1.
Baronet
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A baronet or the rare female equivalent, a baronetess, is the holder of a baronetcy, a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown. The practice of awarding baronetcies was originally introduced in England in the 14th century and was used by James I of England in 1611 as a means of raising funds. A baronetcy is the only British hereditary honour that is not a peerage, with the exception of the Anglo-Irish Black Knight, White Knight, Baronets are not deemed members of the nobility, but rather, titled gentry. Their social rank is equivalent to the petty nobility in some countries of continental Europe. The term baronet has medieval origins, Sir Thomas de La More, describing the Battle of Boroughbridge, mentioned that baronets took part, along with barons and knights. Edward III is known to have created eight baronets in 1328, at least one, Sir William de La Pole in 1340, was created for payment of money. Whether or not these early creations were hereditary, all have died out, in 1619 James I established the Baronetage of Ireland, Charles I in 1625 created the Baronetages of Scotland and Nova Scotia. The new baronets were each required to pay 2,000 marks or to support six settlers for two years. Over a hundred of these baronetcies, now known as Scottish baronetcies. As a result of the Union of England and Scotland in 1707, following the Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801, new creations were styled as baronets of the United Kingdom. Under royal warrants of 1612 and 1613, certain privileges were accorded to baronets, firstly, no person or persons should have place between baronets and the younger sons of peers. These privileges were extended to baronets of Ireland, and for baronets of Scotland the privilege of depicting the Arms of Nova Scotia as an augmentation of honour, the former applies to this day for all baronets of Great Britain and of the United Kingdom created subsequently. The title of baronet was initially conferred upon noblemen who lost the right of summons to Parliament. A similar title of rank was banneret. Like knights, baronets are accorded the style Sir before their first name, baronetesses in their own right use Dame, also before their first name, while wives of baronets use Lady followed by the husbands surname only, this by longstanding courtesy. Wives of baronets are not baronetesses, only women holding baronetcies in their own right are so styled, unlike knighthoods—which apply to the recipient only—a baronetcy is hereditarily entailed. With some exceptions granted with special remainder by letters patent, baronetcies descend through the male line, a full list of extant baronets appears in Burkes Peerage and Baronetage, which also published a record of extinct baronetcies. A baronetcy is not a peerage, so baronets like knights and junior members of families are commoners
Baronet
Baronet
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Royal, noble and chivalric ranks
Baronet
Baronet
2.
Queen's Birthday Parade
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Trooping the Colour is a ceremony performed by regiments of the British and Commonwealth armies. It has been a tradition of British infantry regiments since the 17th century, on battlefields, a regiments colours, or flags, were used as rallying points. Consequently, regiments would have their ensigns slowly march with their colours between the ranks to enable soldiers to recognise their regiments colours. Since 1748, Trooping the Colour has also marked the birthday of the British sovereign. It is held in London annually on a Saturday in June on Horse Guards Parade by St. Jamess Park, among the audience are the Royal Family, invited guests, ticket holders and the general public. The ceremony is broadcast live by the BBC within the UK and is shown in Germany. The Queen travels down The Mall from Buckingham Palace in a procession with a sovereigns escort of Household Cavalry. After receiving a royal salute, she inspects her troops of the Household Division, each year, one of the foot-guards regiments is selected to troop its colour through the ranks of guards. Then the entire Household Division assembly conducts a march past the Queen, parading with its guns, the Kings Troop takes precedence as the mounted troops perform a walk-march and trot-past. Returning to Buckingham Palace, the Queen watches a further march-past from outside the gates, following a 41-gun salute by the Kings Troop in Green Park, she leads the Royal Family on to the palace balcony for a Royal Air Force flypast. A regiments colours embody its spirit and service, as well as its fallen soldiers, the loss of a colour, or the capture of an enemy colour, were respectively considered the greatest shame, or the greatest glory on a battlefield. Consequently, regimental colours are venerated by officers and soldiers of all ranks, only battalions of infantry regiments of the line carry colours, the Royal Artillerys colours, for example, are its guns. Rifle regiments did not form a line and thus never carried colours and their battle honours are carried on their drums. The exception to this is the Honourable Artillery Company, which has both a stand of colours and guns and this was done before and after every battle. This ceremony has been retained through time and is largely ceremonial. In the United Kingdom, Trooping the Colour is also known as the Queens Birthday Parade and it has marked the official birthday of the sovereign since 1748, and has occurred annually since 1820. From the reign of King Edward VII, the sovereign has taken the salute in person and it was Edward VII who moved Trooping the Colour to its June date, because of the vagaries of British weather. Trooping the Colour allows the troops of the Household Division to pay a tribute to the sovereign with great pomp
Queen's Birthday Parade
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Trooping the Colour in 2013
Queen's Birthday Parade
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Mounted bands of the Household Cavalry at Trooping the Colour 2007. The rider of the piebald (black-and-white) drum horse, working the reins with his feet, crosses drumsticks above his head in salute.
Queen's Birthday Parade
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The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh at Trooping the Colour, June 2012.
Queen's Birthday Parade
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Trooping the Colour in 1956
3.
Conservative Party (UK)
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The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a political party in the United Kingdom. It is currently the party, having won a majority of seats in the House of Commons at the 2015 general election. The partys leader, Theresa May, is serving as Prime Minister. It is the largest party in government with 8,702 councillors. The Conservative Party is one of the two major political parties in the United Kingdom, the other being its modern rival. The Conservative Partys platform involves support for market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defence, deregulation. In the 1920s, the Liberal vote greatly diminished and the Labour Party became the Conservatives main rivals, Conservative Prime Ministers led governments for 57 years of the twentieth century, including Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. Thatchers tenure led to wide-ranging economic liberalisation, the Conservative Partys domination of British politics throughout the twentieth century has led to them being referred to as one of the most successful political parties in the Western world. The Conservatives are the joint-second largest British party in the European Parliament, with twenty MEPs, the party is a member of the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe Europarty and the International Democrat Union. The party is the second-largest in the Scottish Parliament and the second-largest in the Welsh Assembly, the party is also organised in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. The Conservative Party traces its origins to a faction, rooted in the 18th century Whig Party and they were known as Independent Whigs, Friends of Mr Pitt, or Pittites. After Pitts death the term Tory came into use and this was an allusion to the Tories, a political grouping that had existed from 1678, but which had no organisational continuity with the Pittite party. From about 1812 on the name Tory was commonly used for the newer party, the term Conservative was suggested as a title for the party by a magazine article by J. Wilson Croker in the Quarterly Review in 1830. The name immediately caught on and was adopted under the aegis of Sir Robert Peel around 1834. Peel is acknowledged as the founder of the Conservative Party, which he created with the announcement of the Tamworth Manifesto, the term Conservative Party rather than Tory was the dominant usage by 1845. In 1912, the Liberal Unionists merged with the Conservative Party, in Ireland, the Irish Unionist Alliance had been formed in 1891 which merged anti-Home Rule Unionists into one political movement. Its MPs took the Conservative whip at Westminster, and in essence formed the Irish wing of the party until 1922. The Conservatives served with the Liberals in an all-party coalition government during World War I, keohane finds that the Conservatives were bitterly divided before 1914, especially on the issue of Irish Unionism and the experience of three consecutive election losses
Conservative Party (UK)
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Sir Robert Peel, twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and founder of the Conservative Party, as well as the 'most considered' first Prime Minister of the UK.
Conservative Party (UK)
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Conservative Party
Conservative Party (UK)
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Sir Winston Churchill, twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Conservative Party (UK)
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1929 poster attacking the Labour Party
4.
Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)
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See Captain for other versions of this army and marines rank. Captain is an officer rank of the British Army and Royal Marines. The rank is equivalent to a lieutenant in the Royal Navy, the rank of captain in the Royal Navy is considerably more senior and the two ranks should not be confused. In the 21st-century British Army, captains are appointed to be second-in-command of a company or equivalent sized unit of up to 120 soldiers. A rank of second captain existed in the Ordnance at the time of the Battle of Waterloo, from 1 April 1918 to 31 July 1919, the Royal Air Force maintained the junior officer rank of captain. RAF captains had a rank based on the two bands of a naval lieutenant with the addition of an eagle and crown above the bands. It was superseded by the rank of lieutenant on the following day. Badges of rank for captains were introduced on 30 January 1855 and were worn on shoulder epaulets, after the Crimean War a new rank system was introduced which contained the first complete rank insignia in British Army history. A captains rank insignia was worn on the collar and displayed a crown, the rank insignia were returned to the shoulder boards in 1880 for all officers in full dress, when the system of crowns and stars was reorganised. From this time, until 1902, a captain had just two stars, the 1902 change gave captains three stars, which continues to be used. In addition to the badges, officers ranks were also reflected in the amount. Based on equivalent naval ranks, captains had two rings of braid, in the case of Scottish regiments, the rings were around the top of the gauntlet-style cuff and the badges on the cuff itself. During World War I, some took to wearing similar jackets to the men, with the rank badges on the shoulder. This practice was frowned on outside the trenches but was given official sanction in 1917 as an alternative, being made permanent in 1920 when the cuff badges were abolished
Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)
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World War I captain's rank insignia (general pattern)
5.
Scots Guards
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The Scots Guards, part of the Guards Division, is one of the Foot Guards regiments of the British Army. Their origins lie in the bodyguard of King Charles I of England and Scotland. Its lineage can be traced as far back as 1642, although it was placed on the English Establishment in 1686. In April 1809 the 1st Battalion made their way to the Iberian Peninsula where they were to part in the Peninsular War in Portugal. In late July 1809 the regiment took part in the Battle of Talavera, the 2nd Battalions flank companies took part in the disastrous Walcheren Campaign in the Low Countries. The 1st Battalion, part of the 1st Brigade of the 1st Division, was part of the British Expeditionary Force which arrived in France in 1914. The Battalion took part in the Battle of Mons in August 1914, the First Battle of the Marne in September 1914 and the Battle of the Aisne also in September 1914. The 1st and 2nd Battalions then took part in the First Battle of Ypres in November 1914, the Battle of Aubers Ridge in May 1915 and the Battle of Loos in September 1915. In July 1916 the Scots Guards took part in the first Battle of the Somme and in July 1917, in March 1918 they fought at the second Battle of the Somme and in Autumn the regiment took part in the final battles of the war on the Western Front. In April 1940, the 1st Battalion, as part of the 24th Guards Brigade, took part in its first campaign of the war, during the expedition to Norway. In North Africa, as part of the 22nd Guards Brigade, in North Africa, in March 1943, the 2nd Battalion took part in the defensive Battle of Medenine, after the Germans had counter-attacked the Allies. In September 1943, the 2nd Battalion, as part of the 201st Guards Brigade of the 56th Division, in December 1943, the 1st Battalion, as part of 24th Guards Brigade, arrived in the Italian Theatre. At the Battle of Monte Cassino in early 1944, the 2nd Battalion suffered heavy casualties in tough fighting, the 1st Battalion, as part of its brigade, joined the 6th South African Armoured Division in May 1944. The regiment took part in many engagements throughout 1944, including those against the Gothic Line. The 2nd Battalion was once involved in war when it deployed to Malaya during the Malayan Emergency. Then in late 1951, the 1st Battalion was deployed to Cyprus and in February 1952, both the 1st and 2nd Battalion deployed to Northern Ireland during the Troubles in the early 1970s. During the Falklands War in 1982 the main force of the Scots Guards began its advance on the side of Mount Tumbledown. In 2004 the 1st Battalion deployed to Iraq on a 6-month posting as part of 4th Armoured Brigade, the 4th Brigade relieved 1st Mechanised Brigade, and joined the Multi-National Division, which was under UK command
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Regimental badge of the Scots Guards
Scots Guards
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Recruits practicing drill on Catterick parade square
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Scots Guards drummer, piper, bugler and bandsman, circa 1891
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Warrior Infantry Fighting Vehicles of the Scots Guards patrolling in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, in 2008
6.
Dame Nellie Melba
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Dame Nellie Melba GBE, born Helen Porter Mitchell, was an Australian operatic soprano. She became one of the most famous singers of the late Victorian era and she was the first Australian to achieve international recognition as a classical musician. She took the pseudonym Melba from Melbourne, her home town, Melba studied singing in Melbourne and made a modest success in performances there. After a brief and unsuccessful marriage, she moved to Europe in search of a singing career, failing to find engagements in London in 1886, she studied in Paris and soon made a great success there and in Brussels. Returning to London she quickly established herself as the lyric soprano at Covent Garden from 1888. She soon achieved success in Paris and elsewhere in Europe. Her repertoire was small, in her career she sang no more than 25 roles and was closely identified with only ten. She was known for her performances in French and Italian opera, during the First World War, Melba raised large sums for war charities. She returned to Australia frequently during the 20th century, singing in opera and concerts and she was active in the teaching of singing at the Melbourne Conservatorium. Melba continued to sing until the last months of her life and her death, in Australia, was news across the English-speaking world, and her funeral was a major national event. Melba was born in Richmond, Victoria, the eldest of seven children of the builder David Mitchell, Mitchell, a Scot, had emigrated to Australia in 1852, becoming a successful builder. Melba was taught to play the piano and first sang in public around age six and she was educated at a local boarding school and then at the Presbyterian Ladies College. She studied singing with Mary Ellen Christian and Pietro Cecchi, an Italian tenor, in her teens, Melba continued to perform in amateur concerts in and around Melbourne, and she played the organ at church. Her father encouraged her in her studies, but he strongly disapproved of her taking up singing as a career. Melbas mother died suddenly in 1881 at Richmond, Melbas father moved the family to Mackay, Queensland, where he built a new sugar mill. Melba soon became popular in Mackay society for her singing and piano-playing, on 22 December 1882 in Brisbane, she married Charles Nesbitt Frederick Armstrong, the youngest son of Sir Andrew Armstrong. They had one child, a son, George, born on 16 October 1883, the marriage was not a success, Charles reportedly beat his wife more than once. The couple separated after just over a year, and Melba returned to Melbourne determined to pursue a singing career, debuting professionally in concerts in 1884
Dame Nellie Melba
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Nellie Melba, 1902, by Henry Walter Barnett
Dame Nellie Melba
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Melba, drawn by Frank Haviland
Dame Nellie Melba
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Philippe, Duke of Orléans
Dame Nellie Melba
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Melba as Marguerite in Faust
7.
Philanthropist
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Philanthropy means etymologically, the love of humanity, in the sense of caring, nourishing, developing, and enhancing what it means to be human. In this meaning, it both the benefactor in their identifying and exercising their values, and the beneficiary in their receipt. A person who practices philanthropy is called a philanthropist, Philanthropy has distinguishing features from charity, not all charity is philanthropy, or vice versa, though there is a recognized degree of overlap in practice. The literal, classical definitions and understandings of the term philanthropy derive from its origins in the Greek φιλανθρωπία, the most conventional modern definition is private initiatives, for public good, focusing on quality of life. This combines the social scientific aspect developed in the century with the humanistic tradition. These distinctions have been analyzed by Olivier Zunz, and others, instances of philanthropy commonly overlap with instances of charity, though not all charity is philanthropy, or vice versa. The difference commonly cited is that charity relieves the pains of social problems, the first use of the noun form philanthrôpía came shortly thereafter, in the early Platonic dialogue Euthyphro. Socrates is reported to have said that his out of his thoughts freely to his listeners was his philanthrôpía. In the second century CE, Plutarch used the concept of philanthrôpía to describe superior human beings and this Classically synonymous troika, of philanthropy, the humanities, and liberal education, declined with the replacement of the classical world by Christianity. During the Middle Ages, philanthrôpía was superseded by Caritas charity, selfless love, Philanthropy was modernized by Sir Francis Bacon in the 1600s, who is largely credited with preventing the word from being owned by horticulture. Bacon considered philanthrôpía to be synonymous with goodness, which correlated with the Aristotelian conception of virtue, then in the 1700s, an influential lexical figurehead by the name of Samuel Johnson simply defined philanthropy as love of mankind, good nature. This definition still survives today and is cited more gender-neutrally as the love of humanity. However, it was Noah Webster who would more accurately reflect the usage in American English. The precise meaning of philanthropy is still a matter of some contention, nevertheless, there are some working definitions to which the community associated with the field of philanthropic studies most commonly subscribes. The Greeks adopted the love of humanity as an ideal, whose goal was excellence —the fullest self-development, of a body, mind, and spirit. The Platonic Academys philosophical dictionary defined Philanthropy as a state of well-educated habits stemming from love of humanity, just as Prometheus human-empowering gifts rebelled against the tyranny of Zeus, philanthropic was also associated with freedom and democracy. Both Socrates and the laws of Athens were described as philanthropic and democratic, gradually there emerged a non-religious agricultural infrastructure based on peasant farming organized into manors, which were, in turn, organized for law and order by feudalism. Francis Bacon in 1592 wrote in a letter that his vast contemplative ends expressed his philanthropic, Henry Cockeram, in his English dictionary, cited philanthropy as a synonym for humanity—thus reaffirming the Classical formulation
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The Foundling Hospital. The building has been demolished.
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Andrew Carnegie 's philanthropy. Puck magazine cartoon by Louis Dalrymple, 1903
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John D. Rockefeller in 1885
Philanthropist
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Front building of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in Seattle
8.
Liveryman
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The livery companies of the City of London, currently 110 in number, comprise Londons ancient and modern trade associations and guilds, almost all of which are styled the Worshipful Company of. Their respective craft, trade or profession, Londons livery companies play a significant part in City life, not least by providing charitable-giving and networking opportunities. Liverymen retain voting rights for the civic offices, such as the Lord Mayor, Sheriffs and City of London Corporation. The term livery originated in the form of dress worn to retainers of a nobleman. Most livery companies retain their religious associations, although nowadays members are free to follow any faith or none. Most livery companies still maintain contacts with their trade, craft or professional roles. Some still exercise powers of regulation, inspection and enforcement, while others are awarding bodies for professional qualifications, several companies restrict membership only to those holding relevant professional qualifications, eg. the City of London Solicitors Company and the Worshipful Company of Engineers. Other companies, whose trade died out long ago, such as the Longbow Makers Company, have evolved into being primarily charitable foundations, after the Carmen received City livery status in 1746 no new companies were established in London for 180 years until the Master Mariners in 1926. Post-1926 creations are known as livery companies. The Worshipful Company of Arts Scholars, the newest, was granted status on 11 February 2014. The Honourable Company of Air Pilots is exceptional among Londons livery companies in having active overseas committees in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, New Zealand and North America. Livery companies are governed by a Master, a number of Wardens, the Clerk to the Company is invariably its most senior permanent member of staff, who as chief executive officer runs its day-to-day activities. Membership generally falls into two categories, freemen and liverymen, most livery companies reserve the right to admit distinguished people, particularly in their sphere of influence, as honorary freemen. Freemen may advance to become liverymen, after obtaining the freedom of the City of London, only liverymen are eligible to vote in the annual election of the Lord Mayor of London, the Sheriffs and various other City civic offices, including the Ale Conners and Bridge Masters. The livery companies elect a majority of the members of the Livery Committee, the Committee oversees the elections of Sheriffs and the Lord Mayor, educates liverymen regarding the City and its activities, represents the livery companies in communications with the City. A liveryman is a member of their respective Company. When a Freeman becomes a liveryman, the candidate is said to be enclothed, indeed, thereafter only the master, wardens and assistants in companies are seen wearing these at company events. The masters wear them at the Citys formal events, e. g. the two Common Halls and the United Guilds Service, and Lord Mayors Show, wherever they may participate
Liveryman
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War Memorial to London's Liverymen lost in WW1 (on Stationers Hall, west of Paternoster Square)
9.
Worshipful Company of Butchers
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The Worshipful Company of Butchers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London, England. Records indicate that an organisation of Butchers existed as early as 975, the Butchers Guild, the Butchers Guild was incorporated by Royal Charter centuries later, in 1605. The Butchers still, unlike other Livery Companies, continues to exist as an association for members of the industry. However, the Company does contribute, like all Livery Companies, the Company ranks twenty-fourth in the order of precedence of City Livery Companies. The Companys motto is, Omnia Subiecisti Sub Pedibus, Oves Et Boves, from the Book of Psalms and Latin for, Thou Hast Put All Things Under Mans Feet, All Sheep, the Companys headquarters is at Butchers Hall. The Butchers has had several halls throughout its history, the first was located in Monkwell Street, the next Hall near St Bartholomews Hospital was destroyed in the Great Fire of London of 1666, together with forty three other Livery Company Halls. Its successor in Pudding Lane was again burnt down, rebuilt in 1829-30, a new Hall was built at the present site in Bartholomew Close, which was bombed in both world wars,1915 and again in 1944. The Companys present Hall dates from 1960, following the Queen Mothers death in March 2002, her granddaughter, HRH the Princess Royal was admitted to the Honorary Freedom of the Company. Like the Queen Mother, the Princess Royal takes a keen interest in Company affairs, the Butchers Hall and St Bartholomews Hospital have also stood side by side for years, forging links that continue to this day. The Butchers also maintains relations with Commonwealth and international associations. For instance, the Australian High Commissioner and New Zealand High Commissioner are customarily granted the Honorary Freedom of the Company, St Bartholomew-the-Great is the Butchers adopted Church, and is where the Companys Annual Church Service takes place prior to Common Hall. The Honorary Chaplain to the Master Butcher is often the Rector of St Barts, Livery Company Smithfield Market St Bartholomew-the-Great The Butchers Company The Arms of Worshipful Company of Butchers
Worshipful Company of Butchers
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Entrance to Hall
Worshipful Company of Butchers
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The arms used on an inn sign in Sheepscombe, Gloucestershire
10.
Paul Kelly (musician)
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Paul Maurice Kelly AO is an Australian rock music singer-songwriter, guitarist, and harmonica player. He has performed solo, and has led numerous groups, including the Dots, the Coloured Girls, and he has worked with other artists and groups, including associated projects Professor Ratbaggy and Stardust Five. Kellys music style has ranged from bluegrass to studio-oriented dub reggae, but his core output straddles folk, rock and his lyrics capture the vastness of the culture and landscape of Australia by chronicling life about him for over 30 years. David Fricke from Rolling Stone calls Kelly one of the finest songwriters I have ever heard, Kelly has said, Song writing is mysterious to me. I still feel like a total beginner, I dont feel like I have got it nailed yet. After growing up in Adelaide, Kelly travelled around Australia before settling in Melbourne in 1976 and he became involved in the pub rock scene and drug culture, and recorded two albums with Paul Kelly and the Dots. Kelly moved to Sydney by 1985, where he formed Paul Kelly, the band was renamed Paul Kelly and the Messengers, initially only for international releases, to avoid possible racist interpretations. At the end of the 1980s, Kelly returned to Melbourne, Kelly has been married and divorced twice, he has three children and resides in St Kilda, a suburb of Melbourne. Dan Kelly, his nephew, is a singer and guitarist in his own right, Dan performed with Kelly on Ways and Means and Stolen Apples. Both were members of Stardust Five, which released an album in 2006. His biographical film, Paul Kelly, Stories of Me, directed by Ian Darling, was released to cinemas in October 2012, Kellys Top 40 singles include Billy Baxter, Before Too Long, Darling It Hurts, To Her Door, Dumb Things, and Roll on Summer. Top-20 albums include Gossip, Under the Sun, Comedy, Songs from the South. Nothing but a Dream, Kelly has won ten Australian Recording Industry Association Music Awards, including his induction into their Hall of Fame in 1997. In 2001 the Australasian Performing Rights Association listed the Top 30 Australian songs of all time, which included Kellys To Her Door, aside from Treaty, Kelly has written or co-written several songs on Indigenous Australian social issues and historical events. He has provided songs for other artists, tailoring them to their particular vocal range. The album Women at the Well from 2002 had 14 female artists record his songs in tribute, Paul Maurice Kelly was born on 13 January 1955 in Adelaide, to John Erwin Kelly, a lawyer, and Josephine, the sixth of eight surviving children. According to Rip It Up magazine, legend has it that Kellys mother gave birth to him in a taxi outside North Adelaides Calvary Hospital and he is the great great grandson of Jeremiah Kelly, who emigrated from Ireland in 1852 and settled in Clare, South Australia. His paternal grandfather, Francis Kelly, established a law firm in 1917, John Kelly died in 1968 at the age of 52, after being diagnosed with Parkinsons disease three years earlier. Paul Kelly was thirteen years old when his father died, Kelly described his father, I have good memories, he was the kind of father that, well, I missed him when he died very much
Paul Kelly (musician)
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Paul Kelly, November 2007
Paul Kelly (musician)
Paul Kelly (musician)
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Paul Kelly & the Coloured Girls, Long Bay Gaol, Christmas Eve, 1985
Paul Kelly (musician)
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Hotel Esplanade, St Kilda. In May 1995, Kelly recorded tracks for Live at the Continental and the Esplanade (1996) in the Hotel's Gershwin Room. Photo taken in December 2009.
