1.
15 (number)
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15 is the natural number following 14 and preceding 16. In English, it is the smallest natural number with seven letters in its spelled name, in spoken English, the numbers 15 and 50 are often confused because they sound similar. When carefully enunciated, they differ in which syllable is stressed,15 /fɪfˈtiːn/ vs 50 /ˈfɪfti/, however, in dates such as 1500 or when contrasting numbers in the teens, the stress generally shifts to the first syllable,15 /ˈfɪftiːn/. In a 24-hour clock, the hour is in conventional language called three or three oclock. A composite number, its divisors being 1,3 and 5. A repdigit in binary and quaternary, in hexadecimal, as well as all higher bases,15 is represented as F. the 4th discrete semiprime and the first member of the discrete semiprime family. It is thus the first odd discrete semiprime, the number proceeding 15,14 is itself a discrete semiprime and this is the first such pair of discrete semiprimes. The next example is the pair commencing 21, the smallest number that can be factorized using Shors quantum algorithm. With only two exceptions, all prime quadruplets enclose a multiple of 15, with 15 itself being enclosed by the quadruplet, the aliquot sum of 15 is 9, a square prime 15 has an aliquot sequence of 6 members. 15 is the composite number in the 3-aliquot tree. The abundant 12 is also a member of this tree, fifteen is the aliquot sum of the consecutive 4-power 16, and the discrete semiprime 33. 15 and 16 form a Ruth-Aaron pair under the definition in which repeated prime factors are counted as often as they occur. There are 15 solutions to Známs problem of length 7, if a positive definite quadratic form with integer matrix represents all positive integers up to 15, then it represents all positive integers via the 15 and 290 theorems. Group 15 of the table are sometimes known as the pnictogens. 15 Madadgar is designated as a number in Pakistan, for mobile phones, similar to the international GSM emergency number 112, if 112 is used in Pakistan. 112 can be used in an emergency if the phone is locked. The Hanbali Sunni madhab states that the age of fifteen of a solar or lunar calendar is when ones taklif begins and is the stage whereby one has his deeds recorded. In the Hebrew numbering system, the number 15 is not written according to the method, with the letters that represent 10 and 5
2.
TransCanada Tower, Calgary
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TransCanada Tower is an office tower located in Calgary, Alberta. Located at 450 1st Street SW, it stands at 177 meters or 38 storeys tall and was completed in 2001 and it was designed by the architectural firm, Cohos Evamy. The tower overlooks James Short Park, the TransCanada Tower houses the head offices of TransCanada Corporation. It also is the Calgary location for sittings and hearings of the Court of Appeal of Alberta, list of tallest buildings in Calgary Emporis
3.
Fifth Avenue Place (Calgary)
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Fifth Avenue Place is a high-rise skyscraper complex in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It was originally called Esso Plaza and Imperial Oil is still the tenant of the building. It occupies the area of a city block, between 4th and 5th Avenue South and 1st and 2nd Street W. The buildings are managed by Brookfield Properties, the complex consists of two structures, East Tower and West Tower, both with 35 floors and a height of 133 m. Construction started in 1979 and the complex was completed in 1981, although the towers are almost identical, they are arranged in an L shape, with the West Tower oriented east-west, and the East Tower places on a north-south direction. Fifth Avenue Place was built in late modernist style and has walls with alternating vision glass on all sides. The three level underground parkade provides 793 parking stalls, the two towers are connected by a two level shopping galleria, which is connected by the Plus 15 skywalk network to nearby structures. A recreation area on the north side contains a large reflecting pool with three fountains, list of tallest buildings in Calgary Imperial Oil Building, the Imperial Oil Companys former Toronto headquarters Bow Valley Square
4.
The Core Shopping Centre (Calgary)
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It spans three city blocks and contains approximately 160 retailers on four levels. The property also contains four office towers and the historic Lancaster Building. It is the hub of downtown Calgary’s +15 skywalk system, and as such is the busiest shopping centre in the City by pedestrian count, the centres architectural focal point is a vast suspended glass skylight which spans the length complex. As of October 29,2010, The Core offers free evening, the Core is bounded by 8th Avenue SW on the south, 7th Avenue SW on the north, and extends above 3rd Street SW and 4th Street SW. The mall is connected to the neighbouring retail complexes of Bankers Hall. It also contains the Devonian Gardens, a unique 2. 5-acre glass-enclosed indoor botanical park, Eaton Co. opened its original department store on the site in 1929. In 1977, it was joined by TD Square to the east, TD Square, an office and shopping complex, covered four levels over an entire block and contained the original Devonian Gardens indoor botanical garden. In 1990, Eatons store was relocated into a new building one block west and a shopping centre. Following the closure of the Eaton’s chain in 2002, Sears acted as a store until 2008 when it was closed to make way for Holt Renfrews expansion. The combination of the two resulted in the property being rebranded “The Core”, however the property is still referred to as The Core - TD Square. The centre has just completed a three-year, multimillion-dollar redevelopment project which has unified the complex under a continuous 85-foot-wide, the skylight was completed in November 2009, and is the largest point-supported structural glass skylight in the world. The new skylight creates the feel of an outdoor streetscape on the third floor, heavy construction work forced numerous retailers to close or relocate during the renovation, most of which have renovated or expanded. The renovation also widened the concourses, replaced all interior finishes and facilities, expanded the food court and it also added several living green walls near the entrances to the Devonian Gardens space. In 2009, WestNet City Wi-Fi blanketed the centre with Wi-Fi, brooks Brothers contains the only Canadian locations for the Black Fleece designer shop and Fleece for boys and girls. List of shopping malls in Canada Core Shopping official website
5.
