1.
City
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A city is a large and permanent human settlement. Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, a big city or metropolis usually has associated suburbs and exurbs. Such cities are associated with metropolitan areas and urban areas. Once a city expands far enough to another city, this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis. Damascus is arguably the oldest city in the world, in terms of population, the largest city proper is Shanghai, while the fastest-growing is Dubai. There is not enough evidence to assert what conditions gave rise to the first cities, some theorists have speculated on what they consider suitable pre-conditions and basic mechanisms that might have been important driving forces. The conventional view holds that cities first formed after the Neolithic revolution, the Neolithic revolution brought agriculture, which made denser human populations possible, thereby supporting city development. The advent of farming encouraged hunter-gatherers to abandon nomadic lifestyles and to settle near others who lived by agricultural production, the increased population density encouraged by farming and the increased output of food per unit of land created conditions that seem more suitable for city-like activities. In his book, Cities and Economic Development, Paul Bairoch takes up position in his argument that agricultural activity appears necessary before true cities can form. According to Vere Gordon Childe, for a settlement to qualify as a city, it must have enough surplus of raw materials to support trade and a relatively large population. To illustrate this point, Bairoch offers an example, Western Europe during the pre-Neolithic, when the cost of transport is taken into account, the figure rises to 200,000 square kilometres. Bairoch noted that this is roughly the size of Great Britain, the urban theorist Jane Jacobs suggests that city formation preceded the birth of agriculture, but this view is not widely accepted. In his book City Economics, Brendan OFlaherty asserts Cities could persist—as they have for thousands of years—only if their advantages offset the disadvantages, OFlaherty illustrates two similar attracting advantages known as increasing returns to scale and economies of scale, which are concepts usually associated with businesses. Their applications are seen in more basic economic systems as well, increasing returns to scale occurs when doubling all inputs more than doubles the output an activity has economies of scale if doubling output less than doubles cost. To offer an example of these concepts, OFlaherty makes use of one of the oldest reasons why cities were built, in this example, the inputs are anything that would be used for protection and the output is the area protected and everything of value contained in it. OFlaherty then asks that we suppose the protected area is square, the advantage is expressed as, O = s 2, where O is the output and s stands for the length of a side. This equation shows that output is proportional to the square of the length of a side, the inputs depend on the length of the perimeter, I =4 s, where I stands for the quantity of inputs. So there are increasing returns to scale, O = I2 /16 and this equation shows that with twice the inputs, you produce quadruple the output
City
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1908 map of Piraeus, the port of Athens, showing the grid plan of the city
City
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Ancient Ur of Sumer in present-day Tell el-Mukayyar in Iraq, one of the world's earliest cities
City
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Mohenjo-daro, a World Heritage site that was part of the Indus Valley Civilization
City
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A map dating 1669 showing the location of Multan, Pakistan
2.
Riverside County, California
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Riverside County, California is one of fifty-eight counties in the U. S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,189,641, making it the 4th-most populous county in California, the name was derived from the city of Riverside, which is the county seat. Riverside County is included in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, the county is also included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area. There is a concentration of sprawling tract housing communities around Riverside and along the Interstate 10,15. Roughly rectangle-shaped, Riverside County covers 7,208 square miles in Southern California, geographically, the county is mostly desert in the central and eastern portions, but has a Mediterranean climate in the western portion. Most of Joshua Tree National Park is located in the county, the resort cities of Palm Springs, Palm Desert, Indian Wells, La Quinta, Rancho Mirage, and Desert Hot Springs are all located in the Coachella Valley region of Riverside County. Large numbers of Los Angeles area workers have moved to the county in recent years to take advantage of affordable housing. Along with neighboring San Bernardino County, it was one of the fastest growing regions in the prior to the recent changes in the regional economy. In addition, smaller, but significant, numbers of people have been moving into Southwest Riverside County from the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area, the cities of Temecula and Murrieta accounted for 20% of the increase in population of the county between 2000 and 2007. The indigenous peoples of what is now Riverside County are the Luiseño, Cupeño, the Luiseño lived in the Aguanga and Temecula Basins, Elsinore Trough and eastern Santa Ana Mountains and southward into San Diego County. The Cahullia lived to the east and north of the Luiseño in the valleys, Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains. The first European settlement in the county was a Mission San Luis Rey de Francia estancia or farm, grain and grapes were grown here. In 1819, the Mission granted land to Leandro Serrano, mayordomo of San Antonio de Pala Asistencia for the Mission of San Luis Rey for Rancho Temescal, following Mexican independence and the 1833 confiscation of Mission lands, more ranchos were granted. New Mexican colonists founded the town of La Placita on the east side of the Santa Ana River at the extremity of what is now the city of Riverside in 1843. When the initial 27 California counties were established in 1850 the area known as Riverside County was divided between Los Angeles County and San Diego County. In 1853 the eastern part of Los Angeles County was used to create San Bernardino County, between 1891 and 1893 several proposals, and legislative attempts, were put forth to form new counties in Southern California. These proposals included one for a Pomona County and one for a San Jacinto County, none of the proposals were adopted until a measure to create Riverside County was signed by Governor Henry H. Markham on March 11,1893. The new county was created from parts of San Bernardino County, on May 2,1893, seventy percent of voters approved the formation of Riverside County
Riverside County, California
Riverside County, California
Riverside County, California
Riverside County, California
3.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
California
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A forest of redwood trees in Redwood National Park
California
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Flag
California
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Mount Shasta
California
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Aerial view of the California Central Valley
4.
U.S. state
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A U. S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a geographic territory. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders. States range in population from just under 600,000 to over 39 million, four states use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names. States are divided into counties or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, State governments are allocated power by the people through their individual constitutions. All are grounded in principles, and each provides for a government. States possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and incorporation, with the government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a debate over states rights, which concerns the extent and nature of the states powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government. States and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a legislature consisting of the Senate. Each state is represented in the Senate by two senators, and is guaranteed at least one Representative in the House, members of the House are elected from single-member districts. Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census, the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50, alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of states have the power to secede from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U. S. Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, as a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance
U.S. state
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U.S. states
5.
Initiative
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In political science, an initiative is a means by which a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote. The initiative may take the form of an initiative or an indirect initiative. In a direct initiative, a measure is put directly to a vote after being submitted by a petition, in an indirect initiative, a measure is first referred to the legislature, and then put to a popular vote only if not enacted by the legislature. It is a form of direct democracy, the Canadian province of British Columbia has a citizen initiative law known as the Recall and Initiative Act. The original proposal was put to voters in a referendum held in October 1991 and was supported by over 83% of voters and it was subsequently put into force by the incoming NDP government. The first referendum was held under this legislation on September 2011 on the subject of repealing the Harmonized Sales Tax, details of its use in BC are available on the Elections BC website. The rejected Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe included an indirect initiative right. The precise mechanism had not been agreed upon, critics underlined the weakness of this right of initiative, which did not ultimately entail any vote or referendum. A similar scheme under the name, European Citizens Initiative, has been put forward in the now ratified European Lisbon Treaty. It follows very similar rules to the ones outlined in the European Constitution and these citizens would thereby obtain the same right to request the Commission to submit a legislative proposal as the Council has had since the establishment of the European Communities in 1957. This, however, does require that the signatures come from a significant number of Member States and it is suggested that this significant number will need to be around a quarter of member states, with at least 1/500 of the citizens in those member states supporting the initiative. With the variety of languages within the European Union, this creates a significant hurdle for people to navigate. In 2013 the subjects of ongoing open initiatives of the European Citizens Initiative are e. g. about water and sanitation as a human right, unconditional Basic Income, or to End Ecocide in Europe. It remains to be if the ECI evolves into a full initiative or remains in its present state of a de facto petition. Since March 1,2012, groups of at least 50,000 Finnish citizens with suffrage have had the right to send a citizens initiative to the Parliament of Finland. A limited, indirect form of initiative was added to the French Constitution on 28 March 2003 as part of decentralization reforms. However, the only power these local referendum initiatives confer on citizens is the ability to add propositions to their local assemblys meeting agenda, the decision as to whether to submit citizen propositions to a popular vote rests with the local assembly. All German states have the right to initiative, however, there is no constitutional citizens initiative in Germany at a federal level
Initiative
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Signature collection point at The Body Shop in Kluuvi shopping centre, Helsinki, for one of the first citizens’ initiatives in Finland, about banning fur farming.
6.
Mira Loma
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Mira Loma, now officially part of Jurupa Valley, was a census-designated place in Riverside County, California, United States. Its population was 21,930 in the 2010 census, up from 17,617 in the 2000 census, Mira Loma was known as Wineville prior to 1930. The name was changed year to help disassociate the community from the Wineville Chicken Coop Murders. In 2010, parts of Mira Loma became part of the incorporated city of Eastvale. On July 1,2011, parts of Mira Loma became part of the incorporated city of Jurupa Valley. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 8.1 square miles. Rancho Jurupa/Jurupa Valley was originally granted by the Mexican government to Sn, juan Bandini, on September 28,1838. Originally known as Wineville, it is located in the modern day Jurupa area of unincorporated Riverside County. It is separated from the city of Riverside by the Santa Ana River to the south, borders the Ontario/Fontana area of San Bernardino County to the north and west, and Pedley / Glen Avon to the east. The community officially changed its name from Wineville on November 1,1930, due in large part to the negative publicity surrounding the Wineville Chicken Coop Murders. On March 8,2011, voters passed Measure A by a 54. 03% YES vote, incorporating the areas of Mira Loma, Pedley, Rubidoux, Glen Avon, the effective date of incorporation was July 1,2011. The 2010 United States Census reported that Mira Loma had a population of 21,930, the population density was 2,691.0 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Mira Loma was 12,577 White,383 African American,240 Native American,465 Asian,43 Pacific Islander,7,250 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 14,846 persons. The Census reported that 21,882 people lived in households,28 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 335 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 31 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 527 households were made up of individuals and 164 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 4.15. There were 4,523 families, the family size was 4.30. The median age was 30.4 years, for every 100 females there were 103.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.3 males, there were 5,640 housing units at an average density of 692.1 per square mile, of which 3,902 were owner-occupied, and 1,375 were occupied by renters
Mira Loma
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Location in Riverside County and the state of California
7.
Sunnyslope, California
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Sunnyslope was a census-designated place in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 5,153 at the 2010 census, up from 4,437 at the 2000 census, on July 1,2011, the CDP became part of the newly incorporated City of Jurupa Valley. Sunnyslope is located at 34°1′14″N 117°25′24″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.5 square miles, all of it land. On March 8,2011, voters passed Measure A by a 54. 03% YES vote, incorporating the areas of Mira Loma, Pedley, Rubidoux, Glen Avon, the effective date of incorporation was July 1,2011. The 2010 United States Census reported that Sunnyslope had a population of 5,153, the population density was 3,497.0 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Sunnyslope was 3,017 White,96 African American,55 Native American,76 Asian,10 Pacific Islander,1,696 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,630 persons. The Census reported that 5,017 people lived in households,7 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 75 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 9 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 102 households were made up of individuals and 35 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 4.23. There were 1,036 families, the family size was 4.41. The median age was 31.1 years, for every 100 females there were 102.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males, there were 1,242 housing units at an average density of 842.9 per square mile, of which 959 were owner-occupied, and 226 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2. 4%, the vacancy rate was 3. 4%. 3,975 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,042 people lived in housing units. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,437 people,1,086 households, the population density was 3,216.9 people per square mile. There were 1,123 housing units at a density of 814.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 57. 7% White,3. 9% African American,1. 6% Native American,2. 3% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,30. 6% from other races, and 3. 9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 53. 1% of the population,8. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 1. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.0 and the family size was 4.1
Sunnyslope, California
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Location in Riverside County and the state of California
8.
Glen Avon, California
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Glen Avon was a census-designated place in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 20,199 at the 2010 census, up from 14,853 at the 2000 census, on July 1,2011, the CDP became part of the newly incorporated City of Jurupa Valley. Glen Avon is located at 34°1′2″N 117°29′31″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.1 square miles, of which,8.1 square miles of it is land and 0.04 square miles of it is water. Established as a subdivision of West Riverside by the Riverside Development Company, it received the name Glen Avon Heights in 1909. On March 8,2011, voters passed Measure A by a 54. 03% YES vote, incorporating the areas of Mira Loma, Pedley, Rubidoux, Glen Avon, the effective date of incorporation was July 1,2011. The 2010 United States Census reported that Glen Avon had a population of 20,199, the population density was 2,483.4 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Glen Avon was 10,272 White,805 African American,216 Native American,462 Asian,34 Pacific Islander,7,567 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13,766 persons. The Census reported that 20,101 people lived in households,24 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 406 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 39 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,279 households were made up of individuals and 653 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.49. There were 4,217 families, the family size was 4.06. The median age was 31.7 years, for every 100 females there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.5 males, there were 6,203 housing units at an average density of 762.6 per square mile, of which 3,101 were owner-occupied, and 2,660 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2. 6%, the vacancy rate was 7. 4%. 12,244 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 7,857 people lived in housing units. As of the census of 2000, there were 14,853 people,4,740 households, the population density was 2,012.0 people per square mile. There were 4,936 housing units at a density of 668.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 60. 8% White,3. 8% Black or African American,1. 5% Native American,2. 2% Asian,0. 2% Pacific Islander,27. 1% from other races, and 4. 3% from two or more races. 47. 2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,27. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
Glen Avon, California
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Location in Riverside County and the state of California
9.
Jurupa Valley High School
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Jurupa Valley Valley High School is a public high school in Jurupa Valley, California. The school was established in 1989, as part of the Jurupa Unified School District, as of the 2007-08 school year, the school had an enrollment of 2,347 students and 111.2 classroom teachers, for a student-teacher ratio of 21.1. The official school colors of Jurupa Valley High School are navy blue, silver, the Jurupa Valley High School mascot is the jaguar. Jurupa Valley High School offers sports including male and female football, Waterpolo, soccer, tennis, basketball, girls volleyball, most of the sports at JVHS participate in the River Valley League. The cheer squad of 2004 -2005 took national champs at the Sharp competition in Hawaii, the squad of 2006 -2007, took national champs once again. Under the direction of Monica Werwee, the cheer squad also took national champs 3 years in a row at the Sharp competition in Las Vegas, Nevada. Under the direction of Natalie Franco, the JVHS yearbook is a full-color, award-winning annual. The Prowler is a newspaper published monthly by the students in the journalism class. School Website U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System, Jurupa Valley High School 34°00′07″N 117°31′16″W
Jurupa Valley High School
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Jurupa Valley High School
10.
Riverside Transit Agency
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The Riverside Transit Agency is the main transit agency for western Riverside County, California, United States. RTA provides both local and regional services throughout the region with 34 fixed-routes, eight CommuterLink routes, in the cities of Corona, Beaumont and Banning, RTA coordinates regional services with municipal transit systems. In Riverside, RTA coordinates with the citys Riverside Special Services, RTA was established as a joint powers agency on August 15,1975 and began operating bus service on March 16,1977. RTA experienced record ridership in Fiscal Year 2014 with over 9.5 million boardings, RTA is governed by a board of directors composed of 22 elected officials from 18 cities in western Riverside County and four members of the County Board of Supervisors. RTA’s service consists of 34 local fixed routes and 8 commuter express routes, the fixed-route service includes tourist trolleys. The agency also provides service in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. In 2003, RTA launched CommuterLink, its first bus service designed to serve Riverside County’s growing number of commuters, the specially designed express buses have limited stop service to major transit centers and Metrolink stations in Riverside county. By the end of 2016, Wi-fi will be offered on all of the agencys fixed-route buses, the project as proposed would closely resemble LACMTAs Metro Rapid lines, with buses traveling in mixed traffic rather than a dedicated lane. Dubbed the Gold Line, the service is expected to begin operating in 2017, in September 2006, RTA partnered with the University of California, Riverside to provide their students with an all-access bus pass. UC Riverside students get free rides on all fixed-route and CommuterLink buses by swiping their valid university identification cards through any RTA bus farebox when they board, the program, called U-Pass, is designed to help ease traffic congestion around campus, reduce parking problems and encourage ride-sharing. Additionally, RTA operates a service called the Crest Cruiser that is free to UCR students and travels around the university to off-campus housing. Students of La Sierra University have also benefited from U-Pass since January 2009, as of August 21,2008, RTA has also partnered with Riverside Community College District to provide the same free transit services to students at the Riverside City and Moreno Valley college campuses. The program, called Go Pass, requires that students swipe their valid RCCD ID cards through the bus farebox when boarding, as of August 2014, the Go-Pass has logged more than 4.5 million RCCD student rides. In August 2010, RTA expanded the reach of its Go-Pass program by partnering with the Mt. San Jacinto College District. Students at the Banning, Menifee and San Jacinto campuses who pay their student fees are allowed unlimited riders on all fixed-route, City of Riverside employees ride free under the CityPass program, which was initiated in the summer of 2007. Under an agreement with the Riverside County Courts, anyone serving as a juror at the Riverside, Banning, the City of Riverside, using funding from the South Coast Air Quality Management District, began offering discounted bus passes to all residents of the city in December 2009. This program, called Riverside Go Transit, provides a 30% discount on monthly passes, any person who meets RTA active duty military, police or fire personnel requirements rides free on RTA fixed-route buses. Active duty military personnel must wear the uniform at the time of boarding or present to the driver a valid U. S
Riverside Transit Agency
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Gillig BRTPlus
11.
Ontario International Airport
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It is currently owned and operated under a joint powers agreement with the city of Ontario and San Bernardino County. The year 2007 saw the peak in traffic with 7.2 million passengers. More recently, in 2015,4.2 million passengers used the airport, in 2015 Southwest Airlines carried 59% of departing passengers. In 1923 a landing field was established east of Central Avenue on land leased from the Union Pacific Railroad, the airfield was named Latimer Field after an orange-packing company next to the airstrip. An airport was built there by one of the first flying clubs in southern California, in 1929, the city of Ontario purchased 30 acres, now in the southwest corner of the airport, for $12,000, and established the Ontario Municipal Airport. In 1941 the city bought 470 acres around the airport and approved construction of new runways, the 6, 200-foot east/west runway and the 4, 700-foot northeast/southwest runway cost $350,000. On 27 February 1942, an Army Air Corps plane made the first landing at the new airport, by 1943, the airport was an Army Air Corps Lockheed P-38 Lightning training base and North American P-51 Mustang operating base. In 1946 Ontario Municipal Airport was renamed Ontario International Airport because of the cargo flights originating there. On 17 May 1946, two Army surplus steel hangars arrived at the airport, which the Ontario city council had authorized the $50,000 purchase of just the previous week, city officials were pleased to have secured a bargain. Thought to be the only available in the U. S. City Manager Harold J. Martin observed that if they could be acquired at a later date. A Pacific Overseas Airlines flight from Shanghai arrived at Ontario on 18 May 1946, in 1949 Western Airlines began scheduled flights, in 1955 Bonanza Air Lines flights started. Western and Bonanza nonstops did not reach beyond Las Vegas, in 1962 Western began nonstop flights to San Francisco. In 1967 Bonanza began nonstop F27 flights to Phoenix, Ontario and Los Angeles entered into a joint powers agreement, making Ontario International Airport part of the Los Angeles regional airports system. In 1968 the airport saw its first scheduled jet flights, in 1970 United Airlines started a nonstop to Chicago and American started flights to Dallas. In September 1986, Ontario hosted the Concorde supersonic airliner during a promotional round-the-world flight, in 1981 a second east-west runway, 26L/8R, was built, necessitating the removal of the old NE-SW runway 4/22. Remnants of the 4/22 runway are visible in the present-day taxiways, with the completion of the new runway, the existing runway 25/7 became 26R/8L. In 1985, the city of Los Angeles acquired Ontario International Airport outright from the city of Ontario, in 1987, Runway 26R/8L was extended to the east to bring the two runway thresholds side by side, so aircraft would be higher over neighborhoods
Ontario International Airport
Ontario International Airport
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Commercial airports
12.