11.
Comedy (Paul Kelly & The Messengers album)
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Comedy is a double album recorded by Paul Kelly & The Messengers and originally released in 1991. It was the last album released before the partnership of Kelly and it was released on Mushroom Records in Australia and Doctor Dream Records in the United States. Track 9, Take Your Time is featured in the 1997 Australian movie The Castle, all songs written by Paul Kelly, except where noted. Shoes Under My Bed –3,31 Invisible Me –4,14 Little Boy Dont Lose Your Balls –1,20 David Gower –
Comedy (Paul Kelly & The Messengers album)
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Comedy
12.
Ted Egan
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Edward Joseph Ted Egan AO is an Australian folk musician and a former public servant who served as Administrator of the Northern Territory from 2003 to 2007. Egan was born in Coburg, Melbourne, moving to the Northern Territory in 1949 at the age of 16 in search of work, later he was a teacher at bush schools. He was a member of the first National Reconciliation Council, Egan was the sole teacher at the Newcastle Waters Station in 1965 and was stranded at the property for six weeks when the creek flooded. During this time no supplies were able to be delivered so Egan had to hunt for animals and he later returned to the station in 2012 for the book launch of Middle of Everywhere about life in the area. Egan began recording in 1969 with Drinkers of the Northern Territory and has released 28 albums, mostly themed around outback life, history and he has been a consistent performer and tourer with his choice of instrument being an empty beer carton played by tapping with his hands and fingers. He has been a writer and performer of contemporary folk songs. Many of these, such as Gurindji Blues, recognise Indigenous Australian heritage and he introduced Rolf Harris to the song Two Little Boys. O. U. Egan was appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory by Governor-General Michael Jeffery effective 31 October 2003 and he was sworn in on 18 November. On 14 September 2005, he was awarded an extension to his term of office by Jim Lloyd. This was further extended for another year to serve until 30 October 2007, Egan has presented and narrated 13 episodes of This Land Australia, a series devoted to iconic Australian people and places. He also wrote and performed the theme song of the same name. He has been a co-host of the lifestyle show The Great Outdoors, Egan is listed among the Australias National Living Treasures by the National Trust of Australia. Egan was presented with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2014 Tamworth Country Music Festival awards ceremony, Ted was the receiver of the National Folk Festivals Lifetime Achievement Award on 02/04/2015 at NFFs Opening Ceremony in Canberra. Egan performed four songs at the event, including one about pioneering women in Australia, egans official website Television interview with Egan Official Administrators site VIDEO, Egan on the crisis in Indigenous Australia on ABC Fora
Ted Egan
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Ted Egan at Woodford Folk Festival 2010–11
13.
Grand Cross
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Grand Cross is the highest class in many orders, and manifested in its insignia. Exceptionally, the highest class may be referred to as Grand Cordon or equivalent, in other cases, the rank of Grand Cross may come after another even higher rank, e. g. In rare cases, solely the actual insignia is referred to as the grand cross, in international relations, in many times the class of Grand Cross is typically reserved for royalty, heads of state and equivalent. Sometimes a holder of the highest class or grade are referred to as Commander Grand Cross and this stands in contrast to the typical practice in other countries where knighthood is conferred at the initial, lowest rank of the order, typically Knight
Grand Cross
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Josef Graf Radetzky wearing the grand cross's star and the sash of the Maria Theresa Order
14.
Royal Victorian Order
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The Royal Victorian Order is a dynastic order of knighthood established in 1896 by Queen Victoria. It recognises distinguished personal service to the monarch of the Commonwealth realms, members of the monarchs family, the present monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, is the Sovereign of the order, its motto is Victoria, and its official day is 20 June. The orders chapel is the Savoy Chapel in London, the organisation was founded a year preceding Victorias Diamond Jubilee, so as to give the Queen time to complete a list of first inductees. The orders official day was made 20 June of each year, in 1902, King Edward VII created the Royal Victorian Chain as a personal decoration for royal personages and a few eminent British subjects and it was the highest class of the Royal Victorian Order. It is today distinct from the order, though it is issued by the chancery of the Royal Victorian Order. The order was open to foreigners from its inception, the Prefect of Alpes-Maritimes, Queen Elizabeth II then appointed her daughter, Anne, Princess Royal, to the position in 2007. Foreigners may be admitted as members, there are no limits to the number of any grade. Retiring Deans of the Royal Peculiars of St, prior to 1984, the grades of Lieutenant and Member were classified as Members and Members, respectively, but both with the post-nominals MVO. On 31 December of that year, Queen Elizabeth II declared that those in the grade of Member would henceforth be Lieutenants with the post-nominals LVO. Upon admission into the Royal Victorian Order, members are given various insignia of the organisation, each grade being represented by different emblems and robes. For Knights and Dames Grand Cross, Commanders, and Lieutenants, the orders ribbon is blue with red-white-red stripe edging, the only difference being that for foreigners appointed into the society, their ribbon bearing an additional central white stripe. For Knights Grand Cross, the ribbon is 82.5 millimetres wide, for Dames Grand Cross 57.1 millimetres, for Knights and Dames Commander 44.4 millimetres, and for all other members 31.7 millimetres. Though after the death of a Knight or Dame Grand Cross their insignia may be retained by their family, the collar must be returned. Knights and Dames Grand Cross also wear a mantle of blue satin edged with red satin and lined with white satin. Since 1938, the chapel of the Royal Victorian Order has been the Queens Chapel of the Savoy, in central London, upon the occupants death, the plate is retained, leaving the stalls festooned with a record of the orders Knights and Dames Grand Cross since 1938. There is insufficient space in the chapel for the display of knights and dames banners, founded by Michael Jackson, the group has, since 2008, gathered biennially. The practice of notifying the Prime Minister of Canada of nominees ended in 1982, in Canada, the order has come to be colloquially dubbed as the Royal Visit Order, as the majority of appointments are made by the sovereign during her tours of the country. Persons have been removed from the order at the monarchs command, anthony Blunt, a former surveyor of the Queens Pictures, was in 1979 stripped of his knighthood, after it was revealed that he had been a spy
Royal Victorian Order
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Royal Victorian Order
Royal Victorian Order
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Queen Victoria pictured at age 81, four years after she founded the Royal Victorian Order
Royal Victorian Order
Royal Victorian Order
15.
Circlet
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A circlet is a piece of headgear that is similar to a diadem or a chaplet. The word circlet is also used to refer to the base of a crown or a coronet with or without a cap, diadem and circlet are often used interchangeably, and open crowns with no arches, have also been referred to as circlets. In Greek this is known as stephanos and in Latin as corona aperta, stephanos is associated with laurel wreaths and the crown of thorns said to have been placed on the head of Jesus
Circlet
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Richard II of England wearing a circlet.
16.
Queen Victoria
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Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she adopted the title of Empress of India. Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne aged 18, after her fathers three brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children. The United Kingdom was already a constitutional monarchy, in which the sovereign held relatively little direct political power. Privately, Victoria attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments, publicly, Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together, after Alberts death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength and her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration. Her reign of 63 years and seven months is known as the Victorian era and it was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire. She was the last British monarch of the House of Hanover and her son and successor, Edward VII, belonged to the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the line of his father. Victorias father was Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, until 1817, Edwards niece, Princess Charlotte of Wales, was the only legitimate grandchild of George III. Her death in 1817 precipitated a crisis that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent. In 1818 he married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, a widowed German princess with two children—Carl and Feodora —by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen and her brother Leopold was Princess Charlottes widower. The Duke and Duchess of Kents only child, Victoria, was born at 4.15 a. m. on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London. Victoria was christened privately by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Charles Manners-Sutton, on 24 June 1819 in the Cupola Room at Kensington Palace and she was baptised Alexandrina, after one of her godparents, Emperor Alexander I of Russia, and Victoria, after her mother. Additional names proposed by her parents—Georgina, Charlotte, and Augusta—were dropped on the instructions of the Dukes eldest brother, George, the Duke of Clarence and the Duke of Kent married on the same day in 1818, but both of Clarences daughters died as infants. Victorias father died in January 1820, when Victoria was less than a year old, a week later her grandfather died and was succeeded by his eldest son, George IV. The Duke of York died in 1827, when George IV died in 1830, he was succeeded by his next surviving brother, William IV, and Victoria became heir presumptive
Queen Victoria
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Victoria wearing her small diamond crown Photograph by Alexander Bassano, 1882
Queen Victoria
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Victoria, aged four Painting by Stephen Poyntz Denning, 1823
Queen Victoria
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Victoria with her spaniel Dash, 1833 Painting by George Hayter
Queen Victoria
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Self-portrait, 1835
17.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
Wayback Machine
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Wayback Machine
18.
The London Gazette
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The London Gazette claims to be the oldest surviving English newspaper and the oldest continuously published newspaper in the UK, having been first published on 7 November 1665 as The Oxford Gazette. This claim is made by the Stamford Mercury and Berrows Worcester Journal. It does not have a large circulation, in turn, The London Gazette carries not only notices of UK-wide interest, but also those relating specifically to entities or people in England and Wales. However, certain notices that are only of specific interest to Scotland or Northern Ireland are also required to be published in The London Gazette, the London, Edinburgh and Belfast Gazettes are published by TSO on behalf of Her Majestys Stationery Office. They are subject to Crown Copyright, the London Gazette is published each weekday, except for Bank Holidays. The official Gazettes are published by The Stationery Office, the content, apart from insolvency notices, is available in a number of machine-readable formats, including XML and XML/RDFa via Atom feed. The London Gazette was first published as The Oxford Gazette on 7 November 1665. Charles II and the Royal Court had moved to Oxford to escape the Great Plague of London, the Gazette was Published by Authority by Henry Muddiman, and its first publication is noted by Samuel Pepys in his diary. The King returned to London as the plague dissipated, and the Gazette moved too, the Gazette was not a newspaper in the modern sense, it was sent by post to subscribers, not printed for sale to the general public. Her Majestys Stationery Office took over the publication of the Gazette in 1889, publication of the Gazette was transferred to the private sector, under government supervision, in the 1990s, when HMSO was sold and renamed The Stationery Office. In time of war, dispatches from the conflicts are published in The London Gazette. People referred to are said to have mentioned in dispatches. When members of the forces are promoted, and these promotions are published here. Man tally-ho, Miss piano, Wife silk and satin, Boy Greek and Latin, the phrase gazetted fortune hunter is also probably derived from this. Notices of engagement and marriage were also published in the Gazette. Gazettes, modelled on The London Gazette, were issued for most British colonial possessions
The London Gazette
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The London Gazette, dated 14–17 May 1705 detailing the return of John Leake from Gibraltar after the Battle of Cabrita Point.
The London Gazette
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The London Gazette: later reprint of the front page from 3–10 September 1666, reporting on the Great Fire of London.
19.
Editor
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Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, visual, audible, and film media used to convey information. The editing process can involve correction, condensation, organization, and many other modifications performed with an intention of producing a correct, consistent, accurate and complete work. The editing process begins with the authors idea for the work itself. As such, editing can involve creative skills, human relations, there are various editorial positions in publishing. Typically, one finds editorial assistants reporting to the editorial staff. Senior executive editors are responsible for developing a product for its final release, the smaller the publication, the more these roles overlap. The top editor at many publications may be known as the chief editor, a frequent and highly regarded contributor to a magazine may acquire the title of editor-at-large or contributing editor. Mid-level newspaper editors often manage or help to manage sections, such as business, sports, in U. S. newspapers, the level below the top editor is usually the managing editor. Obtaining manuscripts or recruiting authors is the role of an editor or a commissioning editor in a publishing house. Finding marketable ideas and presenting them to appropriate authors are the responsibilities of a sponsoring editor, copy editors correct spelling, grammar and align writings to house style. Changes to the industry since the 1980s have resulted in nearly all copy editing of book manuscripts being outsourced to freelance copy editors. At newspapers and wire services, copy editors write headlines and work on substantive issues, such as ensuring accuracy, fairness. In some positions, they design pages and select news stories for inclusion, at U. K. and Australian newspapers, the term is sub-editor. They may choose the layout of the publication and communicate with the printer and these editors may have the title of layout or design editor or makeup editor. However, another editor is sometimes involved in the creation of research articles. Called the authors editor, this works with authors to get a manuscript fit for purpose before it is submitted to a scholarly journal for publication. The primary difference between copy editing scholarly books and journals and other sorts of copy editing lies in applying the standards of the publisher to the copy. K, technical editing involves reviewing text written on a technical topic, identifying usage errors and ensuring adherence to a style guide. Large companies dedicate experienced writers to the editing function
Editor
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"Quarters of the news editor," one of a group of four photos in the 1900 brochure, Seattle and the Orient, which was collectively captioned, " The Seattle Daily Times —Editorial Department."
Editor
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Editors work on producing an issue of Bild, West Berlin, 1977. Previous front pages are affixed to the wall behind them.
20.
Burke's Peerage
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Burke’s Peerage has expanded to provide broader genealogical publications maintaining its premium brand name. Burke’s Peerage has provided authoritative genealogical records of historical families for more than 191 years and its records were originally compiled by members of the Burke family and added to by others to build a unique collection of books of genealogical and heraldic interest. He was also the progenitor of a dynasty of genealogists and heralds and his son Sir John Bernard Burke was Ulster King of Arms and his grandson, Sir Henry Farnham Burke, was Garter Principal King of Arms. After his death, ownership passed through a variety of people, including Burke’s Peerage to Sir Henry Mallaby-Deeley, 1st Baronet, the titles and copyright were all reunited by Shaw’s Reference Series, later incorporated in Mercury House Publications, which sold those in 1973 to the Holdway Group. The new board of directors included Jeremy Norman, Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield, entirely new volumes on royal families, country houses of the British Isles and Irish genealogy were published under the Burke’s Peerage name. Since 1826, there have many editions of the periodical, each offering different perspectives on genealogy and history. The holders of titles became, over time, a specialized area for the publications editors. It eventually became the practice for the Crown, on the advice of the Home Secretary, in 1930 King George V decided that no more licences for the use of foreign titles in the UK should be granted. In 1932 a Royal Warrant was issued revoking all licences then in force, with the exception of those issued for the life of the holder, at that time there were 31 dignities which were allowed under the exception clause. Although later editions of Burkes Peerage were concerned with titles only of British origin, Burke’s Peerage was then bought by Joseph Goldberg, who reprinted the immediate previous edition. In 1989, ownership was acquired by Brian Morris, who published the 106th edition in 1999, in 2000, the Wills family licensed the right to publish Burke’s Landed Gentry. After a gap of over 30 years, in 2001, a 19th edition of Burke’s Landed Gentry was published. In 2002 they bought the rights to Burke’s Peerage from Morris Genealogical Books and they produced a fully updated Burkes Peerage 107th edition which was published in 2003. Burkes Peerage Foundation was registered as a UK charity on 5 February 2014 with the object of advancing the education of the public about genealogy, oscar Wilde famously penned in A Woman of No Importance, You should study the Peerage, Gerald. It is the one book a man about town should know thoroughly
Burke's Peerage
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John Burke, founder of Burke’s Peerage
Burke's Peerage
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Burke’s Peerage
Burke's Peerage
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Burke's Peerage and Baronetage title page (6th edition, 1839)
Burke's Peerage
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Sir John Bernard Burke, Burke’s Peerage & Baronetage frontispiece (62nd edition, 1900)
21.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
International Standard Book Number
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A 13-digit ISBN, 978-3-16-148410-0, as represented by an EAN-13 bar code
22.
Ralph Grey, Baron Grey of Naunton
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Ralph Francis Alnwick Grey, Baron Grey of Naunton, GCMG GCVO OBE GCStJ PC was the last Governor of Northern Ireland. He was created a Life Peer as Baron Grey of Naunton, of Naunton in the County of Gloucestershire, ralph Grey was born in Wellington, New Zealand, on 15 April 1910 the only son of Francis Arthur Grey and Mary Wilks Spencer. He attended Wellington College before going up to University College, Auckland where he graduating as LLB and he then pursued postgraduate studies at Pembroke College, Cambridge and thereafter was called to the Bar. He began his career as a clerk before practising as a barrister. He was appointed a Solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealand in 1932 and he joined the Colonial Administrative Service in 1936, as a probationer. The following year he was an administrative service cadet at Lagos in Nigeria, in 1944 he married Esme Mae, daughter of Albert Victor Kerry Burcher, of Remuera, Auckland. After World War II, he was promoted Assistant Financial Secretary in 1949, two years later, he was an Administrative Officer First Class, quickly moving up to Deputy Secretary. He was appointed an Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1951 and he was Secretary to the Governor-General and General Council of Ministers in 1954, and Chief Secretary of the Federation the following year. Two years later he was raised up as Deputy Governor-General until just before independence in 1959, as befitted a Governor he was appointed Knight Grand Cross in 1964. When he was moved to the Bahamas in the identical post for two years, then he transferred to the Turks and Caicos Islands until 1968. That year he became Governor of Northern Ireland during the period of civil rights marches, the IRA announced a bombing campaign against British rule which reached new intensity of outrage in 1971-72. In the depths of a recession, democratic accountability was suspended, Northern Ireland was subjected to Direct Rule from Westminster. During the same period he was President of the Scouts Council, from 1970 he was also an Honorary Bencher of the Inns of Court for Northern Ireland. Lord Grey of Naunton received an Honorary Doctorate of Law in 1971 from The Queens University of Belfast and this privilege was also accorded to him by Lisburn three years later, accompanied by an introduction to the Standard Settings of Pipe Music of the Royal Irish Rangers in 1975. Lord Grey of Naunton was the last Governor of Northern Ireland until 1973, when the post was abolished in 1973, he was promoted Knight Grand Cross. At the same time he was Knight Commander of Ards, then Bailiff of Egle from 1975, the family lived in Gloucestershire among the rolling Cotswold hills at Overbrook in the village of Naunton, which provided the territorial designation of his peerage title. He was a Council member of Cheltenham Ladies College, where his daughter, as well as regional commitments to Lloyds Bank he served on its board in Bristol during 1970s. Lord Grey served as Chairman of the Central Council of the Royal Overseas League and he was Chancellor of the New University of Ulster from 1980, and then from 1984 to 1993, he was Chancellor of the University of Ulster
Ralph Grey, Baron Grey of Naunton
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Governor of Northern Ireland 's banner
23.
William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel
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Lord Peel is the eldest son of Arthur Peel, 2nd Earl Peel, and Kathleen McGrath, daughter of Michael McGrath. He is a great-great-grandson of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel and he attended Ampleforth College, and then went on to the University of Tours in France and the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester. Lord Peel was a member of the Princes Council, part of the Duchy of Cornwall, from 1993 to 2006 and he was a member of the Nature Conservancy Council, with English Nature, from 1991 to 1996. He is President of the Game Conservancy Trust and was President of the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust from 1989 to 1996, Lord Peel was also on the Yorkshire Dales National Park Committee for six years and became a Deputy Lieutenant of North Yorkshire in 1998. He is an elected hereditary crossbench member of the House of Lords, in June 2006 it was announced that Lord Peel would succeed Lord Luce as Lord Chamberlain. On 11 October 2006, he kissed hands with The Queen upon his appointment and was invested as a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, on 14 November 2006, Lord Peel was sworn in as a Member of the Privy Council. Lord Peel married Veronica Naomi Livingston Timpson and they had two children, Ashton Robert Gerard Peel, Viscount Clanfield, and Lady Iona Joy Julia Peel. The marriage was dissolved in 1987 and he married, secondly, the Honourable Charlotte Clementine Soames, daughter of Lord Soames and his wife, Mary Churchill, daughter of Sir Winston Churchill, on 15 April 1989. They have one daughter, Lady Antonia Mary Catherine Peel, Lord Peels son, Lord Clanfield, married Matilda Rose Aykroyd in 2004. Matilda is the daughter and fourth child of second lieutenant of the Coldstream Guards David Peter Aykroyd. Lord and Lady Clanfield have three daughters and one son, Lord Peels daughter by his first wife, Lady Iona Peel, married Robert Alexander Edward Bowen on 14 May 2005. The Earl Peel The Rt Hon, the Earl Peel DL The Rt Hon. The Earl Peel GCVO DL The Rt Hon
William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel
24.
Lord Chamberlain
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The Lord Chamberlain is always sworn of the Privy Council, is usually a peer and before 1782 the post was of Cabinet rank. The position was a political one until 1924, the office dates from the Middle Ages when the Kings Chamberlain often acted as the Kings spokesman in Council and Parliament. The current Lord Chamberlain is The Earl Peel, who has been in office since 16 October 2006. During the early period, the Lord Chamberlain was one of the three principal officers of the Royal Household, the others being the Lord Steward and the Master of the Horse. His department not only furnished the servants and other personnel in attendance on the Sovereign but arranged and staffed ceremonies. As other responsibilities of government were devolved to ministers, the ordering of the Royal Household was largely left to the taste of the Sovereign. To ensure that the reflected the royal tastes, the Lord Chamberlain received commands directly from the sovereign to be transmitted to the heads of subordinate departments. This duty was abolished under the Theatres Act 1968, the first London performance of the musical Hair was delayed until the act was passed after a licence had been refused. The Lord Chamberlain also undertakes ceremonial duties and serves as the channel of communication between the Sovereign and the House of Lords, the Lord Chamberlains Office is a department of the Royal Household and is headed by the Comptroller. It is responsible for organising ceremonial activities including state visits, investitures, garden parties and he also regulates the design and the wearing of court uniform and dress and how insignia are worn. Lords Chamberlain since 1399 to the present, List of Lords Chamberlain to British royal consorts Stephens, the Censorship of English Drama 1824–1901. Shellard, Dominic, Nicholson, Steve, Handley, Miriam, a History of British Theatre Censorship. The Lord Chamberlain - Royal Household official website Chamber Administration, Lord Chamberlain, 1660–1837 The Lord Chamberlain and censorship at The Theatre Archive Project
Lord Chamberlain
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The Earl of Dorset, Lord Chamberlain from 1689 to 1697, holding the white staff of office. (Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt; c. 1697.)
25.
Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Shrewsbury
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Charles Henry John Benedict Crofton Chetwynd Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Shrewsbury, DL is an English nobleman. Charles is the son of John Chetwynd-Talbot, 21st Earl of Shrewsbury and he was educated at Harrow School. Lord Shrewsbury is one of the 92 hereditary peers elected to sit in the House of Lords and he is also a liveryman of several London livery companies, namely the companies of weavers, gunmakers, and blacksmiths. Lord Shrewsbury is a former Director and Deputy Chairman of Britannia Building Society, and he is a member of the Army & Navy Club and Pratts Club. Lord Shrewsbury has divested himself of a number of Manorial Titles from Estates owned by his family in the distant past and he promotes British industry and commerce both in the United States and at home. He promotes the shooting sports and the U. K, on 5 January 1973, the Earl of Shrewsbury married Deborah Jane Hutchinson, daughter of Noel Staughton Hutchinson and Jennifer Hutchinson of Ellerton, Shropshire. They have three children, Lady Victoria Chetwynd-Talbot, married Daniel Goodall in 2005, has one child, Charlie Goodall James Chetwynd-Talbot, Viscount Ingestre. Married Polly Blackie of Debden, Essex in 2006, has four children, flora Chetwynd-Talbot Hon. George Chetwynd-Talbot Hon. Edward Chetwynd-Talbot. Married Rosie Myers of Scamblesby, Lincolnshire in 2010, jemima Grey Chetwynd-Talbot Lord Shrewsbury and his family live near Ashbourne in Derbyshire – but the house is a few yards into Staffordshire. Lady Shrewsbury was High Sheriff of Staffordshire in 2000
Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Shrewsbury
26.
