1.
Wikimedia Commons
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Wikimedia Commons is an online repository of free-use images, sound, and other media files. It is a project of the Wikimedia Foundation, the repository contains over 38 million media files. In July 2013, the number of edits on Commons reached 100,000,000, the project was proposed by Erik Möller in March 2004 and launched on September 7,2004. The expression educational is to be according to its broad meaning of providing knowledge. Wikimedia Commons itself does not allow fair use or uploads under non-free licenses, for this reason, Wikimedia Commons always hosts freely licensed media and deletes copyright violations. The default language for Commons is English, but registered users can customize their interface to use any other user interface translations. Many content pages, in particular policy pages and portals, have also translated into various languages. Files on Wikimedia Commons are categorized using MediaWikis category system, in addition, they are often collected on individual topical gallery pages. While the project was proposed to also contain free text files. In 2012, BuzzFeed described Wikimedia Commons as littered with dicks, in 2010, Wikipedia co-founder Larry Sanger reported Wikimedia Commons to the FBI for hosting sexualized images of children known as lolicon. Wales responded to the backlash from the Commons community by voluntarily relinquishing some site privileges, over time, additional functionality has been developed to interface Wikimedia Commons with the other Wikimedia projects. Specialized uploading tools and scripts such as Commonist have been created to simplify the process of uploading large numbers of files. In order to free content photos uploaded to Flickr, users can participate in a defunct collaborative external review process. The site has three mechanisms for recognizing quality works, one is known as Featured pictures, where works are nominated and other community members vote to accept or reject the nomination. This process began in November 2004, another process known as Quality images began in June 2006, and has a simpler nomination process comparable to Featured pictures. Quality images only accepts works created by Wikimedia users, whereas Featured pictures additionally accepts nominations of works by third parties such as NASA, the three mentioned processes select a slight part from the total number of files. However, Commons collects files of all quality levels, from the most professional level across simple documental, files with specific defects can be tagged for improvement and warning or even proposed for deletion but there exists no process of systematic rating of all files. The site held its inaugural Picture of the Year competition, for 2006, all images that were made a Featured picture during 2006 were eligible, and voted on by eligible Wikimedia users during two rounds of voting
2.
Faculteit Luchtvaart- en Ruimtevaarttechniek
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The Faculty of Aerospace Engineering at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands is the merger of two interrelated disciplines, aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. Aeronautical engineering works specifically with aircraft or aeronautics, astronautical engineering works specifically with spacecraft or astronautics. At the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, both of the fields are directly addressed along with expansion into fields such as wind energy. The Faculty is one of the largest of the eight faculties at TU Delft and it is the only institute carrying out research and education directly related to aerospace engineering in the Netherlands. Through the years, the Faculty has responded to the demands of the aerospace industry by further expanding its facilities and laboratories. Today the Faculty has a student body of approximately 2300 undergraduates and graduates,237 members of staff and 181 PhD students. Around 34% of the student population is from outside the Netherlands, the TU Delft scored 15th in the world in the 2013 Engineering and Technology QS World University Rankings. In 2012 the TU Delft reached the 33rd place in the Mechanical, in 2013 this category got extended to Mechanical, Aeronautical & Manufacturing Engineering and the TU Delft jumped to the 18th position worldwide. Current areas of research include novel aerospace materials, Particle Image Velocimetry, CubeSat, Airborne Wind Energy, the facilities include supersonic, hypersonic and subsonic wind-tunnels, a high-sensitivity navigation simulator, and a materials testing laboratory. These facilities make it possible to conduct experiments in man-machine factors, flight