1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Ministry (band)
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Ministry is an American industrial metal band founded by lead singer and only original member Al Jourgensen in 1981. Originally a new wave outfit, Ministry changed its style to become one of the pioneers of industrial metal in the mid-1980s. Ministry found mainstream success in the early 1990s with their studio album Psalm 69, The Way to Succeed. After 27 years of performing, Jourgensen decided to end the band in 2008, however, in August 2011, a reunion was announced, when Ministry confirmed they would play one of their first shows in four years at the Wacken Open Air festival in August 2012. Ministry released a new album, Relapse, on March 23,2012, Al Jourgensen began Ministry in Chicago, Illinois in 1981. His first band prior to Ministry was Special Affect with Groovie Mann, drummer Harry Rushakoff, after that was the short-lived Silly Charmichaels, with Ben Krug, Tom Krug and Tom Wall. Ministrys original sound was new wave synthpop that was more melodic. Ministry released four 12 singles on Wax Trax and their first LP With Sympathy, was issued on Arista Records in 1983 and hit the upper 90s in the Billboard 200. The LP was well received by college radio fans initially and became common in new wave album collections at the time. The music in With Sympathy and the singles Arista issued in association with it were a type of synthpop. Songs from the LP were played live as an act for The Police during the Synchronicity Tours North American leg. Jourgensen has subsequently expressed extreme dislike for Ministrys With Sympathy-era output and he has provided different explanations for this, saying in one interview that after signing the record contract, all artistic control of Ministry was handed over to other writers and producers. He was not trying to come off as British, the Stones used a southern accent and no one crawled up their ass for it. Some of Jourgensens preferred recordings from the With Sympathy era were collected into the CD Early Trax, by the mid-1980s, Jourgensen parted ways with George and signed to Sire Records. Jourgensen performed mostly solo for Ministrys next LP, Twitch, which sold well, the music was danceable electronic music, but was not pop music, and the sound was harsher and more aggressive than what Ministry had recorded before. According to Jourgensen, Twitch was stuff that I was doing before With Sympathy came out, some of that stuff was already four or five years old, but the record company didnt want to use it, so. Much of the new sound was created with the use of digital sampling, after Twitch, Jourgensen made the most significant change in Ministrys history when he resumed playing electric guitar. With the addition of The Blackouts drummer William Rieflin, Ministry recorded The Land of Rape, the album continued their success in the underground music scene
3.
A-side and B-side
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The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record
4.
Wax Trax! Records
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Records is an American independent record label. It began as a shop in Denver, Colorado opened by Jim Nash. They sold the store in 1978 and, in November of that year, opened a new one under the name at 2449 North Lincoln Avenue in Chicago. This store would become the center of the new wave, punk rock, as important as Chess Records was to blues and soul music, Chicago’s Wax Trax imprint was just as significant to the punk rock, new wave and industrial genres. The original label was purchased in 1992 by TVT Records, in 2014, it was re-established by Julia Nash. The record store became a record label slowly at first, initially releasing limited edition records such as Brian Enos Wimoweh/Deadly Seven Finns seven inch, release was Strike Unders Immediate Action twelve inch EP in 1980, followed by Divines Born To Be Cheap seven inch. Among the most noteworthy artists released by Wax Trax, the label also released a bevy of side projects by Al Jourgensen and Paul Barker of Ministry, including Revolting Cocks, Acid Horse, Pailhead, PTP, Lead into Gold, and 1000 Homo DJs. Nash and Flesher licensed a number of recordings from Play It Again Sam of Belgium, Play It Again Sam, in turn, oversaw the operation of Wax Trax. Europe, although it closed abruptly when the relationship between the labels ended acrimoniously in the early 1990s, Play It Again Sam U. S. A. was subsequently absorbed by Caroline Records. Following a bankruptcy filing, Wax Trax. was bought by New York-based TVT Records in 1992, with Nash, TVT continued to use the Wax Trax. imprint for years, even after Nashs death from AIDS-related complications on October 10,1995. In 1994 TVT released Black Box - Wax Trax, Records, The First 13 Years under the Wax Trax. label. It was a 3-CD box set compilation of the labels biggest hits, mr. Nash is survived by his two children, Julia and Aaron Nash. Julia Nash owns and maintains the website titled WaxTraxChicago. com, The Official Family Site dedicated to the memory of Jim Nash / Dannie Flesher, on January 10,2011 WaxTraxChicago. com announced “Wax Trax. The Retrospectacle was the 33 & 1/3 year Wax Trax, however, while we are both in no way associated with this event, we want to make it clear that we do support the good works of the charity involved and honor the memory of Wax Trax. Founders Jim Nash and Dannie Flesher, in mid-June 2014, Jim Nashs daughter Julia Nash reopened Wax Trax. Records with the release of a 12-inch single from Cocksure and this was followed shortly afterward with the release of a 7-inch single for Front 242. This was accompanied by a store in Chicagos Cabaret Metro music venue on June 15. Historical site by Julia Nash Wax Trax, Records, the original Denver record store Wax Trax
5.
Al Jourgensen
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Alain David Jourgensen, is a Cuban-American musician and music producer, best known as the founder and frontman of the industrial metal band Ministry. He is sometimes credited as Alain Jourgensen, Alien Jourgensen, Uncle Al, Hypo Luxa, Dog, Alien Dog Star and he is a member and/or founder of several industrial rock bands, performing as a singer, guitarist or keyboard player. Alejandro Ramírez Casas was born in Havana to Cuban parents on October 9,1958, soon after, he relocated to the United States to live with his mother and his Norwegian stepfather, who changed the familys name to Jourgensen. Jourgensens stepfather Ed was a car driver, and mechanic for Formula One driver Dan Gurney. Jourgensen eventually attended the University of Illinois - Chicago, after enrolling at both the University of Northern Colorado and the University of Colorado. He worked as a radio DJ after college until he decided to pursue a career as a professional musician, Jourgensen formed Ministry in 1981 after leaving Special Affect, a new wave/synthpop band. Early singles by Ministry and Jourgensens other projects were released on Wax Trax and he also produced Skinny Puppys Rabies album. During that time, Jourgensen befriended Nivek Ogre, who toured with Ministry. The band broke into the mainstream with 1992s Psalm 69, The Way to Succeed, One of its tracks, N. W. O. was nominated for a 1993 Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance, losing to Nine Inch Nails Wish. However, its album, Filth Pig, divided their fan base. At the specific request of director Stanley Kubrick, Jourgensen appeared with Ministry in the film A. I and he related his conversation with Kubrick in an interview, Well, first of all, I hung up on him. I thought it was a crank call and his secretary was calling and I was like, Yeah, right. And then he called back personally and then talked to me, I mean, who wouldnt be freaked out. In a November 2008 issue of Hustler Magazine, Jourgensen announced that Ministry was officially finished, as the band up so much time and releasing new albums was difficult. He also explained that he was responsible for six other bands, however, despite Jourgensens insistence that Ministry would never return, a reunion was announced on August 7,2011. A new album, entitled Relapse, was released on March 26,2012, revolting Cocks, also known as RevCo, is an American industrial rock band that began as a musical side-project for Richard 23 of Front 242, Luc Van Acker, and Jourgensen. As he ejected the trio, the owner — a man who Jourgensen recalls was named Dess — shouted and you guys are a bunch of revolting cocks. The trio decided to use the name for their band, the band have changed lineups several times
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