Interstate 215 (California)
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Interstate 215 is a 54. 5-mile long north–south Interstate highway in the Inland Empire region of Southern California. It is a route of Interstate 15, running from Murrieta to northern San Bernardino. While I-215 connects the city centers of both Riverside and San Bernardino, its parent I-15 runs to the west through Corona and Ontario, I-215 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System and is eligible for the State Scenic Highway System. The southern terminus of Interstate 215 is at the junction of Interstate 15 in the city of Murrieta just north of Temecula in southwestern Riverside County and it then runs north through Menifee and Perris before joining State Route 60 in Moreno Valley. I-215 splits from SR60 at State Route 91 in Riverside and this route is an alternative to I-15 for drivers traveling from, for example, Phoenix, Las Vegas, and San Bernardino, to the San Diego metropolitan area. This route offers more of an advantage since it is an alternative to Interstate 15s alignment that is about 10 miles to the west of. That project was completed up to Ethanac Road by November 2014 and was completed entirely in October 2015, I-215 is also used by local residents as the major north–south route for the urbanized portions of the San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontario Metropolitan Area. Interstate 215 is named the Escondido Freeway from its terminus in Murrieta to SR60 in Moreno Valley. From that point to SR91, I-215 is co-signed with SR60 where it inherits the Moreno Valley Freeway name, from the SR 60/SR91 interchange in Riverside to Interstate 10 in San Bernardino, the highway is known as the Riverside Freeway. Between I-10 and its terminus, I-215 is named the Barstow Freeway. On January 24,1957, the State Highway Commission defined the Escondido Freeway as what is now Routes 15 and 215 from Route 805 to Route 91 and this entire segment was previously Route 395 when it was named. Since then, the definition was extended on Route 15 south to Route 8 by Assembly Concurrent Resolution 34, meanwhile, the segment of Route 15 from the San Diego County Line to Lake Elsinore was named the Temecula Valley Freeway in 1990. The highway that is currently Interstate 215 first opened in 1963 as part of U. S. Route 395, the mileposts in Riverside County reflect this, since they do not go to zero at the Interstate 15 interchange in Murrieta. 1968, U. S.395 was renumbered as I-15 and this segment of US395 was again renumbered in 1972 as I-15E. Next in 1974, this route was renumbered as State Route 194, next in 1982, this route was renumbered as I-215 north of SR60, and as State Route 215 south of State Route 60. Once State Route 215 was upgraded to Interstate Highway standards, it part of I-215 in 1994. Travelers following I-215 in either direction need to change freeways at this interchange, the interchange was recently reconstructed to include some high-speed flyovers, one of which carries I-215 southbound traffic. In addition, when I-215 temporarily co-signs SR60 in Riverside, motorists traveling east-west on SR60 must begin counting exits at a new number, in the reverse order, during the I-215 overlap
Interstate 215 (California)
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The junction of I-15 and I-215 in southwestern Riverside County
Interstate 215 (California)
Interstate 215 (California)
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Construction between Inland Center Dr. and Orange Show Rd. in San Bernardino
13.
Ontario, California
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Ontario is a city located in southwestern San Bernardino County, California, United States,35 miles east of downtown Los Angeles. Located in the part of the Inland Empire region, it lies just east of the Los Angeles county line and is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 163,924, up from 158,007 at the 2000 census, making it the fourth most populous city after San Bernardino, Fontana. The city is home to the Ontario International Airport, which is the 15th busiest airport in the United States by cargo carried, Ontario handles the mass of freight traffic between the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach and the rest of the country. It is also the home of Ontario Mills and former home of the Ontario Motor Speedway and it takes its name from the Ontario Model Colony development established in 1882 by the Canadian engineer George Chaffey and his brothers William Chaffey and Charles Chaffey. They named the settlement after their province of Ontario. At the time of Mexican and later of American settlement, active Native American settlements were scattered across the entire valley, remains of a Serrano village were discovered in the neighboring foothills of the present-day city of Claremont. Following the 1819 establishment of San Bernardino Asistencia, which may have served as an outpost of the San Gabriel mission, it part of a large. In 1826, Jedediah Smith passed through what is now Upland on the first overland journey to the West coast of North America via the National Old Trails Road, the 1834 secularization of California land holdings resulted in the lands transferral to private hands. In 1881, the Chaffey brothers, George and William, purchased the land and they also created the main thoroughfare of Euclid Avenue, with its distinctive wide lanes and grassy median. The new Model Colony was originally conceived as a dry town, the two named the town Ontario in honor of the province of Ontario in Canada, where they were born. Ontario attracted farmers and ailing Easterners seeking a drier climate, to impress visitors and potential settlers with the abundance of water in Ontario, a fountain was placed at the Southern Pacific railway station. It was turned on when trains were approaching and frugally turned off again after their departure. Agriculture was vital to the economy, and many street names recall this legacy. The Sunkist plant remains as a vestige of the citrus era. The Chaffey brothers left to found the settlements of Mildura, Australia and Renmark, Australia, Charles Frankish continued their work at Ontario. Mining engineer John Tays refined the design of the mule car. At that point, the two mules were loaded onto a platform at the rear of the car and allowed to ride, soon replaced by an electric streetcar, the mule car is commemorated by a replica in an enclosure south of C Street on the Euclid Avenue median
Ontario, California
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The Ontario Convention Center in September 2006.
Ontario, California
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Interior of citrus packing house, Ontario, ca.1905
Ontario, California
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The olive vat room at Graber Olive House in Ontario, California. In 1894, two years after planting olive trees in Ontario, C. C. Graber began selling vat cured olives from the pictured vat room in vats similar to the ones pictured. Graber Olive House is the oldest operating olive packer in the United States.
Ontario, California
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Ontario Mills in March 2005.
14.
Fontana, California
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Fontana is a city of 203,003 residents in San Bernardino County, California. Founded by Azariel Blanchard Miller in 1913, it remained essentially rural until World War II, when entrepreneur Henry J. Kaiser built a large steel mill in the area. It is home to the largest of the San Bernardino County system libraries, a historic theater, a municipal park. Fontana also hosts the Fontana Days Half Marathon and 5K run and this race is the fastest half-marathon course in the world. The United States Census Bureau estimated Fontanas 2013 population at 203,003, making it the second most populous city in San Bernardino county, the name fontana is Italian for fountain or water source, being in close proximity to the Santa Ana River to the west. Fontana was founded in 1913 by Azariel Blanchard Miller, within a few years it became an agricultural town of citrus orchards, vineyards and chicken ranches astride U. S. Route 66. The Fontana area was transformed during World War II when Henry J. Kaiser built one of only two steel mills west of the Mississippi River outside the city limits. To provide for the plant workers health needs, Henry J. Kaiser constructed the Fontana Kaiser Permanente medical facility, in the 1950s and 60s, Fontana was home to a drag racing strip that was a venue in the NHRA circuit. Mickey Thompsons Fontana International Dragway was also referred to as Fontana Drag City or Fontana Drag Strip. When the Ro-Val museum closed, the vehicles were sold to Bill Harrah, a Nevada casino owner and automobile collector, who placed them on display in the museum located at his casino. As of the 2000 census, the city had a population of 128,929. There are also deposits of similar age from Etiwanda Creek on the western edge of the city. However, the northern and southern edges of the city are formed by the much older San Gabriel and Jurupa mountain ranges, the Jurupa Mountains are composed primarily of Cretaceous and Paleozoic-era rocks, as are the San Gabriels, which also include even older, Proterozoic formations. The most prominent of the San Gabriel Mountains visible from Fontana is Cucamonga Peak and it is estimated to be capable of producing earthquakes approximately of magnitude 6. 0-7.0. The citys listed elevation, measured from the northeast corner of the intersection of Upland Avenue and Sierra Avenue, however, the highest elevation within the city limits is approximately 2,600 feet, in the northernmost part of the Panorama neighborhood of Hunters Ridge. The lowest point within the city limits is approximately 840 feet, at the intersection of Etiwanda and Philadelphia avenues and this difference in elevation is due to the southward slope of the Lytle Creek alluvial fan. The city is affected by the strong, hot and dry Santa Ana winds as they blow through the nearby Cajon Pass of the San Gabriel mountains. Fontana can also be hot in summer, well over 100 degrees Fahrenheit
Fontana, California
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Fontana as seen from Mount Jurupa, looking north towards the Cajon Pass.
Fontana, California
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Fontana City Hall, on Sierra Avenue
Fontana, California
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The Lewis Library and Technology Center
Fontana, California
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Foothill Freeway
15.
Eastvale, California
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Eastvale is a city located in northwestern Riverside County, California, the Inland Empire region of Southern California. Its boundaries extend from Hellman Avenue to the West, Bellgrave Avenue to the North, the Santa Ana River and Norco to the South, the population was 53,668 at the 2010 census. The Los Angeles County line is approximately 8 miles northwest of Eastvale, while the Orange County line is approximately 5 miles to the southwest. According to the Eastvale area plan, Eastvale has an area of 13.1 square miles, of which 12.5 square miles is land and 0.6 square miles. According to the United States Census Bureau, the former census-designated place of Eastvale covered an area of 11.4 square miles,99. 65% of it land, Eastvale has two postal ZIP codes—92880 and 91752, with current mailing addresses of Corona and Mira Loma. Most of Eastvale, like most of western Riverside County, has the area code of 951. Eastvale experiences a warm Mediterranean climate and has mild winters and hot summers, most of the rainfall occurs during winter and early spring. The winter low temperatures can get enough for frost. Winter days are pleasant, with the mercury staying around 65 degrees Fahrenheit, summertime is hot, with highs averaging in the low 90s. During the hottest months, daytime temperatures in Eastvale often exceed 100 degrees, the city of Eastvale now occupies approximately the westernmost one-quarter of former Rancho Jurupa land grant. The Mexican-American War between the United States and Mexico ended in 1848 with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, by which Mexico ceded Alta California, two years later, on 9 September 1850, California became a U. S. state. For 65 years, between 1889 and 1954, the Fuller family owned about 6 square miles of land on the north side of the Santa Ana River. Almost half of present-day Eastvale, between Schleisman Road and the river, was included within the Fuller ranch’s boundaries, Eastvale, once a rural area, was predominantly dairy farms and agricultural until the late 1990s. At that time, the area started to suburbanize to accommodate the influx of people coming from neighboring Orange, Eastvale was particularly hit hard by the United States housing bubble that burst in the late 2000s. A large portion of the homes were sold during the early. Eastvale was one of several unincorporated areas of Riverside County that had strong community support for city incorporation, the passage of AB1602 in the mid-2000s, a state bill that adds funds from vehicle license fees, made it easier for unincorporated areas to attain cityhood. In 2008, the communities of Menifee, Sun City and Quail Valley merged and incorporated as the City of Menifee, the law also stirred up renewed interest in incorporation efforts for Mira Loma and Jurupa Valley. The community of Eastvale actively attempted to incorporate from the mid-2000s through 2010, the incorporation effort was being led by the Eastvale Incorporation Committee
Eastvale, California
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Eastvale Gateway - The main retail center for Eastvale, located at Interstate 15 off the Limonite exit. The San Gabriel Mountains can be seen in the background. In the foreground, construction of a stadium movie theater in the front.
16.
County seat
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A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is used in the United States, Canada, Romania, China, in the United Kingdom and Ireland, county towns have a similar function. In the United States, counties are the subdivisions of a state. Depending on the state, counties may provide services to the public, impose taxes. Some types of subdivisions, such as townships, may be incorporated or unincorporated. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government is known as the seat of its respective county, a county seat is usually, but not always, an incorporated municipality. The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia, likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey, though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township, in some of the colonial states, county seats include or formerly included Court House as part of their name. Most counties have only one county seat, an example is Harrison County, Mississippi, which lists both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats. The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult, there have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of pride for the towns involved. There are 36 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states, Coffee County, for example, the official county seat is Greensboro, but an additional courthouse has been located in nearby High Point since 1938. For example, Clearwater is the county seat of Pinellas County, Florida, in New England, the town, not the county, is the primary division of local government. Historically, counties in this region have served mainly as dividing lines for the judicial systems. Connecticut and Rhode Island have no county level of government and thus no county seats, in Vermont, Massachusetts, and Maine the county seats are legally designated shire towns. County government consists only of a Superior Court and Sheriff, both located in the shire town. Bennington County has two towns, but the Sheriff is located in Bennington. In Massachusetts, most government functions which would otherwise be performed by county governments in other states are performed by town governments. As such, Massachusetts has dissolved many of its county governments, two counties in South Dakota have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county
County seat
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Many county seats in the United States feature a historic courthouse, such as this one in Renville County, Minnesota, pictured in May 2008.
17.
Banning, California
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Banning is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 29,603 at the 2010 census and it is situated in the San Gorgonio Pass, also known as Banning Pass. It is named for Phineas Banning, stagecoach line owner and the Father of the Port of Los Angeles, Banning has a western neighbor, the city of Beaumont, which shares geographic and regional features. Banning and Beaumont have been growing in size and population since the 1990s. Both cities are about 80 miles east of downtown Los Angeles and 30 miles west of Palm Springs, each connected by freeway and railroad. The area, up to the century, was inhabited by the Cahuilla people, though the region around Banning was originally Maringayam. In 1824 it became part of the Mission San Gabriel Arcangel, the first Anglo to settle in the area was Dr. Isaac Smith in 1853. In 1863 a smallpox epidemic further diminished the Cahuilla, the government created Indian reservations for the Cahuilla in 1877. The development of the settlement that was to become Banning coincided with the start of the Colorado River Gold Rush, the Bradshaw Trail was a wagon road to the gold boomtowns of Arizona Territory that passed through the area in 1862. Gilmans Ranch north of downtown served as a station for the lines on this road. The railroad followed passing through the town in 1876, the Southern Pacific railroad, was a major contributor to the areas growth. U. S. Route 99 was built in 1923, followed by U. S. Route 60/70 in 1936, Banning borders the Morongo Indian Reservation, home to the Morongo Band of Cahuilla Indians. Relations with reservation residents have been stressed by such actions as disputes over water rights, see Dorothy Ramons book Always Believe for a Maringayams views on Banning and reservation life. Prior to the name Banning, the settlement was called Moore City, ransom B. Moore operated a large cattle ranch and was a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, settling in the area and nearby San Gorgonio mountains in the early 1860s. The town of Banning was incorporated on February 6,1913, between the years 1880 and 1980, it was the largest city in year-round population between Redlands and the Colorado River. The St. Boniface Indian Industrial School was opened in 1890, providing education to Cahuilla, Serrano, Luiseño, Kumeyaay. Bishop Francisco Mora y Borrell authorized the school and Mother Katharine Drexel provided funding to the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions for purchase of the land, construction, over its history, about 8,000 students attended the school which was demolished in 1974. During World War II, Banning was the site of the 1 and it supported training at the Desert Training Center and was later used as a naval convalescent hospital
Banning, California
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City of Banning, public art
Banning, California
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Location in Riverside County and the state of California
Banning, California
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City of Banning Ring of Honor
18.
Beaumont, California
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During the early 1850s, many surveying parties passed through the vicinity of present-day Beaumont in search of a pass that would connect the east to the Pacific Ocean. The San Gorgonio Pass was discovered in 1853 by an expedition under Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, who was sent by the United States government and its discovery enthralled many who now saw that connecting to the ocean was a feasible measure and led to plans for connecting a railway from the Missouri River to the Pacific. By the early 1860s, the Southern Pacific Railroad had laid tracks through the location of Beaumont. At the summit of the pass, a site was founded and named Edgar Station after a physician from one of the original expedition parties, Edgar Station served as a rest stop for railway travelers from the Mojave Desert on their way to the Los Angeles vicinity. Soon Edgar Station changed its name to San Gorgonio, named by a real estate development company, the sleepy town of San Gorgonio became an incorporated Californian city on November 18,1912, and adopted its current name of Beaumont. The city, one of Riverside Countys largest apple growers, was dubbed the land of the big red apple by local residents in its early years, apple orchards in and around the town expanded to a $200,000 industry by 1930. During the Cold War, a Lockheed rocket test site operated by Simi Valley-based Rocketdyne was established south of the town in Potrero Canyon, in late 2003, the majority of the Potrero Canyon site was sold to the state of California. Toxic chemicals used in fuel and site test activities have been found in the soil and groundwater at the site. Plans are being developed by the California Department of Fish and Game to allow public access, with the housing boom in the early decade, the urban sprawl reached the last remaining valleys of the Inland Empire. 5% a year to 310,000 by 2015. Beaumont is host to many new master-planned communities, the following communities are currently under construction or have been built, Oak Valley Greens, Three Rings Ranch, Solera by Del Webb later sold to Pulte Homes Inc. Sundance and Tournament Hills by Pardee Homes, and Fairway Canyon, excepting Oak Valley Greens, these communities operate under HOAs and are similar to developments in Redlands, Rancho Cucamonga, and even Orange County suburbs. New big box stores have opened up in town, including a Wal-Mart Supercenter, a Home Depot Home Improvement Center. Beaumont also boasts a new Walgreens, Rite-Aid, and a Stater Bros. grocery store, for 90 years, Beaumont has hosted the Annual Cherry Festival. The next Cherry Festival takes place from June 4 through 7,2015, local recreational possibilities include two golf courses including the Tukwet Canyon and Oak Valley Golf Clubs. In May 2016, prosecutors announced that they were charging almost all of Beaumont’s former government leadership with corruption they said had been going on for three decades, seven former officials were arrested and charged with stealing nearly $43 million from city coffers. Bail for Kapanicas, Aylward, Aklufi, Dillon, Moorjani and Egger was set at $5 million each, the criminal probe began in April 2015 when investigators with the Riverside County district attorney’s office and the FBI raided City Hall and seized records, computers and other items. Beaumonts neighboring city to the east is Banning and Calimesa to the west, if driving east to Banning or west to Calimesa, drivers can feel a gradual downward slope
Beaumont, California
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A postcard of an early Beaumont luxury hotel sitting within local plant life typical of the area.