CTrain
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CTrain is a light rail transit system in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It began operation on May 25,1981 and has expanded as the city has increased in population, the system is operated by Calgary Transit, as part of the Calgary municipal governments transportation department. It is now one of the busiest light rail systems in North America, with over 300,000 daily riders. About 45% of workers in downtown Calgary take the CTrain to work, the CTrain system has two routes, which have been designated Route 201 - the Red line, and Route 202 - the Blue line. They have a route length of 59.9 kilometres. The longer route serves the southern and northwestern areas of the city, the shorter route serves the northeastern and western sections of the city. Most track is at grade, with its own right-of-way, the downtown portion is a shared right-of-way, serving both routes along the 7th Avenue South transit mall at street level. This portion is a zone and serves as a downtown people mover. The tracks split at the east and west ends of downtown into lines leading to the south, six percent of the system is underground, and seven percent is grade-separated. Trains are powered by overhead wires, using pantographs to draw power. In the first quarter of 2015, the CTrain system had an average of 333,800 unlinked passenger trips per weekday, in 2007, 45% of the people working in downtown Calgary took transit to work, the citys objective is to increase that to 60%. In late 2015 Calgary Transit began operating four-car LRT trains on the CTrain system, the lengthening of trains was done to alleviate overcrowding as the system was already carrying more than 300,000 passengers per day, and many trains were overcrowded. Many of the stations were also worn out by high passenger traffic. The idea of rail transit in Calgary originated in a 1967 Calgary transportation study, a fourth line, a north central line running from downtown to Thorncliffe mostly along Centre Street was also envisioned, but was thought to be beyond the scope of the study. However, a boom in the 1970s had caused the heavy rail concept to fall out of favour due to the increased costs of construction. LRT was chosen over dedicated busways and the expansion of the Blue Arrow bus service because light rail has lower operating costs. The Blue Arrow service all but disappeared in 2000, the present-day CTrain originated in a 1975 plan, calling for construction of a single line, from the downtown core to Anderson Road. The plan was approved by City Council in May 1977, with construction of what would become the LRTs South Line beginning one month later, the South Line opened on May 25,1981
6.
Holt Renfrew
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Limited, commonly known as Holt Renfrew or Holts, is a chain of high-end Canadian department stores specializing in an array of luxury brands and designer boutiques. Once Furriers in Ordinary to Queen Victoria, the chain was founded in 1837, three years earlier, Henderson had arrived by ship from Londonderry with a load of hats and caps. The merchandise sold well and other overseas crossings followed, eventually, Henderson set up shop at Quebec under the name William Ashton & Co. By 1847, the store, then renamed William S. Henderson & Co. had established itself at 12 Buade Street, eventually the store moved to larger premises at 35 Buade where it remained for many years. Over the decades that followed, the ownership changed hands, as various partners came and went. W. S. Henderson eventually sold the store to his brother John, a Montreal businessman, in 1862, with the addition of business partner George Richard Renfrew, the stores name changed to Henderson, Renfrew and Company. By the middle of the 19th century, the company had begun promoting its fur garments beyond Quebec to a larger North American and European market. An 1890 mail order fur catalogue listed nine different medals and diplomas won at London, Paris, and Philadelphia exhibitions from 1851 to 1888. Admirers of Sir John A. Then, in 1886, G. R. Renfrew & Co. received its most prestigious honour, the Queen had purchased a number of fur items from the company’s display at the Indian & Colonial Exhibition held that year at London, England. G. R. Renfrew & Co. of their appointment as furriers to the Queen, at the same exhibition this firm exposed a duplicate set in sable to that purchased from them by Her Majesty the Queen in person, at the Indian & Colonial Exhibition in London. It is upon the knowledge of facts that we congratulate Messrs. G. R. Renfrew & Co. and feel a pride in the success of our fellow citizens abroad. At home their success is exemplified by the number of awards made their exhibits. It was, in fact, the first of a series of warrants issued by members of the British Royal Family. In 1901, Holt, Renfrew & Co. was appointed furriers to Her Majesty Queen Alexandra and then to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, in 1910, the company was appointed by royal warrant furriers to His Majesty King George V. The last of the royal warrants was issued by the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VIII, in 1889, the company established its first store outside of Quebec City with a new retail outlet at 71 and 73 King Street East, Toronto. William Henderson had by this time retired and his nephew, Allen E. Renfrew, had become partner, in 1900, John Henderson Holt, who began his career as a company clerk, was appointed president and the firm became known as Holt, Renfrew & Co. By 1908, the structure had changed again and it had become Holt
7.
3 Street Southwest and 4 Street Southwest stations
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The 3 Street Southwest and 4 Street Southwest platforms are stops in downtown Calgary on the citys CTrain light rail system. The 3 Street Southwest platform is used by trains. Both platforms are located on the sides of 7 Avenue South and are located within the free-fare zone serving both Routes 201 and 202. The 3 Street W station, located between 3 Street &2 Street SW and adjacent to TD Square opened on May 25,1981 as part of Calgarys original LRT line from 8 Street W to Anderson. The original station was closed on April 20,2009, the new station opened on March 12,2010. The 4 Street W station, located between 4 Street &5 Street SW opened on May 25,1981, as part of Calgarys original LRT line from 8 Street W to Anderson. The original station was closed on January 7,2010 and demolished immediately with the new station constructed in its place, the new station opened on January 21,2011. Like all refurbished 7 Avenue platforms, the entire sidewalk slopes up to the station at both ends and the platform can handle 4-car trains, the station registered an average of 16,300 and 11,100 daily boardings in 2005
8.
