In the Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testament, Amos was one of the Twelve Minor Prophets. According to the Bible, Amos was the older contemporary of Hosea and Isaiah and was active c. 760–755 BCE during the rule of kings Jeroboam II of Israel and Uzziah of Judah and is portrayed as being from the southern Kingdom of Judah yet preaching in the northern Kingdom of Israel. The prophet is characterized as speaking against an increased disparity between the very wealthy and the very poor with themes of justice, God's omnipotence, and divine judgment. The Book of Amos is attributed to him. In recent years, scholars have grown more skeptical of The Book of Amos’ presentation of Amos’ biography and background.

Uzziah, also known as Azariah, was the tenth king of the ancient Kingdom of Judah, and one of Amaziah's sons. Uzziah was 16 when he became king of Judah and reigned for 52 years. The first 24 years of his reign were as a co-regent with his father, Amaziah.