Scotland
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Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles, the Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707. By inheritance in 1603, James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland, Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles, titles, the legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland, Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law. Glasgow, Scotlands largest city, was one of the worlds leading industrial cities. Other major urban areas are Aberdeen and Dundee, Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third-largest city in Scotland, the title of Europes oil capital, following a referendum in 1997, a Scottish Parliament was re-established, in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members, having authority over many areas of domestic policy. Scotland is represented in the UK Parliament by 59 MPs and in the European Parliament by 6 MEPs, Scotland is also a member nation of the British–Irish Council, and the British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly. Scotland comes from Scoti, the Latin name for the Gaels, the Late Latin word Scotia was initially used to refer to Ireland. By the 11th century at the latest, Scotia was being used to refer to Scotland north of the River Forth, alongside Albania or Albany, the use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the Late Middle Ages. Repeated glaciations, which covered the land mass of modern Scotland. It is believed the first post-glacial groups of hunter-gatherers arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, the groups of settlers began building the first known permanent houses on Scottish soil around 9,500 years ago, and the first villages around 6,000 years ago. The well-preserved village of Skara Brae on the mainland of Orkney dates from this period and it contains the remains of an early Bronze Age ruler laid out on white quartz pebbles and birch bark. It was also discovered for the first time that early Bronze Age people placed flowers in their graves, in the winter of 1850, a severe storm hit Scotland, causing widespread damage and over 200 deaths. In the Bay of Skaill, the storm stripped the earth from a large irregular knoll, when the storm cleared, local villagers found the outline of a village, consisting of a number of small houses without roofs. William Watt of Skaill, the laird, began an amateur excavation of the site, but after uncovering four houses
Scotland
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Edinburgh Castle. Human habitation of the site is dated back as far as the 9th century BC, although the nature of this early settlement is unclear.
Scotland
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Flag
Scotland
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The class I Pictish stone at Aberlemno known as Aberlemno 1 or the Serpent Stone.
Scotland
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The Wallace Monument commemorates William Wallace, the 13th-century Scottish hero.
27.
Lord High Constable of England
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The Lord High Constable of England is the seventh of the Great Officers of State, ranking beneath the Lord Great Chamberlain and above the Earl Marshal. His office is now called out of only for coronations. The Lord High Constable was originally the commander of the royal armies and he was also, in conjunction with the Earl Marshal, president of the Court of Chivalry or Court of Honour. In feudal times, martial law was administered in the court of the Lord High Constable and it was held at coronations by the following individuals, This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain, Chisholm, Hugh, ed. Lord High Constable
Lord High Constable of England
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England
28.
Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland
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The Great Seal of Scotland allows the monarch to authorise official documents without having to sign each document individually. Wax is melted in a mould or matrix and impressed into a wax figure that is attached by cord or ribbon to documents that the monarch wishes to make official. The earliest seal impression, in the Treasury of Durham Cathedral, is believed to be the Great Seal of Duncan II, the Chancellor had the custody of the Kings Seal. Hence, the Scotland Act 1998 refers to the current seal as the appointed by the Treaty of Union to be kept. Nevertheless, the seal is still referred to as the Great Seal of Scotland. Section 12 of the Treason Act 1708, still in force today, the design of the Great Seal is a responsibility of the Lord Lyon King of Arms. The reverse of the shows the monarch on horseback, but is not changed from reign to reign—the current version is that engraved in 1911 for the accession of King George V. The obverse is inscribed ELIZABETH II D G BRITT REGNORVMQVE SVORVM CETER REGINA CONSORTIONIS POPULORUM PRINCEPS F D, the Great Seal is administered by the Keeper of the Great Seal, one of the Great Officers of State. From 1885 this office was held by the Secretary for Scotland and it transferred in 1999 to the First Minister of Scotland, whose place in the order of precedence in Scotland is determined by his or her office as Keeper of the Great Seal. In practice the Seal is in the custody of the Keeper of the Registers of Scotland, 1635–1638, John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St. https, //archive. org/stream/registrummagnisi07scot#page/n5/mode/2up Director of Chancery
Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland
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Scotland
29.
Lord Justice General
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The Lord President of the Court of Session is the most senior judge in Scotland, the head of the judiciary, and the presiding judge of the College of Justice and the Court of Session. The Lord President is also the Lord Justice General of Scotland and the head of the High Court of Justiciary, the Lord President has authority over any court established under Scots law, except for the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. The office of Lord Justice General is derived from the justiciars who were appointed from at least the twelfth century, from around 1567 onwards it was held heritably by the Earl of Argyll until the heritability was resigned to the Crown in 1607. The current Lord President of the Court of Session is Lord Carloway, in Scotland the Official Oath is taken before the Lord President of the Court of Session. The Lord President is paid according to Salary Group 1.1 of the Judicial Salaries Scale, argadus, Captain of Argyll, in the reign of Ethodius Comes Dunetus, in the reign of King William the Lion. 1372, Sir William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas, Justiciary South of the Forth, Court of Session List of Senators of the College of Justice List of Leading Scottish Legal Cases
Lord Justice General
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Lord President of the Court of Session Lord Justice General
30.
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
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Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh is the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. A member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Philip was born into the Greek and he was born in Greece, but his family was exiled from the country when he was an infant. After being educated in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, he joined the Royal Navy in 1939, from July 1939, he began corresponding with the 13-year-old Princess Elizabeth, whom he had first met in 1934. During the Second World War he served with the Mediterranean and Pacific fleets, after the war, Philip was granted permission by King George VI to marry Elizabeth. After an engagement of five months, he married Elizabeth on 20 November 1947, just before the wedding, he was created Duke of Edinburgh. Philip left active service when Elizabeth became Queen in 1952. He was formally made a Prince of the United Kingdom in 1957, Philip has four children with Elizabeth, Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, and Prince Edward. He has eight grandchildren and five great-grandchildren, a keen sports enthusiast, Philip helped develop the equestrian event of carriage driving. He is a patron of over 800 organisations and serves as chairman of the Duke of Edinburghs Award scheme for people aged 14 to 24 and he is the longest-serving consort of a reigning British monarch and the oldest-ever male member of the British royal family. Philips four elder sisters were Margarita, Theodora, Cecilie, and he was baptised into the Greek Orthodox Church. His godparents were Queen Olga of Greece and the Mayor of Corfu, shortly after Philips birth, his maternal grandfather, Prince Louis of Battenberg, then known as Louis Mountbatten, Marquess of Milford Haven, died in London. Louis was a naturalised British citizen, who, after a career in the Royal Navy, had renounced his German titles and adopted the surname Mountbatten during the First World War. After visiting London for the memorial, Philip and his mother returned to Greece where Prince Andrew had remained behind to command an army division embroiled in the Greco-Turkish War, the war went badly for Greece and the Turks made large gains. On 22 September 1922, Philips uncle, King Constantine I, was forced to abdicate, the commander of the army, General Georgios Hatzianestis, and five senior politicians were executed. Prince Andrews life was believed to be in danger, and Alice was under surveillance, in December, a revolutionary court banished Prince Andrew from Greece for life. The British naval vessel HMS Calypso evacuated Prince Andrews family, with Philip carried to safety in a cot made from a fruit box. Philips family went to France, where settled in the Paris suburb of Saint-Cloud in a house lent to them by his wealthy aunt, Princess George of Greece. Because Philip left Greece as a baby, he not have a strong grasp of Greek
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
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Prince Philip in March 2015
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Mon Repos, the birthplace of Philip
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
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Philip studied at Gordonstoun school, Scotland.
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
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Philip served aboard HMS Valiant in the Battle of the Mediterranean.
31.
Charles, Prince of Wales
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Charles, Prince of Wales is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II. Known alternatively in South West England as Duke of Cornwall and in Scotland as Duke of Rothesay, he is the heir apparent in British history. He is also the oldest person to be next in line to the throne since Sophia of Hanover, Charles was born at Buckingham Palace as the first grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. After earning a bachelor of degree from Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1981, he married Lady Diana Spencer and they had two sons, Prince William later to become Duke of Cambridge, and Prince Harry, in 1996, the couple divorced, following well-publicised extramarital affairs. Diana died in a car crash in Paris the following year, in 2005, Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles. Charles has sought to raise awareness of the dangers facing the natural environment. As an environmentalist, he has received awards and recognition from environmental groups around the world. His support for alternative medicine, including homeopathy, has been criticised by some in the medical community and he has been outspoken on the role of architecture in society and the conservation of historic buildings. Subsequently, Charles created Poundbury, a new town based on his theories. He has authored a number of books, including A Vision of Britain, A Personal View of Architecture in 1989 and he was baptised in the palaces Music Room by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher, on 15 December 1948. When Prince Charles was aged three his mothers accession as Queen Elizabeth II made him her heir apparent. As the monarchs eldest son, he took the titles Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and Prince. Charles attended his mothers coronation at Westminster Abbey on 2 June 1953, seated alongside his grandmother, as was customary for upper-class children at the time, a governess, Catherine Peebles, was appointed and undertook his education between the ages of five and eight. Buckingham Palace announced in 1955 that Charles would attend school rather than have a private tutor, Charles then attended two of his fathers former schools, Cheam Preparatory School in Berkshire, England, followed by Gordonstoun in the north-east of Scotland. He reportedly despised the school, which he described as Colditz in kilts. Upon his return to Gordonstoun, Charles emulated his father in becoming Head Boy and he left in 1967, with six GCE O-levels and two A-levels in history and French, at grades B and C, respectively. Tradition was broken again when Charles proceeded straight from school into university
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The Prince of Wales in Jersey, July 2012
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Signature
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Telegram announcing the birth of Prince Charles to the Governor-General of New Zealand
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Queen Elizabeth II formally invests the Prince of Wales with his coronet, 1969
32.
Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex
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Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, KG, GCVO, CD, ADC is the youngest of four children and the third son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of his birth, he was third in line to succeed his mother, as of 2017, he is ninth in line. Prince Edward was born on 10 March 1964, at Buckingham Palace, as the son and fourth and youngest child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip. He was baptised on 2 May 1964 in the chapel at Windsor Castle by the then-Dean of Windsor. As with his siblings, a governess was appointed to look after Edward and was responsible for his early education at Buckingham Palace. At the age of seven, Edward was then sent to Gibbs School before attending, in September 1972, Heatherdown School, near Ascot in Berkshire. He then, as his father and elder brothers had done him, moved to Gordonstoun, in northern Scotland. Upon his return to Britain, Edward matriculated at Jesus College, Cambridge and his admission to Cambridge caused some controversy at the time, since his A-level grades were far below the standard normally required, straight As, for Oxbridge entrance. Edward graduated in 1986 as BA and proceeded Master of Arts in 1991, Prince Edward made two very public attempts to pursue a career. However, in January 1987 he dropped out of the commando course after completing just one third of the 12-month training. Media reported, at the time, that the move prompted a berating from Prince Philip who reduced his son to prolonged tears, after leaving the Marines, Edward opted for a career in entertainment. His duties reportedly involved making tea for the artistic staff, while there he met actress Ruthie Henshall, whom he dated for three years. The media attacked the programme, it was reported that the Queen was not in favour of the event. In 1993, Edward formed the production company Ardent Productions. Commercial breaks are filled with army recruiting advertisements, ardents productions were somewhat better received in the United States and a documentary Edward made about his great-uncle, Edward VIII in 1996, sold well worldwide. Nonetheless, the reported losses every year it operated save one when Edward did not draw a salary. The Prince of Wales was reportedly angered by the incident, Ardent Productions was voluntarily dissolved in June 2009, with assets reduced to just £40. Edwards original backers in the venture are said to have lost every penny, Edward met Sophie Rhys-Jones, then a public relations executive with her own firm, in 1994
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The Earl in Belfast, February 2015
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The Earl and Countess of Wessex at the wedding of the Crown Princess of Sweden in June 2010
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The Earl and Countess of Wessex at Trooping the Colour in June 2013
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The Earl of Wessex at Yate, Gloucestershire, December 2011
33.
Prince Harry
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Prince Henry of Wales, KCVO, familiarly known as Prince Harry, is the younger son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales. After an education at schools in the United Kingdom and spending parts of his gap year in Australia and Lesotho, Harry chose a military career, undergoing officer training at RMA Sandhurst. He was commissioned as a cornet into the Blues and Royals, serving temporarily with his brother, in 2007–2008, he served for 77 days in Helmand, Afghanistan, but was pulled out following publication of his presence there by an Australian magazine. He returned to Afghanistan for a 20-week deployment in 2012–2013 with the Army Air Corps and he left the army in June 2015. Harry launched the Invictus Games in 2014, and remains patron of its Foundation and he also gives patronage to several other organisations, including the HALO Trust, the London Marathon Charitable Trust, and Walking With The Wounded. Harry was born at St Marys Hospital in Paddington, London, on 15 September 1984 at 4,20 pm and he was baptised on 21 December 1984 at St Georges Chapel, Windsor Castle, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie. His godparents are Prince Andrew, Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones, Carolyn Bartholomew, Bryan Organ, Gerald Ward and Celia, Harry began to accompany his parents on official visits at an early age, his first overseas tour was with his parents to Italy in 1985. Harrys parents divorced in 1996, and his mother died following a car accident in Paris the following year, Harry and William were staying with their father at Balmoral at the time, and the Prince of Wales told his sons about their mothers death. Like his father and brother, Harry was educated at independent schools and he started at Jane Mynors nursery school and the pre-preparatory Wetherby School, both in London. Following this, he attended Ludgrove School, and, after passing the exams, was admitted to Eton College. In June 2003, Harry completed his education at Eton with two A-Levels, having decided to drop history of art after AS level and he excelled in sports, particularly polo and rugby union. Passing two A-levels, Harry was eligible to apply for a commission in the British Army. One of Harrys former teachers, Sarah Forsyth, has assessed that Harry was a weak student, both Eton and Harry denied the claims. While a tribunal made no ruling on the claim, it accepted the prince had received help in preparing his A-level expressive project. After school, Harry took a gap year, during which he spent time in Australia, working on a cattle station and he also travelled to Lesotho, where he worked with orphaned children and produced the documentary film The Forgotten Kingdom. Harry entered the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 8 May 2005, where he was known as Officer Cadet Wales, and joined the Alamein Company. Within a year, in April 2006, Harry completed his training and was commissioned as a Cornet in the Blues and Royals. He was given the service number 564673, on 13 April 2008, when he reached two years seniority, Harry was promoted to lieutenant
Prince Harry
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Prince Harry during the Invictus Games in London, September 2014
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Chapel of Eton College
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Officer Cadet Wales (standing to attention next to the horse) on parade at Sandhurst, 21 June 2005
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Harry (left) talking to an injured soldier at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 15 May 2013
34.
Peter Phillips
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Peter Mark Andrew Phillips is the elder child and only son of Anne, Princess Royal, and her first husband, Captain Mark Phillips. He is the eldest grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, after graduating from university in 2000, he worked for Jaguar followed by WilliamsF1. In 2003, while working for WilliamsF1 in Canada, he met Autumn Kelly, for many years Phillips has worked in the sports sponsorship and management fields. He is currently 13th in line to succeed his maternal grandmother, Peter Phillips was born at 10,46 am on 15 November 1977, at St Marys Hospital, Paddington in west London. He was the first child of Princess Anne and Mark Phillips, at the time of his birth, there was a 41-gun salute from the Tower of London. He was baptised Peter Mark Andrew Phillips on 22 December 1977, Phillips was fifth in line to the Throne at birth and remained so until the birth of his cousin, Prince William, in 1982. His parents were said to have refused offers from the Queen that would have led to his being born in the peerage, Phillips was therefore the first legitimate grandchild of a monarch to be born without a title or courtesy style for more than 500 years. Phillips went to Port Regis Prep School in Shaftesbury, Dorset before following other members of the Royal Family by attending Gordonstoun School in Moray, whilst at Gordonstoun, he was chosen to be head boy and also played in the XV. He then went to the University of Exeter and graduated with a degree in sports science, at university, he played for the Exeter University Rugby League team. After his graduation in 2000, Phillips worked for Jaguar as corporate hospitality manager and then for WilliamsF1 racing team, in 2004, while working for WilliamsF1, Phillips was in a van in China with three other employees when the van was hit by a car. He left WilliamsF1 in September 2005, for a job as a manager at the Royal Bank of Scotland in Edinburgh, in March 2012, he left RBS to take on a role as managing director at SEL UK. Unlike his sisters life, Phillips personal life receives only limited publicity. He dated Elizabeth Lorio, a cod liver oil heiress from the United States, later, he had a four-month relationship with Tara Swain, a flight attendant. In August 2012, it was announced that he would be the Guest of Honour at the 2012 Rugby League Challenge Cup Final between Warrington Wolves and Leeds Rhinos at Wembley on 24 August 2012. In 2003, Phillips met Autumn Kelly, a Canadian management consultant and their engagement was announced on 28 July 2007. Before her marriage, Autumn Kelly converted from Roman Catholicism to the Church of England. If she had been Roman Catholic at the time of the marriage, shortly before their wedding, the couple caused some reported unease in royal circles when they were interviewed and photographed by Hello. Magazine, and were reported to have been paid £500,000 and they married on 17 May 2008 at St Georges Chapel in Windsor Castle
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Phillips and his mother in August 2012
35.
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
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Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, KG, GCMG, GCVO, ADC is a grandchild of King George V and Queen Mary. He has held the title of Duke of Kent since the death of his father in 1942, the Duke of Kent carries out engagements on behalf of his first cousin, Elizabeth II. He is perhaps best known as president of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, presenting the trophies to the Wimbledon champion and he also served as the United Kingdoms Special Representative for International Trade and Investment, retiring in 2001. He is also the president of The Scout Association, the Royal United Services Institute, and the Royal Institution of Great Britain, and since 1967 Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England. The Duke of Kent is also patron of the Institute of Advanced Motorists, as of the birth of the Duke of Cambridges second child, the Queens fifth great-grandchild, on 2 May 2015, the Duke of Kent was 34th in line. As of the death of the 7th Earl of Harewood in 2011, he became the Queens oldest living paternal cousin, since his mother was a cousin of Prince Philip, he is also a second cousin to Prince Charles and his siblings. Prince Edward was born on 9 October 1935, at No.3 Belgrave Square, home Secretary Sir John Simon was present to verify the birth. Prince Edwards father was Prince George, Duke of Kent, the son of George V. His mother was Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent, the daughter of Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark and he was baptised in the Private Chapel of Buckingham Palace on 20 November 1935 by the Archbishop of Canterbury Cosmo Lang. Prince Edward began his schooling at Ludgrove, a school in Berkshire, before going on to Eton College. After school he entered the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst where he won the Sir James Moncrieff Grierson prize for foreign languages, on 25 August 1942, Prince Edwards father, the Duke of Kent, was killed when his plane crashed in bad weather in Caithness. Prince Edward, who was almost 7, succeeded his father as Duke of Kent, Earl of St Andrews and he later took his seat in the House of Lords in 1959. As a member of the family, he began performing engagements at an early age. In 1953, he attended the coronation of his cousin, Elizabeth II, the Duke of Kent graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 29 July 1955 as a Second Lieutenant in the Royal Scots Greys, the beginning of a military career that would last over 20 years. He was promoted to captain on 29 July 1961, the Duke of Kent saw service in Hong Kong from 1962–63 and later served on the staff in Eastern Command. He was promoted to Major on 31 December 1967, during the early 70s, the Duke also served in Northern Ireland with his Regiment. He was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel on 30 June 1973, the Duke retired from the Army on 15 April 1976. He was subsequently promoted Major-General on 11 June 1983 and Field Marshal on 11 June 1993, the Duke of Kent married Katharine Worsley at York Minster on 8 June 1961
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
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Prince Edward
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The Duke and Duchess of Kent on the balcony of Buckingham Palace at the 2013 Trooping the Colour.
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A 1989 photograph of the Duke of Kent, by Allan Warren
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People
36.
Prince Michael of Kent
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Prince Michael of Kent, GCVO CD is a paternal first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, being a grandson of King George V and Queen Mary. Prince Michael occasionally represents the Queen at some functions in Commonwealth realms outside the United Kingdom, otherwise, he manages his own consultancy business and undertakes various commercial work around the world. He has also presented some television documentaries on the families of Europe. He is named after Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia, the brother of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. Since his mother was a cousin of Prince Philip, he is also a cousin to Prince Charles. Prince Michael was born on 4 July 1942, at Coppins, Iver, at the time of his birth Prince Michael was seventh in the line of succession to his uncle, King George VI. His mother was Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark, Duchess of Kent, roosevelt, the Hereditary Princess of Greece, the wife of Paul of Greece, his first cousin-once-removed, the Duke of Gloucester, the Dowager Marchioness of Milford Haven, and Lady Patricia Ramsay. Because of the war, newspaper reports did not identify the location of the christening, at the age of five, Prince Michael was a page boy at the wedding of his cousins, Princess Elizabeth and Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten. Educated at Sunningdale School and Eton College, Prince Michael entered the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, in January 1961, from where he was commissioned into the 11th Hussars, in 1963. He saw service in Germany, Hong Kong, and Cyprus, subsequent tours of duty, during a military career that spanned twenty years, included a number of appointments on the Defence Intelligence Staff. He retired from the Army with the rank of Major in 1981, in 1994, Prince Michael was made Honorary Commodore of the Royal Naval Reserve, and in 2002 he was made Honorary Air Commodore of RAF Benson. From 2009 to 2012 he was Regimental Colonel of the Honourable Artillery Company and has been, since 31 January 2012 and he is also Colonel-in-Chief of the Essex and Kent Scottish Regiment in Canada. He has performed duties in the Commonwealth realms other than the United Kingdom and has represented the Queen abroad. The Prince was given a grace and favour apartment at Kensington Palace upon his marriage in 1978, Prince Michael supports a large number of charities and organisations. Prince Michael manages his own business, and undertakes business throughout the world. He is also an interpreter of Russian. Prince Michael is an active Freemason and he is the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Mark Master Masons, and Provincial Grand Master of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Middlesex. At the time of the marriage, Marie Christine von Reibnitz was not only a Roman Catholic, under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701, Prince Michael forfeited his place in the line of succession to the throne through his marriage to a Roman Catholic
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Prince Michael of Kent in 2012
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Eton College
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Prince Michael of Kent in 1990, by Allan Warren
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Prince Michael, photographed by Allan Warren.
37.
Justin Welby
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Justin Portal Welby is the 105th Archbishop of Canterbury and the most senior bishop in the Church of England. Welby was the vicar of Southam, Warwickshire, and most recently was the Bishop of Durham, as Archbishop of Canterbury he is the Primate of All England and the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion. Welbys early career was in the oil industry, in 1989, he studied for ordination at St Johns College, Durham. After several parochial appointments he became the Dean of Liverpool in 2007, Welbys theology is reported as representing the evangelical tradition within Anglicanism. Justin Portal Welby was born in London, England, on 6 January 1956, Welby describes his early childhood as messy, Gavin and Jane Welby were both alcoholics. They divorced in 1959, when he was three years old, and he was placed in Gavin Welbys custody, a pretty rotten piece of work. Gavin Welby died in 1977 of alcohol-related causes, Welbys mother stopped drinking in 1968, and in 1975 married Charles Williams, a business executive and first-class cricketer who was made a life peer in 1985. Williams was the nephew of Elizabeth Laura Gurney, a member of the Gurney family of Norwich who were prominent Quakers, Welby describes his stepfather as being supportive of him. Paternity testing in 2016 showed that Welbys biological father was not Gavin Welby and their father was Sir Montagu Butler, Governor of the Central Provinces of British India and Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge. Jane Portals father was Gervas Portal, a half-brother of the World War II Chief of the Air Staff, Charles Portal, Gervas Portals mother Rose Leslie Portal née Napier was the granddaughter of General Sir William Napier and his wife Caroline Amelia Fox. General Napier and his brothers, Generals Sir Charles James Napier and Sir George Thomas Napier, were sons of George Napier and his second wife Lady Sarah Lennox. Welby was educated at St Peters School, Seaford, Eton College, and Trinity College, Cambridge and he graduated in 1978 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in history and law, as per tradition he was later promoted to a Master of Arts by seniority. In a 12 July 2013 interview with The Daily Telegraph, Welby related his experience when he was a student in Trinity College. He said that, while he was at Eton, he had “vaguely assumed there was a God and he said to his friend, “Please don’t tell anyone about this. ”Welby said that he was desperately embarrassed that this had happened to him. Welby worked for 11 years in the oil industry, five of them for the French oil company Elf Aquitaine based in Paris. In 1984 he became treasurer of the oil exploration group Enterprise Oil PLC in London and he retired from his executive position in 1989 and said that he sensed a calling from God to be ordained. During his oil industry career, Welby became a member at the evangelical Anglican church of Holy Trinity in Brompton, London. He also said he would possibly have behaved in the same way, Welby was at first rejected for ordination by John Hughes, the Bishop of Kensington, who told him, There is no place for you in the Church of England
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The Most Revd and Rt Hon Justin Welby
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Chapel of Eton College
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Justin Welby and Paul Kim, Primate of the Province of Korea, at Seoul Cathedral in 2013.