Centennial Place (Calgary)
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Centennial Place is a set of 2 skyscrapers constructed in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Named in honour of Albertas Centennial year, the complex includes an underground 5 level parkade with 793 stalls, the office space covers 1,200,000 sq ft. Construction of Centennial Place was completed in 2010. The buildings are owned and operated by real estate investor. The roof of the 39 floor east tower rises to a height of 165.2 m with the reaching a height of 182.6 m. The roof of the 23 floor west tower rises to a height of 100.1 m with a spire 117.6 m tall. Centennial Places key tenants include Vermilion Energy, Borden Ladner Gervais, Divestco, Baytex Energy, AER, Murphy Oil, list of tallest buildings in Calgary Centennial Place
9.
Canterra Tower
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Devon Tower is a skyscraper in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Located at 400 3rd Avenue SW, it stands at 177 metres or 45 storeys tall, the building was completed in 1988 and was designed by WZMH Architects in the postmodern style. It was built with glass walls on all sides. Devon Tower is a Class ‘AAA’ office tower located in the bustling Eau Claire District and it has an efficient floor plate and offers tremendous vista views of downtown, the mountains, the city and prairies, and it is one of the city’s top office buildings
10.
Skyway
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A skyway, skybridge, or skywalk is a type of pedway consisting of an enclosed or covered bridge between two or more buildings in an urban area. This protects pedestrians from the weather, in North America skyways are usually owned by businesses, and are therefore not public spaces. Skyways usually connect on the first few floors above the floor, though they are sometimes much higher. The space in the buildings connected by skyways is often devoted to retail business, non-commercial areas with closely associated buildings, such as university campuses, can often have skyways and/or tunnels connecting buildings. The worlds largest discontinuous skyway network – Calgary, Albertas +15 Walkway system – has a length of 18 km. The Minneapolis Skyway System is the worlds largest continuous system and spans 8 miles connecting 69 blocks in downtown Minneapolis, on a smaller scale, terminals of large airports are often connected by skywalk systems, as at Manchester Airport, United Kingdom. Some cities have the equivalent of an underground, and there are also mixed subway/skyway systems. A number of cities have given intricate analysis to systems employing computer models to optimize skywalk layout. There is debate about the impact on urban areas of skyways. Robertson noted the negative impacts to street activities, and reductions to the property value at ground level, woo found that skywalk systems could be negatively associated with promoting consumerism. Cui called for research into the impact of skyways in developing countries. There are significant skyway networks in cities in the US Midwest, such as Saint Paul, Des Moines, Cedar Rapids, Rochester. Most networks in North America are privately owned, a notable exception in are the Saint Paul skyways, which are publicly owned. In Bangkok, Thailand there are more than 5.4 km of covered wide dedicated elevated skywalks with lighting and these were developed due to lack of proper sidewalks as well as street hawkers and local merchants taking advantage of any sidewalk space as makeshift commercial real estate. Most skywalks connect to a BTS station and utilize space underneath the rail line and these skywalks have connector ramps which connect stations to malls seamlessly and are paid for by the malls themselves, otherwise the city and BTS fund walkway development. A 50km long extension project was shelved in 2011 due to funding issues, in Hong Kong, China there are numerous foot bridge networks across the city. Particularly large networks exists around elevated or at grade MTR stations and connections between malls and housing estates in new town centers, the Central–Mid-Levels walkway system is the longest outdoor covered escalator system in the world according to Guinness World Records. Other large systems exist in Tsuen Wan and Mong Kok, the Mumbai Skywalk Project is a planned discontinuous network of over 50 km of skywalks in Mumbai Metropolitan Region, India
11.
Calgary
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Calgary is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, the city anchors the south end of what Statistics Canada defines as the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The city had a population of 1,239,220 in 2016, making it Albertas largest city, also in 2016, Calgary had a metropolitan population of 1,392,609, making it the fourth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada. The Calgary CMA is home to the second-highest number of head offices in Canada among the countrys 800 largest corporations. In 1988, Calgary became the first Canadian city to host the Winter Olympic Games, Calgary was named after Calgary on the Isle of Mull, Scotland. In turn, the name originates from a compound of kald and gart, similar Old Norse words, meaning cold and garden, alternatively, the name might be Gaelic Cala ghearraidh, meaning beach of the meadow, or Gaelic for either clear running water or bay farm. The Calgary area was inhabited by people whose presence has been traced back at least 11,000 years. Before the arrival of Europeans, the area was inhabited by the Blackfoot, Blood, Peigan, in 1787, cartographer David Thompson spent the winter with a band of Peigan encamped along the Bow River. He was a Hudsons Bay Company trader and the first recorded European to visit the area, John Glenn was the first documented European settler in the Calgary area, in 1873. The site became a post of the North-West Mounted Police, the NWMP detachment was assigned in 1875 to protect the western plains from US whisky traders, and to protect the fur trade. Originally named Fort Brisebois, after NWMP officer Éphrem-A, Brisebois, it was renamed Fort Calgary in 1876 by Colonel James Macleod. When the Canadian Pacific Railway reached the area in 1883, over a century later, the Canadian Pacific Railway headquarters moved to Calgary from Montreal in 1996. Calgary was officially incorporated as a town in 1884, and elected its first mayor, in 1894, it was incorporated as The City of Calgary in what was then the North-West Territories. The Calgary Police Service was established in 1885 and assumed municipal, local duties from the NWMP, the Calgary Fire of 1886 occurred on November 7,1886. Fourteen buildings were destroyed with losses estimated at $103,200, although no one was killed or injured, city officials drafted a law requiring all large downtown buildings to be built with Paskapoo sandstone, to prevent this from happening again. After the arrival of the railway, the Dominion Government started leasing grazing land at minimal cost, as a result of this policy, large ranching operations were established in the outlying country near Calgary. Already a transportation and distribution hub, Calgary quickly became the centre of Canadas cattle marketing and meatpacking industries. By the late 19th century, the Hudsons Bay Company expanded into the interior and established posts along rivers that later developed into the cities of Winnipeg, Calgary
12.
