The S-50 Project was the Manhattan Project's effort to produce enriched uranium by liquid thermal diffusion during World War II. It was one of three technologies for uranium enrichment pursued by the Manhattan Project.
Thermal Diffusion Process Building at S-50. The building in the background with the smokestacks is the K-25 powerhouse.
Sectional view of a thermal diffusion process column
Rear Admiral Harold G. Bowen, Sr., at his desk at the Navy Department, Washington, D.C., during the World War II years.
Thermal Diffusion Process Building (F01) at S-50 under construction (ca. August 1944)
Enriched uranium is a type of uranium in which the percent composition of uranium-235 has been increased through the process of isotope separation. Naturally occurring uranium is composed of three major isotopes: uranium-238, uranium-235, and uranium-234. 235U is the only nuclide existing in nature that is fissile with thermal neutrons.
A drum of yellowcake (a mixture of uranium precipitates)
A billet of highly enriched uranium metal
Gaseous diffusion uses semi-permeable membranes to separate enriched uranium.
A cascade of gas centrifuges at a U.S. enrichment plant