38.
John Sentamu
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John Tucker Mugabi Sentamu is the 97th Archbishop of York, Metropolitan of the province of York and Primate of England. The position of Archbishop of York is the second most senior position in the Church of England after that of Archbishop of Canterbury. Born near Kampala in present-day Uganda, Sentamu studied law at Makerere University before gaining employment as an advocate of the Supreme Court of Uganda, speaking out against the regime of President Idi Amin, he was briefly imprisoned before fleeing to the United Kingdom in 1974. Here, he devoted himself to Anglicanism, beginning his study of theology at Selwyn College, Cambridge, in 1976 and he studied for ordination at Ridley Hall, Cambridge, and was ordained in 1979. In 1996 he was consecrated as the area Bishop of Stepney, in 2005 he was appointed to the position of Archbishop of York. Sentamu is a traditionalist within the Church of England, generally supporting socially conservative moral positions, publicly criticising multiculturalism and he has also received attention for his vocal criticism of Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe. Sentamu was born in 1949 in a village near Kampala, Uganda and he obtained a Bachelor of Laws at Makerere University, Kampala, and practised as an advocate of the High Court of Uganda until 1974, being briefly a judge of the High Court. In 1973, he married his wife Margaret, three weeks after his marriage, he incurred the wrath of the dictator Idi Amin and was detained for 90 days. In a speech in 2007, he described how during that time he had been kicked around like a football and beaten terribly and he fled his home country to arrive as an immigrant in the United Kingdom in 1974. Sentamu studied theology at Selwyn College, Cambridge and he was baptized at Eden Baptist Church, Cambridge. He trained for the priesthood at Ridley Hall, Cambridge, being ordained a priest in 1979 and his doctoral thesis is entitled Some aspects of soteriology, with particular reference to the thought of J. K. He worked as assistant chaplain at Selwyn College, as chaplain at a centre and as curate. Sentamu was consecrated in 1996, as Bishop of Stepney, a suffragan see and it was during this time that he served as advisor to the Stephen Lawrence Judicial Enquiry. In 2002 he chaired the Damilola Taylor review and that same year he was appointed Bishop of Birmingham where his ministry, according to the Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, was praised by Christians of all backgrounds. Sentamu became President of Youth for Christ in 2004 and President of the YMCA in April 2005, on 17 June 2005 the prime ministers office announced Sentamus translation to York as the 97th archbishop. As Archbishop of York, Sentamu sits in the House of Lords and was admitted, as a matter of course, on 7 March 2007, Sentamu was installed as the first Chancellor of York St John University. On 1 June 2007 he was appointed as the first Chancellor of the University of Cumbria and he took up the position when the university opened on 1 August 2007. In July 2009, he was awarded a doctorate by University of Chester
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Sentamu after his Enthronement Service in November 2005.
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John Sentamu outside York Minster on Easter Sunday, 2007.
39.
Archbishop of York
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The Archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the Province of York. The Archbishop of York is an ex member of the House of Lords and is styled Primate of England. The archbishops throne is in York Minster in central York and his residence is Bishopthorpe Palace in the village of Bishopthorpe outside of York. The incumbent, from 5 October 2005, is John Sentamu who signs as +Sentamu Ebor, there was a bishop in Eboracum from very early times, during the Middle Ages, it was thought to have been one of the dioceses established by the legendary King Lucius. Bishops of York are known to have been present at the Councils of Arles, however, this early Christian community was later destroyed by the pagan Anglo-Saxons and there is no direct succession from these bishops to the post-Augustinian ones. The diocese was refounded by Paulinus in the 7th century, notable among these early bishops is Wilfrid. Until the Danish invasion the archbishops of Canterbury occasionally exercised authority, at the time of the Norman invasion York had jurisdiction over Worcester, Lichfield, and Lincoln, as well as the dioceses in the Northern Isles and Scotland. But the first three sees just mentioned were taken from York in 1072, of these, Durham was practically independent, for the palatine bishops of that see were little short of sovereigns in their own jurisdiction. Sodor and Man were returned to York during the fourteenth century, several of the archbishops of York held the ministerial office of Lord Chancellor of England and played some parts in affairs of state. The bishoprics role was complicated by continued conflict over primacy with the see of Canterbury. Until the mid 1530s the bishops and archbishops were in communion with the pope in Rome and this is no longer the case, as the Archbishop of York, together with the rest of the Church of England, is a member of the Anglican Communion. Walter de Grey purchased York Place as his London residence, which after the fall of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, was renamed the Palace of Whitehall. The Archbishop of York is the bishop of the Province of York and is the junior of the two archbishops of the Church of England after the Archbishop of Canterbury. Since 5 October 2005, the incumbent is the Most Reverend John Sentamu who is also an ex member of the House of Lords. Bede, Willibrord and the Letters of Pope Honorius I on the Genesis of the Archbishopric of York
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Arms of the Archbishop of York: Gules, two keys in saltire the wards upwards argent in chief a regal crown proper
40.
John Bercow
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John Simon Bercow is a British politician who has been the Speaker of the House of Commons since June 2009. Prior to his election to Speaker, he was a member of the Conservative Party and he served as a councillor from 1986 to 1990 and unsuccessfully contested parliamentary seats in the 1987 and 1992 general elections. In the 1997 general election, Bercow was elected the MP for Buckingham and he held posts in the shadow cabinets of Iain Duncan Smith and Michael Howard. In November 2002, he resigned from the cabinet over disputes concerning the Adoption and Children Act. In September 2004, Bercow was sacked after disagreements with Howard, following the resignation of Speaker Michael Martin, Bercow announced his intention to stand for the Speakership election on 22 June 2009 and was successful. He remained Speaker and was re-elected in his constituency at the election on 7 May 2015. He was re-elected as Speaker, unopposed, when the House sat at the start of the new parliament on 18 May 2015, in 2014 Bercow was appointed Chancellor of the University of Bedfordshire. Bercow was born to an English Jewish family in Edgware, London and his paternal grandparents were Jews from Romania who arrived in England a century ago. The son of a driver, Bercow attended Frith Manor Primary School in Woodside Park, and Finchley Manorhill. In his youth, Bercow had been ranked Britains No.1 junior tennis player, Bercow graduated with a first-class honours degree in government from the University of Essex in 1985. Professor Anthony King said When he was a student here, he was very right-wing, pretty stroppy, as a young activist, Bercow was a member of the right-wing Conservative Monday Club, becoming secretary of its immigration and repatriation committee. However, at the age of 20 he left the club, in 1981, Bercow had stood as a candidate for the national executive of the Monday Club and called for a programme of assisted repatriation of immigrants. He has since then called his participation in the club utter madness, after graduating from the University of Essex, Bercow was elected as the last national chairman of the Federation of Conservative Students, 1986–87. After a spell in merchant banking, Bercow joined the lobbying firm Rowland Sallingbury Casey in 1988, with fellow Conservative Julian Lewis, Bercow ran an advanced speaking and campaigning course for over 10 years, which trained over 600 Conservatives in campaigning and communication techniques. He has also lectured in the United States to students of the Leadership Institute, in 1986, Bercow was elected as a Conservative councillor in the London Borough of Lambeth, and served for four years. In 1987, he was appointed the youngest deputy leader in the United Kingdom. In 1995, Bercow was appointed as an adviser to the Chief Secretary to the Treasury. After Aitkens resignation to fight an action, Bercow served as a special adviser to the Secretary of State for National Heritage
John Bercow
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The Right Honourable John Bercow MP
John Bercow
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Bercow, speaking at the Institute for Government, 2011
41.
John Thomas, Baron Thomas of Cwmgiedd
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Roger John Laugharne Thomas, Baron Thomas of Cwmgiedd, PC, QC is the current Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales. Thomas was born in 1947 to Roger Edward Laugharne Thomas and his wife Dinah Agnes Thomas, Thomas was educated at Rugby School and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he graduated B. A. in Law in 1966. He was elected a Fellow of Trinity Hall in 2004 and he proceeded to the University of Chicago where he earned a J. D. degree and was a Commonwealth Fellow. Thomas was an assistant teacher at Mayo College, Ajmer, India, Thomas was called to the Bar in 1969. He became a Queens Counsel in 1984 and was appointed a Recorder in 1987 and he practised as a member of the commercial chambers at 4 Essex Court in the Temple, which in 1994 moved to Lincolns Inn Fields and has since then been known as Essex Court Chambers. He was the Department of Trade and Industry Inspector into Mirror Group Newspapers plc in 1992, on 14 July 2003, Thomas became a Lord Justice of Appeal and given the customary appointment to the Privy Council later that year. He served as the Senior Presiding Judge from 2003 to 2006, in October 2008, Thomas was appointed Vice-President of the Queens Bench Division and Deputy Head of Criminal Justice. On 3 October 2011, he succeeded Sir Anthony May as President of the Queens Bench Division, on 1 October 2013, Thomas was appointed to succeed Lord Judge as Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales. On 26 September 2013, it was announced Thomas would become a life peer upon taking office as Lord Chief Justice and he was created a Life Peer on 4 October 2013, taking the title Baron Thomas of Cwmgiedd, of Cwmgiedd in the County of Powys. Following his introduction, as a member of the judiciary he was disqualified from sitting in the House of Lords under the terms of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. He married in 1973 Elizabeth Ann Buchanan, daughter of S J Buchanan of Ohio and they have one son and one daughter. He lists his recreations in Whos Who as gardens, walking, list of Lords Justices of Appeal
John Thomas, Baron Thomas of Cwmgiedd
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The Right Honourable The Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd Kt PC
42.
Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk
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Edward William Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, DL, styled Earl of Arundel between 1975 and 2002, is a British peer, Earl Marshal and son of Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk. Norfolk is the son of Miles Francis Stapleton Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk and he was educated at Ampleforth College, a Roman Catholic independent school, and then attended Lincoln College, Oxford. Norfolk worked with companies, and from 2000 to 2002 was Deputy Earl Marshal. Upon the death of his father in 2002, he inherited the late Duke of Norfolks peerages and he was a Cub Scout whilst at school at Ampleforth College and currently holds two appointments in the Scout Movement. He was until 2010 the President of 1st Arundel Scout Group and he is also patron of West Sussex County Scouts. In June 2003 he was awarded the Medal of Merit for Services to the Scout Movement, the Duke, then Earl of Arundel, married Georgina Susan Gore on 27 June 1987 at Arundel Cathedral. Together, they have three sons and two daughters, Henry Miles Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel, born 3 December 1987, lady Rachel Fitzalan-Howard, born 10 June 1989. Lord Thomas Fitzalan-Howard, born 14 March 1992, lady Isabel Fitzalan-Howard, born 7 February 1994. Lord Philip Fitzalan-Howard, born 14 July 1996, in April 2011 it was announced that the Duke and Duchess were seeking a trial separation. In August 2016, it was reported that they had reconciled and are now back under the same roof. In 2002, he inherited the Dukedom of Norfolk, as well as a number of earldoms, baronies, hereditary offices, and titles attached to the Dukedom, from his father. His office of Earl Marshal, one of the Great Officers of State, makes him responsible for State occasions, such as coronations and the State Opening of Parliament
Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk
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Portrait by Allan Warren
43.
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley
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He also acts as Lord Great Chamberlain of the United Kingdom, as a ½ part holder of that office. Lord Cholmondeley is a descendant of Sir Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister of Great Britain and he is the son of Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley, and his wife, the former Lavinia Margaret Leslie. He is also a descendent of both the Rothschild family and the Sassoon family through his grandmother, Sybil Sassoon. He has three sisters, the Ladies Rose, Margot, and Caroline. Like numerous members of his family, Cholmondeley was educated at Eton College and he later took classes at the Sorbonne. As David Rocksavage, he appeared in a small part in Eric Rohmers 1987 film,4 aventures de Reinette et Mirabelle. His professional name is derived from his title of Earl of Rocksavage and his chosen career was put on hold when he succeeded to the marquessate in 1990. In 1995, he directed the adaptation of Truman Capotes novel Other Voices. In 2007, he directed The Wreck, starring Jean Simmons, the film was shot in Norfolk. It was later renamed Shadows in the Sun and was released in 2009, Cholmondeley became Marquess of Cholmondeley on 13 March 1990, upon the death of his father. Cholmondeley does not sit in the House of Lords for debates as he is currently on leave of absence, the family seats are Houghton Hall in Norfolk, and Cholmondeley Castle, which is surrounded by a 7, 500-acre estate near Malpas, Cheshire. According to the Sunday Times Rich List in 2008, Cholmondeley has a net worth of approximately £60m. Houghton Hall, ancestral home of the Marquesses of Cholmondeley since the establishment of the title in 1815, has now opened some of its rooms to the public, in 1974, Cholmondeley was a Page of Honour to the Queen at the age of 14. He relinquished this role upon reaching the age limit of retirement in 1976, one moiety of the ancient office of Lord Great Chamberlain is a Cholmondeley inheritance. The second, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh holders of the marquessate have all held this office, Cholmondeley began acting as the hereditary Lord Great Chamberlain to Her Majesty in 1990. In the Queens Birthday Honours List for 2007, Lord Cholmondeley was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order for his 17 years of service as Lord Great Chamberlain. Lord Cholmondeley married Rose Hanbury, a 25-year-old fashion model turned researcher, on 24 June 2009 and she is a daughter of Tim Hanbury, a website designer, and his fashion designer wife, Emma. Her paternal grandmother is Lady Rose Lambert, daughter of the 10th Earl of Cavan, the announcement that Lady Cholmondeley was expecting twins was revealed by Richard Kay of the Daily Mail and Mandrake of The Daily Telegraph
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley
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Photograph of Lord Cholmondeley at the Palace of Westminster in 1992
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley
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Houghton Hall, Norfolk
44.
David Mundell
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David Gordon Mundell WS PC MP is a Scottish solicitor, Conservative politician and UK Government Minister, serving as Secretary of State for Scotland since 2015. Mundell is the first Conservative to hold the position since Michael Forsyth in 1997, Mundell represents the Scottish constituency of Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale since 2005 and currently is the sole Scottish Conservative member of parliament in the House of Commons. He was appointed Secretary of State for Scotland following the 2015 general election, Mundell is also the first openly gay cabinet minister from the Conservative Party. Born in Dumfries, Mundell grew up in Newton Wamphray and Lockerbie and he attended Lockerbie Academy before reading Law at the University of Edinburgh, also gaining a Diploma in Legal Practice. After further studies, he graduated from Strathclyde Business School as MBA, having become a Young Conservative aged 14, he switched to the Social Democratic Party while at university in 1981. In 2002, he stated, the first Thatcher Government did get a bit bogged down, and the fact that you had a completely new opportunity to wipe the slate clean, with no baggage, was a very attractive thing. He practised as a solicitor before joining BT as Group Legal Advisor for Scotland in 1991 and he became BT Scotlands Head of National Affairs, remaining with BT until being elected as an MSP. Mundell served as a Social Democratic Party Councillor for Annandale and Eskdale from 1984–86 and then for Dumfries and Galloway until 1987, Mundell is a member of the Society of Writers to Her Majestys Signet and of the Law Society of Scotland. Mundell was elected to the Scottish Parliament in 1999 and 2003 as a list MSP for the South of Scotland, in the 2005 general election, Mundell was elected as MP for the Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale constituency. Following his election to Westminster, Mundell resigned from the Scottish Parliament in June 2005 and his seat was taken by Derek Brownlee, who was next on the Conservatives South of Scotland candidate list. As the sole Conservative Scottish parliamentary representative, David Cameron appointed him Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland in December 2005, footballs governing bodies in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland oppose a Great Britain team, fearing it would stop them competing as individual nations in future tournaments. Mundell represented the Scottish Conservative Party at the three Scottish Leaders Debates broadcast on ITV1, Sky News and BBC1 during the 2010 general election campaign, prior to the 2010 general election, Mundell served as the Conservative Shadow Scottish Secretary. Following that election, the Conservative Party formed a government with the Liberal Democrats. On 9 June 2010 Mundell was appointed a Privy Counsellor, Mundell was returned to parliament at the 2015 general election with a much reduced majority of 798, although the Conservative Partys share of the vote increased by 1. 8%. He is to be a member of the cabinet committee working on strategies for Brexit. Following the Conservative Partys success at the 2015 general election, Mundell succeeded Alistair Carmichael as Secretary of State for Scotland in HM Government and he remains the only Conservative MP to represent a Scottish constituency in the parliament elected in 2015. Mundell, who had denied that welfare reform changes were behind the increased demand for food banks, was accused of hypocrisy by opponents who said the opening was nothing to celebrate. Mundell said he was willing to work with all local organisations who wanted to eradicate poverty, on 13 January 2016, Mundell publicly came out as gay on his personal website
David Mundell
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The Right Honourable David Mundell WS MP
45.
Secretary of State for Scotland
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Her Majestys Principal Secretary of State for Scotland is the principal minister of Her Majestys Government in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland representing Scotland. He heads the Scotland Office, a government department based in London, the post was created soon after the Union of the Crowns, but was abolished in 1746, following the Jacobite rebellion. Scottish affairs thereafter were managed by the Lord Advocate until 1827, in 1885 the post of Secretary for Scotland was re-created, with the incumbent usually in the Cabinet. In 1926 this post was upgraded to a full Secretary of State appointment, consequently, the role of Secretary of State for Scotland has been diminished. A recent Scottish Secretary, Des Browne, held the post whilst simultaneously being Secretary of State for Defence, the current Secretary of State for Scotland is David Mundell. John Erskine, 22nd Earl of Mar had served as Secretary of State of an independent Scotland since 1705, following the Acts of Union 1707, he remained in office. The post of Secretary of State for Scotland existed briefly after the Union of the Parliament of Scotland, after the rising, responsibility for Scotland lay primarily with the office of the Home Secretary, usually exercised by the Lord Advocate. The Secretary for Scotland was chief minister in charge of the Scottish Office in the United Kingdom government,1885 saw the creation of the Scottish Office and the post of Secretary for Scotland. From 1892 the Secretary for Scotland sat in cabinet, the Secretary for Scotland post was upgraded to full Secretary of State rank as Secretary of State for Scotland in 1926. All Secretaries for Scotland also held the post of Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland, the post of Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland was held ex officio by Secretaries of State for Scotland from 1926 to 1999. Secretaries of State for Scotland since Donald Dewar have not been Keepers of the Great Seal, with the rise of the SNP in the Scottish and British parliaments and the resultant interest in Scottish Independence, the Secretary of states role has also subsequently increased in prominence. The Scotland office itself has received an increase in budget of 20% from 2013 to 2017 with a 14. 4% increase in 2015/16 alone. The UK governments website lists the Secretary of State for Scotlands responsibilities as being, The main role of the Scottish Secretary is to promote, other responsibilities include promoting partnership between the UK government and the Scottish government, and relations between the 2 Parliaments. This seeming lack of responsibility has in recent years seen calls for the scrapping of the role and the wider department of the Scottish office itself by opposition MPs
Secretary of State for Scotland
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Arms of Her Majesty's Government
46.
Torquhil Campbell, 13th Duke of Argyll
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Torquhil Ian Campbell, 13th and 6th Duke of Argyll, styled as Earl of Campbell before 1973 and as Marquess of Lorne between 1973 and 2001, is a Scottish peer. The familys main seat is Inveraray Castle, although the Duke and Duchess spend time at other residences, the Duke is the elder child and only son of Ian Campbell, 12th and 5th Duke of Argyll and Iona Mary Colquhoun, daughter of Sir Ivar Colquhoun, 8th Baronet. He was educated at Craigflower Preparatory School, Cargilfield Preparatory School, Glenalmond College, at the latter, he trained as a chartered surveyor. He served as a Page of Honour to Queen Elizabeth II from 1981 to 1983 and he became a sales agent, salesman and company manager. Among his 29 titles are, Master of the Royal Household of Scotland, Admiral of the Western Coasts and Isles, and he is the captain of Scotlands national elephant polo team which won the 2004 and 2005 World Elephant Polo Association World Championships. He represents Pernod Ricard distillers, promoting Scotch whiskies and he is a Freeman of the City of London and a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Distillers. On 8 June 2002 at St. Marys Church, Fairford, Gloucestershire, the Duke married Eleanor Cadbury and she is the daughter of Peter Hugh George Cadbury and his wife Sally Strouvelle. The Duke and Duchess have three children, Archie Frederick Campbell, Marquess of Lorne and he serves as a Page of Honour to the Queen. Lord Rory James Campbell Lady Charlotte Mary Campbell, the Duchess is a Patroness of the Royal Caledonian Ball. Torquil, for background on the name Torquhil Debretts People of Today Inveraray Castle Cracrofts Peerage CCSNA Torquhil Campbell, 13th Duke of Argyll
Torquhil Campbell, 13th Duke of Argyll
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Portrait by Allan Warren
47.
Archbishop of Dublin (Roman Catholic)
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The Archbishop of Dublin is the title of the senior cleric who presides over the Archdiocese of Dublin. The Church of Ireland has a role, heading the United Dioceses of Dublin. In both cases, the Archbishop is also Primate of Ireland, the Archbishop has his seat at Saint Marys Pro-Cathedral, though formally Dublins cathedral is still Christchurch Cathedral, Dublin. Several of these functioned as churches and the most powerful of all was Glendalough. In the early church in Ireland, the church had a monastic basis, there were bishops but not organised dioceses in the modern sense, and the offices of abbot and bishop were often comprised in one person. Sitric also provided for the building of Christ Church Cathedral in 1038 with the lands of Baldoyle, Raheny, the Bishop of Dublin answered to the Archbishop of Canterbury and did not attend councils of the Irish Church. The Diocese of Dublin continued to acknowledge the jurisdiction of Canterbury until 1096, the Synod of Rathbreasail was convened in 1111 by Gillebert, Bishop of Limerick, on papal authority. It fixed the number of dioceses in Ireland at twenty-four, Dublin was not included, the city being described as lying in the Diocese of Glendalough. It was incorporated into the system of Irish dioceses from 1152, from 1121, the fifth and last Bishop of Dublin was one Gréne, consecrated at Lambeth by Ralph, Archbishop of Canterbury. The part of North County Dublin known as Fingall was taken from Glendalough Diocese, the new Archdiocese had 40 parishes, in deanaries based on the old senior monasteries. All dependence upon English churches such as Canterbury was also ended, gregory, the existing Bishop of Dublin, was elevated as the first Archbishop, with the Bishops of Kildare, Ossory, Leighlin, Ferns, and Glendalough reporting to him. The second Archbishop was Lorcán Ua Tuathail, previously Abbot of Glendalough, Saint Laurences successor was a Norman, and from then onward to the time of the Reformation, Dublins Archbishops were all either Norman or English. High offices in the Church were never free of political influence, Archbishop Henry of Londons name appears in the text of the Magna Carta along with the names of English Bishops as witnesses. In 1185, the Pope had granted a petition to combine the Dioceses of Dublin and Glendalough, the union took effect in 1216, with the approval of Innocent III, and the dioceses have remained merged ever since. The statutes mention the Chapters of both St. Patricks and Christ Church Cathedrals, which are granted the power to confer degrees, and the aim appears to have been to provide lectures at the former. The then Dean of St. Patricks, William de Rodyard, was elected first Chancellor of the University, in 1364, a Divinity Lecture was endowed, and in 1496, the Diocesan Synod granted stipends for the lecturers of the university. It has been said that the University never properly got started, certainly it languished, Archbishop Alen was murdered during the revolt of Silken Thomas in 1534. After the excommunication of Henry VIII in 1538 no Roman Catholic archbishop was nominated by Rome until Hugh Curwen in 1555, see the article Primate of Ireland for a discussion of the relative status of the Archbishops of Dublin and Armagh as Primates
Archbishop of Dublin (Roman Catholic)
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Archbishop of Dublin
Archbishop of Dublin (Roman Catholic)
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St Mary's Pro-Cathedral, Dublin, the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic archbishops.
48.