Alberta
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Alberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,196,457 as of July 1,2015, it is Canadas fourth-most populous province and its area is about 660,000 square kilometres. Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1,1905, the premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015. Alberta is bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U. S. state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to only a single U. S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces. About 290 km south of the capital is Calgary, the largest city in Alberta, Calgary and Edmonton centre Albertas two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding one million, while the province has 16 census agglomerations. Tourist destinations in the province include Banff, Canmore, Drumheller, Jasper, Alberta is named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter of Victoria, Queen of Canada, and Albert, Prince Consort. Princess Louise was the wife of John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, Lake Louise and Mount Alberta were also named in her honour. Alberta, with an area of 661,848 km2, is the fourth largest province after Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. To the south, the borders on the 49th parallel north, separating it from the US state of Montana. The province extends 1,223 km north to south and 660 km east to west at its maximum width, with the exception of the semi-arid steppe of the south-eastern section, the province has adequate water resources. There are numerous rivers and lakes used for swimming, fishing, there are three large lakes, Lake Claire in Wood Buffalo National Park, Lesser Slave Lake, and Lake Athabasca which lies in both Alberta and Saskatchewan. The longest river in the province is the Athabasca River which travels 1,538 km from the Columbia Icefield in the Rocky Mountains to Lake Athabasca, the largest river is the Peace River with an average flow of 2161 m3/s. The Peace River originates in the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia and flows through northern Alberta and into the Slave River, Albertas capital city, Edmonton, is located approximately in the geographic centre of the province. It is the most northerly city in Canada, and serves as a gateway. The region, with its proximity to Canadas largest oil fields, has most of western Canadas oil refinery capacity, Calgary is located approximately 280 km south of Edmonton and 240 km north of Montana, surrounded by extensive ranching country. Almost 75% of the population lives in the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The land grant policy to the served as a means to populate the province in its early years
13.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
14.
Vincent Massey
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Charles Vincent Massey PC CH CC CD FRSC was a Canadian lawyer and diplomat who served as the first Canadian-born Governor General of Canada, the 18th since Canadian Confederation. On September 16,1925, Massey was sworn into the Kings Privy Council for Canada, however, Massey was later, as a former Governor General of Canada, entitled to be styled for life with the superior form of The Right Honourable. He subsequently continued his work and founded Massey College at the University of Toronto. Massey was born in Toronto, Ontario, as the son of Anna and Chester Daniel Massey, the owner of the Massey-Harris Co. and the patriarch of one of the citys wealthiest families. But, he was not with his new bride long before, at the end of 1914, the United Kingdom, and thus Canada along with it, had declared war on Germany. Massey was commissioned as an officer for Military District No.2 and was called to work for the Cabinet war committee before being discharged at the cessation of hostilities in 1918. By the next year, UofTs social and athletic facility was complete and dedicated in memory of Masseys grandfather, Hart Massey, as Hart House, there, Massey participated as an amateur actor and director in the buildings theatre. It was desired that Massey, as a minister, hold a seat in the House of Commons, yet he failed to win his riding of Durham in the 1925 federal election, held on October 29. But, merely five days after Massey relinquished his posting to Washington, Mackenzie Kings Liberal Party was defeated in the federal election, three years later, the Liberals were again returned to a majority in the commons and Mackenzie King was once more installed as prime minister. Throughout his time as commissioner, Massey used his connections to bring to Canada House a litany of personalities from the highest quarters. Seven decades later, these accusations against Massey resulted in a campaign in Windsor, Ontario, to rename a high school that had originally been named in his honour. Though Massey was honoured for all work by being inducted in 1946 by King George VI into the Order of the Companions of Honour. He sat as chair of the National Gallery of Canada from 1948 to 1952 and was selected as Chancellor of the University of Toronto between 1948 and 1953, all this Massey continued despite the death of his wife in July 1950. As a widower, he was also the only unmarried person ever to reside at Rideau Hall, typically, the governor generals wife would be the viceregal consort and act as the hostess and chatelaine of the household. In Masseys case, however, his daughter-in-law, Lilias Massey, fulfilled the role, though she was not accorded the style of Her Excellency, laurents choice of Massey to succeed the Viscount Alexander of Tunis as the Kings representative. Within five days, however, the King was dead and Massey, upon his swearing-in, would thus be the first Canadian-born representative of Georges daughter, Queen Elizabeth II. As he was a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, in Canada, there was some commentary about the soon-to-be representative of the new queen. The notion of a Canadian-born governor general, and one also not elevated to the peerage, was viewed as controversial by traditionalists
15.