Beaumont, California
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Location in Riverside County and the state of California
19.
Blythe, California
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Blythe was named after Thomas H. Blythe, a San Francisco financier, who established primary water rights to the Colorado River in the region in 1877. The city was incorporated on July 21,1916, the population was 20,817 at the 2010 census. Calloway made preliminary surveys and filed claims under the Swamp Land Act of 1850. He interested the wealthier Thomas Henry Blythe, who was born in Mold, Wales, on July 17,1877, Blythe filed his first claim for Colorado River water on what was to become the Blythe Intake. Blythe appointed another man named George Irish as manager to assist Calloway in building an irrigation system, Calloway died in a Chemehuevi attack in March 28,1880, and was replaced by C. C. Miller, the father of Frank Augustus Miller, Thomas Blythe died on April 4,1883, his only revisit to the valley was in November 1882. After his death, the work in the valley halted and Blythes estate subsequently went into litigation between his illegitimate daughter Florence and other claimants. Frank Murphy and Ed Williams, who were involved on the industry in southeastern Arizona, came to the area in 1904 and were convinced it was well-suited for cattle. With the Hobson brothers from Ventura County, California, they bought Blythes estate and formed the Palo Verde Land, holt, who helped develop nearby Imperial Valley, was the companys general manager. On August 8,1916, the California Southern Railroad reached Blythe from the station of Rice, California. It was later renamed to honor G. W, Rice, an engineer and superintendent of the railroad. The dramatic growth in the valley following this event attracted national attention, production totals increased annually from virtually nothing to near $8,000,000 in few years, primarily from cotton and cotton seed shipped to the ports. The lower cotton prices in 1920 ended this prosperous time, the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway began leasing the line in 1921 and acquired it in the end of 1942. The first automobile bridge over the Colorado River between Blythe and Ehrenberg was constructed in 1928 to replace a ferry service. The bridges successor was built in the early 1960s and it was expanded to four lanes, in 1972, Interstate 10 was built through the city, replacing US60 and the previously decommissioned US70 in Hobsonway as the main thoroughfare. Blythe is located near the California/Arizona border in the Colorado Desert section of the Sonoran Desert, at the junction of Interstate 10 and US95. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 27.0 square miles. Nearby communities include Lost Lake and Vidal to the north, Ripley to the south, Desert Center to the west, major cities in the region include Yuma, Indio, Phoenix, San Bernardino, Riverside, and Las Vegas
Blythe, California
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Blythe street scene, c. 1900
Blythe, California
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One of the Blythe Intaglios, prehistoric geoglyphs in the Sonoran Desert, across the river from Parker Valley.
20.
Canyon Lake, California
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Canyon Lake is a city and gated community on Canyon Lake reservoir, located in western Riverside County, California, United States. It is one of five gated incorporated cities currently in California, the “City of Canyon Lake” was incorporated on December 1,1990. Railroad Canyon Dam was built in 1927, and impounds the San Jacinto River to fill the reservoir, the affluent city of Canyon Lake is located east of Lake Elsinore and Interstate 15, in the southern foothills of the Temescal Mountains. The mountain range is on the edge of the Perris Block. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 4.7 square miles or 2,017 acres. The lake has 14.9 miles of shoreline, the 2010 United States Census reported that Canyon Lake had a population of 10,561. The population density was 2,260.8 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Canyon Lake was 9,495 White,128 Black or African American,61 Native American,190 Asian American,36 Pacific Islander,316 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,303 persons. The Census reported that 10,552 people lived in households,9 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 214 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 27 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 658 households were made up of individuals and 311 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.68. There were 3,053 families, the family size was 2.99. The median age was 44.0 years, for every 100 females there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males, there were 4,532 housing units at an average density of 970.2 per square mile, of which 3,245 were owner-occupied, and 690 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2. 9%, the vacancy rate was 6. 1%. 8,443 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,109 people lived in housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, Canyon Lake had a household income of $74,133. As of the census of 2000, there were 9,952 people,3,643 households, the population density was 2,485.9 people per square mile. There were 4,047 housing units at a density of 1,010.9 per square mile
Canyon Lake, California
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Entrance of Canyon Lake, CA
Canyon Lake, California
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Canyon Lake Lodge
Canyon Lake, California
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Sit Down Hydrofoiling is popular on Canyon Lake.
21.
Coachella, California
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Coachella is a city in Riverside County, California, it is the easternmost city in the region collectively known as the Coachella Valley. It is located 28 miles east of Palm Springs,72 miles east of Riverside, known as the City of Eternal Sunshine, Coachella is largely a rural and agricultural community in the desert and one of the states fastest growing cities in the late 20th century. When it first incorporated back in 1946, it had 1,000 residents, the eastern half of the Coachella valley is below sea level, and the areas average elevation is 68 feet below sea level. The Salton Sea, a lake located about 10 miles South of Coachella. The city also lends its name to the Coachella grapefruit, the stretch of State Route 111 is named Grapefruit Boulevard in its honor. Harrison Street or State Route 86 is declared historic U. S. Route 99, Coachella is located at 33°40′46″N 116°10′28″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 28.95 square miles. The elevation is 68 feet below sea level, as the half of the Coachella valley is below sea level. The saltwater lake, Salton Sea,10 miles south of Coachella, is 228 feet below sea level, the city was founded as Woodspur in 1876, when the Southern Pacific Railroad built a rail siding on the site. In 1901 the citizens of Woodspur voted on a new name for their community and at a town hall meeting, the origin of the name Coachella is unclear. Some locals believe it was a misspelling of Conchilla, a Spanish word for the white snail shells found in the valleys sandy soil. Coachella began as a 2. 5-square-mile territory gridded out on the desert floor. Coachella became a city in 1946, during the incorporation voting process, the first city council was tentatively elected, Lester C. Cox, T. E. Reyes, John W. Westerfield, Lester True, also elected on November 26,1946, were City Clerk Marie L. Johnson and City Treasurer John C. John Westerfield was appointed mayor at the first meeting, by the 1980 census, Coachellas population had reached at least 10,000 due to relative slow population growth. Due to a percentage of Hispanics in the city, Coachella was a scene of Chicano political activism including protests and visits by United Farm Workers leader César Chávez in the 1960s and 1970s. Https, //www. newspapers. com/clip/4800306/1970_coachella_ca_riots_mexican/ - The Coachella Riot of 1970, Coachella is served by the Coachella Valley Unified School District, based in Thermal, California. Elementary schools include Cesar Chavez, Palm View, Peter Pendleton, Valle Del Sol, Valley View, Westside, the Coachella Valley Adult School, in operation since 1952, is the third largest adult school in Riverside County
Coachella, California
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Coachella City Hall
22.
Corona, California
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Corona is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 152,374, unincorporated areas of Riverside County line all of its other borders. The town of Corona was once the Lemon Capital of the World, a museum there presents the lemons former role in the local economy. The city derived its name from the layout of its streets. The street layout was designed by Hiram Clay Kellogg, an engineer from Anaheim who was an influential figure in the early development of Orange County. Corona was established as a town by the South Riverside Land, the company was incorporated in 1886, founding members included ex-Governor of Iowa, Samuel Merrill, R. B. Taylor, George L. Joy, A. S. Originally a citrus growers organization, it purchased the lands of Rancho La Sierra of Bernardo Yorba, and the Rancho Temescal grant and they also secured the water rights to Temescal Creek, its tributaries and Lee Lake. Dams and pipelines were built to carry the water to the colony, in 1889, the Temescal Water Company was incorporated, to supply water for the new colony. This company purchased all the lands in the Temescal valley. Originally located in San Bernardino County, the city was named South Riverside, in 1893, South Riverside became part of the new Riverside County. In 1896, the city was renamed Corona for its circular Grand Boulevard, the city of Corona has been popular among celebrities drawn to its upscale areas and relative privacy compared to Los Angeles. Desi Arnaz spent time at their ranch, located in north Corona, after their divorce, Mr. Arnaz continued to live in Corona. In recent years Corona has been known as the Gateway to the Inland Empire, prior to the 1980s, the city was a largely agricultural community, dominated by citrus orchards, ranches, and dairy farms. High real estate prices in Los Angeles and Orange counties made the areas land desirable to developers and industrialists, Corona has become a bedroom community for Orange County, Los Angeles, and the larger cities of the Inland Empire. The construction of the nearby 71 Freeway has linked Corona to the Pomona, the effort was also considered by areas in other cities in the western part of the county as far south as Murrieta. Whether nearby cities such as Norco, California would have included in the new county are unknown. The proposed county would have been bordered by San Bernardino County to the northwest, and by Orange County to the west, Corona is located in the Greater Los Angeles Area. Corona is located at 33°52′N 117°34′W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 38.9 square miles, of which,38.8 square miles of it is land and 0.1 square miles of it is water
Corona, California
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A view of Corona
Corona, California
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Many of the homes in the center of town, such as the ones seen in this early 1900s postcard, were recognized by the National Register of Historic Places in 2011 as part of the Grand Boulevard Circle Historic District.
Corona, California
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Riverside (SR 91) freeway interchange with Chino Valley (SR 71) in western Corona.
23.
Hemet, California
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Hemet is a city in the San Jacinto Valley in Riverside County, California, United States. It covers a area of 27.8 square miles, about half of the valley. The population was 78,657 at the 2010 census, the founding of Hemet predates the formation of Riverside County. The formation of Lake Hemet helped the city to grow and stimulated agriculture in the area, the city is known for being the home of The Ramona Pageant, Californias official outdoor play. Started in 1923, the play is one of the longest running plays in the United States. Hemet has been named a Tree City USA for 20 years by the Arbor Day Foundation for its dedication to the local forest, the city is home to the Hemet Valley Medical Center, a 320-bed general hospital. The Cahuilla tribe were the inhabitants of the Hemet area. During the early 19th century, the land was used for ranching by Mission San Luis Rey. In 1842 José Antonio Estudillo received the Rancho San Jacinto Viejo Mexican land grant, in 1887, during the first major Southern California land boom, W. F. Mayberry founded the Lake Hemet Water Company, the Hemet Land Company, in 1895, the Hemet Dam was completed on the San Jacinto River, creating Lake Hemet and providing a reliable water supply to the San Jacinto Valley. This water system was a contribution to the valleys development as an agricultural area. The areas original inhabitants, the Soboba Cahuilla were moved to the Indian reservation near San Jacinto, the City of Hemet was incorporated in January 1910. Out of 177 residents,130 voted to incorporate, with 33 votes against and those who voted against incorporation were landowners who feared increased taxation. The incorporation helped to serve the city, which was outgrowing its current infrastructure. Served by a spur from Riverside, the city became a trading center for the San Jacinto Valleys agriculture. The city has hosted the Agricultural District Farmers Fair of Riverside County. During World War II, the city hosted the Ryan School of Aeronautics, hemet-Ryan Airport exists today at the site of the flight school. In 1950, Hemet was home to 10,000 people, in the 1960s, large-scale residential development began, mostly in the form of mobile home parks and retirement communities, giving Hemet a reputation as a working-class retirement area
Hemet, California
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City Hall
Hemet, California
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The Hemet Maze Stone
Hemet, California
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Harvard Street c. 1907 Hemet Hotel in Background
Hemet, California
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Hemet Panorama at night from the entrance of Simpson Park
24.
Indian Wells, California
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Indian Wells is a city in Riverside County, California, in the Coachella Valley. Incorporated in 1967, it lies in between Palm Desert and the town of La Quinta. As of the 2013 census, the city population was 5,165, the city hosts the fifth-largest tennis tournament in the world, the Indian Wells Masters tennis tournament—presently known as the BNP Paribas Open. It is held at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden, which contains the second-largest tennis-specific stadium in the world, as early as 1853, the area now known as Indian Wells was the site of a thriving Indian village, as reported by W. P. A decade later, when gold was discovered on the Colorado River, the Alexander and Company Stage Line used the trail to transport prospectors and Indian Wells became an important stop along the trail. Competition from the Southern Pacific Railroad caused the route to be abandoned briefly in 1875 before being reactivated by the Wells Fargo Company the following year, over the next decades, settlers gradually arrived in the area and date palm ranches became profitable. The areas first golf courses were opened in the 1950s at the Eldorado Country Club, in 1957, Desi Arnaz opened his Indian Wells Hotel. In 1960, Arnold Palmer won the first Bob Hope Desert Classic golf tournament, president Dwight D. Eisenhower was a regular Indian Wells visitor and later an Eldorado homeowner. In an election held June 27,1967, to avoid being annexed by neighboring cities such as Palm Desert, on July 14,1967, Indian Wells became Californias 400th city and the 16th in Riverside County. Since then, Indian Wells has continued to grow, with the development of hotels, golf courses. The 2010 United States Census reported that Indian Wells had a population of 4,958, the population density was 339.8 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Indian Wells was 4,721 White,29 African American,20 Native American,83 Asian,2 Pacific Islander,52 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 209 persons. The Census reported that 4,952 people lived in households,6 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 85 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 36 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 944 households were made up of individuals and 690 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 1.80. There were 1,650 families, the family size was 2.22. The age distribution was,310 people under the age of 18,76 people aged 18 to 24,283 people aged 25 to 44,1,558 people aged 45 to 64, the median age was 66.7 years. For every 100 females there were 84.6 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males. There were 5,137 housing units at a density of 352.1 per square mile, of which 2,285 were owner-occupied
Indian Wells, California
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City limit as seen from Palm Desert, California
25.
Murrieta, California
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Murrieta is a city in southwestern Riverside County, California, United States. The population of Murrieta was 103,466 at the 2010 census, Murrieta experienced a 133. 7% population increase between 2000 and 2010, according to the most recent census, making Murrieta one of the fastest growing cities in the state. This population boom in 2010 surpassed the population of the historically larger, Temecula and Murrieta together form the southwestern anchor of the Inland Empire region. The Murrieta-Temecula-Menifee Urban Area had a population of 441,546 at the 2010 Census, Murrieta is bordered by Temecula to the south and the newly incorporated cities of Menifee and Wildomar to the north. Murrieta is located in the center of the Los Angeles-San Diego Mega-region which contains a population of 22 million people, for most of its history Murrieta was not heavily populated. A Basque, Ezequiel Murrieta, purchased the Rancho Pauba and Rancho Temecula Mexican land grants, comprising 52,000 acres in the area, intending to bring his sheep-raising business to California. He returned to Spain, however, and turned the land over to his brother, Juan. Others discovered the valley after the construction of a depot in 1882 that connected Murrieta to the Southern California Railroads transcontinental route, by 1890 some 800 people lived in Murrieta. Today much of the site is home to a Bible college and conference center, owned by Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa, when the trains stopped in 1935, tourists – the lifeblood of the town – were much harder to come by. The boom that Murrieta had experienced due to the train and the hot springs gradually died, although US Route 395 did pass through Murrieta, it wasnt until Interstate 15 was built in the early 1980s that another boom began to take hold. In 1990, residents began a campaign for city status which resulted in the establishment of the City of Murrieta on July 1,1991, by then the population had increased from 2,200 in 1980 to 24,000. Murrieta is located at 33°34′10″N 117°12′9″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 33.6 sq mi, of which,99. 89% of it is land and 0. 11% is water. Murrieta Creek runs southeasterly through the Murrieta Valley, Murrieta has a Mediterranean climate or Dry-Summer Subtropical. Murrieta has an average of 263 sunshine days and 35 days with precipitation annually. April through November is warm to hot and dry with high temperatures of 77–91 °F. The period of November through March is somewhat rainy, as shown in the table to left, Murrieta averages 15 inches of precipitation annually, which mainly occurs during the winter and spring with generally light rain showers, but sometimes heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. Snowfall is rare in the city basin, but nearby mountains slopes typically receive snowfall each winter, the 2010 United States Census reported that Murrieta had a population of 103,466. The population density was 3,078.1 people per square mile
Murrieta, California
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Murrieta skyline
Murrieta, California
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Westward view of Murrieta/ Temecula.
26.
Palm Springs, California
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Palm Springs is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States, within the Coachella Valley. It is located approximately 55 mi east of San Bernardino,107 mi east of Los Angeles,123 mi northeast of San Diego, the population was 44,552 as of the 2010 census. Palm Springs covers approximately 94 square miles, making it the largest city in the county by land area, biking, golf, hiking, horseback riding, swimming, and tennis in the nearby desert and mountain areas are major forms of recreation in Palm Springs. The city is famous for its mid-century modern architecture and design elements. Archaeological research has shown that the Cahuilla people have lived in the area for the past 350–500 years, the Cahuilla name for the area was Se-Khi. The alternating non-reservation sections were granted to the Southern Pacific Railroad as an incentive to bring rail lines through the open desert, presently the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians is composed of several smaller bands who live in the modern day Coachella Valley and San Gorgonio Pass areas. The Agua Caliente Reservation occupies 32,000 acres, of which 6,700 acres lie within the city limits, as of 1821 Mexico was independent of Spain and in March 1823 the Mexican Monarchy ended. With the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the region was ceded to the United States in 1848, one possible origin of palm in the place name comes from early Spanish explorers who referred to the area as La Palma de la Mano de Dios or The Palm of Gods hand. The earliest use of the name Palm Springs is from United States Topographical Engineers who used the term in 1853 maps, other early names were Palmetto Spring and Big Palm Springs. The first European resident in Palm Springs itself was Jack Summers, fourteen years later, the Southern Pacific railroad was laid 6 miles to the north, isolating the station. By 1885, when San Francisco attorney John Guthrie McCallum began buying property in Palm Springs, the area was named Palm Valley when McCallum incorporated the Palm Valley Land and Water Company with partners O. C. He also asked Dr. Welwood Murray to establish a hotel across the street from his residence, the crops and irrigation systems suffered flooding in 1893 from record rainfall, and then an 11-year drought caused further damage. The city became a resort in the 1900s when health tourists arrived with conditions that required dry heat. Because of the heat, however, the population dropped markedly in the summer months, Early illustrious visitors included John Muir and his daughters, U. S. Vice President Charles Fairbanks, and Fanny Stevenson, widow of Robert Louis Stevenson, still, Murrays hotel was closed in 1909, nellie N. Coffman and her physician husband Harry established The Desert Inn as a hotel and sanitarium in 1909. It was expanded as a hotel in 1927 and continued on until 1967. Coffman herself was a force in the citys tourism industry until her death in 1950. James Wonders of the Colorado Desert was followed in 1920 by J. Smeaton Chases Our Araby, Palm Springs and the Garden of the Sun, which also served to promote the area
Palm Springs, California
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Downtown Palm Springs
Palm Springs, California
Palm Springs, California
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A 1950s postcard publicizing one of the many hotels sprouting in Palm Springs during the early-to-mid-20th century
Palm Springs, California
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The San Jacinto Mountains border Palm Springs to the west.