Order of St Michael and St George
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It is named in honour of two military saints, St Michael and St George. People are appointed to the Order rather than awarded it, British Ambassadors to foreign nations are regularly appointed as KCMGs or CMGs. It is the award for members of the FCO. The Orders motto is Auspicium melioris ævi and its patron saints, as the name suggests, are St. Michael the Archangel, and St. George, patron saint of England. One of its symbols is that of St Michael trampling over. The third of the aforementioned Orders—which relates to Ireland, no longer fully a part of the United Kingdom—still exists but is in disuse, the last of the Orders on the list, related to India, has also been in disuse since that countrys independence in 1947. In 1864, however, the protectorate ended and the Ionian Islands became a part of Greece, accordingly, numerous Governors-General and Governors feature as recipients of awards in the order. In 1965, the order was open for women, with Evelyn Bark becoming the first CMG, the British Sovereign is the Sovereign of the Order and appoints all other members of the Order. The next-most senior member is the Grand Master, the office was formerly filled by the Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands, now, however, Grand Masters are chosen by the Sovereign. Members of the Royal Family who are appointed to the Order do not count towards the limit, the Orders King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, like many other heraldic officers. The Usher of the Order is known as the Gentleman Usher of the Blue Rod, he not, unlike his Order of the Garter equivalent. On the left side is a representation of the star, the mantle is bound with two large tassels. The collar, worn only by Knights and Dames Grand Cross, is made of gold and it consists of depictions of crowned lions, Maltese Crosses, and the cyphers SM and SG, all alternately. In the centre are two winged lions, each holding a book and seven arrows, at less important occasions, simpler insignia are used, The star is an insignia used only by Knights and Dames Grand Cross and Knights and Dames Commanders. It is worn pinned to the left breast, the Knight and Dame Grand Cross star includes seven-armed, silver-rayed Maltese Asterisk, with a gold ray in between each pair of arms. The Knight and Dame Commanders star is a slightly smaller eight-pointed silver figure formed by two Maltese Crosses, it does not include any gold rays, in each case, the star bears a red cross of St George. In the centre of the star is a blue ring bearing the motto of the Order. Within the ring is a representation of St Michael trampling on Satan, the badge is the only insignia used by all members of the Order, it is suspended on a blue-crimson-blue ribbon
Order of St Michael and St George
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Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George
Order of St Michael and St George
Order of St Michael and St George
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St George and the Dragon by Mattia Preti (1678).
Order of St Michael and St George
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On the Order's insignia, St Michael is often depicted subduing Satan
49.
Distinguished Service Order
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Instituted on 6 September 1886 by Queen Victoria in a Royal Warrant published in the The London Gazette on 9 November, the first DSOs awarded were dated 25 November 1886. It is typically awarded to officers ranked major or higher, during the First World War,8,981 DSOs were awarded, each award being announced in The London Gazette. The order was established for rewarding individual instances of meritorious or distinguished service in war, after 1 January 1917, commanders in the field were instructed to recommend this award only for those serving under fire. Prior to 1943, the order could be only to someone mentioned in despatches. The order is given to officers in command, above the rank of captain. A number of junior officers were awarded the DSO. In 1942, the award of the DSO was extended to officers of the Merchant Navy who had performed acts of gallantry while under enemy attack. Since 1993, its award has been restricted solely to distinguished service and it has, however, despite some very fierce campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan, remained an officers-only award and it has yet to be awarded to a non-commissioned rank. Recipients of the order are known as Companions of the Distinguished Service Order. They are entitled to use the post-nominal letters DSO, one or more gold medal bars ornamented by the Crown may be issued to DSO holders performing further acts of such leadership which would have merited award of the DSO. The bars are worn as clasps on the ribbon of the original award. The medal signifying its award is a cross, enamelled white. In the centre, within a wreath of laurel, enamelled green, is the crown in gold upon a red enamelled background. On the reverse is the royal cypher in gold upon a red enamelled ground, within a wreath of laurel, a ring at the top of the medal attaches to a ring at the bottom of a gold suspension bar, ornamented with laurel. At the top of the ribbon is a gold bar ornamented with laurel. The red ribbon is 1.125 in wide with blue edges. The medals are issued unnamed but some recipients have had their names engraved on the reverse of the suspension bar, the bar for an additional award is plain gold with an Imperial Crown in the centre. The back of the bar is engraved with the year of the award, a rosette is worn on the ribbon in undress uniform to signify the award of a bar
Distinguished Service Order
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Distinguished Service Order
Distinguished Service Order
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Major Marie-Edmond Paul Garneau, of the Royal 22e Régiment, with the Distinguished Service Order he received for "gallant and distinguished services in the combined attack on Dieppe " after his investiture at Buckingham Palace in October 1942.
50.
Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)
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The orders approximately 25,000 members, known as confrères, are mostly of the Protestant faith, though those of other Christian denominations or other religions are accepted into the order. Except via appointment to government or ecclesiastical offices in some realms, membership is by invitation only. It is a constituent member of the Alliance of the Orders of St John of Jerusalem and its headquarters are in London and it is a registered charity under English law. This was to be achieved by issuing bonds in London to form an army of demobilized British soldiers using readily available. The council was reorganised and the Marquis de Sainte-Croix du Molay became its head, scotsman Donald Currie was in 1827 given the authority to raise £240,000. Anyone who subscribed to the project and all commissioned officers of the army were offered the opportunity of being appointed knights of the order. Few donations were attracted, though, and the Greek War of Independence was won without the help of the knights of the Council of the French Langues and it was headquartered at what Mortara called the Auberge of St. John, St Johns Gate, Clerkenwell. The creation of the langue has been regarded either as a revival of the Knights Hospitaller or the establishment of a new order, on 29 January 1831, in the presence of Philip de Castellane and the Agent-General of the French Langues, Peat was elected Prior ad interim. Sir Robert Peat died in April 1837 and Sir Henry Dymoke was appointed grand prior and re-established contact with the knights in France and Germany, into which the group had by that time expanded. This new entity grew its membership over the three decades and, in 1861, the Duke of Manchester agreed to become its grand prior. Additionally, an associated national hospitaller organisation was formed with a corps of ambulances, Sir Edmund Lechmere purchased St Johns Gate as the orders headquarters two years later, the property was initially leased from Lechmere before the order acquired the freehold in 1887. The name given when first constituted in 1888 as the present order of chivalry by Queen Victorias royal charter was Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem in England. Its most recent royal charter was granted in 1955, with a charter issued in 1974. In 1999, the order received special status from the United Nations Economic. The Grand Prior may also appoint a secretary of the order, since the orders royal charter of 1888, the Grand Prior has been appointed by the Sovereign Head and has always been a member of the royal family. All Priors, should not already be in the grade or higher, are made a Knight or Dame of Justice upon their assignment. Knights and Dames receive the accolade from the grand prior when they are touched on the shoulder with a sword and are given their robes, bailiffs and Dames Grand Cross additionally have the right to be granted heraldic supporters for life. In 2013, the Priory of Kenya and in 2014 the Priory of Singapore were formed, each is governed by a prior and a priory chapter
Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)
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Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem
Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)
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Priory of St John at Clerkenwell, London in 1661, by Wenceslaus Hollar
Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)
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St John's Gate, 1880
Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)
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King George V, Sovereign Head of the order (1910–36)
51.
Order of St Patrick
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The Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick is a dormant British order of chivalry associated with Ireland. The Order was created in 1783 by George III at the request of the then Lord-Lieutenant, the regular creation of knights of Saint Patrick lasted until 1922, when most of Ireland became independent as the Irish Free State. While the Order technically still exists, no knight of St Patrick has been created since 1936, the Queen, however, remains the Sovereign of the Order, and one officer, the Ulster King of Arms, also survives. St Patrick is patron of the order, its motto is Quis separabit, an allusion to the Vulgate translation of Romans 8,35, Who shall separate us from the love of Christ. Most British orders of chivalry cover the entire kingdom, but the three most exalted ones each pertain to one constituent country only, the Order of St Patrick, which pertains to Ireland, is the most junior of these three in precedence and age. Its equivalent in England, The Most Noble Order of the Garter, is the oldest order of chivalry in the United Kingdom, the Scottish equivalent is The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, dating in its modern form to 1687. The order was founded in 1783, a year after the grant of autonomy to Ireland. The Order of the Bath, founded in 1725, was instituted for similar reasons, the statutes of the Order restricted membership to men who were both knights and gentlemen, the latter being defined as having three generations of noblesse on both their fathers and mothers side. In practice, however, only Irish Peers were ever appointed to the Order, the cross of St Patrick was chosen as one of the symbols of the Order. A flag of this design was incorporated into the Union Flag. Its association with St. Patrick or with Ireland prior to the foundation of the Order is unclear, one of the first knights was The 2nd Duke of Leinster, whose arms carry the same cross. The last non-royal member appointed to the order was James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn in 1922, when the Irish Free State left the United Kingdom that same year, the Irish Executive Council under W. T. Cosgrave chose to make no further appointments to the Order. The British government continued to entertain hopes for the revival as a pan-Irish institution. Therefore, while there was no legal or constitutional bar to the British government continuing to make appointments from among British subjects resident in Northern Ireland, since then, only three people have been appointed to the Order, all members of the British Royal Family. The then-Prince of Wales was appointed in 1927 and his brothers, Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, in 1934 and Prince Albert, Duke of York. It is likely that these appointments were considered possible because the Irish Free State continued to recognise the British monarch as its head of state. In 1937, however, the Irish Free State adopted a new constitution, the ambiguity was resolved 12 years later when the Irish Free State formally declared itself a republic and left the British Commonwealth. The basis for such appointments thus ceased and no further ones have been made, the Duke of Gloucester at his death in 1974 was the last surviving member of the Order
Order of St Patrick
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Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick
Order of St Patrick
Order of St Patrick
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The installation dinner for the founding of the order took place on 17 March 1783 in the Great Hall of Dublin Castle.
Order of St Patrick
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The Irish Crown Jewels
52.
Order of the Crown of India
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The Imperial Order of the Crown of India is an order in the British honours system. The Order was established by Queen Victoria in 1878, when she became Empress of India, the Order is open only to women, no new appointments have been made after the Partition of India in 1947. The members of the Order, titled Companions, could use the post-nominals CI, furthermore, they were entitled to wear the badge of the Order, which included Queen Victorias Imperial Cypher, VRI. The letters were set in diamonds, pearls and turquoises and were surrounded by a border of pearls surmounted by a figure the Imperial Crown. The badge was attached to a light blue bow, edged in white. Queen Elizabeth II and her sister Princess Margaret were appointed to the Order by their father King George VI in June 1947, Queen Elizabeth II is the last surviving former member of the Order. Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester was the last ordinary member at the time of her death in 2004
Order of the Crown of India
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Order of the Crown of India
Order of the Crown of India
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Elizabeth II, in her uniform as Colonel-in-Chief of the Scots Guards, wears the badge of the order as a medal (first on left). (Trooping the Colour, 1986)
Order of the Crown of India
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Rani Lakshmi Bayi of Travancore wearing the badge and ribbon of the order
Order of the Crown of India
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Orders exclusively for women:
53.
Order of the Star of India
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The article is about the order of chivalry known as Star of India. For other items of the name, please see disambiguation at Star of India. The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861, with the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja of Alwar, the order became dormant in 2009. The motto of the order is Heavens light our guide, the Star of India, the emblem of the order, also appeared on the flag of the Viceroy of India and other flags used to represent British India. The last appointments to the orders relating to the British Empire in India were made in the 1948 New Year Honours, the orders have never been formally abolished, and Elizabeth II succeeded her father George VI as Sovereign of the Orders when she ascended the throne in 1952. She remains Sovereign of the Order to this day, however, there are no living members of the order. The last Grand Master of the Order, Admiral of the Fleet The Earl Mountbatten of Burma, was assassinated by the Provisional IRA on 27 August 1979. The last surviving Knight Grand Commander, HH Maharaja Sree Padmanabhadasa Sir Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma GCSI, GCIE, Maharajah of Travancore, the last surviving Knight Commander, HH Maharaja Sir Tej Singh Prabhakar Bahadur KCSI, Maharaja of Alwar, died on 15 February 2009 in New Delhi. The last surviving Companion of the Order, Vice-Admiral Sir Ronald Brockman CSI, the British Sovereign was, and still is, Sovereign of the Order. The next-most senior member was the Grand Master, the position was held, ex officio, when the order was established in 1861, there was only one class of Knights Companions, who bore the postnominals KSI. In 1866, however, it was expanded to three classes, members of the first class were known as Knights Grand Commanders, rather than Knights Grand Cross, so as not to offend the non-Christian Indians appointed to the Order. All those surviving members who had already been made Knights Companions of the Order were retroactively Known as Knights Grand Commanders. Former viceroys and other officials, as well as those who served in the Department of the Secretary of State for India for at least thirty years were eligible for appointment. Rulers of Indian Princely States were also eligible for appointment, like some rulers of princely states, some rulers of particular prestige, for example the Maharajas of the Rana dynasty or the Sultans of Oman, were usually appointed Knights Grand Commanders. Women, save the princely rulers, were ineligible for appointment to the order and they were, unlike the habit of many other orders, admitted as Knights, rather than as Dames or Ladies. The first woman to be admitted to the order was HH Nawab Sikandar Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Bhopal, the orders statutes were specially amended to permit the admission of Queen Mary as a Knight Grand Commander in 1911. Members of the Order wore elaborate costumes on important ceremonial occasions, The mantle, on the left side was a representation of the star. The collar, also only by Knights Grand Commanders, was made of gold
Order of the Star of India
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Most Exalted Order of the Star of India सर्वोन्नत ऑर्डर ऑफ स्टार ऑफ इंडिया
Order of the Star of India
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"Sardar-i-Bawaqar" Sardar Mangal Singh, CSI of Amritsar
Order of the Star of India
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Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala, a Knight Grand Commander of this order.
Order of the Star of India
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Sayajirao Gaekwad III, Maharaja of Baroda, wearing the sash and star of a GCSI, as well as the star of a GCIE. 1919
54.
Order of the Indian Empire
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The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1878. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja of Dhrangadhra, the motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire, the British founded the Order in 1878 to reward British and native officials who served in India. The Order originally had one class, but expanded to comprise two classes in 1887. The Orders have never formally abolished, and as of 2012 Queen Elizabeth II remains the Sovereign of the Orders. Today, there are no living members of the order, the last Grand Master of the Order was Rear Admiral The 1st Viscount Mountbatten of Burma, the last Viceroy of India. Lord Mountbatten was killed in an IRA bombing in County Sligo on 27 August 1979, the last surviving GCIE, H. H. Maharaja Sri Sir Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma, the Maharaja of Travancore, died on 19 July 1991 in Trivandrum. The last surviving KCIE, H. H. Maharaja Sri Sir the Maharaja of Dhrangadhra, the last surviving CIE, Ian Dixon Scott, died on 3 March 2002. The fictional characters Purun Dass and Harry Paget Flashman each held a KCIE, the British Sovereign serves as the Sovereign of the Order. The Grand Master held the next-most senior rank, the position was held, ex officio, members of the first class were known as Knights Grand Commanders rather than Knights Grand Cross so as not to offend the non-Christian Indians appointed to the Order. At the time of foundation in 1878 the order had one class. In 1886, the Order was divided into the two classes of Knights Commander and Companions, the following year the class of Knight Grand Commander was added, the composition of the other two classes remained the same. By Letters Patent of 2 Aug 1886, the number of Knights Commander was increased to 82, membership was expanded by Letters Patent of 10 June 1897, which permitted up to 32 Knights Grand Commander. A special statute of 21 October 1902 permitted up to 92 Knights Commander, on 21 December 1911, in connection with the Delhi Durbar, the limits were increased to 40 Knights Grand Commander,120 Knights Commander, and 40 nominations of companions in any successive year. British officials and soldiers were eligible for appointment, as were rulers of Indian Princely States, generally, the rulers of the more important states were appointed Knights Grand Commanders of the Order of the Star of India, rather than of the Order of the Indian Empire. Women, save the princely rulers, were ineligible for appointment to the Order, female princely rulers were, oddly, admitted as Knights rather than as Dames or Ladies. As well, other Asian and Middle Eastern rulers were also appointed, members of the Order wore elaborate costumes on important ceremonial occasions, The mantle, worn only by Knights Grand Commanders, comprised dark blue satin lined with white silk. On the left side was a representation of the star, the collar, also worn only by Knights Grand Commanders, was made of gold
Order of the Indian Empire
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Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala, a Knight Grand Commander of the order.
Order of the Indian Empire
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Photo of Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya 's badge
Order of the Indian Empire
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H.H. Maharaja Thakore Shri Sir Bhagwatsinhji Sagramji Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Gondal, GCSI, GCIE (then only a GCIE), a 1911 photograph, during his visit to London, for the coronation of King George V. He is wearing the mantle, collar and star of a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire.
Order of the Indian Empire
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H.H. Maharaja Sri Sir Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma III, Maharaja of the Kingdom of Travancore, GCSI, GCIE, wearing the sash, star and badge of a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE)
55.
Royal Victorian Chain
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The Royal Victorian Chain is an award instituted in 1902 by King Edward VII as a personal award of the monarch. In the order of precedence it ranks above the Royal Victorian Order, with which it is often associated, the Royal Victorian Chain was created by Edward VII in 1902, six years after his mother created the Royal Victorian Order. The Royal Victorian Chain ranks above all the Royal Victorian Order honours in order of precedence, Edward created it to honour his mother as a personal decoration for Sovereigns, Princes, and other Royal personages, and also for a few eminent British subjects. The first recipients included the Kings son, George, Prince of Wales, the chain is worn around the collar by men or with the four motifs and some chain links fixed to a riband in the form of bow on the left shoulder by women. However, the Queens sister, the late Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, in life chose to wear her chain around the collar. Both the crown and Queen Victorias cypher are studded with diamonds, the Royal Victorian Chain does not confer upon its recipients any style or title, nor does it give a precedence within any Commonwealth honours system. However, it represents a token of high distinction and esteem from the monarch. The chain can be conferred upon men and women, both of the realms and foreign, there are at least 11 recipients living, of whom only four were not heads of state at the time of award. It has normally served as the award for Canadians, who are generally ineligible to receive knighthoods under federal Cabinet policy. Only two Canadians have thus far received the chain, Vincent Massey and Roland Michener, both governors general. The Royal Victorian Chain must be returned on the death of the recipient, List of recipients of the Royal Victorian Chain List of Canadian awards Robertson, Megan C
Royal Victorian Chain
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Royal Victorian Chain
56.
Hereditary peer
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Hereditary peers form part of the peerage in the United Kingdom. There are over eight hundred peers who hold titles that may be inherited. Formerly, most of them were entitled to sit in the House of Lords, Peers are called to the House of Lords with a writ of summons. A hereditary title is not necessarily a title of the peerage, for instance, baronets and baronetesses may pass on their titles, but they are not peers. Conversely, the holder of a title may belong to the peerage. Peerages may be created by means of letters patent, but the granting of new hereditary peerages has dwindled, with six having been created since 1965. The hereditary peerage, as it now exists, combines several different English institutions with analogous ones from Scotland and Ireland, English Earls are an Anglo-Saxon institution. Around 1014, England was divided into shires or counties, largely to defend against the Danes, each shire was led by a great man, called an earl. When the Normans conquered England, they continued to appoint earls, but not for all counties, Earldoms began as offices, with a perquisite of a share of the legal fees in the county, they gradually became honours, with a stipend of £20 a year. Like most feudal offices, earldoms were inherited, but the kings frequently asked earls to resign or exchange earldoms, William the Conqueror and Henry II did not make Dukes, they were themselves only Dukes of Normandy or Aquitaine. But when Edward III of England declared himself King of France, he made his sons Dukes, to them from other noblemen. Later Kings created Marquesses and Viscounts to make finer gradations of honour, which men were ordered to Council varied from Council to Council, a man might be so ordered once and never again, or all his life, but his son and heir might never go. Under Henry VI of England, in the 15th century, just before the Wars of the Roses, the first claim of hereditary right to a writ comes from this reign, so does the first patent, or charter declaring a man to be a Baron. The five orders began to be called Peers, holders of older peerages also began receive greater honour than Peers of the same rank just created. If a man held a peerage, his son would succeed to it, if he had no children, if he had a single daughter, his son-in-law would inherit the family lands, and usually the same Peerage, more complex cases were decided depending on circumstances. Customs changed with time, Earldoms were the first to be hereditary, after Henry II became the Lord of Ireland, he and his successors began to imitate the English system as it was in their time. A writ does not create a peerage in Ireland, all Irish peerages are by patent or charter, in the 18th century, Irish peerages became rewards for English politicians, limited only by the concern that they might go to Dublin and interfere with the Irish Government. Scotland evolved a system, differing in points of detail
Hereditary peer
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The House of Lords (old chamber, burned down in 1834) as drawn by Augustus Pugin and Thomas Rowlandson for Ackermann's Microcosm of London (1808-11).
Hereditary peer
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Charles I (pictured) attempted to withhold a writ of summons for John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol in 1626.
Hereditary peer
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Letters patent granting the Dukedom of Marlborough to Sir John Churchill were later amended by Parliament
Hereditary peer
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In 1984 Harold Macmillan, a former Prime Minister, was the last non-royal recipient of a hereditary peerage, the Earldom of Stockton.
57.
Privy Council of the United Kingdom
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Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. Its membership mainly comprises senior politicians, who are present or former members of either the House of Commons or the House of Lords, the Council also holds the delegated authority to issue Orders of Council, mostly used to regulate certain public institutions. The Council advises the sovereign on the issuing of Royal Charters, which are used to grant special status to incorporated bodies, otherwise, the Privy Councils powers have now been largely replaced by the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. The Judicial Committee consists of judges appointed as Privy Counsellors, predominantly Justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. The Privy Council of the United Kingdom was preceded by the Privy Council of Scotland, the key events in the formation of the modern Privy Council are given below, Witenagemot was an early equivalent to the Privy Council of England. During the reigns of the Norman monarchs, the English Crown was advised by a court or curia regis. The body originally concerned itself with advising the sovereign on legislation, administration, later, different bodies assuming distinct functions evolved from the court. The courts of law took over the business of dispensing justice, nevertheless, the Council retained the power to hear legal disputes, either in the first instance or on appeal. Furthermore, laws made by the sovereign on the advice of the Council, powerful sovereigns often used the body to circumvent the Courts and Parliament. During Henry VIIIs reign, the sovereign, on the advice of the Council, was allowed to enact laws by mere proclamation, the legislative pre-eminence of Parliament was not restored until after Henry VIIIs death. Though the royal Council retained legislative and judicial responsibilities, it became an administrative body. The Council consisted of forty members in 1553, but the sovereign relied on a smaller committee, by the end of the English Civil War, the monarchy, House of Lords, and Privy Council had been abolished. The remaining parliamentary chamber, the House of Commons, instituted a Council of State to execute laws, the forty-one members of the Council were elected by the House of Commons, the body was headed by Oliver Cromwell, de facto military dictator of the nation. In 1653, however, Cromwell became Lord Protector, and the Council was reduced to thirteen and twenty-one members, all elected by the Commons. In 1657, the Commons granted Cromwell even greater powers, some of which were reminiscent of those enjoyed by monarchs, the Council became known as the Protectors Privy Council, its members were appointed by the Lord Protector, subject to Parliaments approval. In 1659, shortly before the restoration of the monarchy, the Protectors Council was abolished, Charles II restored the Royal Privy Council, but he, like previous Stuart monarchs, chose to rely on a small group of advisers. Under George I even more power transferred to this committee and it now began to meet in the absence of the sovereign, communicating its decisions to him after the fact. Thus, the British Privy Council, as a whole, ceased to be a body of important confidential advisers to the sovereign and it is closely related to the word private, and derives from the French word privé
Privy Council of the United Kingdom
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Queen Victoria convened her first Privy Council on the day of her accession in 1837.
Privy Council of the United Kingdom
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United Kingdom
58.