Department store
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A department store or magazine is a retail establishment offering a wide range of consumer goods in different product categories known as departments. In modern major cities, the department store made a appearance in the middle of the 19th century, and permanently reshaped shopping habits. Similar developments were under way in London, in Paris and in New York, customers check out near the front of the store or, alternatively, at sales counters within each department. Some are part of a chain of many stores, while others may be independent retailers. In the 1970s, they came under pressure from discounters. Since 2010, they have come under even heavier pressure from online stores such as Amazon, big-box stores, hypermarkets, and discount stores are modern equivalent of historical department stores. Before shopping malls, department stores were standalone, the origins of the department store lay in the growth of the conspicuous consumer society at the turn of the 19th century. As the Industrial Revolution accelerated economy expansion, the affluent middle-class grew in size, urbanized social group, sharing a culture of consumption and changing fashion, was the catalyst for the retail revolution. One of the first department stores may have been Bennetts in Derby and it still stands to this day, trading in the same building. However, the first reliably dated department store to be established, was Harding, Howell & Co and it is fitted up with great taste, and is divided by glazed partitions into four departments, for the various branches of the extensive business, which is there carried on. Immediately at the entrance is the first department, which is appropriated to the sale of furs. The second contains articles of haberdashery of every description, silks, muslins, lace, gloves, &etc. The fourth is set apart for millinery and dresses, so there is no article of female attire or decoration. This venture is described as having all of the characteristics of the department store. This pioneering shop was closed down in 1820 when the partnership was dissolved. Department stores began large scale establishment in the 1840s and 50s, in France, the UK, all the major British cities had flourishing department stores by the mid-or late nineteenth century. Increasingly, women became the major shoppers and middle-class households, Kendals in Manchester lays claim to being one of the first department stores and is still known to many of its customers as Kendals, despite its 2005 name change to House of Fraser. The Manchester institution dates back to 1836 but had been trading as Watts Bazaar since 1796, at its zenith the store had buildings on both sides of Deansgate linked by a subterranean passage Kendals Arcade and an art nouveau tiled food hall
16.
Downtown Calgary
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Downtown Calgary is a region of central Calgary, Alberta, containing the second largest concentration of head offices in Canada. The region is divided into neighbourhoods, the Central Business District, Eau Claire, Chinatown, East Village. There are a number of districts within Downtown Calgary as well, the population of Calgarys downtown has grown substantially in recent years, growing by several thousand between 2011 and 2016. Calgary Transits C-Train light rail system runs down 7th Avenue S. through the middle of downtown in a E-W direction, while the newly proposed Green Line of the C-Train will run underground through downtown under 2nd Street, running in a N-S direction. Calgarys dense business area comprises the bulk of the downtown community and it is a core of skyscrapers. As of February 2017, eight of the ten tallest buildings in western Canada, and it is arguably the densest downtown area of any city of its size in North America. Many of the buildings are connected via an 18 km long network of elevated walkways, the system, known as the +15 is the largest of its kind in the world. The area surrounding the Stephen Avenue Walk is Downtown Calgarys primary retail area, Stephen Avenue is a pedestrian mall lined with historic buildings containing stores, restaurants, cinemas, and drinking establishments. Immediately adjacent to the portion of Stephen Avenue is an indoor complex of two shopping malls. The malls, The Core Shopping Centre and the Scotia Centre are bordered at either end by the historic Hudsons Bay Company store, the street is also home to a number of galleries, restaurants, pubs, off-beat cinemas, and nightclubs. The commercial core is divided into a number of districts. They include the Entertainment District/Stephen Avenue, The Olympic Plaza and Cultural District, the government district is an informal subdivision of the downtown core, and is centered along Macleod Trail, between the commercial core, Chinatown and Downtown East Village. A statue of The Famous Five stands between Stephen Avenue and Olympic Plaza, the entertainment district is located along 8th Avenue South. Landmark buildings found in this include the Hyatt Regency Hotel, which incorporates several historic buildings into its facade. Landmark skyscrapers in this district are Scotia Centre, Bankers Hall, the Udderly Art Legacy Pasture, a collection of decorated fiberglass cows built in 2000, is hosted mainly in the Centennial Parkade, while other particular exponates are spread throughout the city. The East Village is an area to the east of the Downtown Commercial Core and this area was plagued by crime and homelessness for a long time. However, the area has seen an amount of redevelopment since the late 2000s. The neighbourhood is host to the $191 million National Music Centre of Canada, since the redevelopment has started, the neighbourhood has seen $2.7 billion worth of investment
17.
Stephen Avenue
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Stephen Avenue is a major pedestrian mall in downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The mall is the portion of 8 Avenue SW between 4 Street SW and 1 Street SE and it is open to vehicles only from 6,00 p. m. to 6,00 a. m. The street is known for some of Calgarys finest restaurants, cafés, pubs, the street also provides an eclectic mix of boutiques and high-end retail. Major shopping centres include The Core Shopping Centre, Bankers Hall, Fashion Central, Scotia Centre, unlike 17 Avenue, Stephen Avenue is not regarded as a major night spot in the city, although there are night clubs located on the mall. The street was named after George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen, Stephen Avenue contains a high concentration of registered historic buildings and the street itself was declared a Canadian historic site in 2002
18.
Eau Claire, Calgary
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The neighbourhood of Eau Claire in Calgary, Alberta, Canada is located immediately north of Downtown, and south of the Bow River and north of 4th Avenue. A mix of condominiums, shopping, restaurants, hotels. Contained within Eau Claire is the citys Festival District, the area, which was developed from reclaimed industrial land, fronts the Bow River and sits immediately north of 3rd Avenue South. Within Eau Claire is Eau Claire Market and a variety of pubs and it is also located on the citys large network of pedestrian pathways and trails, along the Bow River pathway. The name Eau Claire derives from one of Calgarys original industries - a sawmill transplanted from Eau Claire, Wisconsin, the area on the banks of the Bow River was selected in 1886 for its easy access to fallen timber. The community was named for the Eau Claire Lumber Company. The community has a redevelopment plan in place. In the City of Calgarys 2012 municipal census, Eau Claire had a population of 1,851 living in 1,328 dwellings, with a land area of 0.5 km2, it had a population density of 3, 700/km2 in 2012. Residents in this community had a household income of $80,210 in 2000. As of 2000,32. 7% of the residents were immigrants, a proportion of 98% of the buildings were condominiums or apartments, and 38. 7% of the housing was used for renting. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 7 councillor, Eau Claire Market is the focal point of the neighbourhood. It sits immediately south of the Bow River and was built on industrial land. The mall is home to unique and one of a kind shops and galleries, a six screen Cineplex Odeon multiplex. To coincide with the reconfiguration of Eau Claire Plaza, plans are currently in development to demolish, the new market will likely cater to a larger and more diverse demographic to better serve the residential community at large
19.