27.
Perris, California
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Perris is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, located 17.6 miles south of Riverside, California. At the 2010 census, the city population was 68,386, the Perris Valley was actively settled in the 1880s, a boom period for Southern California. Prior to 1880, the land was used for pastures, the coming of the California Southern Railroad led to the founding of the city around the new depot. The California Southern was built through the town site in 1882 to open a rail connection between the present day cities of Barstow and San Diego. Due to a title dispute at Pinacate, most of its citizens moved two miles north on the railroad and established Perris in 1885. The city is named in honor of Fred T. Perris, the city of Perris was incorporated in 1911. It originally was part of San Diego County, but in 1892 was transferred to the newly established Riverside County. Perris now incorporates Pinacate Station which is the home of the Orange Empire Railway Museum - the largest operating museum of its kind on the West Coast of the United States, on March 20,2007, Perris was featured on ABCs Nightline news show during its Realty Check segment. The story dealt with the trend of home foreclosures in Riverside County. The Farmer Boys restaurant chain, which has locations throughout the Inland Empire, was started in Perris in 1981. Perris is also known for the Rock Castle house set on a hill above town. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 31.5 square miles. Perris has a Mediterranean climate, with warm to hot summers, in the summer, highs average in the mid to high 90s, and during the winter, the lows can get as cold as 25, with averages in the mid to upper 30s. The climate in this area is described by the Köppen Climate Classification System as dry-summer subtropical often referred to as Mediterranean, the 2010 United States Census reported that Perris had a population of 68,386. The population density was 2,170.7 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Perris was 28,937 White,8,307 African American,589 Native American,2,461 Asian,286 Pacific Islander,24,345 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 49,079 persons. The Census reported that 68,146 people lived in households,140 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 1,314 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 120 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,442 households were made up of individuals and 383 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 4.16
Perris, California
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Former Perris railway station
28.
San Jacinto, California
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San Jacinto is a city in Riverside County, California. It was named after Saint Hyacinth and is located at the end of the San Jacinto Valley, with Hemet to its south and Beaumont, California. The mountains associated with the valley are the San Jacinto Mountains, the population was 44,199 at the 2010 census. The city was founded in 1870 and incorporated on April 20,1888, the city is home to Mt. San Jacinto College, a community college founded in 1965. San Jacinto will also be home to the end of the Mid County Parkway. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, the city became a home to many dairies, San Jacinto also is home to the Soboba Casino, a gaming casino owned and operated by the Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians. The Sobobas are sovereign and self-sufficient in community affairs and they have opened an Indian tribal school, the Noli Academy. The Luiseño were the inhabitants of what later would be called the San Jacinto Valley. In their own language, these people called themselves Payomkowishum, meaning People of the West, the Anza Trail, one of the first European overland routes to California, named after Juan Bautista de Anza,4 crossed the valley in the 1770s. Mission padres named the valley, San Jacinto, which is Spanish for Saint Hyacinth, in 1842 José Antonio Estudillo received the Rancho San Jacinto Viejo Mexican land grant. In the 1860s, the Estudillo family began selling off portions of their rancho and through acquisitions, in 1868, local residents petitioned to form a school district and by 1870 a store and post office had been established. With these establishments,1870 is considered the date of San Jacinto. A plan for the community was developed in 1883 and a city government for it was incorporated on April 20,1888, San Jacinto is one of the oldest American cities in the region. In 1883, the San Jacinto Land Association laid out the city of San Jacinto at Five Points. The railroad arrived in 1888 and the city government was incorporated that same year, the local economy was built on agriculture for many years and the city also received a boost from the many tourists who visited the nearby hot springs. The city, and its residents, helped to start the Ramona Pageant, in 1923 and this flight followed another similar historic flight over the pole when Valery Chkalovs crew of three ended up in Vancouvers Pearson Airfield earlier that same year. With these two flights, the USSR earned two major milestones in the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale flight records, the landing site is also marked by California State Historical Landmark Number 989. San Jacinto is located at 33°47′14″N 116°58′0″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 26.1 square miles, of which,25.7 square miles of it is land and 0.4 square miles of it is water
San Jacinto, California
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Panorama along 6th Street to the east.
San Jacinto, California
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Estudillo Mansion
29.
Temecula, California
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Temecula /təˈmɛkjᵿlə/ is a city in southwestern Riverside County, California, United States, with a population of 100,097 during the 2010 census and an estimated 2013 population of 106,780. It was incorporated on December 1,1989, Temecula is bordered by the City of Murrieta to the North and the Pechanga Indian Reservation and San Diego County to the south. The City of Temecula forms the anchor of the Inland Empire region. The area was inhabited by the Temecula Native Americans for hundreds of years before their contact with the Spanish missionaries, the Pechanga Band of Luiseño believe their ancestors have lived in the Temecula area for more than 10,000 years. In Pechanga mythology, life on earth began in the Temecula Valley and they call it, Exva Temeeku, the place of the union of Sky-father, and Earth-mother. The Temecula Indians lived at Temeekunga – the place of the sun, other popular interpretations of the name, Temecula, include The Sun That Shines Through The Mist or Where the sun breaks through the mist. The first recorded Spanish visit occurred in October 1797, with a Franciscan padre, Father Juan Norberto de Santiago, Father Santiago kept a journal in which he noted seeing Temecula. an Indian village. The trip included the Lake Elsinore area and the Temecula Valley, today, over 1,000 Native Americans live in the Temecula Valley. The wine industry was founded by the Californios, colonial Spanish settlers planted grapes, the vineyards were then adapted by Anglo-American settlers and European immigrants from Spain, Italy and France in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1798, Spanish Missionaries established the Mission of San Luis Rey de Francia and designated the Indians living in the region Sanluiseños, in the 1820s, the Mission San Antonio de Pala was built. The Mexican land grants made in the Temecula area were Rancho Temecula granted to Felix Valdez, Rancho Little Temecula was made in 1845 to Luiseño Pablo Apis, one of the few former mission converts to be given a land grant. It was fertile well watered land at the end of the valley. A fourth grant, known as Rancho Santa Rosa was made to Juan Moreno in 1846, the Luiseño and Cahuilla were involved in local battles not part of the Mexican-American War. In January 1847 in the Pauma Massacre, Luiseños captured 11 Mexican soldiers, the Californios in Los Angeles mounted a military retaliation directed by General Pio Pico. In the Temecula Massacre, a force of Mexican soldiers. As American settlers moved into the area after the war, conflict with the tribes increased. A treaty was signed in the Magee Store in Temecula in 1852, in addition, the Luiseños challenged the Mexican land grant claims, as under Mexican law, the land was held in trust to be distributed to the indigenous population after becoming subjects. They challenged the Apis claim to the Little Temecula Rancho by taking the case to the 1851 California Land Commission, on November 15,1853, the commission rejected the Luiseño claim, an appealed in 1856 to the district court found in favor of the heirs of Pablo Apis
Temecula, California
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Temecula City Hall
Temecula, California
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Temecula, 1909.
Temecula, California
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Temecula Valley Balloon and Wine Festival
Temecula, California
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Old Town Temecula
30.
Cabazon, California
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Cabazon is a census-designated place in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 2,535 during the 2010 Census, Cabazon was initially established as an unincorporated settlement in the 1870s after the Southern Pacific Railroad built a railroad station. The station was originally named Jacinto, but was renamed Cabezone after a nearby Indian rancheria, Cabezone was a chief of the Cahuilla Indians so named for his large head. A workers camp named Halls Siding which included a hotel and dance hall was established, in 1884 a new town was laid out by the Scottish-owned Cabazon Land and Water Company which established a fruit farm. Some lots were sold, but were later repurchased, and the land stayed intact until it was bought by a developer in 1910, the developer established a school and a post office but there were few residents. Cabazon was incorporated as a city on November 1,1955, the main advantage of incorporating at the time was that under California law, incorporated cities could host cardrooms while unincorporated areas could not. Over the next 16 years, the city struggled with scandal, political instability, in its first seven years alone, the city went through 18 police chiefs and 21 City Council members. At one point the city was able to raise as much as $19,000 per year by turning then-U. S. Route 60 down Main Street into a trap, but that revenue stream vanished when Interstate 10 was finished in California around 1964. On September 14,1971, the electorate voted in a special election 192 to 131 in favor of disincorporation. The election results were upheld by the courts, and the city government disincorporated in 1972. Discussions about reincorporating the area have been reported intermittently during the 2000s, Cabazon is located at 33°54′33″N 116°45′59″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 4.9 square miles. 4.9 square miles of it is land and 0.025 square miles of it is water, the total area is 0. 52% water. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Cabazon has a Hot-summer Mediterranean climate, the 2010 United States Census reported that Cabazon had a population of 2,535. The population density was 518.0 people per square mile, the racial makeup of Cabazon was 1,751 Caucasian,135 African American,90 Native American,38 Asian,14 Pacific Islander,358 from other races, and 149 from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,135 persons, the Census reported that 2,526 people lived in households,9 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 were institutionalized. There were 81 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 8 same-sex married couples or partnerships,157 households were made up of individuals and 54 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
Cabazon, California
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One of the Cabazon dinosaurs
31.
El Cerrito, Riverside County, California
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El Cerrito is a census-designated place in Riverside County, California, United States. It is an area mostly surrounded by the city of Corona. The population was 5,100 at the 2010 census, up from 4,590 at the 2000 census, El Cerrito is located at 33°50′03″N 117°31′32″W, southeast of downtown Corona and about 15 miles southwest of the city of Riverside. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 2.8 square miles. The 2010 United States Census reported that El Cerrito had a population of 5,100, the population density was 1,836.1 people per square mile. The racial makeup of El Cerrito was 3,542 White,91 African American,54 Native American,95 Asian,11 Pacific Islander,1,122 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,657 persons. The Census reported that 5,088 people lived in households,12 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 71 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 13 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 126 households were made up of individuals and 50 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.67. There were 1,187 families, the family size was 3.82. The median age was 35.7 years, for every 100 females there were 109.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.6 males, there were 1,449 housing units at an average density of 521.7 per square mile, of which 1,099 were owner-occupied, and 287 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1. 2%, the vacancy rate was 4. 0%. 3,991 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,097 people lived in housing units. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,590 people,1,292 households, the population density was 1,545.6 people per square mile. There were 1,331 housing units at a density of 448.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 71. 0% White,2. 2% Black or African American,0. 9% Native American,1. 2% Asian,0. 5% Pacific Islander,19. 8% from other races, and 4. 3% from two or more races. 37. 2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,9. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 2. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.6 and the family size was 3.7
El Cerrito, Riverside County, California
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Location in Riverside County and the state of California
32.
Highgrove, California
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Highgrove is a census-designated place in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 3,988 at the 2010 census, up from 3,445 at the 2000 census, the City of Riverside has plans to annex Highgrove. Highgrove is located at 34°00′55″N 117°19′51″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.2 square miles, all of it land. Highgrove is located in an area of Riverside County between the City of riverside and the city of Grand Terrace. Highgrove is located east of Interstate 215 and north of the University of California Riverside campus, the 2010 United States Census reported that Highgrove had a population of 3,988. The population density was 1,239.0 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Highgrove was 2,104 White,162 African American,41 Native American,113 Asian,13 Pacific Islander,1,388 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,604 persons. The Census reported that 3,982 people lived in households,6 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 101 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 6 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 181 households were made up of individuals and 50 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.51. There were 900 families, the family size was 3.90. The median age was 30.2 years, for every 100 females there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.9 males, there were 1,227 housing units at an average density of 381.2 per square mile, of which 633 were owner-occupied, and 503 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2. 8%, the vacancy rate was 7. 5%. 2,217 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,765 people lived in housing units. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,445 people,1,026 households, the population density was 3,133.5 people per square mile. There were 1,090 housing units at a density of 991.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 54. 0% White,4. 3% Black or African American,1. 1% Native American,2. 4% Asian,0. 5% Pacific Islander,33. 6% from other races, and 4. 1% from two or more races. 56. 7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,16. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 4. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
Highgrove, California
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Location in Riverside County and the state of California
33.
Home Gardens, California
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Riverside Valley Home Gardens is a census-designated place in Riverside County, California, United States and It is within the City of Coronas sphere of influence. The population was 11,570 at the 2010 census, up from 9,461 at the 2000 census, Home Gardens is located at 33°52′46″N 117°30′43″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 1.6 square miles. The 2010 United States Census reported that Home Gardens had a population of 11,570, the population density was 7,435.7 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Home Gardens was 5,275 White,364 African American,126 Native American,667 Asian,51 Pacific Islander,4,500 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8,524 persons. The Census reported that 11,562 people lived in households,8 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 172 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 17 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 306 households were made up of individuals and 123 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 4.19. There were 2,336 families, the family size was 4.35. The median age was 29.3 years, for every 100 females there were 107.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.4 males, there were 2,865 housing units at an average density of 1,841.3 per square mile, of which 1,952 were owner-occupied, and 808 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2. 3%, the vacancy rate was 2. 5%. 7,749 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 3,813 people lived in housing units. As of the census of 2000, there were 9,461 people,2,302 households, the population density was 8,793.4 people per square mile. There were 2,365 housing units at a density of 2,198. 1/sq mi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 47. 9% White,3. 4% Black or African American,1. 3% Native American,4. 6% Asian,0. 2% Pacific Islander,38. 1% from other races, and 4. 5% from two or more races. 66. 5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,10. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 4. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.11 and the family size was 4.30. In the CDP, the population was out with 35. 1% under the age of 18,11. 4% from 18 to 24,30. 7% from 25 to 44,16. 0% from 45 to 64
Home Gardens, California
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Location in Riverside County and the state of California
34.
Homeland, California
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Homeland is a census-designated place in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 5,969 at the 2010 census, up from 3,710 at the 2000 census, Homeland is located at 33°44′31″N 117°6′48″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 4.3 square miles. The 2010 United States Census reported that Homeland had a population of 5,969, the population density was 1,398.0 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Homeland was 3,727 White,130 African American,85 Native American,49 Asian,15 Pacific Islander,1,673 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,110 persons. The Census reported that 5,959 people lived in households,10 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 143 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 11 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 494 households were made up of individuals and 314 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.03. There were 1,351 families, the family size was 3.63. The median age was 36.1 years, for every 100 females there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males, there were 2,262 housing units at an average density of 529.8 per square mile, of which 1,330 were owner-occupied, and 634 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 5. 0%, the vacancy rate was 5. 5%. 3,554 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,405 people lived in housing units. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,710 people,1,572 households, the population density was 1,125.9 people per square mile. There were 1,812 housing units at a density of 549.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 80. 0% White,0. 8% Black or African American,1. 1% Native American,0. 5% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,13. 9% from other races, and 3. 7% from two or more races. 29. 7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,33. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 22. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the family size was 3.0. In the CDP, the population was out with 23. 0% under the age of 18,6. 7% from 18 to 24,21. 1% from 25 to 44,18. 0% from 45 to 64
Homeland, California
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Location in Riverside County and the state of California
35.
Lakeview, California
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Lakeview is a census-designated place in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 2,104 at the 2010 census, up from 1,619 at the 2000 census, the community is named for nearby Mystic Lake. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 3.3 square miles. The 2010 United States Census reported that Lakeview had a population of 2,104, the population density was 645.4 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Lakeview was 1,117 White,15 African American,48 Native American,7 Asian,2 Pacific Islander,842 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,350 persons. The Census reported that 2,089 people lived in households,15 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 31 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 4 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 67 households were made up of individuals and 31 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.88. There were 450 families, the family size was 4.12. The median age was 30.9 years, for every 100 females there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.3 males, there were 599 housing units at an average density of 183.8 per square mile, of which 390 were owner-occupied, and 148 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1. 0%, the vacancy rate was 4. 5%. 1,475 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 614 people lived in housing units. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,619 people,476 households, the population density was 499.8 people per square mile. There were 528 housing units at a density of 163.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 67. 5% White,0. 9% African American,2. 7% Native American,0. 4% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,23. 4% from other races, and 5. 1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 43. 7% of the population,12. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 4. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.4 and the family size was 3.7. In the CDP, the population was out with 32. 7% under the age of 18,8. 2% from 18 to 24,27. 7% from 25 to 44,21. 7% from 45 to 64
Lakeview, California
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Location in Riverside County and the state of California
36.
Mecca, California
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Mecca is an unincorporated community located in Riverside County, California, United States. The desert community lies on the North shore of the Eastern Coachella Valleys Salton Sea and is surrounded by agricultural land, situated within the Colorado Desert, Meccas climate is that of an arid desert, which experiences an average 90 degree temperature. Low temperatures can reach into the 20s, the community sits at less than 150 feet below sea level on the edge of the Salton Sea, formerly the Salton Sink. Groundwater and water transported via the Coachella Canal have transformed the environment into large swaths of agricultural land. The 2010 United States Census reported that Mecca had a population of 8,577, the population density was 1,232.5 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Mecca was 2,686 White,40 African American,47 Native American,17 Asian,7 Pacific Islander, hispanic or Latino of any race were 8,462 persons. There were 142 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 10 same-sex married couples or partnerships, the average household consisted of 4.63 persons per household. The median age was 23.7 years, for every 100 females there were 111.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.8 males, there were 2,020 housing units at an average density of 290.3 per square mile, of which 815 were owner-occupied, and 1,039 were occupied by renters. 3,978 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 4,599 people lived in housing units. 49% of all Mecca residents are employed in Agricultural work, Mecca has an elementary school, but no public high school. 1. 4% of residents hold a degree, with 17. 7% continuing education after high school. The focal point of the community is the Mecca Family and Farm Workers Service Center, in 1999, California Rural Legal Assistance, Inc. filed 30 complaints of discrimination against Riverside County. The County agreed to construct the Farmworker Service Center as part of a settlement agreement entered into to avoid further litigation. Also in 2011, the Boys & Girls Club of Coachella Valley opened its biggest unit in California, located next door to the Mecca Community Service Center, the Club presently serves c.350 children from Mecca and surrounding areas. In the California State Legislature, Mecca is in the 28th Senate District, represented by Republican Jeff Stone, in the United States House of Representatives, Mecca is in Californias 36th congressional district, represented by Democrat Raul Ruiz. Mecca was a location in Roger Cormans 1966 film The Wild Angels, starring Peter Fonda, Nancy Sinatra. This film inspired the outlaw biker film genre, and marks Peter Fondas first appearance as a biker - three years prior to Easy Rider
Mecca, California
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Location in Riverside County and the state of California
37.
