1.
Meschede
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Meschede is a town in the Hochsauerland district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the district Hochsauerlandkreis, one of the five branches of South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences is located here. Meschede is situated in the Ruhr valley, near to the Hennesee, major towns in the vicinity of Meschede are Paderborn, Kassel, Siegen, Hagen, Dortmund and Hamm. Arnsberg Bestwig Eslohe Schmallenberg Sundern Warstein After the local government reforms of 1975 Meschede consists of districts and villages. Meschede is connected with two roads, the federal roads B7 and B55, and the motorway A46. It has an airfield, the Meschede-Schüren Airfield, with a 900 m runway, the lowest temperature recorded was −20 °C, its highest was recorded at 39 °C. The Fachhochschule Südwestfalen runs its own station called radioFH. The regional newspapers are Westfalenpost and Westfälische Rundschau, the local newspaper is the Sauerlandkurier. Dieter Wurm, chairman of Sauerländer Heimatbund Abbey Königsmünster, built by Order of Saint Benedict Hennesee - The Hennesee is a lake near Meschede and it was built to secure the water supply of the close Ruhrgebiet and is today mainly use to generate hydropower, flood protection and baseflow. Recreational areas are the lawn and bath area, fishing, rowing, sailing, walking and hiking
2.
Architekt
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An architect is someone who plans, designs, and reviews the construction of buildings. Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, which derives from the Greek, practical, technical, and academic requirements for becoming an architect vary by jurisdiction. The terms architect and architecture are used in the disciplines of landscape architecture, naval architecture. In most jurisdictions, the professional and commercial uses of the terms architect, throughout ancient and medieval history, most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans—such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. Until modern times, there was no distinction between architect and engineer. In Europe, the architect and engineer were primarily geographical variations that referred to the same person. It is suggested that various developments in technology and mathematics allowed the development of the gentleman architect. Paper was not used in Europe for drawing until the 15th century, pencils were used more often for drawing by 1600. The availability of both allowed pre-construction drawings to be made by professionals, until the 18th-century, buildings continued to be designed and set out by craftsmen with the exception of high-status projects. In most developed countries, only qualified people with appropriate license, certification, or registration with a relevant body, such licensure usually requires an accredited university degree, successful completion of exams, and a training period. To practice architecture implies the ability to independently of supervision. In many places, independent, non-licensed individuals may perform design services outside the professional restrictions, such design houses, in the architectural profession, technical and environmental knowledge, design and construction management, and an understanding of business are as important as design. However, design is the force throughout the project and beyond. An architect accepts a commission from a client, the commission might involve preparing feasibility reports, building audits, the design of a building or of several buildings, structures, and the spaces among them. The architect participates in developing the requirements the client wants in the building, throughout the project, the architect co-ordinates a design team. Structural, mechanical, and electrical engineers and other specialists, are hired by the client or the architect, the architect hired by a client is responsible for creating a design concept that meets the requirements of that client and provides a facility suitable to the required use. In that, the architect must meet with and question the client to ascertain all the requirements, often the full brief is not entirely clear at the beginning, entailing a degree of risk in the design undertaking. The architect may make proposals to the client which may rework the terms of the brief
3.
Grevenbroich
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Grevenbroich is a town in the Rhein-Kreis Neuss, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the river Erft, approximately 15 km southwest of Neuss and 15 km southeast of Mönchengladbach, the Cistercian Order has a monastery in Langwaden. Grevenbroich is about 30 kilometres northwest of Cologne, Vincenz Hundhausen Bethlehem, dark metal band, often named as the creator of the subgenre. North Rhine-Westphalia portal Frimmersdorf Power Station Bieg, Lutz, literary translations of the classical lyric and drama in the first half of the 20th century, The case of Vincenz Hundhausen. In, Alleton, Vivianne and Michael Lackner, de lun au multiple, traductions du chinois vers les langues européennes Translations from Chinese into European Languages. Éditions de la maison des sciences de lhomme,1999, Paris
4.