Beltline, Calgary
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The Beltline is a region of central Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The area is located immediately to the south of Calgarys downtown, the neighbourhood is bounded on the south by 17th Avenue, on the west by 14th Street West and on the east by the Elbow River. The Beltline is one of Calgarys most densely populated neighbourhoods as well as the most urban, featuring apartments, condominiums. It has the reputation of being one of Calgarys primary areas for eclectic night-life, restaurants, the first established district in the neighbourhood was Connaught in 1905, followed by Victoria Park in 1914. When the region and its redevelopment plan were established in 2003, it amalgamated the inner city neighbourhoods of Victoria Park. As of May 2015, there were 21,939 people residing in the Beltline, the district is named for an early 20th-century streetcar route. The Calgary Fire Department serves the Beltline district from Fire Station No.2 at 101010 Avenue S. W, the City of Calgary recognizes four smaller neighbourhoods in Beltline including West Connaught, Connaught Centre, Victoria Crossing Centre and East Victoria Crossing. They are areas of equal north-south orientation and divided by 8 Street SW,4 Street SW, Macleod Trail, the Beltline contains a number of less formal city districts within its boundaries. These include Midtown, the Design District, Victoria Park Business Revitalization Zone, the 4th Street BRZ, the Uptown 17th BRZ, the Warehouse District, and a portion of the Rivers District. 17th Avenue, which is on the extremity of the Beltline district, is a mixed-use area with a dense concentration of bars, restaurants, nightclubs. Behind this commercial development are residential areas, the street also dead-ends at the Stampede Grounds on its east side, and is thus central to the party-like atmosphere that overtakes the city during the Calgary Stampede festival. 17th Avenue was nicknamed the Red Mile in 2004 during the run of Calgarys NHL team. During this time, it was not uncommon to see over 100,000 fans crowding the street and its bars, Victoria Park comprises the eastern part of the Beltline, is bisected by Macleod Trail, and contains the Warehouse district. It was named after Queen Victoria, who is celebrated in a monument to the Second Boer War located in Central Memorial Park, Victoria Park is adjacent to the Stampede Grounds and the Scotiabank Saddledome arena. Residents in this community had a household income of $28,843 in 2000. In the City of Calgarys 2015 municipal census, Beltline had a population of 21,939 living in 17,067 dwellings, with a land area of 2.2 km2, it had a population density of 9, 970/km2 in 2015. The Beltline is a neighbourhood in transition, on May 15,2006 the Calgary City Council approved the Beltline Area Redevelopment Plan. The plan details land use policies and implementation recommendations which are designed to be implemented concurrently with the broader Land Use Bylaw redesign and it aims to accommodate up to 40,000 residents in the neighbourhood by 2035
20.
Waydowntown
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Waydowntown is a 2000 film directed by Gary Burns exploring office culture and its effects. The film is set in Calgary, Alberta, where many buildings are connected by the Plus 15. Because of this network, the hustle and bustle of the main street has been replaced by recirculated air, food courts. The result is a bleak and often humorous dark comedy about Canadian corporate culture, the film centres on a group of colleagues in downtown Calgary, Alberta, who bet a months salary on who can last the longest without going outside. The film takes place over one hour on day 28 of the month-long competition. Things start to become complicated as the office prepares for the founders retirement party. The film is a comedy and often uses surrealism to achieve its thematic goals. The cast includes Fab Filippo, Don McKellar, Marya Delver, the films title is derived from a particular form of suicide where one smashes the window of ones high-rise office and then jumps through. Many people go downtown, but such folks go waydowntown, in the movie, one of the characters has accumulated a 2-litre pop bottle full of marbles in the hopes of breaking his window. The companys offices are situated in the TD Canada Trust Tower, the low-budget film was shot on digital and later transferred to 35 mm. The film as of May 1,2009 has a 70% freshness rating on Rotten Tomatoes, most critics praise the satirical elements, casting, and plot. Others find the film to be humourless, incomplete, and the plot to be too nonsensical, the radio station CJAY92 that plays Start A Rumour Day throughout the film is a real rock station in Calgary, with the stations actual DJs. The phone number that is mentioned is the phone number. Office Space National Film Boards rental page for waydowntown Waydowntown at the Internet Movie Database waydowntown at Rotten Tomatoes
21.
