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Clarion (instrument)
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Clarion is a name for a high-pitched trumpet used in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. It is also a name for a 4' organ reed stop that produces a high-pitched or clarion-like sound on a pipe organ
Woman playing a clareta or clarion, from a woodcut by Tobias Stimmer, c. 1575. Possibly a slide trumpet or trombone.
Woman playing a clareta or clarion, from a woodcut by Tobias Stimmer, c. 1575. Possibly a slide trumpet or trombone.
Clarion as heraldic device depicted in the coat of arms of Grenville, a mid-16th century carving which clearly shows the labium openings in the pipes
Clarion as heraldic device depicted in the coat of arms of Grenville, a mid-16th century carving which clearly shows the labium openings in the pipes of a pipe organ. Bench end in Sutcombe Church, Devon
Straight trumpet, short enough to have clarion notes. High pitched trumpets are shorter instruments. In comparison to the busine, the trumpet pictured
Straight trumpet, short enough to have clarion notes. High pitched trumpets are shorter instruments. In comparison to the busine, the trumpet pictured is shorter. The añafil (Spanish renaming of Arabic Nafir, also called buisine was between 4 and 7 feet long. Calling it "clairon," Nicot said the nafir at 4.25–5 ft long served as treble for the Moore's other trumpets, which sounded tenor and bass tones. Some of those trumpets such as the modern Moroccan
Angels sounding trumpets. With the exception of some early European instruments such as the Greek salpinx and Roman tuba, cornu and buccina, pre-13th
Angels sounding trumpets. With the exception of some early European instruments such as the Greek salpinx and Roman tuba, cornu and buccina, pre-13th century European trumpets were horns, shaped like oxen horns until encounters with Islamic armies' nafirs inspired creation of instruments such as the Spanish añafil and French buisine.
Buisine
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The buisine and the añafil were variations of a type of straight medieval trumpet usually made of metal, also called a herald's trumpet. While arguably the same instrument, the two names represent two
Clarion (instrument)
…trumpets took on the sound of courts, sounding much like the modern fanfare trumpet. During the development process, longer "shrill" trumpets such as the añafil or buisine trumpets were folded into more compact forms. By 1511, Virdung had published engravings of these folded instruments, one labeled "clareta…
Spanish trumpeters play the buisine or añafil. Illustration from the Cantigas de Santa Maria.
Spanish trumpeters play the buisine or añafil. Illustration from the Cantigas de Santa Maria.
Cloisters Apocalypse miniature, circa 1330. An angel plays an añafil, and fire rains on the earth.
Cloisters Apocalypse miniature, circa 1330. An angel plays an añafil, and fire rains on the earth.
Buisine trumpets, drums, Italy, 14th century
Buisine trumpets, drums, Italy, 14th century
Cloisters Apocalypse, an angel sounds an añafil (the 2nd trumpet) and fire rains on the sea.
Cloisters Apocalypse, an angel sounds an añafil (the 2nd trumpet) and fire rains on the sea.