Gelsenkirchen
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Gelsenkirchen is a city in the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany. It is located in the part of the Ruhr area. Its population in 2015 was c, Gelsenkirchen was first documented in 1150, but it remained a tiny village until the 19th century, when the Industrial Revolution led to the growth of the entire area. In 1840, when the mining of coal began,6,000 inhabitants lived in Gelsenkirchen, in the early 20th century, Gelsenkirchen was the most important coal mining town in Europe. It was called the city of a thousand fires for the flames of mine gasses flaring at night, in 1928, Gelsenkirchen was merged with the adjoining cities of Buer and Horst. The city bore the name Gelsenkirchen-Buer, until it was renamed Gelsenkirchen in 1930, during the Nazi era Gelsenkirchen remained a centre of coal production and oil refining, and for this reason it was bombed in Allied air raids during World War II. There are no longer colliers in Gelsenkirchen with the city searching for a new image, today Germanys largest solar power plant is located in the city. In Gelsenkirchen-Scholven there is a power station with the tallest chimneys in Germany. Gelsenkirchen is home of the football club Schalke 04, which is named after the borough Schalke, while the clubs stadium. They did not live in houses as such, but in small yards gathered together near each other, later, the Romans pushed into the area. In about 700, the region was settled by the Saxons, a few other parts of town which today lie in Gelsenkirchens north end were mentioned in documents from the early Middle Ages, some examples being, Raedese, Middelvic, Sutheim and Sculven. Many nearby farming communities were identified as iuxta Bure. It was about 1150 when the name Gelstenkerken or Geilistirinkirkin appeared up for the first time, at about the same time, the first church in town was built in what is now Buer. This ecclesia Buron was listed in a directory of churches by the sexton from Deutz. This settlement belonged to the Mark, however, in ancient times and even in the Middle Ages, only a few dozen people actually lived in the settlements around the Emscher basin. Up until the middle of the 19th century, the area in and around Gelsenkirchen was only thinly settled and almost exclusively agrarian. In 1815, after belonging to the Grand Duchy of Berg, the land now comprising the city of Gelsenkirchen passed to the Kingdom of Prussia. This arrangement came to an end only in 1928, in 1868, Gelsenkirchen became the seat of an Amt within the Bochum district which encompassed the communities of Gelsenkirchen, Braubauerschaft, Schalke, Heßler, Bulmke and Hüllen
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Köln
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Cologne is the largest city in the German federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-largest city in Germany. It is located within the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region, one of the major European metropolitan areas, and with more than ten million inhabitants, Cologne is located on both sides of the Rhine River, less than eighty kilometres from Belgium. The citys famous Cologne Cathedral is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne, the University of Cologne is one of Europes oldest and largest universities. Cologne was founded and established in Ubii territory in the first century AD as the Roman Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, Cologne, the French version of the citys name, has become standard in English as well. The city functioned as the capital of the Roman province of Germania Inferior, during the Middle Ages it flourished on one of the most important major trade routes between east and west in Europe. Cologne was one of the members of the Hanseatic League and one of the largest cities north of the Alps in medieval. Up until World War II the city had several occupations by the French. Cologne was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II, the bombing reduced the population by 95%, mainly due to evacuation, and destroyed almost the entire city. With the intention of restoring as many buildings as possible. Cologne is a cultural centre for the Rhineland, it hosts more than thirty museums. Exhibitions range from local ancient Roman archeological sites to contemporary graphics, the Cologne Trade Fair hosts a number of trade shows such as Art Cologne, imm Cologne, Gamescom, and the Photokina. The first urban settlement on the grounds of modern-day Cologne was Oppidum Ubiorum, founded in 38 BC by the Ubii, in 50 AD, the Romans founded Colonia on the Rhine and the city became the provincial capital of Germania Inferior in 85 AD. The city was named Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium in 50 AD, considerable Roman remains can be found in present-day Cologne, especially near the wharf area, where a notable discovery of a 1900-year-old Roman boat was made in late 2007. From 260 to 271 Cologne was the capital of the Gallic Empire under Postumus, Marius, in 310 under Constantine a bridge was built over the Rhine at Cologne. Roman imperial governors resided in the city and it one of the most important trade. Cologne is shown on the 4th century Peutinger Map, maternus, who was elected as bishop in 313, was the first known bishop of Cologne. The city was the capital of a Roman province until occupied by the Ripuarian Franks in 462, parts of the original Roman sewers are preserved underneath the city, with the new sewerage system having opened in 1890. Early medieval Cologne was part of Austrasia within the Frankish Empire, Cologne had been the seat of a bishop since the Roman period, under Charlemagne, in 795, bishop Hildebold was promoted to archbishop
6.