control, structures and materials, aerodynamics, the faculty owns and makes use of a Cessna Citation jet aeroplane which is a unique flying laboratory. The Citation is used in research as well as in education and its modular interior enables the possibility to change quickly between research missions and educational flights with students. The flight simulator Simona is one of the most impressive facilities at the faculty and it can be programmed to simulate any known aircraft, but also to mimic characteristics of a new design. The unique light design allows extremely realistic motion, the simulator is used for research, but is also the subject of some M. Sc. Thesis projects. The Faculty is a member of PEGASUS, the European network of prestigious aerospace universities and it also participates in exchanges of students and lecturers through the SOCRATES/ERASMUS programmes and agreements between several other partner universities. The faculty plays a role in the IDEA League
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Forze
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Forze is a Delft University of Technologys student team specialised in hydrogen electric racing. It was founded in 2007 by Edgar van Os and has built 7 hydrogen fuel cell racing vehicles, the teams offices and workshops are located in the D, DREAM hall on the campus of the Delft University of Technology. In this monumental post-war factory hall, designed by architect Dirk Roosenburg, all TU Delfts teams, in a conventional road car, the energy that is stored in fuel is converted to mechanical energy, using the principle of combustion. The cars that are built by Forze utilize a different concept, the hydrogen fuel cell system inside the vehicles converts the energy stored in hydrogen to electric energy. This means that the cell system can be used to power an electric drive train with hydrogen as a so-called alternative fuel. The efficiency of the conversion can be about two to three times higher than a conventional combustion engine. The most obvious differences of hydrogen-electric vehicles compared to their relatives is the time required to recharge or refill. Hydrogen tanks can be refilled within minutes whereas batteries currently several hours to recharge and this makes hydrogen-electric propulsion ideal for applications where non-stop operation and/or a long driving range is required. The mission of Forze is to fuel cell technology by educating their own team members. By designing and building their own high performance race cars. Currently, Forze is still the only student team worldwide that uses high power automotive fuel cells, the team started competing in the 2008 Formula Zero Championship, the world’s first ever hydrogen fuel cell championship. Given the importance of the upcoming Hydrogen economy and considering climate change and oil related problems, the first season was limited to one event in the inner city of Rotterdam next to the Erasmus Bridge. The second season consisted of a European Cup and a separate Grand Prix in the city center of Torino, the third season again only had one race, held the center of The Hague. The Formula Zero competition did not prove to grow into what it promised to be during the first years, the team continued to innovate and moved on to the Formula Student competition. The Forze IV and V vehicles were built for this competition. To this day. After competing in the Formula Student race twice, Forze made a big step towards the racing world. The next car, the Forze VI, became worlds first full-size race car powered by hydrogen, due to the lack of a FIA license for the Forze VI, registering for official races was difficult, and the car did not compete in any FIA backed competitions. To avoid this problem in the latest iteration of the Forze lineup, the Forze VII, with it, the team hopes to build the first hydrogen race car ever to compete against fossil fueled combustion vehicles
4.
Hendrika Johanna van Leeuwen
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Hendrika Johanna van Leeuwen was a Dutch physicist, known for her early contributions to the theory of magnetism. She studied at Leiden University under the guidance of Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and her thesis explained why magnetism is an essentially quantum mechanical effect, a result now referred to as the Bohr–van Leeuwen theorem. She continued to investigate materials at the Technische Hogeschool Delft, first as assistant until 1947. Hendrika van Leeuwen was the sister-in-law of Gunnar Nordström, known as the Einstein of Finland, who studied in Leiden with Paul Ehrenfest, the successor of Lorentz. She was present at the celebration of the anniversary of the doctorate of Lorentz, on 11 December 1925
5.