Knight Bachelor
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The appointment of Knight Bachelor is a part of the British honours system. It is the most basic and lowest rank of a man who has been knighted by the monarch, Knights Bachelor are the most ancient sort of British knight, but Knights Bachelor rank below knights of the various orders. There is no counterpart to Knight Bachelor. The lowest knightly honour that can be conferred upon a woman is Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire – which, also, foreigners are not created Knights Bachelor, instead they are generally made honorary KBEs. It is generally awarded for service, amongst its recipients are all male judges of Her Majestys High Court of Justice in England. Sir Patrick Stewart, and Sir Tom Jones are Officers of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, like other knights, Knights Bachelor are styled Sir. Since they are not knights of any order of chivalry, there is no post-nominal associated with the award. This style is adopted by Knights Bachelor who are also peers, baronets or knights of the various statutory orders, such as Sir William Boulton, Bt, Kt, or The Lord Olivier. Until 1926 Knights Bachelor had no insignia which they could wear, the Knights Bachelor badge may be worn on all such occasions upon the left side of the coat or outer garment of those upon whom the degree of Knight Bachelor has been conferred. In 1974, Queen Elizabeth II issued a warrant authorising the wearing on appropriate occasions of a neck badge, slightly smaller in size. In 1988 a new certificate of authentication, a knights only personal documentation, was designed by the College of Arms. The Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor was founded for the maintenance and consolidation of the Dignity of Knights Bachelor in 1908, the Society keeps records of all Knights Bachelor, in their interest
Knight Bachelor
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Knight Bachelor
59.
Aide-de-camp
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An aide-de-camp is a personal assistant or secretary to a person of high rank, usually a senior military, police or government officer, a member of a royal family, or a head of state. This is not to be confused with an adjutant, who is the administrator of a military unit. The first aide-de-camp is typically the foremost personal aide, in some countries, the aide-de-camp is considered to be a title of honour, and participates at ceremonial functions. The badge of office for an aide-de-camp is usually the aiguillette, whether it is worn on the left or the right shoulder is dictated by protocol. A controversy was raised in 2006, when president Néstor Kirchner decided to promote his army aide-de-camp, Lieutenant Colonel Graham to colonel, upon taking office, former president Cristina Kirchner decided to have, for the first time, female officers as her aides-de-camp. In each of the forces, the chief of staff and other senior officers have their own adjutants, normally of the rank of major or lieutenant colonel. An aiguillette is worn on the shoulder by aides-de-camp and adjutants as a symbol of their position. In Belgium the title of Honorary Aide-de-camp to the King can be granted by the court for services rendered. Notable people include Major General Baron Édouard Empain, Count Charles John dOultremont, generals being field marshals, have four, lieutenant generals two, major generals one”. In British colonies and modern-day British overseas territories, the aide-de-camp is appointed to serve the governor, in 1973, the Governor of Bermuda, Sir Richard Sharples, and his aide-de-camp, Captain Hugh Sayers, were murdered on the grounds of Government House. On the last day of British rule in Hong Kong on 30 June 1997 and he then gave the Vice Regal Salute before proceeding, with the Pattens, to leave Government House for the last time. Prince Charles is a personal aide-de-camp to Queen Elizabeth II, Honorary aides-de-camp to the Governor-General or state governors are entitled to the post-nominal ADC during their appointment. Officers of and above the ranks of admiral, major general. Within the navy, an aide-de-camp is called a flag lieutenant, aides-de-camp in Canada are appointed to the Queen and some members of the royal family, the governor general, lieutenant governors, and to certain other appointments. All aides-de-camp also wear the cypher or badge of the principal to whom they are appointed, aides-de-camp to the governor general wear the governor generals badge and aides-de-camp to a lieutenant governor wear the lieutenant governors badge. They are appointed officers of the Canadian Forces. In certain instances, civilians may be appointed, non-uniformed civilians do not wear the aiguillette, but do wear their lieutenant governors badge as a symbol of their appointment. Aides-de-camp to royal and vice-regal personages wear the aiguillette on the right shoulder, aides-de-camp to all others wear their aiguillette on the left shoulder
Aide-de-camp
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A French aide-de-camp (right) assisting a général de division (centre), during the Napoleonic wars.
Aide-de-camp
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Aide-de-camp Colonel Jean-Claude Cloutier with then–Quebec Lieutenant-Governor Lise Thibault.
Aide-de-camp
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Three lieutenant shoulder boards of the Royal Canadian Navy with the insignia worn by honorary aides-de-camp to the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia (left) Lieutenant Governor of Québec (centre) and Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick (right).
Aide-de-camp
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General Sir Baker Russell wearing the full-dress uniform of an Aide-de-Camp to Queen Victoria
60.
Royal Family Orders of the United Kingdom
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A Royal Family Order is an order awarded by the sovereign of the United Kingdom to female members of the British Royal Family, as they typically do not wear the commemorative medals that men do. The order is a personal rather than a state decoration. The same practice is in place in the United Kingdom as is in the families of Norway, Sweden, Denmark. The first Royal Family Order was issued during and after the regency of George IV, prior to 1820, he started the practice of presenting the order to ladies and gentlemen of the Court, particularly female members of the Royal family. His order was rather ornate in appearance, and the frame that surrounded his portrait was of diamond oak leaves, the badge was suspended from a white silk bow which varied for men and women. As a young woman, Princess Victoria of Kent received this badge from her uncle, after George IV, each succeeding sovereign, except William IV and Edward VIII, has issued his or her own Royal Family Order. A slight variation in the practice of the Royal Family Order came with the reign of Queen Victoria. When Victoria came to the throne there was no Royal Family Order until after her marriage she created her Royal Order of Victoria and Albert in 1862, the order consisted of a cameo portrait of Victoria and Albert, and was suspended from a white ribbon. No other Royal Family Order has depicted both the sovereign and the sovereigns consort, related to the Royal Family Order is Queen Alexandras ladies order, which is sometimes mistakenly called Queen Alexandras Royal Family Order. This is not an order, but rather one that was personally issued by Queen Alexandra to those in her service or family. It consists of a cameo portrait of Edward VII and Alexandra hung from a silk red. For her Mistress of the Robes, Alexandra provided a similar but larger version of this Order and her successors as Queen Consort followed her example in providing a jewelled cameo portrait hung from a ribbon, to serve as a badge of office for their Mistresses of the Robes. The Queens other Ladies-in-Waiting wear their own badge, a jewelled letter E within an oval frame. The badge of the consists of a portrait of the Sovereign set in diamonds. The ribbon of each Royal Family Order changes with each monarch, Edward VIIs was variegated of red, blue, and white, George Vs was pale blue, each contained a portrait of the sovereign, usually in uniform, or evening dress. The reverse of the order contains the cypher of the sovereign. The Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II depicts The Queen in evening dress wearing the ribbon, the miniature, painted on ivory, is bordered by diamonds and surmounted by a Tudor crown in diamonds and red enamel. The reverse, in silver-gilt, is patterned with rays and depicts the royal cypher and St Edwards Crown in gold, the watered silk ribbon is chartreuse yellow and formed into a bow
Royal Family Orders of the United Kingdom
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The insignia of ladies of the first class of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert
Royal Family Orders of the United Kingdom
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The insignia of ladies of the second class of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert.
Royal Family Orders of the United Kingdom
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The insignia of ladies of the third class of the Order of Victoria and Albert.
Royal Family Orders of the United Kingdom
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Queen Elizabeth II wearing the Royal Family Orders of King George V (her grandfather) and King George VI (her father) in 2006. The star and collar are a Brazilian decoration, the Order of the Southern Cross.
61.
Royal Order of Victoria and Albert
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The Royal Order of Victoria and Albert was a British Royal Family Order instituted on 10 February 1862 by Queen Victoria, and enlarged on 10 October 1864,15 November 1865, and 15 March 1880. No awards were made after the death of Queen Victoria, the order had four classes and was only granted to female members of the British Royal Family and female courtiers. All four were surmounted by a crown, which was attached to a bow of white silk moiré ribbon, the honour conferred no rank or title upon the recipient, but recipients were entitled to use the post-nominal letters VA. The last holder of the Order, Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, like other British Orders which have fallen into disuse, it has never been formally abolished. Each British monarch since Victoria has become Sovereign of the Order upon accession to the throne, the current monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, thus has been Sovereign of the Order since 1952. I. Mrs. Grant Ethel H. M. Cadogan Mrs. John Haughton Whitakers Almanack,1893 British Imperial Calendar,1900,1902 The Times
Royal Order of Victoria and Albert
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Royal Order of Victoria and Albert
Royal Order of Victoria and Albert
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Badge of the Order of Victoria and Albert given to Princess Alexandra of Denmark upon her marriage to Victoria's son and heir, the Prince of Wales.
Royal Order of Victoria and Albert
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Portrait of Queen Victoria at her Golden Jubilee, wearing the Sovereign's badge of the Order.
Royal Order of Victoria and Albert
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The German Empress Victoria wearing the Order, along with the Prussian Luise Order (also an order only for women)
62.
Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II
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The Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II is an honour bestowed on female members of the British Royal Family by Queen Elizabeth II. The order is worn on formal occasions, the Royal Family Order depicts a young Queen Elizabeth II in evening dress wearing the ribbon and star of the Order of the Garter. The miniature, painted on ivory, is bordered by diamonds and surmounted by a Tudor Crown in diamonds, the reverse, in silver-gilt, is patterned with rays and depicts the royal cypher and St. Edwards Crown in gold and enamel. The watered silk ribbon is yellow and formed into a bow. It is worn pinned to the dress of the recipient on the left shoulder
Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II
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Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II
Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II
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Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother wearing the insignia of the order.
Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II
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Sophie, Countess of Wessex wearing the order
Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II
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Orders exclusively for women:
63.
George Cross
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The George Cross is the second highest award of the United Kingdom honours system. It is awarded for not in the face of the enemy to members of the British armed forces. It has always been able to be awarded posthumously and it was previously awarded to Commonwealth countries, most of which have established their own honours systems and no longer recommend British honours. Many of the awards have been presented by the British monarch to both recipients and in the case of posthumous awards to next of kin. These investitures are held at Buckingham Palace. The George Cross was instituted on 24 September 1940 by King George VI, at this time, during the height of the Blitz, there was a strong desire to reward the many acts of civilian courage. I propose to give my name to this new distinction, which will consist of the George Cross, which will rank next to the Victoria Cross, the medal was designed by Percy Metcalfe. The Warrant for the GC, dated 24 September 1940, was published in The London Gazette on 31 January 1941. The GC replaced the Empire Gallantry Medal, all holders of the EGM were instructed to exchange their medals for a GC and this substitution policy ignored holders of the Albert Medal and the Edward Medal, awards which both took precedence over the EGM. The anomaly was rectified in 1971, when the recipients of the AM. Of the 64 holders of the Albert Medal and 68 holders of the Edward Medal eligible to exchange,49 and 59 respectively took up the option. The GC, which may be awarded posthumously, is granted in recognition of, the award is for civilians but also for military personnel whose actions would not normally be eligible to receive military awards, such as gallantry not in the face of the enemy. The Warrant states, The Cross is intended primarily for civilians, bars are awarded to the GC in recognition of the performance of further acts of bravery meriting the award, although none has yet been awarded. Recipients are entitled to the postnominal letters GC, All GC awards are published in The London Gazette with the exception of the two collective bestowals. Since its inception in 1940, the GC has been awarded 407 times,401 to men,4 to women, of the 159 individuals who received original awards,86 have been posthumous. In addition there were four recipients of the Empire Gallantry Medal whose awards were gazetted after the start of the Second World War. All the other recipients were living as of the date of the decisions for the exchanges. The George Cross has, on the instruction of the Sovereign, been awarded twice on a collective basis, to the island of Malta
George Cross
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Obverse of the cross. Ribbon: 38 mm, dark blue.
George Cross
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George Cross as it appears on Commonwealth War Graves Commission headstones.
George Cross
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The George Cross awarded to Malta (National War Museum, Malta)
George Cross
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Memorial to Australian recipients, George Cross Park, Canberra
64.
Royal Red Cross
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The Royal Red Cross is a military decoration awarded in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth for exceptional services in military nursing. The award was established on 27 April 1883 by Queen Victoria, with a class of Member and first awarded into the founder of Modern Nursing. A second and lower class, Associate, was added during World War I in 1917 and this decoration had the distinction of being conferred exclusively to females until 1976. It is conferred on members of the nursing services regardless of rank, holders of the second class who receive a further award are promoted to the first class, although an initial award can also be made in the first class. Holders of the first class who receive an award are awarded a bar. Recipients of the Royal Red Cross are entitled to use the post-nominal letters RRC or ARRC for Members, the badge for RRC is in the shape of a golden cross,1.375 inches wide, the obverse enamelled red, with a circular medallion at its centre. The words Faith, Hope and Charity are inscribed on the limbs of the cross. The reverse is plain except a circular medallion bearing the Royal Cypher of the reigning monarch. The badge for ARRC is in the shape of a cross,1.375 inches wide, the obverse enamelled red, with broad silver edges around the enamel. The ribbon for both grades is dark blue with edge stripes. The bar is linked to the cross and is made of red enamel, a rosette is worn on the ribbon in undress to denote a bar to the RRC. Category, Members of the Royal Red Cross British and Commonwealth orders, Royal Red Cross Medal Manufacturer of The Royal Red Cross
Royal Red Cross
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Orders exclusively for women:
Royal Red Cross
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Medal and ribbon
65.
Queen's Police Medal
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The Queens Police Medal is awarded to police officers in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth of Nations, for gallantry or distinguished service. It was created on 19 May 1954, when it replaced the Kings Police and Fire Services Medal, the KPM was introduced by a Royal Warrant of 7 July 1909, initially inspired by the need to recognise the gallantry of the police officers involved in the Tottenham Outrage. The original KPM, despite its name, could also be awarded to members of recognised fire brigades, more could be awarded in exceptional circumstances. A specially distinguished record in administrative or detective service, success in organizing Police Forces or Fire Brigades or Departments, or in maintaining their organization under special difficulties. Special services in dealing with serious or widespread outbreaks of crime or public disorder, special services to Royalty and Heads of States. Prolonged service, but only when distinguished by very exceptional ability, provision was also made for the forfeiture of the award in the event that a recipient was later convicted of a criminal offence. Minor amendments to the warrant were made on 3 October 1916, on 1 October 1930, changes were made to the forfeiture provisions, no longer specifying grounds for forfeiture, but also allowing the medal to be restored again. In the 1932 New Year Honours list, a distinction was made signifying only some of the medals were being awarded for gallantry, both types of award adopted the current ribbon design, with a further silver strip in the middle of the ribbon. In 1936, amendments of 25 May gave greater provision for territories to opt to award their own equivalent medals, further minor amendments were made on 15 December. On 6 September 1940, the name was changed to the Kings Police, there was no longer any limit on the number to be awarded in one year. Between 30 December 2009 and 12 June 2011, the medal was awarded to 71 officers in England, the most common form of the current award is the Queens Police Medal for Distinguished Service. Acts of gallantry in the police service normally attract the George Cross, over time, many Commonwealth countries have created their own police medals, replacing the issue of the QPM to police in those countries. For example, Australia created the Australian Police Medal in 1986 and it did not supersede the QPM which continued to be awarded to Australians until 1989. On 5 October 1992, Australian Prime Minister, Paul Keating, the Australian Order of Wear states that all imperial British awards made to Australian citizens after 5 October 1992 are foreign awards and should be worn accordingly. Recipients may use the post-nominal letters QPM, QPFSM, QFSM, KPM or KPFSM, as appropriate, the circular silver medal is 36 mm in diameter. On the obverse is a profile of The Queen, the reverse depicts a figure holding a sword and shield. The words For Distinguished Police Service or For Gallantry are inscribed around the edge of the reverse side, the ribbons colours consist of three silver stripes and two wide blue stripes. For the Gallantry award, a red stripe runs through each silver stripe
Queen's Police Medal
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King's Police Medal for Gallantry awarded 1911
66.
Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
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The DSC, which may be awarded posthumously, is granted in recognition of. Gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea, the award was originally created in 1901 as the Conspicuous Service Cross, for award to warrant and junior officers ineligible for the DSO. It was renamed the Distinguished Service Cross in October 1914, eligibility being extended to all officers below the rank of lieutenant commander. In 1931, the award was made available to members of the Merchant Navy, the DSC now serves as the third level award for gallantry at sea for all ranks. Since 1916, bars to the DSC have been awarded in recognition of the performance of acts of gallantry meriting the award. Recipients are entitled to the post-nominal DSC and this DSC is a plain silver cross with rounded edges. The obverse has a centre within which can be seen the Royal Cypher of the reigning monarch at the time of award. From 1940 year of issue has been engraved on lower limb of cross, the reverse is plain apart from the hallmark and the ribbon is attached via a hall-marked silver ring. The ribbon has three stripes of dark blue, white and dark blue. Only one person has ever awarded the Distinguished Service Cross four times. Norman Eyre Morley served in the Royal Naval Reserve during World War I and he was awarded the DSC for the first time in 1919. He was awarded his second DSC in 1944 and he was awarded the DSC a further two times in 1945. He gained an entry into the Guinness Book of Records as the most decorated reserve officer, awarded DSC in 1940,1942, and 1944. Thomas Le Mesurier, served in the Royal Air Force during World War I as an ace credited with seven aerial victories. Awarded DSC twice in 1917 and in 1918, george James Macdonald, served in the Royal New Zealand Navy Richard Minifie, served in the Royal Naval Air Service during World War I. Awarded DSC in twice in 1917 and in 1918, stanley Orr, served in the Royal Navy during World War II. Awarded DSC in 1940,1941, and 1944, peter Piper, served in the Royal Naval Reserve during World War II. Awarded DSC in 1939 and twice in 1941, recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross British and Commonwealth orders and decorations Mackay, J. and Mussel, J. Medals Yearbook –2005,2004, Token Publishing
Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
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The medal. Ribbon: 36mm, three equal parts of dark blue, white, and dark blue.
67.
Constabulary Medal (Ireland)
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The Constabulary Medal was a decoration of the Royal Irish Constabulary. The medal was established on 15 April 1842, by the Inspector General of the Royal Irish Constabulary and approved by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Though it was not formally created by the crown, but was an award with viceregal approval. The medal is made of silver, and 36 mm in diameter. The obverse of the medal depicts a harp within a wreath. The reverse bears a wreath half in olive leaves and the half in shamrocks. The center is plain to allow for the engraving of the name of the recipient, image of the medal, second version The Royal Irish Constabulary Forum
Constabulary Medal (Ireland)
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Black and white rendering of the Constabulary Medal, first version
68.
Sea Gallantry Medal
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The Sea Gallantry Medal, is an award for civil gallantry at sea in Great Britain and the Commonwealth. The Merchant Shipping Act 1854 permitted the issue of this award and they were first awarded either for humanity, or for gallantry. Recipients are entitled to the post-nomial SGM, there have been two awards of the Sea Gallantry Medal since 1974, one in 1981 and the other in 1989. No Sea Gallantry Medals have been awarded since this time. J
Sea Gallantry Medal
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Ribbon of the SGM
69.
Queen's Gallantry Medal
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It was instituted on 20 June 1974 to replace the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry and the British Empire Medal for Gallantry. The QGM ended the situation where the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry was awarded for acts of bravery than the George Medal. The QGM has been awarded posthumously since 30 November 1977 and no awards of either the Queens Police Medal for Gallantry or the Colonial Police Medal for Gallantry have been gazetted. The QGM is awarded for acts of bravery and as at the end of 2013 there have been 1044 awards including 19 bars. The military received 525 awards and civilians 519 awards including 120 awards to the Royal Ulster Constabulary, the post nominal for the award is QGM. The QGM is silver and circular in shape,36 mm in diameter, the obverse of the medal shows the crowned effigy of the monarch. The reverse bears the image of a St. Edwards Crown above the words The Queens Gallantry Medal in four lines, the ribbon is of three equal stripes of dark blue, pearl grey and dark blue with a narrow rose pink stripe in the centre. Further awards of the QGM are indicated by a bar ornamented with laurel leaves. When the ribbon alone is worn, a silver rosette denotes award of the Clasp, after 1954, the Queens Police medal could only be awarded posthumously. Among the more notable recipients are, Guy Edwards, former Formula 1 driver, noted for assisting several drivers in rescuing Niki Lauda from his blazing Ferrari 312T at the 1976 German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring. Awarded 1976 for his rescue of Lauda, charles Bruce, former 22 Special Air Service Soldier. Awarded, November 1986 for his conduct in Operation Banner, Northern Ireland in December 1984, awarded, December 2007 for his actions in the 2007 Glasgow International Airport attack Peter Edmonds, Metropolitan Police Officer. A Catholic man, Patrick Gillespie, who had been an employee of the British Army, was forced to drive where the soldiers would be or his two sons would be shot. He was to tell the soldiers they had forty minutes to get clear, smith, also a Catholic, died trying to warn colleagues and was awarded the Queens Gallantry Medal posthumously. Awarded 1976 for multiple rescues in Coolangatta Hotel fire on New Years Day,1975, hewett-Lacon was then a 23 year old Queensland Police officer. 36 occupants were saved after the hotel was set on fire by an arsonist under the guest area, only 40 Australians have ever been awarded the Queens Gallantry Medal with the Imperial system being replaced by the Australian system of honours and awards. The account is included in For Exemplary Bravery-The Queens Gallantry Medal by Nick Metcalfe MBE, QGM, awarded 1976 for rescue work, as above, at Coolangatta, Australia. Mr Rogers was also a 21 year old serving Queensland Police officer at the time, British and Commonwealth orders and decorations Royal Logistic Corps#Operational honours Royal Logistic Corps Operational Honours Abbott, Peter Edward, Tamplin, John Michael Alan
Queen's Gallantry Medal
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Reverse of medal and ribbon
70.
Royal Victorian Medal
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The Royal Victorian Medal is a decoration established by Queen Victoria in April 1896. On 14 May 1912, King George V further confirmed the institution of the medal with a royal warrant. A part of the Royal Victorian Order, it is a reward for service to the Sovereign or the royal family. Although the Medal is related to the Royal Victorian Order, it differs in appearance, the medal has three levels, Bronze, Silver and Gold. Bars may be awarded to each level of Medal to denote subsequent awards, recipients may continue to wear their original medal if they are awarded a higher level for further service. The medal may also be worn in addition to the badge of the Royal Victorian Order if this is given to them. Recipients are entitled to use the post-nominal letters RVM, in creating the Royal Victorian Order in 1896, Queen Victoria decided to make a medal a part of the order as well. This medal would be used to reward those who had rendered service to the monarch and the royal family. This creation followed the precedent of other European monarchs who had royal household medals with which to reward servants, the first medals were received 7 July 1896 and were presented to Russians by the Duke of Connaught while he was in Russia for the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II. The medal has been used to recognise the service of police officers who work in protective services, gardeners, housekeepers, drivers, valets. Non-commissioned members of the military may also be awarded the medal for services, the medal is often awarded for service to the monarch and royal family during royal visits. The medal may be looked upon as a service medal. Originally ranked near the end, the medal now ranks ahead of campaign, jubilee, efficiency and this gradual increase in importance was marked by the July 1980 approval, by the Queen, to allow the use of the postnominal RVM by recipients of the medal. The medal is circular,28 mm in diameter, struck in bronze, silver, the obverse bears the young effigy of Queen Elizabeth II. Surrounding the effigy is the inscription Elizabeth II Dei Gratia Regina F D, the reverse depicts the royal cypher, surrounded by a wreath or ribbons and laurel leaves. A curled ribbon at the bears the inscription, Royal Victorian Medal. Attached by a suspension, the medal is borne by a blue ribbon with thin stripes of white. Awards to foreigners have a central stripe
Royal Victorian Medal
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Medal and ribbon
71.
Queen's Volunteer Reserves Medal
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The Queens Volunteer Reserves Medal was created by Royal Warrant of Queen Elizabeth II on 29 March 1999. Only 13 Queens Volunteer Reserves Medals may be awarded in a year, the medal is presented only to members of the Volunteer Reserves of the British Armed Services for exemplary meritorious service in the conduct of their duties. The QVRM is a Level 3 award and ranks in order of wear immediately after the British Empire Medal. It is the first exclusive award to Volunteer Reserves that is presented at an investiture, the first awards were announced in the 1999 Queens Birthday Honours with these first awards presented at an investiture on 5 November 1999. The medal is circular and made of coloured metal. The obverse bears the sovereigns effigy surrounded by the inscription ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA FID DEF, the reverse depicts a scroll with the inscription The Queens Volunteer Reserves Medal. The ribbon is green with three narrow gold stripes. Receipt of this medal is entitles the holder to use the post-nominals QVRM, there are no clasps awarded for this medal. British and Commonwealth orders and decorations Military awards and decorations of the United Kingdom
Queen's Volunteer Reserves Medal
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Obverse and reverse of the medal
72.
