Inclusion (mineral)
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In mineralogy, an inclusion is any material that is trapped inside a mineral during its formation. In gemology, an inclusion is a characteristic enclosed within a gemstone, or reaching its surface from the interior.
Dark inclusions of aegerine in light-green apatite
Sketch showing different shapes of inclusions
An insect encased in amber, has gas bubbles protruding from its thorax and head.
The term three phase relates to the three phases of matter, solid, liquid, and gas. This is a three phase inclusion in rock crystal quartz. The solid is a black material that is of bituminous origin. The liquid encased is petroleum, and the gas bubble is methane.
Gemology
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Gemology or gemmology is the science dealing with natural and artificial gemstone materials. It is a geoscience and a branch of mineralogy. Some jewelers are academically trained gemologists and are qualified to identify and evaluate gems.
Examining a pink sapphire under a gemmological microscope
Peridot (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 in the rough form and a cut and polished gem.
Gemmological travel lab KA52KRS
A selection of ornamental, non-precious stones made by tumbling rough pebbles with abrasive grit in a rotating drum. The biggest pebble here is 40 millimetres (1.6 in) long.