Thermal, California
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Thermal is an unincorporated community within the Coachella Valley in Riverside County, California located approximately 25 miles southeast of Palm Springs and about 9.5 miles north of the Salton Sea. The communitys elevation is 138 feet below sea level. It is inside area code 760 and is in ZIP Code 92274, the population was 2,865 at the 2010 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Thermal a census-designated place, Thermal began as a railroad camp in 1910 for employees of the Southern Pacific Railroad, followed by Mecca in 1915 and Arabia in between, each with about 1,000 residents. Permanent dwellings were soon established on Avenue 56, former U. S. Route 99, agricultural development from canal irrigation made the area thrive in greenery by the 1950s, followed by the former Camp Young U. S. Naval Air station converted into Thermal Airport by 1965. In the early 1990s, a highway was constructed over an earlier transportation route. There is a proposal for a commercial aviation Airport known as the Jackie Cochran-Desert Cities Regional Airport in the same site. The Kohls still own significant property in this area, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 9.5 square miles, all of it land. High mountain ranges on three sides contribute to its unique and year-round warm climate, with some of the warmest winters west of the Rocky Mountains and its average annual high temperature is 89.5 °F and its average annual low is 62.1 °F. Summer highs above 108 °F are common and sometimes exceed 120 °F, winters are warm with daytime highs often between 68–86 °F. The average annual precipitation is under 4 inches, with over 348 days of sunshine per year, the hottest temperature ever recorded in the area was 125 °F on July 6,1905. The mean annual temperature is 75.8 °F, the 2010 United States Census reported that Thermal had a population of 2,865. The population density was 303.1 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Thermal was 1,034 White,28 African American,30 Native American,32 Asian,1 Pacific Islander,1,685 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,730 persons. The Census reported that 2,863 people lived in households,2 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 61 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 6 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 55 households were made up of individuals and 19 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 4.19. There were 610 families, the family size was 4.36. The median age was 25.9 years, for every 100 females there were 111.6 males
Thermal, California
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Avenue 56 in Thermal, California
38.
Thousand Palms, California
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Thousand Palms is a census-designated place in the Coachella Valley of Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 7,715 at the 2010 census, up from 5,120 at the 2000 census, Thousand Palms is located at 33°49′01″N 116°23′14″W. It borders the cities of Rancho Mirage and Palm Desert According to the United States Census Bureau, the location had a post office called Edom in 1913. The post office was moved in 1938 and then renamed as Thousand Palms in 1939, the 2010 United States Census reported that Thousand Palms had a population of 7,715. The population density was 326.4 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Thousand Palms was 5,763 White,105 African American,75 Native American,129 Asian,10 Pacific Islander,1,422 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 4,051 persons. The Census reported that 7,685 people lived in households,30 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 165 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 45 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 727 households were made up of individuals and 465 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.70. There were 1,896 families, the family size was 3.26. The median age was 43.3 years, for every 100 females there were 100.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.5 males, there were 3,705 housing units at an average density of 156.8 per square mile, of which 2,227 were owner-occupied, and 622 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 4. 4%, the vacancy rate was 11. 9%. 5,591 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,094 people lived in housing units. As of the census of 2000, there were 5,120 people,1,912 households, the population density was 1,279.7 people per square mile. There were 2,557 housing units at a density of 639.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 74. 8% White,0. 7% Black,0. 9% Native American,0. 7% Asian,0. 3% Pacific Islander,19. 4% from other races, and 3. 2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 43. 6% of the population,26. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 17. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the family size was 3.3
Thousand Palms, California
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Location in Riverside County and the state of California
39.
Chiriaco Summit, California
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Chiriaco Summit is a small unincorporated community and travel stop located along Interstate 10 in the Colorado Desert of Southern California. It lies 19 miles west of Desert Center on the divide between the Chuckwalla Valley and the Salton Sea basin at an elevation of 1,706 feet, the ZIP Code is 92201, and the community is inside area codes 442 and 760. The town has a general aviation airport, Chiriaco Summit Airport, a California Department of Transportation rest stop on Interstate 10, west of Chiriaco Summit, is called Cactus City, an ironic name referring to a non-existent city. Originally known as Shaver Summit, Chiriaco Summit is the point of Box Canyon Road. The land was purchased by Joe Chiriaco, an entrepreneur from Alabama, after traveling west to attend a college football game in the Rose Bowl in 1925, he decided to stay and found employment with the Los Angeles Bureau of Water and Power. He heard of plans to pave Box Canyon Road, so he purchased Shaver Summit and broke ground on a service station and general store. The hearsay proved true, and on August 15,1933, even more bustle came to the area when construction began on the Colorado River Aqueduct in the mid-1930s. This project of epic scale, which brought water to Riverside from Lake Havasu, Joe worked on the project as a surveyor. Around this time, he met his wife, Ruth, a nurse from the Coachella Valley, in 1942, Joe had an unlikely visitor – General George S. Patton. The area would be known as the California/Arizona Maneuver Area, Patton chose a site a mile east of Shaver Summit to establish the headquarters of his operation, Camp Young. During the time the base was active, Joe was visited by soldiers who were drawn “like bees to blossoms” to his well-stocked general store. Operations were conducted until 1944, when the Allies declared victory in the Sahara, in 1945, after Patton died in a freak automobile accident in Germany, the Chiriacos established a memorial to him at the Summit. In 1958, a post office was established, and the town was renamed Chiriaco Summit, a new post office supply depot opened in the 2000s and the zip codes 92201 and 9-2-0-1 designations went to represent Chiriaco Summit. The centerpiece of the museum is “The Big Map, ” a 5-ton jigsaw relief map created by LADWP depicting the area traversed by the Colorado River Aqueduct. The map, later used by Pattons staff, also illustrates the locations of the 11 training camps that comprised Patton’s mammoth operation, also located at the museum is a statue of Patton, which can be seen from Interstate 10. The Chiriacos both died in 1996, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars was dedicated to them in 2015. The businesses at Chiriaco Summit, which include a gas station, store, motel and airport, are now tended to by their son, Robert, Chiriaco Summit Airport has a 4, 600-foot runway. In 1999, electricity from the electrical grid finally reached Chiriaco Summit, freeing the town from its dependence on Diesel generators
Chiriaco Summit, California
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The Chiriaco Summit Coffee Shop, October 6, 2012
40.
East Blythe, California
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East Blythe is a former census-designated place and unincorporated community in Riverside County, California, United States. The 2000 census population was three, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.5 square miles, all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were three people, two households, and one residing in the CDP. The population density was 5.8 people per square mile, there were two housing units at an average density of 3.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 100. 00% White, the two households consisted of a married couple living together and a woman living alone who was sixty-five years of age or older. The average household size was 1.5 and the family size was two. In the state legislature East Blythe is located in the 40th Senate District, represented by Democrat Denise Moreno Ducheny, in the United States House of Representatives, East Blythe is in Californias 36th congressional district, represented by Democrat Raul Ruiz
East Blythe, California
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Location in Riverside County and the state of California
41.
Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians
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The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation is a federally recognized tribe of the Cahuilla, located in Riverside County, California. The Agua Caliente Indian Reservation was founded on May 15,1876 through Executive Order and signed by President Ulysses S. Grant, on 1877 and 1907 the Reservation was extended to over 32,000 acres of land. Since 6,700 acres of the reservation are within Palm Springs city limits, the tribe owns Indian Canyons, located southwest of Palm Springs. The canyons are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and they also own land in the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument. The tribes headquarters is located in Palm Springs, California and they ratified their constitution and bylaws in 1957, gaining federal recognition. For many years the band was headed by Chairman Richard M. Milanovich until his death on March 11,2012, Pass Cahuilla is a dialect of Cahuilla found within the Cupan branch of Takic languages, part of the Uto-Aztecan language family. The last native speaker of Pass Cahuilla died in 2008, Tribal Family Services was established in 2003 to support social and educational programs for tribal members. Other services include cultural preservation, child development, and scholarships, the Jane Augustine Patencio Cemetery provides burial services. The Agua Caliente Cultural Museum in Palm Springs was founded by the tribe in 1991 and it houses permanent collections and archives, a research library, and changing exhibits, as well as hosting an annual film festival. The tribe owns two casinos, the Spa Resort Casino is located in downtown Palm Springs at the original hot springs. The resort at Rancho Mirage also includes a hotel, fitness center and spa, the Canyons Lounge, the Spa Resort Casino, opened in 2003, features gaming, the Cascade Lounge, and four restaurants. Tahquitz Canyon southwest of downtown Palm Springs is accessible for hiking, the Indian Canyons also accessible for hiking, horseback riding, and tours, are south of Palm Springs. The tribe also maintains two courses in Indian Canyon which are open to the public. Bean, Lowell John, Schafer, Jerry, Vane, Sylvia Brakke, archaeological, Ethnographic, and Enthnohistoric Investigations at Tahquitz Canyon, Palm Springs, California. Menlo Park, California, Cultural Systems Research, California Indian Country, The Land and the People. San Francisco, Tree Company Press,1992, a Native American Encyclopedia, History, Culture, and Peoples. Agua Caliente Band of Mission Indians, the Story of the Palm Spring Reservation. Palm Springs, CA, Agua Caliente Band of Indians, Agua Caliente Band of Mission Indians
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Aqua Caliente Reservation in 1928
42.
Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians
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The Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians is a federally recognized Cahuilla band of Native Americans based in Coachella, California. They are one of the smallest tribal nation in the United States, consisting of eight members. As of the 2010 census, the tribe had expanded its members to eleven, according to interviews with Augustine Elders in the winter of 1924–1925, the tribe is of the Nanxaiyem clan of Pass Cahuilla. There, according to Nombre, they known as Augustin. The Nanxaiyem Clan of Augustine Reservation is Coyote moiety, on April 13,1956 the Commissioner of Indian Affairs approved a census roll of the tribe, documenting 11 living members. Roberta Augustine, the last original enrollee, died in 1986, the reservation of the Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians is a one-square-mile tract of land, located in Riverside County, California at 33°39′01″N 116°11′27″W. Thermal, California and the Cabazon Band of Mission Indians are both nearby, the land was left vacant for half a century, until Chairman Green moved there in 1996. Mary Ann Green, née Martin, born in 1964, decided to rebuild the tribe, on December 29,1981, the August Band of Mission Indians was established by an Executive Order. Green was elected chairperson in 1988 and held the position until 2016, under Green, the tribal government, which currently employs eight people, was established in 1994 and their reservation was resettled in 1996. Traditional Cahuilla singer, Tony Andreas, grew up on the Augustine Reservation in the 1930s and 1940s, the tribe has developed plans for both cultural revival and economic sustainability. Improvements to reservation lands include adopting a code and removing illegally dumped garbage. During the 50 years the land was vacant, trash, commercial wastes, carcasses, the tribe owns the Augustine Casino in Coachella. The Augustine Band built the first photovoltaic renewable energy system on Indian land in California, the system is expected to produce 1,900 megawatts of solar energy annually. Morongo Indian Reservation, Malki Museum Press, LCC E99. K27 J3 Home page Augustine Band U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System, Augustine Reservation 33°38′57″N 116°11′25″W
Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians
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Tribal offices are located near the Augustine Casino in Coachella, California
43.
Colorado River Indian Tribes
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The tribe has about 4,277 enrolled members. The reservation was established on March 3,1865 for Indians of said river, initially, these were the Mohave and Chemehuevi, but Hopi and Navajo people were relocated to the reservation in 1945. The tribal seal was created by John Scott in 1966, the tribal flag was designed by Margie McCabe and formally adopted in 1979. The Colorado River Indian Reservation is a Native American reservation in the southwest United States and its territory is primarily in western La Paz County, Arizona, with smaller portions in southeastern San Bernardino, and northeastern Riverside counties, California. It has a land area of 1,119.4445 km2. It borders the Palo Verde Valley in the southwest boundaries, tribal headquarters are in Parker, Arizona. Tribal members mainly lived communities in and around Parker, the largest community, the 2000 census reported a population of 9,201 persons residing on the reservation. The tribe and its territory is governed by an elected council of nine members and overseen by a tribal Chairman, Secretary. These officers are elected from among the council members, the four tribes continue to maintain and observe their traditional ways and religious and culturally unique identities. Laffoon Council Member, Johnson “J. D. ” Fisher Council Member, the economy for the tribe is based on light industry, government, recreation, and agricultural, specifically growing commodity crops of alfalfa, cotton, lettuce, and sorghum. The Colorado River Indian Tribes has senior water rights to 717,000 acre feet of the Colorado River, the tribe opened BlueWater Resort and Casino, located about two miles from downtown Parker, as a tourist destination on the Colorado River. The casino is 30,000 square feet and has more than 500 slot machines, the resort features a 200-room hotel, a 10,000 square feet bingo hall, an indoor water park, movie theater, video arcade, marina, and concert facilities. The Colorado River Indian Tribe Museum and Gift Shop is in Parker, Arizona, and has displays of historical and contemporary artworks, especially ceramics, made by tribal members
Colorado River Indian Tribes
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Map of Colorado River Indian Tribe reservation land in La Paz County, Arizona.
44.
Ramona Band of Cahuilla
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The Ramona Band of Cahuilla is a federally recognized tribe of Cahuilla Indians, located in Riverside County, California. The Ramona Indian Reservation was founded in 1893 and it is about 560 acres large, located in Anza, California at the foot of Thomas Mountain. The land was originally Sauppalpisa territory and was a gathering place for Cahuilla ceremonies. The tribes headquarters is located in Anza, California and their current tribal chairman is Joseph D. Hamilton. Mission Indians Eargle, Jr. Dolan H, California Indian Country, The Land and the People. San Francisco, Tree Company Press,1992, a Native American Encyclopedia, History, Culture, and Peoples. Morongo Indian Reservation, Malki Museum Press
Ramona Band of Cahuilla
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View of the Cahuilla Mountains in Anza, California
Ramona Band of Cahuilla
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Ramona Lubo, of whom the novel Ramona may have been named.
45.
Ghost town
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A ghost town is an abandoned village, town, or city, usually one that contains substantial visible remains. Some ghost towns, especially those that preserve period-specific architecture, have become tourist attractions, visiting, writing about, and photographing ghost towns is a minor industry. The town of Plymouth on the Caribbean island of Montserrat is a ghost town that is the de jure capital of Montserrat and it was rendered uninhabitable by volcanic ash from an eruption. The definition of a ghost town varies between individuals, and between cultures, lindsey Baker, author of Ghost Towns of Texas, defines a ghost town as a town for which the reason for being no longer exists. Some believe that any settlement with visible tangible remains should not be called a ghost town, others say, conversely, whether or not the settlement must be completely deserted, or may contain a small population, is also a matter for debate. Generally, though, the term is used in a sense, encompassing any. The American author Lambert Florins preferred definition of a ghost town was simply a shadowy semblance of a former self, a town can also be abandoned when it is part of an exclusion zone due to natural or man-made causes. Ghost towns may result when the activity or resource that created a boomtown is depleted or the resource economy undergoes a bust. Boomtowns can often decrease in size as fast as they initially grew, sometimes, all or nearly the entire population can desert the town, resulting in a ghost town. The dismantling of a boomtown can often occur on a planned basis, modular buildings can be used to facilitate the process. A gold rush would often bring intensive but short-lived economic activity to a remote village, in other cases, the reason for abandonment can arise from a towns intended economic function shifting to another, nearby place. This happened to Collingwood, Queensland in Outback Australia when nearby Winton outperformed Collingwood as a centre for the livestock-raising industry. The railway reached Winton in 1899, linking it with the rest of Queensland, the Middle East has many ghost towns that were created when the shifting of politics or the fall of empires caused capital cities to be socially or economically unviable, such as Ctesiphon. The rise of condominium investment caused for real estate bubbles also leads to a ghost town, as real estate prices rise, such examples include China and Canada, where housing is often used as an investment rather than for habitation. Railroads and roads bypassing or no longer reaching a town can create a ghost town. This was the case in many of the ghost towns along Ontarios historic Opeongo Line, some ghost towns were founded along railways where steam trains would stop at periodic intervals to take on water. Amboy, California was part of one series of villages along the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad across the Mojave Desert. River re-routing is another factor, one example being the towns along the Aral Sea, Ghost towns may be created when land is expropriated by a government and residents are required to relocate
Ghost town
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Berlin, Nevada, example of a ghost town.
Ghost town
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Prior to the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, Varosha was a modern tourist area.
Ghost town
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Craco, Italy, was abandoned due to a landslide in 1963. Now it is a popular film set.
Ghost town
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Pripyat, Ukraine, was abandoned after the Chernobyl disaster.
46.
Inland Empire
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The Inland Empire is a metropolitan area and region in Southern California. The term may be used to refer to the cities of western Riverside County, most of the areas population is located in southwestern San Bernardino County and northwestern Riverside County. At the end of the century, the Inland Empire was a major center of agriculture, including citrus, dairy. The term Inland Empire is documented to have used by the Riverside Enterprise newspaper as early as April 1914. Developers in the area likely introduced the term to promote the region, the Inland part of the name is derived from the regions location, about 60 miles inland from Los Angeles and the Pacific Ocean. Originally, this area was called the Orange Empire due to the acres of citrus groves that once extended from Pasadena to Redlands during the first half of the twentieth century. The Inland Empire is a region, but is defined as the cities of western Riverside County. A generally broader definition will include the community of Palm Springs and its surrounding area. What is now known as the Inland Empire was inhabited for thousands of years, prior to the eighteenth century, by the Tongva, Serrano. With Spanish colonization and the subsequent Mexican era the area was populated at the land grant Ranchos. The first American settlers, a group of Mormon pioneers, arrived over the Cajon Pass in 1851, although the Mormons left a scant six years later, recalled to Salt Lake City by Brigham Young during the churchs Utah War with the US government, other settlers soon followed. Base Line road, a thoroughfare, today runs from Highland to San Dimas. San Bernardino County was first formed out of parts of Los Angeles County on April 26,1853, while the partition once included what is today most of Riverside County, the region is not as monolithic as it may sound. On August 14,1893, the state Senate allowed Riverside County to form out of previously in San Bernardino and San Diego counties. County and become the seat of what would have been called San Antonio County, the arrival of rail and the importation of navel and Valencia orange trees in the 1870s touched off explosive growth, with the area quickly becoming a major center for citrus production. In 1926, Route 66 came through the parts of the area. The region experienced significant economic and population growth through most of the half of the twentieth century. In the early 1990s, the loss of the military bases
Inland Empire
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San Bernardino
Inland Empire
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Riverside
Inland Empire
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Ontario
Inland Empire
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Yucca Valley, within the Morongo Basin, is halfway between the San Bernardino Valley and the Arizona State line
47.