Alberta Energy Utilities Board
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The Ministry of Energy is a Cabinet-level agency of the government of the Canadian province of Alberta responsible for coordinating policy relating to the development of mineral and energy resources. It is also responsible for assessing and collecting non-renewable resource royalties, freehold mineral taxes, rentals and it reported to the Executive Council through the Ministry of Energy, although it operated and made its formal decisions independently and autonomously. ENR policy was based on the premise that with proper planning and management, land can support a variety of uses, such as, timber, recreation, however few were ideally compatible creating a climate of competition and conflict. In 1986 the Department of Energy and the Department of Forestry, Lands, the original resource agencies continued and interdepartmental planning took place under Resource Evaluation and Planning. The Resource Evaluation and Planning division was created in 1976 to provide coordination, in the 1980s REAP oversaw an integrative planning system using a team approach to decision-making. It was a time of transition. More established agencies like the Alberta Forest Service supported preservation of traditional attitudes and behaviour, by the 1980s Alberta Forest Service had a strong authority system with a military style chain of command and system of ranks. Fish and Wildlife Division were more flexible and less formally structured, public Lands were more bureaucratic and mechanistic. The Fish and Wildlife division who emphasized long-term research and monitoring are under the auspices of the Fish, Fish and Wildlife division were with the Department of Recreation and Parks before joining Energy and Natural Resources in 1979. The Mineral Resources division had very high status and power because of their client groups, which included the oil and gas industry, who are powerful actors on the Alberta scene. In 1982 the Alberta Forest Service had a staff of 765 and a budget of $123 million, Royalty rates in Alberta are based on the price of WTI. That royalty rate is applied to a projects Net Revenue if the project has reached payout or Gross Revenue if the project has not yet reached payout, a projects revenue is a direct function of the price it is able to sell its crude for. Since WCS is a benchmark for oil sands crudes, revenues in the oil sands are discounted when the price of WCS is discounted and those price discounts flow through to the royalty payments. The Province of Alberta receives a portion of benefits from the development of resources in the form of royalties that fund in part programs like health, education. In 2006-7 the oil sands royalty revenue was $2.411 billion, in 2007/08 it rose to $2.913 billion and it continued to rise in 2008/09 to $2.973 billion. The rate cuts included, The current five per cent front-end rate on natural gas, the maximum royalty rate for conventional oil will be reduced to 40 per cent, down from the current level of 50 per cent. The maximum royalty rate for conventional and unconventional natural gas will be reduced at higher levels from 50 to 36 per cent. In 2010 the oil and gas accounted for 30 percent of Albertas GDP and 147,000 direct jobs
22.
Bankers Hall
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Bankers Hall is a building complex located in downtown Calgary, Alberta, which includes twin 52-storey office towers, designed by the architectural firm Cohos Evamy in postmodern architectural style. The first building, known as Bankers Hall East, is located at 855 2nd Street SW and was completed in 1989 and it was followed in 2000 by Bankers Hall West, at 888 3rd Street SW. After its completion, they became the tallest twin buildings in Canada, both buildings contain four-level podiums with an upscale retail gallery connected to the Plus 15 skywalk network. The Core Shopping Centre, the largest shopping complex in downtown Calgary, is connected via Plus 15. The northeast corner of the complex incorporates the historic Hollinsworth Building, the distinctive crowns of the buildings are intended to resemble cowboy hats when viewed from afar, Bankers Hall West is topped by a gold roof structure while the East buildings crown is in silver. A white cowboy hat has long been a symbol of Calgary, being portrayed on the citys flag. For tenants and people who work in and around Bankers Hall, Bankers Hall Club occupies the old space of the Bankers Hall Five movie theater which was open from 1990 to 2001. Canadian Natural Resources Limited List of tallest buildings in Calgary List of shopping malls in Canada Bankers Hall
23.
Bow Valley College
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Bow Valley College is a public, board-governed college operating as a comprehensive community institution under the Post-Secondary Learning Act of Alberta. The branch campuses are, Airdrie, Banff, Canmore, Cochrane, Drumheller, High River, Okoktoks, bow Valley College is a member of the Alberta Rural Development Network. BVC offers year-round programs that lead to certificates and diplomas, as well as adult upgrading. They also offer services and specialized services that help newcomers to Canada. BVC offers certificates and diplomas in a variety of areas including health and business training, adult upgrading. It was founded as the Alberta Vocational Centre in 1965, in May 2013, BVC unveiled its new South Campus building on 6th Avenue. The South Campus building hosts the Calgary operations of Athabasca University, Olds College Fashion Institute, bow Valley College joined Project Hero, a scholarship program cofounded by General Rick Hillier for the families of fallen Canadian Forces members
24.
Bow Valley Square, Calgary
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Bow Valley Square is an office tower complex in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The building is owned and operated by real estate investor. The buildings were designed by WZMH Architects and built by CANA Construction Company Limited, located in downtown Calgary, the buildings are directly connected by the Plus 15 skywalk system to Fifth Avenue Place to the north and Suncor Energy Centre to the east. A shopping gallery is located at the +15 level as well as level and contains retail, recreation, services. Construction started in 1972 and ended in 1981 with the fourth tower, the complex itself is made of towers, 205-5TH Avenue SW, 255-5TH Ave SW, 202-6TH Ave SW, and 250-6TH Ave SW. The highest skyscraper in the complex is Bow Valley Square 2, with 39 floors and it was the tallest building in western Canada when it was built, in 1975. List of tallest buildings in Calgary Bow Valley Square - Property Website
25.
Brookfield Place (Calgary)
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Brookfield Place Calgary is a full-block commercial development located between 1st & 2nd Streets and 6th & 7th Avenues SW in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, consisting of 220,000 square metres. The 56 storey and 247 metres tall tower in the northeast corner of the block is Calgarys tallest building, north American oil company Cenovus Energy will lease 90,000 square metres of the east tower as the anchor tenant. The development will include a 2, 000-square-metre public plaza featuring restaurants, public art displays, cultural activities, the development will be constructed to achieve LEED Gold standard for Core & Shell development. Commuters will have access to the Plus 15 skywalk system. The property will house a bicycle parking facility accessible by dedicated bike ramps separate from vehicular traffic and electric car plug-in recharge stations, list of tallest buildings in Calgary Brookfield Place Brookfield Place Website
26.
