William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
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William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke was a medieval English nobleman and was one of the sureties of Magna Carta. He fought during the First Barons' War and was present at the Battle of Lincoln (1217) alongside his father William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, who led the English troops in that battle. He commissioned the first biography of a medieval knight to be written, called L'Histoire de Guillaume le Mareschal, in honour of his father.
Arms of William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, drawn by Matthew Paris: Party per pale or and vert, a lion rampant gules. These arms were later adopted in 1269 in lieu of his own paternal arms by Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk (1245-1266) on his inheritance of the office of Marshal of England from the Marshal family
First Barons' War
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The First Barons' War (1215–1217) was a civil war in the Kingdom of England in which a group of rebellious major landowners led by Robert Fitzwalter waged war against King John of England. The conflict resulted from King John's disastrous wars against King Philip II of France, which led to the collapse of the Angevin Empire, and John's subsequent refusal to accept and abide by Magna Carta, which John had sealed on 15 June 1215.
King John of England (left) in battle with the troops of Louis of France (right)
The round tower (centre) and two square towers (left and right) of Rochester Castle.
The Second Battle of Lincoln in 1217.