San Bernardino, California
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San Bernardino /ˈsæn ˌbɜːrnɑːrˈdiːnoʊ/ is a city located in the Riverside-San Bernardino metropolitan area. It serves as the county seat of San Bernardino County, California, as one of the Inland Empires anchor cities, San Bernardino spans 81 square miles on the floor of the San Bernardino Valley and has a population of 209,924 as of the 2010 census. San Bernardino is the 17th-largest city in California and the 100th-largest city in the United States, San Bernardino is home to numerous diplomatic missions for the Inland Empire, being one of four cities in California with numerous consulates. The governments of Guatemala and Mexico have established their consulates in the area of the city. California State University, San Bernardino is located in the part of the city. The university also hosts the Coussoulis Arena, in addition, the city is home to the Inland Empire 66ers baseball team, they play their home games at San Manuel Stadium in downtown San Bernardino. In August 2012, San Bernardino became the largest city to choose to file for protection under Chapter 9 of the U. S. Bankruptcy code, San Bernardinos case was filed on August 1. On December 2,2015, a terrorist attack left 14 people dead and 22 seriously injured, the city of San Bernardino, California, occupies much of the San Bernardino Valley, which indigenous tribespeople originally referred to as The Valley of the Cupped Hand of God. The Tongva Indians also called the San Bernardino area Waaach in their language, upon seeing the immense geological arrowhead-shaped rock formation on the side of the San Bernardino Mountains, they found the hot and cold springs to which the arrowhead seemed to point. Politana was the first Spanish settlement in the San Bernardino Valley, Two years later the settlement was destroyed by superstitious local tribesmen, following the powerful earthquakes that shook the region. Several years later, the Serrano and Mountain Cahuilla rebuilt the Politana rancheria and they did and established the San Bernardino de Sena Estancia. Serrano and Cahuilla people inhabited Politana until long after the 1830s decree of secularization, the city of San Bernardino one of the oldest communities in the state of California, and in its present-day location, was not largely settled until 1851, after California became a state. The first Anglo-American colony was established by pioneers associated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or Mormons, hardworking Mormon colonists developed irrigated, commercial farming and lumbering, supplying agricultural produce and lumber throughout Southern California. The city was incorporated in the year 1857. Later that year most of the colonists were recalled by Brigham Young in 1857 due to the Utah War, once highly regarded in early California, news of the Mountain Meadows Massacre poisoned attitudes toward the Mormons. They sold these lands to new settlers who came to dominate the culture and politics in the county, many the new land owners unlike the sober Mormons, indulged in drinking at saloons now allowed in the town. Disorder, fighting and violence in the vicinity became common, reaching a climax in the 1859 Ainsworth - Gentry Affair, in 1860 a gold rush began in the mountains nearby with the discovery of gold by William F. Holcomb in Holcomb Valley early 1860. Another strike followed in the reach of Lytle Creek
San Bernardino, California
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Downtown San Bernardino
San Bernardino, California
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San Bernardino, 1852
San Bernardino, California
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A view of "E" Street (or "D" Street?) and the Stewart Hotel, San Bernardino, ca.1905
San Bernardino, California
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San Bernardino, California, city and village, 1909.
48.
Victorville, California
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Victorville is a city located in the Victor Valley of southwestern San Bernardino County, California. Its estimated population as of July 1,2013 was 121,096, in 1858, Aaron G. Lane came to what is now known as Victorville and founded a way station called Lanes Crossing. For many years it provided shelter and supplies for making the journey across the desert from the east to San Bernardino. Lanes Crossing was on the Mojave River on todays Turner Road, captain Lane was a veteran of the Mexican-American War who had suffered from malaria during that war. Originally he migrated west to join the California gold rush, and he settled in Ione near Sutters Mill in northern California during those years, but he migrated to San Bernardino in 1857. He settled on the Mojave River in 1858, where he established his way station and he later sold out to Texan John Fry Miller, who changed the name of Lanes Crossing to Pioneer Station. Miller was a rancher and became involved in Mojave Valley politics and that first year, ten citizens cast their votes at Lanes residence, rather than making the long trip to San Bernardino. Census records show that ten people lived in two residences on the river by 1860, listed in Dwelling No.703 were Aaron Lane, William R. Levick, and the Nicholson family, consisting of George and Frances, and their three children aged 9 to 13. Joseph and Mary Highmoor lived in Dwelling No,704, with a seven-year-old female named Anna. The Levick, Nicholson and Highmoor families were Mormon pioneers, Highmoor established a way station called Highmoors Crossing, which was near todays Oro Grande bridge of the National Trails Highway, over the Mojave River at what is called the Lower Narrows. The Nicholson family moved downriver a few miles and established a way station at Point of Rocks in todays Helendale area. In 1867, Lafayette Meacham, a Mormon who ran a way station near todays Barstow area and it crossed the Mojave River at todays Sixth Street. This new road, now called Stoddard Wells Road, was a short-cut across the desert, the river crossing was called Mormon Crossing and the surrounding area became known by that name. In the 1870s, Heber Pete Huntington established a stop, Huntington Station. Also a Mormon pioneer, Huntington was leader Brigham Youngs nephew, the village which sprang up around that railroad facility became known by the same name of Victor. In 1901, at the suggestion of local postmistress Abbey Turner, post Office Department changed that name to Victorville to stop the postal confusion with the town of Victor, Colorado. In 1926, U. S. Route 66 was begun, in Victorville, US66 is marked on D and Seventh streets, with a section of Interstate 15 going towards the Cajon Pass. It is the street through Old Town Victorville
Victorville, California
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Seal
Victorville, California
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Location of Victorville in California
Victorville, California
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Old Town Victorville Veteran's Memorial
Victorville, California
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Rock Faces in Victorville CA. Non-Prehistoric Petroglyphs.
49.
Apple Valley, California
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The Town of Apple Valley is located in the Victor Valley of San Bernardino County, in the U. S. state of California. It was incorporated on November 14,1988, and is one of the twenty-two incorporated municipalities in California that uses town in its name instead of city. The town is east of and adjoining to the cities of Victorville. The population was 69,135 at the 2010 census, Apple Valley is governed by a town council, whose current mayor is Larry Cusack. Apple Valley was home to Roy Rogers and Dale Evans, whose museum was first established in Apple Valley before the museum was relocated to Victorville in 1976, since 2003, the museum has been in Branson, Missouri. The move was made in hopes of reaching more fans, however, Apple Valley is located at 34°31′N 117°13′W. Apple Valley is located at the edge of the Mojave Desert. Apple Valley, in combination with Victorville, Hesperia, Adelanto, the commercial area is split currently between State Route 18 and Bear Valley Road. The Mojave River that borders the west side of Apple Valley, is one of only a handful of rivers in the world to flow magnetic north, the town is bounded on its southern edge by the foothills of the San Bernardino mountains. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 73.5 square miles of which 73.2 square miles is land and 0.3 square miles. The elevation of Apple Valley is approximately 2,900 feet above sea level, Apple Valley is comfortable throughout most of the year, with few snowfalls in the winter and warm sunny days from late spring to early fall. Seasonal high winds occur occasionally in spring and fall, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Apple Valley has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated BSk on climate maps. On average, the warmest month is July, the highest recorded temperature was 116 °F in 2002. On average, the coolest month is December, the lowest recorded temperature was −1 °F in 1949. The most precipitation on average occurs in February, for centuries, Apple Valley was populated by Shoshonean, Paiute, Vanyume, Chemehueve and the Serrano who were attracted to the water and vegetation around the Mojave River. The Mojave people came later and were the group encountered in 1542 by a detachment of Coronados men. These were the first Spanish to come to the Mojave desert, pedro Fages came through the area in 1772, looking for deserters. Father Garces spent time in the area in 1776 and he was on good terms with local tribes
Apple Valley, California
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Location of Apple Valley in California
50.
Chino Hills, California
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Chino Hills is an affluent city located in the southwestern corner of San Bernardino County, California, United States. The city borders Los Angeles County on its northwest side, Orange County to its south, after the Spanish founded Mission San Gabriel in 1771, the Chino Hills was used extensively for grazing by mission cattle. During the Mexican Republic era, the hills were used as spillover grazing from such surrounding Mexican ranchos as Santa Ana del Chino, after Mexico ceded California to the United States it was, and still is, a swamp and subject to flooding annually. Most historical dwellings were demolished in the rush to build, a local state monument is present in the grass lawn area of the local fire department, if one looks closely. Casa Colina, a rehabilitation center now situated in Pomona California. Similarly, the well known hospital, Loma Linda Hospital, also had its beginnings as a tubercular clinic, sadly, most patients admitted for tuberculosis, succumbed to the illness because of the ineffectiveness of pre-antibotic treatments. This land was sold to Richard Gird, the founder of nearby Chino subdivision, for the same reason, Sleepy Hollow became a destination for hippies and artists during the 1960s. During the late 1980s, an effort began and in 1991. Rapid and extensive housing developments followed throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, most neighborhoods are arranged in a village-type format with strategically placed shopping centers and parks designed to be within walking distance of nearby homes. Chino Hills is home to the Vellano Country Club, a golf course and housing development designed by golf champion Greg Norman. With home prices expected to exceed $2 million, Vellano was touted as the most expensive housing development in the Inland Empire, Chino Hills also includes the developed golf course development neighborhood of Los Serranos. Other large master-planned subdivisions without amenities include Woodview/Village Crossing, Gordon Ranch, LaBand Village, Butterfield Ranch, Rolling Ridge, Fairfield Ranch, Chino Hills is also the location of The Shoppes at Chino Hills. The mall features over 65 upscale stores and restaurants, the Shoppes is designed to be Main Street Chino Hills featuring the Chino Hills Government Center and Library in addition to retail outlets. On July 29,2008, a 5.4 magnitude earthquake occurred at approximately 11,42,15 am PDT and it was the largest earthquake to affect the urbanized portion of Southern California since the 2004 Parkfield-San Bernardino earthquake. Some incidents of damage were reported, but no fatalities or severe injuries occurred as a result, the earthquake was felt as far south as San Diego and as far north as Las Vegas. The quake was reported to have interrupted a taping of the show Judge Judy, the epicenter was located at the southeast portion of the Yorba Linda Fault. Chino Hills was ranked 34th in Money magazines Best places to live 2012 and it is also the 6th highest income place in the United States and was ranked as the 13th safest city in the United States in 2008 by the FBI. Chino Hills is a part of the Chino Valley, Chino Hills’ reputation is known in the national arena as well, as it was featured on the list of 87 of Americas hottest towns in the January 2004 issue of Money magazine
Chino Hills, California
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Chino Hills, with the San Gabriel Mountains in background
51.
Hesperia, California
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Hesperia is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States 35 miles north of San Bernardino in Victor Valley. This portion of the Mojave Desert is referred to as the High Desert due to the unique,2015 census estimates report that the City has a total population of 92,755. Hesperias origins began as a Spanish land grant, Rancho San Felipe, Las Flores y el Paso del Cajon, the first inhabitants were Serrano Indians. They lived in the normally dormant Mojave River bed, but the land was sparsely inhabited desert during Spanish-Mexican rule in the 19th century, the U. S. annexed the region along with Southern California after the Mexican-American war in 1848. The town site was out in 1891 by railroad company land developers of the US & Santa Fe Railroad completed that year. Hesperia was named for Hesperus, the Greek god of the west, Hesperia grew relatively slowly until the completion of US Routes 66,91 and 395 in the 1940s followed by Interstate 15 in the late 1960s. A total of 30 square miles of land was laid out for residential development. They built the Hesperia Inn and golf course which attracted a variety of Hollywood celebrities, the Hesperia Inn also housed the Jack Dempsey Museum. But the main wave of newcomers arrived at Hesperia in the 1980s, suburban growth transformed the small town of 5,000 people in 1970 to a moderate-sized community of over 60,000 by the year 2000. Hesperia is a city in the Mojave Desert, and the California Aqueduct traverses the area, much of the native flora of Hesperia is classified as California desert vegetation, dominated by junipers, joshua trees and sagebrush. The elevation rises from 3,200 feet in the north to about 4,000 feet above sea level to the south. The San Andreas Fault, a tectonic plate boundary of the Pacific. Hesperia is located at 3,191 feet above sea level and is a neighbor of Victorville, Oak Hills, the Mojave River flows northerly through the east side of the city, while the California Aqueduct splits the city from north to south en route to Silverwood Lake. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 73.2 square miles. On the southern edge of Hesperia, where the city meets the desert by the airport to the east, is a somewhat pronounced mesa which the locals refer to as The Mesa. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Hesperia has a Cold Desert Climate, winter is the areas wet season. Average annual snowfall is 10.3 inches, thunderstorms can bring power outages and local flash floods. The 2010 United States Census reported that Hesperia had a population of 90,173, the population density was 1,231.7 people per square mile
Hesperia, California
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A water storage tank with the city of Hesperia logo and Welcome sign
52.
Montclair, California
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Montclair is a city in the Pomona Valley, in southwestern San Bernardino County, California. The population was 36,664 in the 2010 United States Census, Montclair is bordered by Pomona to the west, Claremont and Upland to the north, Ontario to the east, and Chino to the south. Montclair is in the Pomona Valley and part of the Inland Empire region, the San Bernardino Freeway runs through the northern part of the city. The 2010 United States Census reported that Montclair had a population of 36,664, the population density was 6,645.4 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Montclair was 19,337 White,1,908 African American,434 Native American,3,425 Asian,74 Pacific Islander,9,882 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 25,744 persons. The Census reported that 36,268 people lived in households,215 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 690 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 77 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,240 households were made up of individuals and 524 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.81. There were 7,776 families, the family size was 4.09. The median age was 30.7 years, for every 100 females there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males. There were 9,911 housing units at a density of 1,796.4 per square mile, of which 5,683 were owner-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2. 0%, the vacancy rate was 4. 6%. 21,076 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 15,192 people lived in housing units. According to the census of 2000, there were 33,049 people,8,800 households, the population density was 6,482.4 inhabitants per square mile. There were 9,066 housing units at a density of 1,778.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 33. 8% White,6. 4% African American,1. 0% Native American,5. 1% Asian,0. 3% Pacific Islander,34. 6% from other races, and 4. 8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 73. 0% of the population,15. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.7 and the family size was 4.0
Montclair, California
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Iglesia ni Cristo chapel in Montclair, one of the icons for immigrants
Montclair, California
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Location of Montclair in California
53.
Redlands, California
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Redlands /ˈrɛdlᵻndz/ is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It is a part of the Greater Los Angeles area, as of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 68,747, up from 63,591 at the 2000 census. The population was estimated at 69,999 in 2013, the city is located approximately 10 miles east of downtown San Bernardino. The area now occupied by Redlands was originally part of the territory of the Morongo, explorations such as those of Pedro Fages and Francisco Garcés sought to extend Catholic influence to the indigenous people and the dominion of the Spanish crown into the area in the 1770s. The Serrano village of Guachama, located just to the west of present-day Redlands, was visited by Fr, Francisco Dumetz in 1810, and was the reason the site was chosen for a mission outpost. Dumetz reached the village on May 20, the feast day of Saint Bernardino of Siena, by 1820, a ditch, known as a zanja, was dug by the natives for the friars from Mill Creek to the Asistencia. In 1822, word of the Mexican triumph in the War of Independence reached the inland area, in 1842, the Lugo family bought the Rancho San Bernardino Mexican land grant and this became the first fixed settler civilization in the area. The area northwest of current Redlands, astride the Santa Ana River, the Mormon community left wholesale in 1857, recalled to Utah by Brigham Young during the tensions with the federal government that ultimately led to the brief Utah War. Benjamin Barton purchased 1,000 acres from the Latter-day Saints and planted extensive vineyards, Lugonia attracted settlers, in 1869, Barry Roberts, followed a year later by the Craw and Glover families. The first school teacher in Lugonia, George W. Beattie, arrived in 1874—shortly followed by the towns first negro settler, Israel Beal. The city has been visited by three U. S. Presidents, William McKinley was the first in 1901, followed by Theodore Roosevelt in 1903 and William Howard Taft in 1909. Smiley Public Library, a Moorish-style library built in 1898, located behind the Smiley Library is the Lincoln Shrine, the only memorial honoring the Great Emancipator, the sixteenth president, west of the Mississippi River. Famous homes include “America’s Favorite Victorian, ” the Morey Mansion, on Terracina Boulevard, and the Kimberly Crest House and Gardens, a museum featured on the PBS series “America’s Castles. ”Named after the family that purchased the house. Redlands is still regarded as the Jewel of the Inland Empire, north flooding the area now known as the Inland Empire. North and others saw the area, with its hot, dry climate and ready access to water as an ideal center for citrus production. The city of Redlands was soon established by Frank E. Brown, an engineer, and E. G. Judson. They named their city “Redlands” after the color of the adobe soil, so large had the area grown by 1888 that it was decided to incorporate. A red-letter day in the Annals of Redlands, pronounced Scipio Craig, editor of The Citrograph newspaper, the original community of Lugonia was absorbed at this time
Redlands, California
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Seal
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Redlands, California, 1908.
Redlands, California
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Women packing oranges at the Sunkist packing plant, Redlands, California, 1943
Redlands, California
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Post Office, erected in the 1930s by the Works Progress Administration.
54.
Twentynine Palms, California
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Twentynine Palms is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It was previously called Twenty-Nine Palms, the city is located in the Mojave Desert in Southern California. It lies on the side of the Joshua Tree National Park and includes one of the entrances to the Park. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 59.1 square miles. The city is at an elevation of 1,988 feet, the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms is located there. Temperatures reach 100 °F on 90 days,90 °F on 155 days, extremes range from 10 °F on December 23,1990 to 118 °F on July 11,1961. Twentynine Palms was named for the trees found there in 1852 by Col. Henry Washington while surveying the San Bernardino base line. A post office was established in 1927, nearby is a small Indian reservation belonging to the Twentynine Palms Band of Mission Indians. The Joshua Tree National Park wilderness area lies just alongside to the South of Twentynine Palms was designated a National Monument in 1936. The nearby Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms was founded in 1952 and its population as of July 1,2013 was estimated at 25,768. As of the census of 2010, there were 25,048 people,8,095 households, the population density was 423.5 people per square mile. There were 9,431 housing units at a density of 159.5 per square mile, of which 2,742 were owner-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3. 6%, the vacancy rate was 9. 2%. 6,876 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 14,825 people lived in housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 71. 6%, White,8. 2% African American,1. 3% Native American,3. 9% Asian,1. 4% Pacific Islander,6. 7% from other races, and 6. 9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20. 8% of the population, the Census reported that 21,701 people lived in households, and 3,347 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters. There were 5. 0% unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1. 6% same-sex married couples or partnerships,21. 1% of households were made up of individuals and 5. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the family size was 3.10
Twentynine Palms, California
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Northeast view of Twentynine Palms from Donnell Hill on the south side of town
Twentynine Palms, California
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Location in San Bernardino County and the state of California
55.