Witten
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Witten is a university city in the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the home of the Witten/Herdecke University, the first private university in Germany, Witten is situated in the Ruhr valley, in the southern Ruhr area. Bochum Dortmund Herdecke Wetter Sprockhövel Hattingen Witten is divided into 8 boroughs, since 1821 it has been a part of the Diocese of Paderborn, however, the borough of Herbede belongs to the Diocese of Essen. In the 19th century the Ruhr area drew up to 500,000 Poles from East Prussia and Silesia, hundreds settled in Witten, leading to a growth in the Catholic community. Today, between 30 and 40 per cent of the population is Catholic, in the 16th century Witten was influenced by Martin Luthers Reformation, and until the late 19th century, Witten was a predominantly Protestant town with just a few Catholic inhabitants. Between 30 and 40 per cent of the population is Protestant today, there are four mosques in Witten, Annen and Herbede today, founded by immigrants from Turkey who arrived in the 1970s and 1980s. Between five and eight per cent of the population is Muslim, in 1815 the first Jewish community was mentioned in Witten. In 1938 the synagogue was destroyed during the so-called Reichspogromnacht of 9–10 November 1938, today, only about a dozen Jews live in Witten. They belong to the Jewish community in Dortmund, since 1994 the place of the former synagogue is marked with a memorial. Witten was first mentioned in sources in 1214, however the borough Herbede dates back to 851. The city was a town from 1578. In 1946, it was included in North-Rhine Westphalia on its establishment, in 1975 Witten was included in the administrative district Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis and it is now its biggest city. 1975 was also the year Witten was first counted to have more than 100,000 inhabitants, in the late 19th century Witten was known for the Roburit dynamite. This dynamite was used by coal mines around the world. In 1906 an explosion occurred, resulting in the deaths of 41 people, the local council of Witten has 64 seats. In the local elections of 2004 the German Social Democratic Party, SPD, gained 24 seats and it is followed by the Christian Democratic Party, CDU with 18 and the Greens with 7 seats. They are followed by the WBG with 4, FDP4, FLW3, NPD2, PDS/WAL1, since 2004 for the first time in its history the council is led by a female mayor, Sonja Leidemann, SPD. It has a station, connecting the city to the regional-train-network of Deutsche Bahn
7.
Hannover
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At the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Electorate was enlarged to become a Kingdom with Hanover as its capital. From 1868 to 1946 Hanover was the capital of the Prussian Province of Hanover and it is now the capital of the Land of Lower Saxony. Since 2001 it has been part of the Hanover district, which is a body made up from the former district. With a population of 518,000, Hanover is a centre of Northern Germany. Hanover also hosts annual commercial trade fairs such as the Hanover Fair, every year Hanover hosts the Schützenfest Hannover, the worlds largest marksmens festival, and the Oktoberfest Hannover, the second largest such festival in Germany. In 2000, Hanover hosted the world fair Expo 2000, the Hanover fairground, due to numerous extensions, especially for the Expo 2000, is the largest in the world. Hanover is of importance because of its universities and medical school, its international airport. The city is also a crossing point of railway lines and highways. Hanover is the traditional English spelling, the German spelling is becoming more popular in English, recent editions of encyclopaedias prefer the German spelling, and the local government uses the German spelling on English websites. The traditional English spelling is used in historical contexts, especially when referring to the British House of Hanover. Hanover was founded in times on the east bank of the River Leine. Its original name Honovere may mean high bank, though this is debated, Hanover was a small village of ferrymen and fishermen that became a comparatively large town in the 13th century due to its position at a natural crossroads. As overland travel was difficult, its position on the upper navigable reaches of the river helped it to grow by increasing trade. In the 14th century the churches of Hanover were built. The beginning of industrialization in Germany led to trade in iron and silver from the northern Harz Mountains, in 1636 George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruler of the Brunswick-Lüneburg principality of Calenberg, moved his residence to Hanover. The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg were elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor to the rank of Prince-Elector in 1692, thus the principality was upgraded to the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, colloquially known as the Electorate of Hanover after Calenbergs capital. Its electors would later become monarchs of Great Britain, the first of these was George I Louis, who acceded to the British throne in 1714. The last British monarch who ruled in Hanover was William IV, semi-Salic law, which required succession by the male line if possible, forbade the accession of Queen Victoria in Hanover
8.