Queen's Medal for Chiefs
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The Queens Medal for Chiefs is an award of the British Empire. The medal was established in 1920, during the colonial period, the medal was granted to the chiefs within the numerous African, Asian, American and Pacific colonies and mandated territories that made up the then very extensive British Empire. The medal is no longer awarded, medals were struck bearing the effigies of George V, George VI, and Elizabeth II. The earliest versions of the medal were worn on a silver chain, later medals were suspended from a yellow ribbon with two white stripes for the gold medal and yellow with a single white center stripe for the silver medal. In 1920, the medal was a silver oval 67 mm by 50.2 mm on a silver chain 78 cm in length, the links of the chain took the form of Tudor roses, the royal monogram GRI, and crowns. The design was by Sir Bertram Mackennal, on the obverse was the effigy of the King-Emperor George V surrounded by the inscription GEORGE V KING AND EMPEROR. The reverse depicts a freighter and a battleship in a tropical port, in 1953 the medal was a silver oval 67.8 mm by 50 mm on a silver chain 82 cm in length. The links were in the form of Tudor roses, the royal monogram EIIR, the obverse bears the effigy of Elizabeth II by Cecil Thomas surrounded by the inscription QUEEN ELIZABETH THE SECOND. The reverse remained unchanged between versions, after 1953, the medals were hung from a yellow ribbon with white stripes. The medals followed the prior obverse and reverse designs but were of a size,49.9 mm by 33.9 mm. This medal was struck by the Royal Mint
Queen's Medal for Chiefs
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Queen's Medal for Chiefs in Gold
Queen's Medal for Chiefs
73.
Polar Medal
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The Polar Medal is a medal awarded by the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. It was instituted in 1857 as the Arctic Medal and renamed the Polar Medal in 1904, the first polar award was called the Arctic Medal which was presented twice in the 19th century. The second presentation of the Arctic Medal was to the crews of three ships exploring the Arctic in 1875–76. In 1904, the Polar Medal was inaugurated for members of Captain Scotts first expedition to Antarctica. It was also awarded to the crews of both ships, Terra Nova and Morning. Subsequent medals were awarded to members of Ernest Shackletons expeditions in 1907–09. Until 1968, the Polar Medal was presented to anyone who participated in a polar expedition endorsed by the governments of any Commonwealth realms, however since then the rules governing its presentation have been revised with greater emphasis placed on personal achievement. The Medal may also be awarded in recognition of service of outstanding quality in support of the objectives of Polar expeditions. A total of 880 silver and 245 bronze medals have been issued for Antarctic expeditions, another 73 silver medals have been issued for service in the Arctic. Several people have been awarded bars to the medal for earning the award again for polar expeditions, both Frank Wild and Ernest Joyce hold the joint record of four bars on their Polar Medal. The medal is octagonal in shape with a white ribbon, the reverse of the original Arctic Medal showed a three-masted ship surrounded by ice floes. The die for the medal was engraved by Leonard Charles Wyon, a new design by Ernest Gillick was used from 1904, showing RRS Discovery, with a sledging party in the foreground. The obverse bears a portrait of the reigning monarch, the medal was originally cast in both silver and bronze. Since 1939, all awarded medals have been silver, bronze medals were presented to personnel on relief ships for Antarctic expeditions, they were never awarded to participants of Arctic expeditions. The Government of Australia replaced the Polar Medal with its own Australian Antarctic Medal in 1987, in 1996, when New Zealand revised its royal honours system, New Zealanders ceased to receive the Polar Medal. It was proposed that the medal would be preserved, with a new name, under New Zealand regulations, the rationale for the renaming was that it is in relation to Antarctica that New Zealands endeavours and achievements have been made. The Report on honours that recommended the change contained the inaccurate claim that the medal was named after the North Pole, the new medal was formally instituted by the Queen of New Zealand on 1 September 2006. In 2016 the medal was awarded to Kim Crosbie for her work in both the arctic and the antarctic, category, Recipients of the Polar Medal Poulsom, Neville W. The White Ribbon, A Medallic Record of British Polar Expeditions, Poulsom, Neville, W, and Myres, J. A. L
Polar Medal
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Reverse of medal and ribbon
74.
Imperial Service Medal
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The Imperial Service Medal is a medal affiliated with the Imperial Service Order. The medal was established under the statutes of the Imperial Service Order, on 8 August 1902 and it is presented to selected civil servants who complete 25 years service upon their retirement. When originally created the Imperial Service Medal was a star, in the same pattern as the Imperial Service order
Imperial Service Medal
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Obverse and reverse of the medal
Imperial Service Medal
Imperial Service Medal
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Ribbon bar of the medal
Imperial Service Medal
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Edward 7th design ISM
75.
Queen's Commendation for Bravery
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The award may be granted posthumously and is not restricted to British subjects. The award does not give rise to post nominal letters and is denoted by a spray of laurel leaves. The Queens Commendation for Bravery in the Air is the equivalent award for acts of bravery in the air and it is denoted by silver wings. If either was awarded during an operation or campaign for which a campaign or other medal was issued, when no medal was issued, the award is worn on the uniform or coat on the right breast after all other medals. Military Honours and Awards, Ministry of Defence
Queen's Commendation for Bravery
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Queen's Commendation for Bravery
Queen's Commendation for Bravery
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Queen's Commendation for Bravery in the Air
76.
Empire Gallantry Medal
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King George V introduced it on 29 December 1922. Recipients were entitled to use the post-nominal letters EGM and as a Medal of the Order of the British Empire it was divided into military. Unlike appointments to the Order of the British Empire it could be awarded posthumously, the EGM was awarded until 1940, when it was superseded by the George Cross. Shortly after the commencement of the Blitz, King George VI created the George Cross to recognise gallantry by men and women in all walks of civilian life and it was to rank immediately after the Victoria Cross. The Empire Gallantry Medal was revoked by Royal Warrant on 24 September 1940, all living recipients and the next-of-kin of recipients who had been posthumously awarded the medal after 3 September 1939 were obliged to exchange the Empire Gallantry Medal for the George Cross. It was only in 1971, that then living recipients of the Albert Medal, the medal and ribbon were designed first by Langford Jones, though it was changed throughout its existence. The phrase For God and the Empire was inscribed round the side of the obverse. The first type of reverse had six lions, with the Royal Cypher centred, the 2nd type of reverse had four lions, two on either side of the Royal Cypher. The original ribbon was plain purple, with the addition of a vertical red stripe for military awards. A silver laurel branch was added diagonally to the ribbon for both types of award in 1933, the ribbon changed to rose ink with pearl grey edges in July 1937, with an addition pearl grey vertical stripe for military awards, and stayed in this version until its revocation. Of the remaining 122 awards,112 were exchanged including four Military Division posthumous awards gazetted after the start of World War II, the following list is in part extracted from the fuller list at List of George Cross recipients. Also intended to be included here are 18 awards of the EGM that were not exchanged for the George Cross, where present in the table below, these are marked. Information on the Empire Gallantry Medal Imperial War Museum, George Cross and Empire Gallantry Medal. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009
Empire Gallantry Medal
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Blogg, Henry George Henry George Blogg
Empire Gallantry Medal
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Empire Gallantry Medal
Empire Gallantry Medal
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Branch, Guy Guy Branch
Empire Gallantry Medal
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March, Frederick Hamilton Frederick Hamilton March
77.
Military Medal
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The medal was established on 25 March 1916. It was the other ranks equivalent to the Military Cross, which was awarded to commissioned officers and, rarely, to warrant officers, the MM ranked below the Distinguished Conduct Medal, which was also awarded to non-commissioned members of the Army. According to Frank Richards, when the medal was first introduced, Richards writes, There were no grants or allowances with the Military Medal, which without a shadow of a doubt had been introduced to save awarding too many DCMs. With the DCM went a money-grant of twenty pounds, and a man in receipt of a life pension who had won the DCM was entitled to an extra sixpence a day on to his pension. After the new decoration was introduced, for every DCM awarded there were fifty Military Medals, the old regular soldiers thought very little of the new decoration. Recipients of the Military Medal are entitled to use the post-nominal letters MM, over 115,000 awards were made for actions during the First World War. Additionally, over 5,700 bars were awarded, as well as 180 second bars, during the Second World War, over 15,000 awards of the MM were made. In 1993, the Military Medal was discontinued, since then, the Military Cross has been awarded to personnel of all ranks within the British honours system. Several Commonwealth nations, such as Australia, New Zealand and Canada, have established their own systems in the post Second World War era. The medal and ribbon had the features, A circular silver medal of 36 mm diameter. The obverse bears the effigy of the reigning monarch, the reverse has the inscription FOR BRAVERY IN THE FIELD in four lines, surrounded by a laurel wreath, surmounted by the Royal Cypher and Imperial Crown. The suspender is of a scroll type. The ribbon is blue,1.25 inches wide, with five equal centre stripes of white, red, white, red. Silver, laurelled bars are authorised for subsequent awards, over 135,000 people have been awarded the Military Medal. Among the more notable recipients are, Walter Bingham, Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany who served in Normandy, ian Bailey, who was awarded the medal as a Corporal in The Parachute Regiment during the Falklands War, and went on to become a Captain. Geoffrey Bingham, Australian theologian and author, mairi Chisholm, British volunteer ambulance driver. Douglas Clark, British rugby league footballer and wrestler, william Coltman, who was also awarded the Victoria Cross, and was the most highly decorated NCO of the First World War. Robert Gaspare Consiglio, Special Air Service member killed during Bravo Two Zero patrol, ernest Albert Corey, the only person to be awarded the MM four times
Military Medal
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French soldiers, after having been awarded the Military Medal, Battle of the Somme 1916
Military Medal
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Obverse of medal and ribbon
78.
Distinguished Flying Medal
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The medal was established on 3 June 1918. It was the other ranks equivalent to the Distinguished Flying Cross, the decoration ranked below the DFC in order of precedence, between the Military Medal and the Air Force Medal. Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Medal are entitled to use the post-nominal letters DFM and it was announced in the London Gazette on 3 June 1918, but the actual Royal Warrants were not published in the London Gazette until 5 December 1919. In 1993, the DFM was discontinued and, since then, there were two categories of award, either Immediate or Non-Immediate. Immediate An Immediate award was one which was recommended by a senior officer, an example of an Immediate award is that to Leslie Marsh, which was published in the London Gazette on 15 February 1944. 1482444 Sergeant Leslie MARSH, Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, No.103 Squadron and this airman was the mid-upper gunner of an aircraft detailed to attack Mannheim one night in September,1943. When nearing the area the aircraft was hit by machine gun fire from a fighter. The rear gunner was killed and Sergeant Marsh was wounded in the legs, although in great pain Sergeant Marsh remained at his post. Coolly withholding his fire until the attacker came into close range he then delivered an accurate burst which caused the aircraft to break away. On two occasions, more recently, his cool and determined work has played a part in the success of the sortie. Sergeant Marsh is a model of efficiency and his example of courage, non-immediate Non-Immediate awards were made by the Monarch on the recommendation of the Air Ministry and were to reward devotion to duty sustained over a period of time. During the First World War,104 Distinguished Flying Medals were awarded, the first awards appeared in the London Gazette of 3 June 1918, where two recipients are listed. 113763 Serjeant John Charles Hagan The first award of a Bar to the Distinguished Flying Medal was announced in the London Gazette on 3 December 1918 and it was awarded to 67162 Sergt. -Observer. Arthur Newland, D. F. M. who had awarded a DFM on 21 September 1918. Honorary awards of the DFM were made in the period 1918–19 to three Belgian airmen and one French airman, in the period between the World Wars,41 awards of the DFM were made between 1920 and 1929 and a further 38 between 1930 and 1939. During the Second World War,6,637 DFMs were awarded, at least 170 Honorary DFMs and 2 Honorary Bars were awarded to aircrew from other non-Commonwealth countries. 39 were awarded to servicemen of the USA, one Belgian,14 Czechoslovakian plus one Bar,33 French,7 Dutch,6 Norwegian,66 Polish plus one Bar, and 4 Russian. A second bar to the DFM was uniquely awarded to Flight Sergeant Donald Ernest Kingaby on 7 November 1941, an oval, silver medal,35 mm wide and 41 mm long
Distinguished Flying Medal
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Obverse (top left) and reverse (top right) of the medal.
Distinguished Flying Medal
Distinguished Flying Medal
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Distinguished Flying Medal.
79.
Air Force Medal
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The medal was established on 3 June 1918. It was the other ranks equivalent to the Air Force Cross and it ranked below the AFC in order of precedence, between the Distinguished Flying Medal and the Queens Gallantry Medal. Recipients of the Air Force Medal are entitled to use the post-nominal letters AFM, two awards appeared in the London Gazette on 3 June 1918. Twenty-nine awards appeared in a supplement to the London Gazette of 8 February 1919, see also Flight Magazine,20 February 1919, at page 243. Further awards appeared in the London Gazette of 3 June 1919, the first awards of a Bar to the Air Force Medal were published in the London Gazette of 3 June 1919. See also 26 December 1919 for pioneering intercontinental flights, Air Ministry, Kings way, London,26 December 1919. No.275 Sergeant James Mallett Bennett, A. F. M, no.8974 Sergeant Walter Henry Shiers, A. F. M. In 1993, the AFM was discontinued and, since then, there were two categories of award, either Immediate or Non-Immediate. Immediate An Immediate award was one which was recommended by an officer, usually in respect of an act or acts of bravery or devotion to duty. Non-immediate Non-Immediate awards were made by the Monarch on the recommendation of the Air Ministry and were to reward devotion to duty sustained over a period of time, in 1918, twenty awards were made, in 1919 there were 82 and 2 Bars, and in 192023 more. In the period from 1940 to 1945, there were 259 awards, from 1946 to 1969, there were 348 medals and 2 bars awarded. An oval, silver medal,1 3⁄8 inches wide and 1 5⁄8 inches long, the obverse shows a bareheaded effigy of the reigning sovereign. The reverse shows Hermes, mounted on a hawk in flight and bestowing a wreath, the date 1918 appears behind Hermes on the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II medals. A bomb is attached to the clasp and ribbon by two wings, the ribbon is 1 1⁄4 inches wide, and consists of alternate red and white stripes, 1⁄16 inch wide, leaning 45 degrees to the left. A red stripe is to appear in the left and upper right corners when viewed on the wearers chest. Until 1919, the stripes were horizontal
Air Force Medal
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Reverse of medal and ribbon
80.
Burma Gallantry Medal
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Established by royal warrant in 1940, it was first awarded 26 March 1942 and last awarded 28 November 1947. The medal 36 mm in diameter, is round and made of silver, the obverse bears the crowned effigy of King George VI facing left with the inscription around the edge GEORGIVS VI D, G, BR, OMN, REX ET INDIAE, IMP. The reverse bears a wreath and the inscription Burma and For Gallantry. The medal is suspended from a green ribbon with a crimson central stripe
Burma Gallantry Medal
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Ribbon bar of the medal
81.
Indian Police Medal
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The Indian Police Medal was an award of the British Raj presented to both European and Asian police personnel. Established in 1932, the award was presented for meritorious service and it was decided that further recognition was required for the members of the police forces within India. Already eligible for the Kings Police Medal, there were acts of service and bravery notable enough for recognition. On 23 February 1932, a warrant was promulgated establishing the Indian Police Medal. The medal was meant to recognize acts of meritorious and noteworthy service, as well as gallantry. The medal was limited to 200 annual awards, a royal warrant in 1942 allowed the Viceroy of India, in exceptional circumstances, to raise the number of awards to 250 in a year. The Indian Police Medal ceased to be awarded after India became a republic, the Indian Police medal was replaced by the Police Medal which was established by the Government of India notification dated 15 March 1951. The Indian Police Medal is round and made of bronze, the obverse bears the effigy of the reigning monarch. The reverse of the medal depicts a wreath around the edge, in the middle are the words FOR GALLANTRY or FOR MERITORIOUS SERVICE depending on the conditions under which the medal was awarded. The first version of the medal bore the inscription FOR DISTINGUISHED CONDUCT, the suspension and service ribbons of the medal are 1 3⁄8 inches wide. It is dark blue, with edges and a crimson centre stripe. For gallantry awards, the sections are split by a thin silver stripe
Indian Police Medal
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Original ribbon, used for meritorious awards after 1945 Ribbon for gallantry awards 1945-1950
82.
Canada Medal
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The Canada Medal was an honour created in 1943 as part of an attempt to establish an indigenous honours system in Canada. It was meant to serve as the top award that could be awarded to civilians, the increase in demand for civilian honours during the Second World War led to the creation of a committee to examine honours in Canada. While the committee dealt with regulations regarding British honours, the committee did manage to have the Canada Medal created. Though established by Royal Warrant and added to the order of wear as early as 1947, the medal was abolished in 1966, just prior to the creation of the Order of Canada. Despite the fact that it was never awarded, it continues to appear in the order of wear published in the London Gazette. In the aftermath of the First World War there was a sense of dissatisfaction in how honours were distributed, the effect was the passage of the Nickel Resolution. The resolution created a policy of Canadians not being appointed to peerages or titular honours, in 1931, the Statute of Westminster reaffirmed the equality of the self-governing dominions of the British Empire, however there was no mechanism to establish honours specific to the dominions. In 1935, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Long Service Medal was established as the first award specifically for service in Canada. The Canadian government managed the creation of this medal by passing the recommendation for creating the honour on to the Dominions Office, in 1934, King George V signed the Royal Warrant creating the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Long Service Medal. Prime Minister R. B. Bennett countersigned the Royal Warrant 15 December 1934 signifying that the King was acting on the advice of his Canadian Ministry, during the Second World War, a group of senior government civil servants was put together in the Awards Co-ordination Committee. The ACC primarily dealt with questions in regards to British awards being presented to Canadians, working in the same period of time was a Parliamentary committee, the Special Committee on Honours and Awards, who came up with a recommendation to create a Canadian order. Though ultimately rejected, the name Order of Canada was brought up and subsequently stuck, despite the failure of proposals for a Canadian order, the ACC managed to have the Canada Medal created. The process used to establish the RCMP Long Service Medal was followed for the creation of the Canada Medal, the Canada Medal was to be the preeminent distinguished service award for Canadians, both civilians and military personnel. The first honours list with awards of the Canada Medal was to be released on 11 November 1943, the list contained the King and other world leaders, as well as Canadian military personnel. However, the awards were never made, prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King was not in favor of awarding the medal, so the medal was not awarded. Between its creation and 1966, the Canada Medal was a decoration of Canada. When the Order of Canada was established, the warrant creating the Canada Medal was revoked, the Canada Medal was a round silver medal. The obverse of the medal bore the effigy of King George VI, the reverse of the medal bore the Royal Arms of Canada above a scroll with the word CANADA, surrounded by a wreath of maple leaves
Canada Medal
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Ribbon of the medal
83.
Protestant
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Protestantism is a form of Christianity which originated with the Reformation, a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church. It is one of the three divisions of Christendom, together with Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy. The term derives from the letter of protestation from German Lutheran princes in 1529 against an edict of the Diet of Speyer condemning the teachings of Martin Luther as heretical. Although there were earlier breaks from or attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church—notably by Peter Waldo, John Wycliffe, Protestants reject the notion of papal supremacy and deny the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, but disagree among themselves regarding the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The Five solae summarize the reformers basic differences in theological beliefs, in the 16th century, Lutheranism spread from Germany into Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, the Baltic states, and Iceland. Reformed churches were founded in Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Scotland, Switzerland and France by such reformers as John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, the political separation of the Church of England from Rome under King Henry VIII brought England and Wales into this broad Reformation movement. Protestants developed their own culture, which made major contributions in education, the humanities and sciences, the political and social order, the economy and the arts, some Protestant denominations do have a worldwide scope and distribution of membership, while others are confined to a single country. A majority of Protestants are members of a handful of families, Adventism, Anglicanism, Baptist churches, Reformed churches, Lutheranism, Methodism. Nondenominational, evangelical, charismatic, independent and other churches are on the rise, and constitute a significant part of Protestant Christianity. Six princes of the Holy Roman Empire and rulers of fourteen Imperial Free Cities, the edict reversed concessions made to the Lutherans with the approval of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V three years earlier. During the Reformation, the term was used outside of the German politics. The word evangelical, which refers to the gospel, was more widely used for those involved in the religious movement. Nowadays, this word is still preferred among some of the historical Protestant denominations in the Lutheran and Calvinist traditions in Europe, above all the term is used by Protestant bodies in the German-speaking area, such as the EKD. In continental Europe, an Evangelical is either a Lutheran or a Calvinist, the German word evangelisch means Protestant, and is different from the German evangelikal, which refers to churches shaped by Evangelicalism. The English word evangelical usually refers to Evangelical Protestant churches, and it traces its roots back to the Puritans in England, where Evangelicalism originated, and then was brought to the United States. Protestantism as a term is now used in contradistinction to the other major Christian traditions, i. e. Roman Catholicism. Initially, Protestant became a term to mean any adherent to the Reformation movement in Germany and was taken up by Lutherans. Even though Martin Luther himself insisted on Christian or Evangelical as the only acceptable names for individuals who professed Christ, French and Swiss Protestants preferred the word reformed, which became a popular, neutral and alternative name for Calvinists
Protestant
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(The Ninety-Five Theses)
Protestant
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The Memorial Church in Speyer, Germany
Protestant
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Key figures of the Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther and John Calvin depicted on a church pulpit. These reformers emphasised preaching and made it a centerpiece of worship.
Protestant
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The Bible translated into vernacular by Martin Luther. The supreme authority of scripture is a fundamental principle of Protestantism.
84.
Catholic
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The use of terms catholicism and catholicity is closely related to the use of term Catholic Church. The earliest evidence of the use of term is the Letter to the Smyrnaeans that Ignatius of Antioch wrote in about 108 to Christians in Smyrna. In 380, Emperor Theodosius I limited use of the term Catholic Christian exclusively to those who followed the faith as Pope Damasus I of Rome. Numerous other early writers including Cyril of Jerusalem, Augustine of Hippo further developed the use of the term catholic in relation to Christianity. In Christian theology, and specially in ecclesiology, terms Catholicism, when used with small c, terms catholicism and catholicity generally designate theological doctrine of the catholicity of the Church without denominational connotations. A common belief in Catholicism is institutional continuity with the early Christian church founded by Jesus Christ, many churches or communions of churches identify singularly or collectively as the authentic church. The Bishop of Rome was also considered to have the right to convene ecumenical councils, when the Imperial capital moved to Constantinople, Romes influence was sometimes challenged. The first great rupture in the Church followed this Council and they are often called Ancient Oriental Churches. The next major break was after the Council of Chalcedon and this Council repudiated Eutychian Monophysitism which stated that the divine nature completely subsumed the human nature in Christ. This Council declared that Christ, though one person, exhibited two natures without confusion, without change, without division, without separation and thus is both fully God and fully human, the next great rift within Christianity was in the 11th century. This division between the Western Church and the Eastern Church is called the East–West Schism, several eastern churches reunited, constituting some of the Eastern Catholic Churches. Liturgical and canonical practices vary between all these particular Churches constituting the Roman and Eastern Catholic Churches, in all these cases the beliefs and practices of Catholicism would be identical with the beliefs and practices of the Church in question. However, in Roman Catholicism, the term catholic is understood as to cover those who recognize and are in standing with the Magisterium. The sense given to the word by those who use it to distinguish their position from a Calvinistic or Puritan form of Protestantism. It is then meaningful to attempt to draw up a list of common characteristic beliefs, the Roman Catholic Church includes the 23 rites who recognize the Magisterium. Belief in the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist, the belief that Christ is made manifest in the elements of Holy Communion, possession of the threefold ordained ministry of Bishops, Priests and Deacons. Belief that the Church is the vessel and deposit of the fullness of the teachings of Jesus and this teaching is preserved in both written scripture and in unwritten tradition, neither being independent of the other. A belief in the necessity and efficacy of sacraments, liturgical and personal use of the Sign of the Cross The use of sacred images, candles, vestments and music, and often incense and water, in worship
Catholic
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Ruins of gothic Catholic church in Liptovská Mara (Slovakia).
Catholic
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Ancient statue of Saint Peter in the Basilica dedicated to him in the Vatican.
Catholic
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An Italian priest during the sacrament of Baptism
85.