Upland, California
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Upland is a city in San Bernardino County, California, in the United States. The municipality is located at an elevation of 1,242 feet, as of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 73,732, up from 68,393 at the 2000 census. It was incorporated on May 15,1906, after previously being named North Ontario, Upland is located at the foot of the highest part of the San Gabriel Mountains. The city is part of the Inland Empire, an area situated directly east of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Upland originally was a colony established by George and William Chaffey. When founded, it was a rural town based on agriculture, specifically citrus fruits. A trolley line in the broad, tree-lined median of Euclid Avenue formerly connected Upland to the Southern Pacific Railroad line in Ontario, the trolley was pulled from Ontario to Upland by a mule, which then climbed aboard an attached trailer for the ride back down. Present-day Upland maintains many of the features, most specifically Euclid Avenue as well as many of the older, adobe. Upland is located at the foot of the San Gabriel Mountains on an east-west trail that was used by the Indians and Spanish missionaries, to the west, the trail led to the San Gabriel Mission, which Spanish Missionaries built in 1771. Anzas route went through Yuma, the San Gorgonio Pass and through the San Bemardino Valley, in 1775, Anza led a second expedition consisting of more than 240 people on a journey of over two thousand miles to the San Francisco Bay. En route, the reached the San Gabriel Mission on January 4,1776. The expedition reached the San Francisco Bay on June 27,1776, five years later, in 1781, Spanish settlers followed Anzas route to found the city of Los Angeles a few miles west of the San Gabriel Mission. Following the Anza expedition, the San Gabriel Mission became an important stopping place for expeditions traveling between Arizona and California. In 1810, a party of missionaries, soldiers, and Native Americans from San Gabriel mission, on the 20th of May,1810, they came into the San Bernardino Valley. This, according to the Roman Catholic Calendar of Saints, was the feast day of Saint Bernardino of Siena, the expedition named the area around Upland Cucamonga, which in the Tongvan language meant sand place. Jedediah Smith of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company was the first American to enter California overland and he started from the Yellowstone River, August,1826, with a party of fifteen men. Their course was down the Colorado River to the Mojave, where they found two Native Americans, who guided them across the desert to San Gabriel Mission. Smith pioneered the route over the Cajon Pass, where he joined the foothill route established by Anza
Upland, California
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Upland in 1906.
Upland, California
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Upland City Hall (left) and Upland Public Library (right)
Upland, California
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Madonna of the Trail statue in Upland
56.
Yucaipa, California
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Yucaipa is a city located 10 miles east of San Bernardino, in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The population was 51,367 at the 2010 census, up from 41,207 at the 2000 census, according to San Bernardino County, the projected population in 2012 is 58,187. Yucaipa has the distinction of being the former, longtime home of a population of Serrano Indians and was also known for being the home base of what is now Stater Bros. Yucaipa City is located in the southwestern United States, in southeastern California and this city is approximately 2,600 ft above sea level. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 27.8 square miles. Yucaipa is home to Yucaipa Regional Park, Flag Hill Veterans Memorial Park, Seventh Street Park, I Street Park, and Wildwood Park. Recently added was the Yucaipa Community Park, the Bryant Glen Sports Complex, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Yucaipa has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated Csb on climate maps. The 2010 United States Census reported that Yucaipa had a population of 51,367, the population density was 1,841.5 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Yucaipa was 40,824 White,837 African American,485 Native American,1,431 Asian,74 Pacific Islander,5,589 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 13,943 persons. The Census reported that 50,813 people lived in households,227 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 1,061 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 114 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 4,198 households were made up of individuals and 1,970 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.79. There were 13,099 families, the family size was 3.29. The median age was 37.8 years, for every 100 females there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males, there were 19,642 housing units at an average density of 704.2 per square mile, of which 13,503 were owner-occupied, and 4,728 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3. 0%, the vacancy rate was 9. 0%. 37,165 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 13,648 people lived in housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, Yucaipa had a household income of $59,428. Since the city incorporated in 1989, it has experienced a significant level of growth, as of the census of 2000, Yucaipa had 41,207 residents,15,193 households, and 10,680 families
Yucaipa, California
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Yucaipa City Hall, with San Bernardino Peak in the background
57.
Crestline, California
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Crestline is a census-designated place in the San Bernardino Mountains of San Bernardino County, California, USA. The population was 10,770 at the 2010 census, up from 10,218 at the 2000 census, Crestline is located at 34°14′33″N 117°17′24″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, Crestline has an area of 14.0 square miles. 13.8 square miles of it is land and 0.1 square miles of it is water, Crestline is located within the San Bernardino National Forest, Lake Gregory is located in the center of Crestline. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Crestline has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, the 2010 United States Census reported that Crestline had a population of 10,770. The population density was 770.4 people per square mile, the racial makeup of Crestline was 9,289 White,107 African American,135 Native American,96 Asian,20 Pacific Islander,526 from other races, and 597 from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,775 persons, the Census reported that 10,723 people lived in households,39 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 8 were institutionalized. There were 309 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 57 Homosexual,1,190 households were made up of individuals and 362 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46, there were 2,806 families, the average family size was 2.97. The median age was 43.3 years, for every 100 females there were 103.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.5 males, there were 7,333 housing units at an average density of 524.6 per square mile, of which 3,123 were owner-occupied, and 1,237 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 6. 7%, the vacancy rate was 13. 8%. 7,463 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 3,260 people lived in housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, Crestline had a household income of $50,079. As of the census of 2000, there were 10,218 people,4,000 households, the population density was 940.4 inhabitants per square mile. There were 6,695 housing units at a density of 616.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 88. 0% White,0. 8% African American,1. 1% Native American,0. 6% Asian,0. 2% Pacific Islander,5. 0% from other races, and 4. 3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10. 5% of the population,24. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
Crestline, California
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Lake Gregory
Crestline, California
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Location in San Bernardino County and the state of California
58.
Oak Glen, San Bernardino County, California
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Oak Glen is a census-designated place situated between the San Bernardino Mountains and the Little San Bernardino Mountains in San Bernardino County, California, United States. Oak Glen is located 15 miles east of San Bernardino, at an elevation of 4,734 feet, the population was 638 at the 2010 census. The original settlers, the Cahuilla and the Serrano, harvested acorns, according to Huell Howsers 2005 Californias Gold profile, the potato was the original crop grown by the first Caucasians to settle in the area. Although Oak Glen grew apples mainly for export, in the 1940s several farms began to sell apples, apple pies, apple cider and apple butter at roadside stands. The export trade has virtually disappeared, and growers now earn much of their revenue from visitors who are allowed to pick apples directly off the trees at some of the orchards. One of the most scenic spots in Southern California is nestled in the heart of Apple Country in Oak Glen, California where the summers are cooler. The five mile scenic loop of 30+ ranches, farms and businesses are open year-round and you will see one of the most scenic byways Southern California has to offer. Enoch Parrish opened the first apple orchard in 1876, followed by the Wilshire family, the Rivers brothers and their families came to Oak Glen in 1906. Their orchard, Los Rios Rancho, is still in operation, as are many of the original orchards. The Law family came into the area with its own orchard in the early 1930s and built the first roadside packinghouse, first restaurant. In 1996 a wildland trust came to Oak Glen and offers an area and hiking trails. A large number of families make a visit to Oak Glen for a number of festivities, the original settlers to Oak Glen were the Cahuilla and the Serrano. They harvested acorns for survival in Oak Glen, the unique climate and elevation was perfect for growing large black acorns, a favorite among the locals. The evidence can still be found along the streambeds where the acorns were leached over 100 years ago, although the main crop of Oak Glen was apples since the 1940s, it hasn’t always been Oak Glen’s only crop. The potato along with other crops, were grown in Oak Glen since the 1890s. Today many of the heirloom varieties still exist today even though many of them have been since lost in time, according to the Los Angeles Times, the town in Tamara Thornes horror novel Moonfall is based on Oak Glen. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 15.1 square miles,99. 97% of it land, the 2010 United States Census reported that Oak Glen had a population of 638. The population density was 42.2 people per square mile, the racial makeup of Oak Glen was 545 White,50 African American,13 Native American,2 Asian,1 Pacific Islander,14 from other races, and 13 from two or more races
Oak Glen, San Bernardino County, California
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Rustic storefronts in Oak Glen, California
Oak Glen, San Bernardino County, California
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One of Oak Glen's apple orchards
59.
Mentone, California
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Mentone is a census-designated place in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The population was 8,720 at the 2010 census, up from 7,803 at the 2000 census and it is located at 34°3′53″N 117°7′13″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, it has an area of 6.2 square miles,6.2 square miles of it is land and 0. 19% is water. Mentone is a railroad town and health spa. It was named for Menton, France, the 2010 United States Census reported that Mentone had a population of 8,720. The population density was 1,398.8 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Mentone was 6,114 White,438 African American,122 Native American,352 Asian,32 Pacific Islander,1,234 from other races, hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3,085 persons. The Census reported that 8,601 people lived in households,64 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 222 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 24 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 674 households were made up of individuals and 180 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.84. There were 2,159 families, the family size was 3.31. The median age was 33.7 years, for every 100 females there were 97.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.4 males, there were 3,273 housing units at an average density of 525.0 per square mile, of which 1,844 were owner-occupied, and 1,182 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2. 7%, the vacancy rate was 8. 3%. 5,371 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 3,230 people lived in housing units. During 2009–2013, Mentone had a household income of $58,178. As of the census of 2000, there were 7,803 people,2,757 households, the population density was 1,252.7 inhabitants per square mile. There were 2,946 housing units at a density of 473.0 per square mile. The racial makeup was 74. 5% White,4. 7% African American,1. 1% Native American,3. 0% Asian,0. 2% Pacific Islander,12. 4% from other races, and 4. 1% from two or more races
Mentone, California
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Location in San Bernardino County and the state of California
60.
Muscoy, California
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Muscoy is a census-designated place in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The population was 10,644 at the 2010 census, up from 8,919 at the 2000 census, Muscoy shares zip code 92407 with northwest San Bernardino, Californias Verdemont neighborhood, Devore Heights, and Arrowhead Farms. Residents enjoy a setting with large lots where they can raise horses and other livestock, nursery plants. For this purpose, much of Muscoy is included in the county Additional Agriculture overlay and this overlay specifies types and quantities of animals that may be kept on each parcel. A distinctive feature of Muscoy life today is motor vehicles and equestrians sharing the roadways, Muscoy was developed in the mid-1890s as a community designed to accommodate family agricultural enterprises. Roads and water service were developed to one to ten acre parcels. Vineyards, orchards and various crops were planted and cultivated. After World War II, population growth accelerated and the area began a transition from use to a more suburban residential character. During the 1950s and 1960s, the San Bernardino area became a stop during road trips. This resulted in more shops opening up to serve the needs of travelers, in 1989, a gasoline pipeline explosion caused much loss of life. Muscoy is located at 34°9′22″N 117°20′48″W, elevation ranges from 1240 in the south to 1600 in the north. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 3.1 square miles,99. 87% of it is land and 0. 13% is water. Muscoy is bordered on the west by Lytle Creek wash, most of the time a dry river bed, the 2010 United States Census reported that Muscoy had a population of 10,644. The population density was 3,382.4 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Muscoy was 4,459 White,454 African American,125 Native American,101 Asian,16 Pacific Islander,4,992 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 8,824 persons. The Census reported that 10,355 people lived in households,289 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 236 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 16 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 197 households were made up of individuals and 68 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 4.64. There were 1,933 families, the family size was 4.76
Muscoy, California
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Location in San Bernardino County and the state of California
61.
Needles, California
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Needles is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It lies on the banks of the Colorado River in the Mohave Valley subregion of the Mojave Desert, near the borders of Arizona and Nevada. It is also the easternmost city of the Greater Los Angeles area, the city is accessible via Interstate 40 and U. S. Route 95. The population was 4,844 at the 2010 census, up from 4,830 at the 2000 census. Needles was named after The Needles, a group of pinnacles, the large Mohave Native American community shares the nearby Fort Mojave Indian Reservation and the town. Needles is a gateway to the Mojave National Preserve, in the Mohave language, they call themselves the ʼAha Makhav. Their name comes from two words, ʼaha, meaning river, and makhav, meaning along or beside, the historic Mojave Road now goes through the Mojave National Preserve. Along it, in 1859, Fort Mojave was built to protect new pioneer immigrants to California, the city was founded in May 1883 as a result of the construction of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway which originally crossed the Colorado River at this point. The name was derived from the Needles, pointed mountain peaks where the holes in them. This point on the Colorado River was a site for such a bridge, lacking firm banks. Additionally, the bridge was not of the best quality, which led to criticism that it was a flimsy looking structure, the flooding and meandering of the Colorado River destroyed the bridge in 1884,1886 and 1888. Finally the railroad surrendered to nature and built a high cantilever bridge at a much narrower point with solid rock footings, ten miles downstream near modern Topock, completing it in May 1890. Originally a tent town for construction crews, the railroad company built a hotel, car sheds, shops. Within a month the town boasted a Chinese washhouse, a newsstand, a restaurant, a couple of general stores. The town became the largest port on the river above Yuma, the landmark building is on the National Register of Historic Places and is being restored. Needles was a stop on the historic U. S. Route 66 highway from the 1920s through the 1960s. For immigrants from the Midwest Dust Bowl in the 1930s it was the first town that marked their arrival in California, the city is lined with motels and other shops from that era. The Cartys Camp which appears briefly in The Grapes of Wrath as the Joad family enters California from Arizona is now a ghost tourist court, Needles is a tourism and recreation center, a tradition going back for decades
Needles, California
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City sign
Needles, California
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The El Garces Hotel, a Harvey House, undergoing restoration in 2007
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John Lorimer was the first mayor of Needles. John's son Robert Burns Lorimer established the first volunteer fire department.
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Tony Hawk at the opening of the Needles Skate Park on January 3, 2004.
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Wrightwood, California
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Wrightwood is a census-designated place in San Bernardino County, California. It sits at an elevation of 5,935 feet, the population was 4,525 at the 2010 census, up from the population of 3,837 at the 2000 census. Early ski enthusiasts discovered the north facing slopes of the San Gabriels above the Swarthout Valley, until 1937 the ski area, originally known as Big Pines were part of a Los Angeles County Park. As highways were developed coming out of the routes in the Cajon Pass, Wrightwood became an easy destination. Through the last 60 years, Wrightwood has evolved from a community to home to over 4000 full-time residents. At nearly 6000 feet in elevation, its valley is protected by the Blue Ridge to the South. In August 2016, a portion of population of Wrightwood was evacuated as part of mandatory evacuations of over 82,000 people in San Bernardino County due to the Blue Cut Fire, Wrightwood is located at 34°21′21″N 117°37′45″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 5.9 square miles,99. 94% of it land and 0. 06% of it water. The 2010 US Census reported that Wrightwood had a population of 4,525, the population density was 763.2 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Wrightwood was 4,126 White,38 African American,28 Native American,51 Asian,7 Pacific Islander,112 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 538 persons. The Census reported that 4,525 people lived in households,0 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 113 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 13 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 476 households were made up of individuals and 161 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.44. There were 1,268 families, the family size was 2.91. The median age was 44.3 years, for every 100 females there were 105.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.8 males, there were 2,686 housing units at an average density of 453.0 per square mile, of which 1,390 were owner-occupied, and 467 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2. 8%, the vacancy rate was 10. 6%. 3,346 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,179 people lived in housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, Wrightwood had a household income of $72,231
Wrightwood, California
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Downtown Wrightwood is dotted with many old resort cabins from the 1930s
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A summertime view of the Mountain High resort, with the east and west trails visible.
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Coachella Valley
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It is the northernmost extent of the vast trough which includes the Salton Sea, the Imperial Valley and the Gulf of California. The San Andreas Fault crosses the valley from the Chocolate Mountains in the southeast corner, the fault is easily visible along its northern length as a strip of greenery against an otherwise bare mountain. The Chocolate Mountains are home to a United States Navy live gunnery range and are mostly off-limits to the public, in comparison to the Inland Empire, some people refer to the IEs sub-region Coachella Valley as the Desert Empire to differentiate it from the neighboring Imperial Valley. Geographers and geologists sometimes call the area, along with the Imperial Valley to the south, the valley connects with the Greater Los Angeles area to the west via the San Gorgonio Pass, a major transportation corridor that includes I-10 and the Union Pacific Railroad. The valley is part of the 13th-largest metropolitan area in the United States, the famous desert resort cities of Palm Springs and Palm Desert lie in the Coachella Valley.5 million annual conventioneers and tourists. The local population rounds up to almost 500,000 in April, declines to 200,000 in July, there is some contention as to the origin of the name. Early maps show the area as Conchilla, the Spanish word for seashell, since the area was once a part of a vast inland sea, tiny fossilized mollusk shells can be found in just about every remote area. Local lore explains the change in the name from Conchilla to Coachella as a made by the map-makers contracted to transcribe the data supplied by the Southern Pacific Railroads survey party. Rather than redraw the expensive maps, the railroad chose to begin calling the area by the misspelled name Coachella rather than its traditional name Conchilla. Some believe that the name Coachella was simply made up, cindarella Courtney was the first non-Indian child born in Indio in 1898. The first boy, David Elgin, was born in 1899, the coming in 1926 of U. S. So too did the coming of State Highway 111 in the early 1930s, the standard was refined and adopted worldwide. Doctor McCarroll is memorialized by a stretch of I-10 through Indio named in her honor, the Coachella Valley was popular among celebrities from Frank Sinatra to Dakota Fanning who came and continue to come to enjoy vacations and winter homes in the desert resort community. Also it became a real estate destination in the 1980s and 1990s no longer limited to senior citizens, winter residents. Families with young children and young adults interested in Palm Springs and surrounding communities for lower cost housing. In a 2003 Condé Nast publication review, Palm Springs was ranked one of the top 10 global vacation destinations, and the smallest one in population. The area is surrounded on the southwest by the Santa Rosa Mountains, by the San Jacinto Mountains to the west and these mountains peak at around 11,000 feet and tend to average between 5,000 and 7,000 feet. Elevations on the Valley floor range from 1600 ft above sea level at the end of the Valley to 250 ft below sea level around Mecca
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Coachella Valley
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Panorama of the view south from Keys View in the Little San Bernardino Mountains, Joshua Tree National Park, California, USA. Visible landmarks are the Salton Sea (230ft below sea level) at rear left, along towards the center the Santa Rosa Mountains behind Indio and the San Jacinto Mountains behind Palm Springs. In the valley floor, the San Andreas Fault is clearly visible. At the rear right is the 11,500 ft (3,500 m) San Gorgonio Mountain
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The San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm as viewed from the top of the Palm Springs Aerial Tramway in the San Jacinto Mountains to the south.