Nuna (wagen)
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Nuna is the name of a series of manned solar powered race cars that won the World solar challenge in Australia six times, of which four times in a row, in 2001,2003,2005,2007,2013 and 2015. The Nunas are built by students who are part of the Nuon Solar Team at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, Nuna is also the Icelandic word now. To have a chance to win, the car has to. Sunlight that penetrates the upper layer is used in the lower layers and this type of solar cell is among the best available currently. Apart from efficiency, size also matters, so the upper surface of the Nuna 3 is covered with them. Efficiency is optimal when the cells are hit by the solar rays perpendicularly, if not, output is reduced by roughly the cosine of the angle with the perpendicular. A solar cell gives a certain amount of current for a amount of sunlight. The voltage depends on the load, the power is the product of voltage and current and therefore also depends on the load. Over a certain voltage the current of the solar cell quickly drops to zero, however, the batteries have a fairly constant voltage, which also has a rather different value than that of the solar cells. So a voltage transformation is needed and this is called a Maximum power point tracker. Here too, the goal is to have this conversion achieve maximum efficiency, the aerodynamic drag is an important part of the total resistance. Important are the surface area and the coefficient of drag. The shape must be designed to preserve laminar flow, as turbulence causes increased surface drag, the ideal shape is achieved in various stages, Through computer simulations of the design. Through testing of a model in a wind tunnel. For example, liquid paints can be applied to see the flow of air over the surface, the photo shown was taken during one of those tests in the Low Speed Laboratory of the TU Delft. Through testing of the full scale car in a wind tunnel, for this, the DNW Large Low-Speed Facility in Marknesse is used. From meteorological data at the area where the contest is to take place, the wheel caps of the Nuna 3 are designed such that a sidewind will have a propulsory effect. The motor is encased in the rear wheel to minimise loss through mechanical transmission from motor to wheel
6.
Nuna 1
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Nuna 1 was a car powered by solar-power, developed by students from the Delft University of Technology. The project was sponsored by Nuon, thanks to this financial help the team was able to finish their first car, Nuna 1. The team consisted mainly out of students from the Delft University of Technology who were guided by former astronaut Wubbo Ockels, the Nuna won the World Solar Challenge in Australia in 2001, the race started in Darwin in the north to Adelaide in the south. It was the first time that the Dutch team participated in the race, the 3021 km long race was finished in 32 hours and 39 minutes, breaking the old record by the Honda-team from 1996. The average speed was 91.8 kilometer per hour, the cars shell was covered with the best dual junction and triple junction gallium-arsenide solar cells, developed for satellites. These cells had an efficiency of about 24%, the European Space Agency was about to test these cells in space in early 2003, when the technology-demonstrating SMART-1 mission was scheduled to launched to the Moon. These cells were part of a solar array, retrieved by ESA astronaut Claude Nicollier. They have been donated to the Alpha Centauri Team as a special mascot, Nuna qualified 11th 18 November 2001 - Day 1 Nuna took the lead before the first checkpoint in the race End of day 1, Nuna is in the lead. End of day 2, Nuna had a lead of 12.6 km over Aurora, M-Pulse lay in third place at 58 km and Solar Motions in fourth at 91 km.20 November 2001 - Day 3 Nuna vehicle maintains the lead in the race to reach Adelaide. End of day 3, Having travelled a distance of 2100 km. The closest rival car, Aurora, is just 15 km behind Nuna,21 November 2001 - Day 4 Nuna finishes first in a record-breaking time of 32 hours 39 minutes
7.