Order of Saint John in the Netherlands
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The Order is led by its thirty-seventh Herrenmeister, Prince Oskar of Prussia. Each of its knights, about four thousand men worldwide, is either a Knight of Justice or a Knight of Honor, although membership no longer is limited to the nobility, as it was until 1948, the majority of knights still are drawn from this class. The Order comprises seventeen commanderies in Germany, one each in Austria, Finland, France, Hungary, and Switzerland, with the Roman Catholic Sovereign Military Order of Malta, these four Alliance orders represent the legitimate heirs of the Knights Hospitaller. The Order and its orders in the Netherlands and Sweden. The SMOM, headquartered in Rome, admits only men and women of the Roman Catholic faith, in time, these landholdings were gathered into regional administrative divisions known as commanderies, each headed by a senior knight, or knight commander of the Order. The first commandery in the Germanies was founded in the mid-twelfth century, though separated from the Roman Catholic main stem of the Order of Saint John, the Bailiwick of Brandenburg continued to flourish. Admitting only noblemen, principally from the Germanies, the Bailiwick maintained hospitals and other institutions to care for the poor, the sick, and the injured. The horrific Thirty Years War devastated the Bailiwick, resulting in the deaths of many knights and he established a similarly named order of merit, the Royal Prussian Order of Saint John, in its stead. He announced his election to the head of the Order of Malta, during the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the Order created and supported more and more charitable activities. It now owns and operates numerous hospitals, ambulance services, old-age homes, after World War II, with the Neumark given by the victorious Allies to Poland, the Order moved its headquarters to Bonn, West Germany. After the reunification of West and East Germany, the headquarters were moved again, more than location of the seat of the Order changed in the aftermath of the Second World War. The Finnish commandery, however, remains a purely noble society, as do the now independent Swedish, there are three active classes in the Order, Commander, Knight of Justice, and Knight of Honor. These services are similar to the St. John Ambulance in many Commonwealth nations, all are carried out under the auspices of the Christian faith. Additionally, spiritual retreats and other activities of the Order concentrate on the spiritual formation, the cloak of the Order is plain black with a large, white, linen eight-pointed cross on the left breast. For most knights, the cloak is black woollen with a plain lining, the cloaks of most knights are closed only at the neck, but the Herrenmeister, Commanders, Honorary Commanders, and Knights of Justice also wear a long black cord called a cingulum. The insignia, also known as crosses of honor, are no longer bestowed by the Order automatically, Knights of Honor now must have rendered five years of service to the Order before a cross of honor is granted. Promotion to Knight of Justice requires at least seven years of distinguished service, the basic insignia of the Order is a white-enamelled Maltese cross. Each cross is worn from a black-moire,4. 5-centimeter-wide ribbon worn about the neck, all members of the Order may also wear a plain, Maltese cross as a star or breast badge
Order of Saint John in the Netherlands
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German Emperor William II in ceremonial robes as Protector of the Order of Saint John
Order of Saint John in the Netherlands
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Otto von Bismarck wearing neck and breast crosses of a Knight of Honor, circa 1862
Order of Saint John in the Netherlands
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Cloak of a Knight of Justice worn over the now obsolescent dress uniform of the Order
Order of Saint John in the Netherlands
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The cross of a Knight of Justice, Honorary Commander, or Commander
86.
Order of St John in Sweden
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The Order of Saint John in Sweden is a Protestant chivalric order. It is a member of the Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem and it was founded in 1920 in Stockholm, Sweden, as an affiliate of the German Bailiwick of Brandenburg. In November 1946, it was granted a Royal Charter by King Gustav V as the Johanniterorden I Sverige, King Carl XVI Gustav is the current High Patron, and Queen Silvia is the First Honorary Member of the Order
Order of St John in Sweden
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Protestant orders
87.
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
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It was founded as the Knights Hospitaller circa 1099 in Jerusalem, Kingdom of Jerusalem, by the Blessed Gerard, making it the worlds oldest surviving chivalric order. It operated from Cyprus, Rhodes, Malta, over which it was sovereign until the French occupation, the order venerates as its patroness Mary, mother of Jesus, under the title Our Lady of Mount Philermos. The Order retains sovereignty under international law, including United Nations permanent observer status, issuing its own passports, currency, the orders military corps, three brigades, are stationed throughout Italy, liaisoned with the Italian Armed Forces. Through its worldwide relief corps, Malteser International, the order aids victims of disasters, epidemics. In several countries, including France, Germany and Ireland, local associations of the order are important providers of emergency services. In the ecclesiastical heraldry of the Roman Catholic Church, the Order of Malta is one of two orders whose insignia may be displayed in a clerical coat of arms. The shield is surrounded with a rosary for professed knights. Members may also display the Maltese cross behind their shield instead of the ribbon, in order to protect its heritage against frauds, the order has legally registered 16 versions of its names and emblems in some 100 countries. The birth of the dates back to around 1048. The Order of St. John of Jerusalem–the monastic community that ran the hospital for the pilgrims in the Holy Land–became independent under the guidance of its founder, by virtue of the Papal Bull, the hospital became an order exempt from the control of the local church. All the Knights were religious, bound by the three vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. The order thus added the task of defending the faith to that of its hospitaller mission, as time went on, the order adopted the white eight-pointed Cross that is still its symbol today. The eight points represent the eight beatitudes that Jesus pronounced in his Sermon on the Mount, when the last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land fell after the Siege of Acre in 1291, the order settled first in Cyprus. In 1310, led by Grand Master Fra Foulques de Villaret, in the early 14th century, the institutions of the Order and the knights who came to Rhodes from every corner of Europe were grouped according to the languages they spoke. Each Langue included Priories or Grand Priories, Bailiwicks, and Commanderies, the Order was governed by its Grand Master, the Prince of Rhodes, and its Council. The senior positions of the Order were given to representatives of different Langues, after six months of siege and fierce combat against the fleet and army of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, the Knights were forced to surrender in 1523 and left Rhodes with military honours. The Reformation which split Western Europe into Protestant and Roman Catholic states affected the knights as well, in several countries, including England, Scotland and Sweden, the order was disestablished. In others, including the Netherlands and Germany, entire bailiwicks or commanderies experienced religious conversions and it was established that the order should remain neutral in any war between Christian nations
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
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Bust portrait of a Knight of Malta
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
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Flag
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
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Flags of Malta and the SMOM on Fort St. Angelo
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
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Coat of arms of the Knights of Malta, from the façade of the church of San Giovannino dei Cavalieri, Florence
88.
St John Ambulance
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The active uniformed first-aiders known as the St John Ambulance Brigade or Community Services were introduced in 1887. There are now more than 500,000 such volunteers worldwide, the brand name and logo are owned by the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem with the international office located in London, England. Logos may vary in each country but always contain the eight-pointed Maltese Cross as the essential identifier, the membership aspect of St John Ambulance is largely ranked, and members fall into a hierarchical structure of reporting. Most members of St John Ambulance are not themselves members of the Order, Most notably, the Order of St John and St John Ambulance are non-denominational, so as to serve all. St John Ambulance works on a geographical nature than the Order. The legal status of each varies by country, province, state, county, territory. John Ambulance St John Ambulance in India St John Ambulance Ireland St John Ambulance of Malaysia St John New Zealand St John Singapore St. John Ambulance South Africa St, in cooperation with the Johanniter Orden, the Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe was founded in 1952. In recent years, more national Saint John societies, not directly linked to the British St, as a result, Johanniter International today links sixteen national Saint John organisations all over Europe. In the phrase Order of St John, St is an abbreviation for Saint, the unusual name of the organisation has been known to cause confusion to members of the public, and many people often assume that the St John prefix indicates a church related organisation. In fact, in its form, the prefix refers to the Order of St John. The Orders mottoes are Pro fide and Pro utilitate hominum, the Priory of England and The Islands has recently replaced the Latin mottoes with a single English sentence, For the faith and in the service of humanity, which some see as a controversial move. However, in December 2006 it was agreed by Priory Council that this move should be partially reversed, the Order is not to be confused with the Sovereign Military Order of Malta or other members of The Alliance of the Orders of St. John of Jerusalem. There are also copycat organisations using the St John name which are not generally recognised by members of the Alliance of Orders of St John, Most of these are small Commonwealth islands, or countries in which there is only a minor presence. In countries such as Australia and Canada the Priory is a corporation whose purpose is to administer the Order of St John on behalf of its Prior. St John Ambulance training and volunteer / professional services are governed by Council Boards of DIrectors, as a voluntary organisation St John Ambulance is a community-based and community-owned charitable entity ultimately accountable to the community in which it operates. That said, the relationship between the Order of St. John and St. John Ambulance is not directly paralleled and this explains somewhat why a breakdown into Priories may not be tantamount to a breakdown of St John Ambulance. 10 July 1877, St John Ambulance Association formed to teach first-aid in large railway centres, june 1887, St John Ambulance Brigade is formed as a uniformed organisation to provide a First Aid and Ambulance services at public events. 14 May 1888, British Order of St John is granted royal charter by Queen Victoria,1908, By mutual agreement with St Andrews Ambulance Association, St John Ambulance Association ceased operating in Scotland but the Order continued to operate
St John Ambulance
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The St John Ambulance building in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
St John Ambulance
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St John Ambulance logo
89.
St John Ambulance (England and the Islands)
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St John Ambulance is a volunteer-led, charitable non-governmental organisation dedicated to the teaching and practice of first aid in England. The St John Ambulance Association was set up in 1877 by the Venerable Order of Saint John to teach industrial workers first aid, workers rarely had ready access to a doctor in 19th century workplaces, and since accidents were frequent, death or disability from injuries were common. The St John Ambulance Association set up training sessions across the country, particularly in workplaces in areas of heavy industry, in 1887, trained volunteers were organised into a uniformed Brigade to provide a first aid and ambulance service at public events. In many parts of England, St John Ambulance was the first and only provider of an ambulance service right up to the middle of the 20th century, when the National Health Service was founded. When there were far fewer doctors and hospital beds than today, St John Ambulance nurses looked after the sick, the St John Ambulance Brigade and St John Ambulance Association merged in 1968 to form St John Ambulance, a single organisation providing both training and first aid cover. During 2013, St John Ambulance trained approximately 278,000 adults through its workplace and community first aid programmes, St John Ambulance personnel attended 45,000 public events, treating approximately 102,000 individuals. It also distributed 100,000 free first aid guides nationwide, St John Ambulance provides first aid cover at thousands of events every year. This service is provided free at the point of delivery, although a charge may be made to the event organiser for provision of the service at their event. The organisation covers many major events across England including the London Marathon, V Festival and Hyde Park concerts, as well as smaller and charitable events such as fetes and local fairs. St John Ambulance runs courses in first aid and health and safety for members of the public, charitable Community first aid courses also offer people of all ages the chance to learn basic first aid skills at little or no charge. In 2013,24,000 people attended these courses, in 2014, the organisation also launched The Big First Aid Lesson, a free first aid lesson, which was streamed live into classrooms across England. 32,384 students took part in the event. St John Ambulance Badgers work towards the Super Badger Award and this award consists of members completing 12 subjects, such as Creative, Global and Wild Badger. The award is split into five sections, where Badgers advance through completing more subjects, the Grand Prior Award is the primary award designed for cadets. The award is an part of Cadet life, and consists of completion of 24 subject areas over the period of Cadet membership. Every year a reception is held at Buckingham Palace and is attended by HRH The Princess Royal to celebrate chosen individuals who have gained their Grand Prior Award, the Amalfi Award is open to all Cadets and adult volunteers aged 16 to 25. The structure of the focuses on personal task set by the individual. These tasks are categorised into service, relationships, society and challenge, each participant has to undertake 12 tasks and at completion of 4,8 and 12 subjects a badge is awarded
St John Ambulance (England and the Islands)
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(CATS 1) St John Ambulance
St John Ambulance (England and the Islands)
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St John Ambulance Crusader ambulance in a London street.
St John Ambulance (England and the Islands)
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Image showing the various vehicles St John Use (Left to Right: 2 Crusaders, a Challenger, a Companion Plus and 2 further Crusaders)
90.
St John New Zealand
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St John New Zealand is a charitable organisation providing healthcare services to the New Zealand public. St John provides ambulance services for approximately 90% of New Zealand’s population, the only area where the organisation does not provide emergency ambulance services is the Greater Wellington region, where Wellington Free Ambulance is the provider. St John treated or transported 403,261 patients in the year ending 30 June 2012, the 610 ambulances or operational vehicles, based at 205 stations, covered more than 18 million kilometres in the same time. St John owns and runs the Ambulance Communication Centres in Auckland, the Wellington Ambulance Control Centre is run in a joint venture with Wellington Free Ambulance. Dispatchers at the centres have medical knowledge and are trained to dispatch and coordinate all land, water, in addition to ambulance services, St John provide first aid training courses, kits and supplies, automated external defibrillators and first aid smart phone applications. St John also offers specialised courses such as child, sports, electrical workers, outdoor, St John is registered with the New Zealand Qualifications Authority. The organisation is also a member of the NZ Resuscitation Council, organisations can purchase AEDs from St John and learn how to use them. St John also sells first aid kits and supplies for home or business use, St John Youth programmes help young New Zealanders to develop first aid, health care, leadership and life skills. Penguins are aged 6 to 8, Cadets are aged 8 to 21 and these programmes are fully funded by donations. These services are run primarily by volunteers and are free of charge. The St John Health Shuttle is a community service that transports people to essential medical and health-related appointments. Caring Caller is a service that St John provides for people who live alone or feel a bit lonely, volunteers phone clients regularly to check that everything is OK. This free service is funded by donations. St John runs hospital volunteer programmes called FEDs and Hospital Friends and our people provide comfort and support to patients, their whanau and friends. The St John in Schools programme visits schools in parts of New Zealand to give children an understanding of how to recognise, and act appropriately in. The topic range includes how to call an ambulance, basic first aid skills and familiarisation with ambulances, St John in Schools caters to a broad age group - from late pre-school age through to intermediate. Topics and teaching strategies are all appropriate to the age of the children, St John partners with other organisations to provide Healthline, Outreach Therapy Pets and PRIME. St John is NZ’s number one provider of event medical services and they look after events of all sizes, from high profile international sports matches to small community fairs
St John New Zealand
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St John ambulances in Auckland.
St John New Zealand
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St John New Zealand
St John New Zealand
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St John ambulance travelling with lights and siren (Priority 1) in Dunedin
St John New Zealand
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A St John ambulance in Auckland
91.
St. John Ambulance South Africa
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St John Ambulance is a charity, part of the wider international Order of St. John, dedicated to the teaching and practice of medical first aid. The charitys Latin formal motto is pro fide, pro utilitate hominum, translated as for the faith and it is protected by law and may only be worn by registered members. Unlike many volunteer groups, the St John uniform is relatively formal, there are presently 9 orders of dress intended for different situations. The two most widely used are No.2 and No, No.5 is essentially a more relaxed version of No.2, where more ceremonial items such as ties and caps are only worn if appropriate. In order to increase the appeal of the organisation to Islamic members,2005 saw the addition of a uniform kameez, cadet members may wear berets, or the recently introduced St John baseball caps, also being phased in for adult members to replace the formal peaked caps. St. John Ambulance Venerable Order of St. John St. John Ambulance Brigade of Ireland Service Medal of the Order of St John Insignia of the Venerable Order of St John St John Ambulance - South Africa
St. John Ambulance South Africa
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Logo of St John Ambulance South Africa
92.
St. John Ambulance of Malaysia
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The history of St. John Ambulance in the present day Malaysia started in 1908 with the formation of St. John Ambulance Association by a group of medical officers in the Colonial Medical Service, Capt. Dr. John Sutton Webster, Dr. Richard Desmond Fitzgerald, when the war clouds were gathering in 1938, the British Administration decided to form the St. John Ambulance Brigade in all larger towns. By 1939, SJAB could be found in the Federated Malay States and Straits Settlements, plus the states of Kelantan, Johor. SJAB members were first recruited as stretcher-bearers, once they were proficient, they attended first aid lectures. In early 1941, regular meetings and air raid practices were held with the Air Raid Precaution Corps, in September 1941, the authorities introduced the Medical Auxiliary Service and all SJAB members were automatically drafted into this service. When the Japanese Forces raided the Malay Peninsula from 8 December 1941, many SJAB members withdraw to the south together with the British Forces as their towns were captured one after another by the Japanese Forces. Many more served in the Battle of Singapore and lost their lives for the Service of Mankind, St. John Ambulance was the only voluntary organisation in the Malay Peninsula that rendered medical services before and during the Second World War. This was made possible with the passing of the St. John Ambulance of Malaysia Act,1972 by the Federal Parliament, the Royal Assent was granted on 23 March 1972. The present leadership and governance structure of SJAM was established following the enactment of St. John Ambulance of Malaysia Act,1972, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the Royal Patron of SJAM. The appointment is held by the reigning monarch, Almutasimu Billahi Muhibbudin Tuanku Alhaj Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah. The affairs of SJAM are governed by the St. John Council of Malaysia, presided by the National President and the Deputy National President. By law, the roles are automatically conferred to the Prime Minister of Malaysia, najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak and Datuk Seri Dr. Subramaniam Sathasivam at present. Membership of the Council consists of officers of SJAM, representatives from various Federal ministries and agencies. Day-to-day management affairs rests with the Commander-in-Chief, who is also the Chairman of Council, SJAM is headed by a Commander-in-Chief. Appointed by the National President, he is responsible to the Council as the executive of the Corporation. The appointment of Commander-in-Chief is currently held by Dato Lai See Ming whereas his deputy is Prof. Datuk Dr. Haji Megat Burhainuddin bin Megat Abdul Rahman, CStJ. SJAM has two areas of activity, as follows, Operations, SJAM provides volunteer first aid services at events. In metropolitan areas, SJAM provides emergency assistance service through a combination of paid staff
St. John Ambulance of Malaysia
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Moulage - Motor Vehicle Accident
St. John Ambulance of Malaysia
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Emblem of St. John Ambulance of Malaysia
St. John Ambulance of Malaysia
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A poster created for the 2012 recruitment campaign of SJAM Wilayah Persekutuan in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, featuring the Cycle Response Unit
St. John Ambulance of Malaysia
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A poster created for the 2012 recruitment campaign of SJAM Wilayah Persekutuan in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, featuring the Emergency Medical Air Rescue Service
93.
St John Ambulance Ranks and Insignia
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The basic star or pip has at its centre the eight point Maltese Cross, the badge of the Order of St John. The crown used is also that of the Order, at the higher general list ranks, crossed stretchers are used rather than the crossed sword and baton of military use. Insignia are in silver, again symbolic of the Order of St. John. Also officers who hold rank within the organisation at or above R4 wear a cockade in their hat and have a bar, however at or above R3 wear a cockade and tuft and silver bar. Since the mid-1990s the former Senior NCO and Warrant Officer ranks have been abolished and these ranks, whose titles were Staff Sergeant, Corps Sergeant Major, and County Sergeant Major were deemed too militaristic in form although a few previous incumbents remain. Their demise has gone hand in hand with a lowering of emphasis on parading, the county Sergeant Major, if the county has appointed one, wears member rank slides and Warrant Officer Class 2 arm badges on the bottom of each arm. A purple stripe on the epaulette was also abandoned. In 2012, one Warrant Officer Class 1 was appointed at National HQ to advise on matters across St John Ambulance. In December 2013, as a result of the rank review, the aim of the new rank structure is to ensure that rank is applied consistently throughout the organisation, and that it is applied only based on an individuals role. A number of ranks will cease to exist as a result of change. In December 2016, it was announced that, effective 1st January 2017, no rank is to be worn on events, persons who are undertaking an operational management role, but who do not have rank, will continue to not wear rank. Persons who do have rank, but who are not in a management role at the event should not display their rank. The English types are presented in the tables below. Ranks in other countries are similar, but adopt local terminology such as Provincial Commissioner instead of County Commissioner. There may also be fewer ranks in smaller countries, as a result of the need for fewer rungs of management structure, in 2013, St John Ambulance UK rolled out a new design of rank slide. While the insignia, colours and text font remain unchanged, the slides themselves are now longer and wider. This updated design for rank slides corresponds with the rise of the Service Delivery Uniform and this is the first modification to the design of the rank slides since the change from cloth and thread to rubber-made rank slides with a new font for St John Ambulance title on all slides. In a similar fashion to the Police, St John Ambulance has a number of role-based variations on the rank markings detailed below
St John Ambulance Ranks and Insignia
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Insignia (rank slide)
94.
Museum of the Order of St John
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The museum is a member of the London Museums of Health & Medicine. The Museum is based in St. Johns Gate, a 16th-century gatehouse in London and this dates back to the 11th century and was once the English headquarters of the Order of St. John. From here Hospitaller Knights went out to the Holy Land and later to Cyprus, Rhodes and they served in hospitals treating pilgrims, and fought to defend Christian interests in the Holy Land and the Mediterranean. Tours take visitors to the oldest surviving part of the medieval Priory and they then return to the Gate House, which after the Dissolution of the monasteries was put to many uses, with Shakespeare, Dr Johnson, Hogarth and Dickens all taking part in its story. Here visitors can see the furniture and painting collections. The Museum in the Gate House tells the story of the history of the Order of St. John, the Museum completed a spectacular renovation in November 2010. It was supported by such as the Heritage Lottery Fund and was designed by leading architects Donald Insall Associates. Exhibition design company Metaphor undertook the internal exhibit design, the painting collection includes religious art, particularly images of patron saint of the Order, St. St John Ambulance has a history spanning over 125 years and covering over 40 countries worldwide. It was founded by the British Order of St John and inspired by the traditions of the Hospitallers. Its story is told in a new exhibition, equipment ranges in size from examples of early ambulance transport to a Victorian nurses miniature first aid kit. There are training books written in languages and first aid information comes in many forms, from cigarette cards to pop-up books. Uniform includes ceremonial attire, a 1922 cadet uniform and A. R. P gas suit, the collection of medals, trophies and decorative certificates give a real sense of members achievements and include one certificate made by a forger inside a prisoner-of-war camp. Banners and textiles commemorate special St. John occasions, personal memorabilia tell what it was like to belong to the movement in different times and places. Nurse Nesbits cartoons record the moments of serving in a First World War hospital. In an album, Lyn Brown put down her reactions as one of the first people to enter the newly liberated Belsen camp in 1945. Monday - Saturday, 10am - 5pm Tours - Tuesday, Friday and Saturday, by car - Pay and Display parking spaces are available in St. Johns Square. Parking restrictions apply Mon-Fri 9am -6. 30pm, Sat 9am -1, official website Museum pages at St John Ambulance website The St John of Jerusalem Eye Hospital
Museum of the Order of St John
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St John's Gate, home of the museum
Museum of the Order of St John
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Location within Central London
95.
Samuel Vestey, 3rd Baron Vestey
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Samuel George Armstrong Vestey, 3rd Baron Vestey Bt KCVO GCStJ DL is a British peer, landowner, philanthropist and businessman. Lord Vestey currently serves as Master of the Horse to the Royal Household, samuel Vestey was born on 19 March 1941. He was educated at Eton College, before attending Sandhurst and he served as a Lieutenant in the Scots Guards. He is a great-grandson of the opera singer Dame Nellie Melba. Lord Vestey has served as the Chairman of the Vestey Group since 1995 and was Chairman of the Meat Training Council from 1991–95 and he is also a liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Butchers. Vestey also features in Ted Egans song Gurindji Blues, which is about the land rights, in 1954 Vestey succeeded his grandfather in the peerage title at the age of thirteen. His family seat is Stowell Park Estate in Gloucestershire, purchased in 1954 and he was Chancellor and Lord Prior of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem having been appointed Bailiff Grand Cross in 1987. He became a Deputy Lieutenant of Gloucestershire in 1982 and his elder son, The Hon. William Guy Vestey, served as a Page of Honour to Queen Elizabeth II from 1995 to 1998. The Vestey familys combined wealth amounts to approximately £1.2 billion according to the Sunday Times Rich List 2013, debretts People of Today Order of St John website
Samuel Vestey, 3rd Baron Vestey
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Lord Vestey, Master of the Horse, riding to The Queen's Birthday Parade in 2009
Samuel Vestey, 3rd Baron Vestey
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Insignia of a Baronet
Samuel Vestey, 3rd Baron Vestey
Samuel Vestey, 3rd Baron Vestey
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KCVO insignia
United Kingdom
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