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High Desert (California)
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High Desert is a name used to define geographic areas of Southern California deserts that are between 2,000 and 4,000 ft in elevation. The High Desert generally refers to areas of the Mojave Desert, the term High Desert is commonly used by local news media, especially in weather forecasts, because of the high deserts unique and moderate weather patterns compared to its low desert neighbors. High Desert has also incorporated into the names of businesses. The term is used commonly to refer to Joshua Tree National Park, Twentynine Palms, the term High Desert serves to differentiate it from southern Californias Low Desert, which is defined by the differences in elevation, climate, animal life, and vegetation native to these regions. Comparison example, Palm Springs, California is considered Low Desert, in contrast, Landers, California, is considered High Desert, at 3,100 feet above sea level. The High Desert is typically windier than the Low Desert, and this is the most populous area of the High Desert region, with close to 300,000 residents in the incorporated places alone. San Bernardino Countys portion of the High Desert region contains the most land mass of the four involved counties, the Inyo County portion, north of Kern County and containing the northern end of the Indian Wells Valley, Panamint Valley, and Saline Valley. This is the most sparsely populated area of the High Desert, with a major community. The major metropolitan centers in the region are centered on the cities of Lancaster. Lancaster, the largest city in the High Desert, is located in the Antelope Valley, with Palmdale, the Victor Valley area, which includes such areas as Victorville, Hesperia, Adelanto, Apple Valley, and Lucerne Valley, boasts a population around 335,000. The Barstow area, to the north of Victor Valley, incorporated places are listed in bold. This list includes all places in the broadest definition of High Desert, population figures are most recent information available from the US Census Bureau. Louis LAmours Western novel The Lonesome Gods uses features of the Mojave, popular filming sites The Alabama Hills and Red Rock Canyon have been filming locations for numerous Westerns. Boomtowns that prospered during Route 66 and railroad travel in the early 20th Century including Amboy, Cima and Ludlow, Southern California Logistics Airport is used often for military dramas and action films. Space Cowboys, one of examples that feature Edwards Air Force Base in the 1940s used in experimental test flights. High Desert Broadcasting High Desert Edge Webcast High Desert Information High Desert News
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A typical high desert valley in the Mojave Desert, Indian Wells Valley with Ridgecrest, California.
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The Mojave High Desert is famous for its sunsets; as well as its sunrises, as pictured here in Joshua Tree, California.
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Just after sunset Landers, California
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One of many abandoned buildings throughout the Mojave National Preserve. (Cima, CA)
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Morongo Basin
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The Morongo Basin is an endorheic basin and valley region located in eastern San Bernardino County, in Southern California. The Morongo basin is part of the Inland Empire region, and is considered to be the easternmost portion of the Greater Los Angeles Area, the 2nd largest metropolitan region in the United States. The drainage basin stretches approximately from the Little San Bernardino Mountains north of Interstate 10 in the south, lying within the Mojave Desert, the Morongo Basin is east of the city of San Bernardino and San Bernardino Mountains, and north of the Coachella Valley and Colorado Desert. The Morongo Basin is located within the Mojave Desert and in the High Desert region of Southern California, the areas elevation can range from 1,950 feet in Twentynine Palms, to 3,000 feet in Yucca Valley. The higher sections of Joshua Tree National Park are within the basin, the terrain in the area is a desert landscape of hills and alluvial fans framed by mountain ranges. The Mojave yucca and the Joshua tree are native plants in the region. The basins habitats are home to Black-tailed jackrabbits, coyotes, Yucca Valley Twentynine Palms Morongo Valley Landers Pioneertown Joshua Tree Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms Wonder Valley The climate is arid desert. Hot, dry summers, cool winters with cold mornings and occasional snow, Snow falls in areas above 1,500 feet in elevation. Joshua Tree National Park supports most of the tourism to the Morongo Basin, the Desert Christ Park sculpture garden is located in Yucca Valley and attracts visitors from all over the nation. Sand to Snow National Monument surrounds the Morongo Valley on all sides, local features within it include, Big Morongo Canyon Preserve on the southern approach to the valley. The Pacific Crest Trail passing through it and the San Gorgonio Wilderness area of the San Bernardino National Forest, Mount San Gorgonio rising above the basin on the west, the highest point in Southern California. The Morongo Basin is home to the Morongo Unified School District, copper Mountain College is the only community college serving the Morongo Basin area, located in Joshua Tree. The nearest four year public university is California State University, San Bernardino north of the city of San Bernardino in University Heights, Morongo Basin Transit Authority Morongo desert snail Mount San Gorgonio Natural history of the Mojave Desert Mojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere Reserve
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Twentynine Palms
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Joshua Tree National Park lies within the Morongo Basin.
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Yucca Valley after the December 2008 winter storm
66.
San Bernardino Mountains
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The San Bernardino Mountains are a high and rugged mountain range in Southern California in the United States. Situated north and northeast of San Bernardino and spanning two California counties, the range out at 11,489 feet at San Gorgonio Mountain – the tallest peak in all of Southern California. The San Bernardinos form a significant region of wilderness and are popular for hiking and skiing, the mountains were formed about eleven million years ago by tectonic activity along the San Andreas Fault, and are still actively rising. Many local rivers originate in the range, which receives more precipitation than the surrounding desert. The ranges unique and varying environment allows it to some of the greatest biodiversity in the state. For over 10,000 years, the San Bernardinos and their surrounds have been inhabited by indigenous peoples, Spanish explorers first encountered the San Bernardinos in the late 18th century, naming the eponymous San Bernardino Valley at its base. European settlement of the region progressed slowly until 1860, when the became the focus of the largest gold rush ever to occur in Southern California. Recreational development of the began in the early 20th century. Since then, the mountains have been engineered for transportation. Four major state highways and the California Aqueduct traverse the mountains today, the Morongo Valley in the southeast divides the range from the Little San Bernardino Mountains. Encompassing roughly 2,100 square miles, the mountains lie mostly in San Bernardino County, the range divides three major physiographic regions, the highly urbanized Inland Empire to the southwest, the Coachella Valley in the southeast, and the Mojave Desert to the north. Most of the lies within the boundaries of the San Bernardino National Forest. From its northwestern end, the crest of the mountains rises steadily until they are interrupted by the gorge of Bear Creek, many cities lie at the base of the San Bernardino Mountains. These include San Bernardino, Redlands and Yucaipa in the south, Yucca Valley to the east, in addition, there are several mid-sized to large towns in the mountains themselves, including Big Bear Lake, Big Bear City, Crestline, Lake Arrowhead and Running Springs. Cities within the San Bernardino Mountains total a population of about 44,000, several regional streams and rivers also have their headwaters in the mountains. The principal drainage is provided by the Santa Ana River, which runs westwards into the Pacific Ocean in Orange County, the San Bernardino Mountains are a humid island in the mostly semi-arid southern California coastal plain. Parts of the San Bernardino Mountains have annual totals in excess of 40 inches. Most of the falls between November and March, summers are mostly dry except for infrequent thunderstorms during late summer
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The San Bernardinos seen from near Sugarloaf Mountain
San Bernardino Mountains
San Bernardino Mountains
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The range seen looking south from the Big Bear Valley
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The mountains are named for the San Bernardino Valley, in turn named by the Spanish in 1810
67.
San Bernardino Valley
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The San Bernardino Valley is a valley in Southern California. It lies at the base of the Transverse Ranges. Elevation varies from 180 metres on valley floors near Chino, where it increases to about 420 metres near San Bernardino. The valley floor houses roughly over 80% of the over 4 million total population in the Inland Empire region. The San Bernardino Valley was originally inhabited by Californian Native Americans, including people of the Serrano, Cahuilla, the Spanish missionaries established the Politana rancheria in the valley in 1810, an estancia, or ranch outpost, of Mission San Gabriel Arcángel. It was built to graze cattle, and for Indian Reductions of the Serrano people, after being destroyed in a revolt, the estancia was later reestablished as San Bernardino de Sena Estancia in 1830, and is now is a California Historical Landmark and museum in Redlands. From 1829, the Old Spanish Trail from New Mexico to Alta California was established and entered the valley from through Crowder Canyon, included were all of the original estencia buildings, the chapel, a tile kiln, a lime kiln, and a grist mill. These emigrants first colonized Politana on the Rancho San Bernardino in 1842, don Lorenzo Trujillo brought the first colony of settlers from New Mexico to settle on land provided by the Lugos about one half mile south of the Indian village of La Politana. Later they moved to found a new village known as La Placita de los Trujillos, american settlers in the region included soldiers from the Mormon Battalion in 1847, after the California Campaign of the Mexican–American War was won by the U. S. Lyman and Charles C. The valley connects several open space areas and beautiful mountain. The San Bernardino Valley is surrounded by nature preserves, national forests, once part of famed U. S. Route 66, the San Bernardino Valley is now crossed by two Interstate routes. Interstate 15 enters the valley from the south, and exits on the north over Cajon Pass to the Mojave Desert, Interstate 10 enters the valley from Pomona on the west, and exits on the east over San Gorgonio Pass to the Colorado Desert and Coachella Valley. Joan Didion, in her essay Some Dreamers of the Golden Dream, the San Bernardino Valley encompasses one of two drainage basins of the Santa Ana River, the Inland Santa Ana Basin. Designated ground water sub-basins include, Chino, Rialto-Colton, Riverside-Arlington, San Bernardino, Yucaipa, also, the San Andreas Fault and San Jacinto Fault zones enter the valley along the San Bernardino Mountains and San Jacinto Mountains, respectively. The two fault lines converge to less than 10 km apart in the city of San Bernardino, usually the areas north of interstate 210 and east of interstate 215 see colder weather in the winter with occasional snowfall. Sage scrub and the Yucca plant are the predominant natural vegetation along washes and uplands, other vegetation consists of a patchwork of grasslands, riparian woodlands, and mixed hardwood forests, which border the valley in the mountains on the north and east. The Santa Ana winds blow into the valley from the Cajon Pass, the seasonal Santa Ana winds are felt particularly strongly in the San Bernardino area as warm and dry air is channeled through nearby Cajon Pass at times during the autumn months. This phenomenon markedly increases the danger in the foothill, canyon
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San Bernardino Valley
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San Bernardino Valley, 1909.
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Downtown San Bernardino
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Occasional January snowfall in the eastern San Bernardino Valley, Shandin Hills are visible in the background.
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San Jacinto Mountains
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The San Jacinto Mountains are a mountain range, in Riverside County, east of Los Angeles southern California in the United States. The mountains are named for Saint Hyacinth, the range extends for approximately 30 mi from the San Bernardino Mountains southeast to the Santa Rosa Mountains. The San Jacinto Mountains are the northernmost of the Peninsular Ranges, the highest peak in the range is San Jacinto Peak NAVD88, and the range is also a Great Basin Divide landform for the Salton Watershed to the east. The Coachella Valley stretches along the side of the range, including the cities of Palm Springs. San Gorgonio Pass separates the range from Mount San Gorgonio to the north, the western slope holds the community of Idyllwild. The range is the boundary of the San Jacinto Valley, location of Hemet, it also marks the eastern edge of the fast-growing Inland Empire region. Much of the range is embraced by the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument created in 2000, Mount San Jacinto State Park is located along the flank of San Jacinto Peak. Part of the flank of the range is located within the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation. In 1990 the California Legislature created the Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy to protect the surrounding the valley. The range is a block of granitic rocks squeezed between the San Jacinto fault on the west and the San Andreas fault system on the east. The fault scarp on the northern and eastern side is one of the most abrupt in North America, the height and steepness of the range points out that the San Jacinto fault and San Andreas fault are very active and very capable of producing major earthquakes. Rock slides from the range are possible during major earthquakes in the future and these slides may potentially impact the communities built directly adjacent to the steep escarpment on the desert side of the range. The San Jacinto Mountains, like the neighboring San Bernardino Mountains, are an island above the surrounding desert and semi-desert. Annual precipitation ranges from about 15 inches at the base to as much as 30 inches above 5,500 feet. The coastal side of the range receives more precipitation than the eastern side, most of the precipitation falls between November and March, with a secondary maximum associated with thunderstorms during the summer monsoon season between July and September. The precipitation totals are highly variable from year to year, snow usually falls above 4,000 feet elevation in winter. Above 8,000 feet, snow sometimes persists until June, near the crest, there are often a few patches of snow that may persist all year in shady spots. The range can be thought of as a sky island, as it contains species of flora
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The San Jacinto Mountains seen from Hemet
San Jacinto Mountains
San Jacinto Mountains
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Aerial view of the mountains
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North slope of San Jacinto Peak
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San Jacinto Valley
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The elevation on average is 1500 feet, with the highest points in the foothills south of Hemet and the western slopes of the San Jacinto Mountains. It is home to two cities, Hemet and San Jacinto, the combined population of the valley is over 100,000 residents. The valley is also where the story and play Ramona was set, the valley is also known for being an area of agriculture, which has given way to more urbanized development as time goes on. The first native people settled in the San Jacinto Valley thousands of years ago, later, the Serrano and Cahuilla people arrived. Their villages were located along and near streams and springs and they were hunters and gatherers and they subsisted primarily on small game and acorns. The Soboba Indian Reservation, just east of San Jacinto, is now the home to the descendants of some of these people, the first Spanish explorers entered the San Jacinto Valley in the early 1770s. In 1774, and again in 1775, Col. Juan Bautista de Anza led two expeditions up from Mexico, crossing the Colorado River at Yuma and continuing across the Borrego Desert, for a few years, the Valley was on the main overland route to California. In the early 19th century the area became a ranch for the Spanish Mission San Luis Rey. The area was known as Rancho San Jacinto, when the missions were broken up by the Mexican government, the land was given to José Antonio Estudillo in 1842. This land grant eventually became the towns of San Jacinto and Hemet, there are two incorporated cities in the San Jacinto Valley, Hemet and San Jacinto. The two cities in the valley have experienced a lot of growth since the 1980s, and is one of the areas in the state of California. Hemet has an area of about 27.7 square miles, Hemet was founded in 1887 and was incorporated on January 20,1910. It also makes up most of the valley population, the city is home to the Ramona Bowl which is where Ramona, the official outdoor play of California is performed. Hemet is located at the end of the valley. The city is home to the Western Science Center, and Diamond Valley Lake and this city was also named a Tree City USA by the National Arbor Day Foundation, and is home to the only hospital in the valley. San Jacinto has an area of 25.3 square miles, the population is 45,851 as of a 2013 estimate. It was named after Saint Hyacinth and is located at the end of the valley. The city was founded in 1870, and was incorporated on April 9,1888, making it one of the oldest cities in the county
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The San Jacinto Valley as seen from the San Jacinto Mountains. The bright street in the middle is Florida Avenue in Hemet
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The "S" on the mountains just north of San Jacinto
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Hemet Unified School District Headquarters, built in 2007
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Santa Ana Mountains
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The Santa Ana Mountains are a short peninsular mountain range along the coast of Southern California in the United States. They extend for approximately 61 miles southeast of the Los Angeles Basin largely along the border between Orange and Riverside counties, the range starts in the north at the Whittier Fault and Santa Ana Canyon, through which the Santa Ana River flows. To the north of the canyon are the smaller Chino Hills in Los Angeles County, the northernmost summit of the Santa Anas, at 3,045 feet, is Sierra Peak. From there, the summits are Pleasants Peak,4,007 feet, Bedford Peak,3,800 feet. The next two peaks, Modjeska,5,496 feet, and Santiago,5,689 feet, Saddleback, located approximately 20 mi east of Santa Ana, is visible from much of Southern California. South of Saddleback are Trabuco Peak,4,613 feet, Los Pinos Peak,4,510 feet, Elsinore Peak,3,575 feet is included in a subrange called the Elsinore Mountains, which are west of Lake Elsinore. San Mateo Peak 3,591 feet marks the highpoint of this range. Margarita Peak,3,189 feet, and Redonda Mesa,2,825 feet are part of the Santa Margarita Mountains, southeast of the Elsinore Mountains is the Santa Rosa Plateau, named for the Rancho Santa Rosa that once encompassed it. From the foot of the escarpment, the mountains and canyons of De Luz, Sandia Creek and others below it, the range ends roughly at the Santa Margarita River. Much of the range is within the Trabuco Ranger District of the Cleveland National Forest, the Santa Anas include a number of high-mountain streams that flow for all or most of the year, although once out of the foothills these waterways are ephemeral. The northern side of the range is defined by the Santa Ana River, Santiago Creek drains much of the northern part of the range and empties into the Santa Ana River near downtown Orange. Water from the north-east side of the range empties into Temescal Creek which flows north to the Santa Ana River, the southeast end of the range is marked by the Santa Margarita River, which also originates east of the Santa Anas and flows southwest to the Pacific. Runoff from the southeast side of the drains into Murrieta Creek. Irvine Lake, the largest body of water in Orange County, is in the northwest part of the range near Villa Park. The lake is formed by the Santiago Dam, which impounds Santiago Creek, the climate is Mediterranean, with warm dry summers and cool wet winters. Annual precipitation totals range from 20 to 30 inches in the parts of the range above 3,000 feet. Most of the falls between November and March. The western slope is generally moister than the eastern slope, snow only falls in winter on the highest peaks
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(2008)
Santa Ana Mountains
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San Mateo Canyon Wilderness, southern Santa Ana Mountains, April 2007. Note the chaparral vegetation type, typical of the range
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The Santa Ana Mountains as seen from Mission Viejo (December 2013) - The two highest peaks, Modjeska (left) and Santiago (right), form Saddleback.
71.
Jurupa Valley, California
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Jurupa Valley is a city in Riverside County, California. On March 8,2011, voters approved a measure, designated as Measure A, to incorporate the area into its own city, as a result. The city of Jurupa Valley covers approximately 43.5 square miles and it is north and west of the Santa Ana River, south of the Riverside-San Bernardino County line, and east of Interstate 15. It includes the neighborhoods of Mira Loma, Glen Avon, Sky Country, Indian Hills, Pedley, Rubidoux, Belltown, Jurupa, Jurupa Hills, and Sunnyslope. Residents of the area had voted on incorporation in 1992, however. According to the United States Census Bureau the 2014 estimated population was 98,842, Jurupa Valley is home to the Jurupa Unified School District. Also, Jurupa Valley Station is served by Metrolink, and the city is served by Ontario International Airport, some major roads in Jurupa Valley include the following, Interstate 215, Interstate 10, and Interstate 15. City of Jurupa Valley Jurupa Unified School District web site Jurupa Valley Measure A official sample ballot
Jurupa Valley, California
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Seal
Jurupa Valley, California
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Location in Riverside County and the state of California
United States of America
California
Riverside
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