Lippstadt
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Lippstadt is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the largest town within the district of Soest, Lippstadt is situated in the Lippe valley, roughly 70 kilometres east of Dortmund and roughly 30 kilometres west of Paderborn. The historic town centre is situated between an artificial canal of the river Lippe and the river itself, Lippstadt consists of 18 districts, Lippstadt is twinned with, Uden, Netherlands, since 1971 Lippstadt was founded by Bernhard II zur Lippe. In the early 13th century Lippstadt, with a population of 2700, had four parish churches, there was an Augustinian abbey which had existed since 1281. Heinrich von Ahaus founded one of his communities for women of the Brethren of the Common Life there, in 1523 it formed a defensive alliance together with the neighbouring cities of Osnabrück, Dortmund, Soest and Münster. Augustinians studying at the University of Wittenberg brought Martin Luthers doctrine home with them, colonel Edward Morgan, a Royalist during English Civil War 1642-9, was Captain General of the Kings forces in South Wales. After the Kings arrest and execution, he fled to the continent and they had six children, two sons, and four daughters. He was later appointed Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica 1664-65 and his nephew Henry Morgan left his Jamaican property to his godsons Charles Byndloss and Henry Archbold on condition they adopted the surname of Morgan. These were the children of his two cousins Anna Petronilla Byndloss, and Johanna Archbold, in 1851 the whole of Lippstadt, which up to then had been divided between the Kingdom of Prussia and Lippe, was added to the Prussian royal province of Westphalia. In 1944 a womens subcamp of Buchenwald was founded in Lippstadt and it was also the site of a displaced persons camp in the years following World War II. It is also home to a factory of large-diameter antifriction bearings, the important road to get to Lippstadt is the Bundesstraße 55. This street goes from north to south of the city. At north, Lippstadt connects with Rheda-Wiedenbrück and the Autobahn 2, in addition, South-Lippstadt connects with the Bundesstraße 1 and the Autobahn 44 by passing through the Erwitte. The Lippstadt train station is located on Bahnstreck Hamm-Warburg Rd and it has a railway service with ICE, IC and region train every day. Passengers can change direction with Kassel, Dresden, München and Düsseldorf networks, RE1, Nordrhein-Westfalen-Express, comes from Parderborn through Ruhrgebiet region and Düsseldorf, and it also passes Cologne and end up at Aachen station. RB89, Ems-Börde-Bahn, takes only 30 minutes to Hamm-Münster The bus system in Lippstadt is provided by Regionalverkehr Ruhr-Lippe, the system consists of 3 major types of bus networks. City-Bus Networks The city-bus networks in Lippstadt consist of five lines, the bus lines start every 30 minutes from Bustreff am Bahnhof and travel via five different routes to different destinations. However, passengers can use Region-Bus Networks instant, Region-Bus Networks, a bus network providing transportation between cities, has individual timetables and destinations. The regular service Region-buses covers Beakum, Rheda-Wiedenbrück and Rietberg, in addition, there is the Schnellbus from Lippstadt passing through Erwitte to Warstein every hour
9.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
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The University of Hannover, officially the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, short Leibniz Universität Hannover, is a public university located in Hannover, Germany. Founded in 1831, it is one of the largest and oldest science, in the 2014/15 school year it enrolled 25,688 students, of which 2,121 were from foreign countries. It has nine faculties which offer 190 full and part degree programs in 38 fields of study, the University is named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, the 18th century mathematician and philosopher. Leibniz Universität Hannover is a member of TU9, an association of the nine leading Institutes of Technology in Germany and it is also a member of the Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research, a non-profit association of leading engineering universities in Europe. The university sponsors the German National Library of Science and Technology, the roots of the University of Hanover begin in the Higher Vocational College/Polytechnic Institute, founded in 1831. In 1879 the Higher Vocational School moved into the historic Guelph Palace, the Welfenschloss, later, the Higher Vocational School became the Royal College of Technology. In 1899 Kaiser Wilhelm II granted the College of Technology a status equal to that of universities, the College was reconstructed in 1921 with the financial support of the College Patrons’ Association. There were three faculties, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, in 1968 the Faculty of Humanities and Political Science were founded and the College of Technology became the Technische Hochschule. Student numbers exceeded 30,000 for the first time in 1991, on the 175th anniversary of the institution in 2006, the University of Hannover was given the name Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover. While 64 pupils first attended the Vocational School, today the university now has around 25.700 students, more than 2.900 academics and scientists, the Senate of the University voted in April 2006 to rename the University of Hannover to Leibniz Universität Hannover. Following agreement by the Leibniz Academy on the use of the name, the brand of the university is Leibniz Universität Hannover. The old logo of the University was inspired by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the current logo is a stylized excerpt from a letter to Duke Rudolf August of Wolfenbüttel, in which Leibniz presented binary numbers for the first time. Nine faculties with more than 190 first-degree full-time and part-time degree courses make the university the second-largest institution of education in Lower Saxony. The university staff comprises 2930 research and teaching staff, of whom 321 are professors and it has 1810 additional employees in administrative functions,90 apprentices and some 1400 staff funded by third parties. It expanded into an important collection as the institution evolved from a college into the full University. The removal of the books into storage during the Second World War secured valuable old stocks that became a national collection of scientific. This was the basis on which the library of the Institute of Technology was established in 1959, today the collection forms the heart of the German National Library of Science and Technology, which is the largest institution of its kind in the world. GISMA Business School in Hannover, Germany, was launched in 1999 as a joint initiative by the state of Lower Saxony, GISMA is a privately funded, self-administering institution of higher education
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