Nuna 5
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The Nuna 5 is the 2009 model of the Nuna series solar-powered racing car built by the Dutch Nuon Solar Team. In October 2009, Nuna 5 ran second, in a field of twenty-five and it completed the 3,021 km race in 32 hours 38 minutes, having an average speed of 91.9 km/h. The Nuon Solar Team has won the World Solar Challenge four times with Nuna in, Nuna 2, Nuna 3, the 2001 win was the first time a new team won the World Solar Challenge. At that time was called the Alpha Centauri Team, the 2009 Nuon Solar Team consists of 14 students from Delft University of Technology. As in previous years, Dutch energy supplier Nuon is the sponsor of the team. The team is assisted and advised by professor and former astronaut Wubbo Ockels, Nuon Solar Team and Nuna5 visited Japan. They visited several universities and city offices, in August 2010, Nuna 5 ran third, in the Suzuka Dream Cup in Japan. The Nuon Solar Team began designing Nuna5 on a basis in September 2008. After two series of wind tunnel tests at the Low Turbulence Tunnel laboratory of Delft University of technology in December and January, the team began building the car in February 2009. The body was built from carbon fiber at Schaap Composites shipyard in Lelystad, the car was involved in a serious crash on October 5,2009 while on a practice drive in Australia. A tire burst while the car was traveling at 110 km/h, like previous Nunas, Nuna 5 will be equipped with Gallium Arsenide triple junction solar cells. The solar cells have an efficiency of 34% and are normally used on solar panels in space. By regulations it is allowed to carry 6 square meters of solar cells, due to the type of solar cells on Nuna 5, it competed in the Challenge Class of the World Solar Challenge. The 2009 regulations are comparable to those from 2007, the major change was the diminished battery weight, changing from 30 kg in 2007 to 25 kg. Other changes required cars not be allowed to race on, previously used, slicks, also, the driver was required to sit more upright with a seating angle of, at most,27 degrees. Nuon Solar Team How low can you go, article in Leonardo times ) Nuna 5 vs. Nuna 4 dragrace on YouTube Photos from the Nuon solar team
8.
Technische Universiteit Delft
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Delft University of Technology, also known as TU Delft, is the largest and oldest Dutch public technological university, located in Delft, Netherlands. With eight faculties and numerous research institutes, it hosts over 19,000 students, more than 3,300 scientists, and more than 2,200 support and management staff. The university was established on 8 January 1842 by King William II of the Netherlands as a Royal Academy, Dutch Nobel laureates Jacobus Henricus van t Hoff, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, and Simon van der Meer have been associated with TU Delft. TU Delft is a member of several university federations including the IDEA League, CESAER, UNITECH, one of the purposes of the academy was to educate civil servants for the colonies of the Dutch East India Company. The first director of the academy was Antoine Lipkens, constructor of the first Dutch optical telegraph, Royal Academy had its first building located at Oude Delft 95 in Delft. On 23 May 1863 an Act was passed imposing regulations on technical education in the Netherlands, on 20 June 1864, Royal Academy in Delft was disbanded by a Royal Decree, giving a way to a Polytechnic School of Delft. The newly formed school educated engineers of various fields and architects, yet another Act, passed on 22 May 1905, changed the name of the school to Technical College of Delft, emphasizing the academic quality of the education. Polytechnic was granted university rights and was allowed to award academic degrees, the number of students reached 450 around that time. The official opening of the new school was attended by Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands on 10 July 1905, First dean of the newly established College was ir. J. Kraus, hydraulic engineer. In 1905, the first doctoral degree was awarded, from 1924 until the construction of the new campus in 1966 the ceremonies were held in the Saint Hippolytus Chapel. Corporate rights were granted to the College on 7 June 1956, most of the university buildings during that time were located within Delft city centre, with some of the buildings set on the side of the river Schie, in the Wippolder district. Student organizations grew together with the university, the first to be established on 22 March 1848 is the Delftsch Studenten Corps housed in the distinctive Sociëteit Phoenix on the Phoenixstraat. This was followed by the Delftsche Studenten Bond|de Delftsche Studenten Bond, in 1917 Proof Garden for Technical Plantation was established by Gerrit van Iterson, which today is known as Botanical Garden of TU Delft. In that period a first female professor, Toos Korvezee, was appointed, after the end of World War II, TU Delft increased its rapid academic expansion. Studium Generale was established at all universities in the Netherlands, including TU Delft, to promote a free and accessible knowledge related to culture, technology, society and science. Because of the number of students, in 1974 the first Reception Week for First Year Students was established. Since 2006 all buildings of the university are located outside of the city center of Delft. Relatively new building of Material Sciences department was sold, later demolished in 2007 to give place for a newly built building of the Haagse Hogeschool, closer cooperation between TU Delft and Dutch universities of applied sciences resulted in physical transition of some of the institutes from outside to Delft