Calgary Board of Education
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Calgary School District No.19 or the Calgary Board of Education is the public school board in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. As a public system, the CBE is required to accept any students who meet age and residency requirements and it was founded in 1885 as the Calgary Protestant Public School District No.19. The other two based in the city, both Francophone, are a fraction of the size of the CBE with only a handful of schools each. In land area, the CBE is the smallest of the four Calgary districts, as the city limits have expanded, the CBE boundary has remained in sync. All CBE land overlaps the other three districts, the CBE operates 226 schools in grades K-12. Non-adult student enrollment was 111,518, there is an enrollment of 2,982 for continuing education which is CBE-Learn. A total Enrollment of 114,472 in Sept 2014, the operating budget was $1.3 billion for the 2015/16 fiscal year. A group of seven elected trustees govern the CBE, each trustee represents two wards in the city. They are elected every four years, in the municipal election. In the election, Calgary voters can vote for a trustee to one of the two main school boards. The last election was in October 2013, the public and Catholic systems operate independently of each other, and are both under the direct authority of the provincial government of Alberta. Long serving Trustee and Chair of the Board, Pat Cochrane declined to run in the 2013 municipal elections, Cochrane was first elected in 1999 and has devoted much effort and time to the causes of Public Education. Fellow trustee George Lane was defeated by a margin in Wards 6 &7. The CBE operates a number of programs, usually. The CBE operates an adult and continuing education program through Chinook Learning Services and it offers High School Upgrading, Continuing Education and adult English as a Second Language programs. The Louise Dean Centre is a specifically designed for female students that become pregnant before completing high school. It provides daycare for the children, flexible schedules for the students, the CBEs Gifted and Talented Education program assists qualified students with more advanced instruction. GATE compacts and accelerates the typical curriculum and it also provides extra experts and mentors
27.
Calgary Tower
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The Calgary Tower is a 191-meter free standing observation tower in Downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The tower was built at a cost of $3,500,000 and weighs approximately 10,900 tonnes and it opened to the public on June 30,1968 as the tallest structure in Calgary, and the tallest in Canada outside of Toronto. It was renamed the Calgary Tower in 1971, the building was a founding member of the World Federation of Great Towers. The structure was designed by W. G. Milne & A. Dale and Associates, construction began on February 19,1967, and completed in 15 months at a cost of C$3.5 million. The column of the tower was built from an unprecedented continual pour of concrete, upon completion, the Husky Tower stood 190.8 m tall and was the tallest structure of its type in North America. It dominated the Calgary skyline, standing well over twice the height of the previous tallest structure in the city, developers deliberately misled the public, claiming the tower would stand 187 m, in the hopes of preventing competing developers from surpassing the Husky Towers height record. Shortly after officials in San Antonio, Texas attempted to claim the record in announcing the completion of the 190 m Tower of the Americas, the Husky Tower officially opened on June 28–30,1968, in three separate ceremonies. It had two elevators that could take visitors to the level in just over a minute at a cost of $1 for adults and 50 cents for children under 13. The observation level featured a lounge/restaurant called the Hitching Post, marathon Realty acquired a controlling interest in the tower in 1970. The structure was renamed the Calgary Tower on November 1,1971 as a tribute to the citizens of the city. It is still called the Husky Tower by airport officials, however, the Petro-Canada Centres west tower overtook the Calgary Tower as the tallest structure in Calgary in 1983. Until 2011, the 215-metre skyscraper was the tallest building in the city, while the twin-towers of Bankers Hall, the Bow, completed in 2012, is now the tallest building in Western Canada at 236 meters. A study conducted in 1982 proposed building an additional 85-metre shaft on top of the pod that would feature a second observation deck. The plan was never considered, however, and the owners of the tower remain satisfied with its height. The tower underwent significant renovations between 1987 and 1990, the lower level was renovated over the course of a year in 1990, and featured the construction of a glass rotunda to serve as the new lobby of the building. A natural gas-fired cauldron was constructed at the top of the tower by Canadian Western Natural Gas in October 1987 as a gift to celebrate the 1988 Winter Olympics. The torch, which consumes 850 cubic metres per hour, was first lit on February 13,1988 when the Games opened and it continues to be re-ignited for various special events, including Canada Day. The tower was a member of the World Federation of Great Towers in 1989 along with the Eiffel Tower
28.
TD Canada Trust Tower, Calgary
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TD Canada Trust Tower is an office tower in Calgary, Alberta. Located at 421 7th Avenue SW, it stands at 162 m or 41 stories tall and it was designed by WZMH Architects in the postmodern style and was built by PCL Construction in 1991. It has an area of 65,000 m2 and is serviced by 15 elevators. The building is managed by 20 VIC Properties, in addition to TD Canada Trust, the tower is home to, TD Securities Cenovus Energy McCarthy Tetrault The site was once the Eatons Calgary flagship store. Some of the original walls have been retained and incorporated into the facade of The Cores retail podium. List of tallest buildings in Calgary TD Canada Trust Tower
29.
CKAL-DT
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CKAL-DT, virtual channel 5, is a City owned-and-operated television station located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The station is owned by Rogers Media as part of a twinstick with Omni Television outlet CJCO-DT, the two stations share studios located on 7 Avenue and 5 Street Southwest in Downtown Calgary, and its transmitter is located near Old Banff Coach Road/Highway 563. CKAL also operates a rebroadcast transmitter in Lethbridge, broadcasting on UHF channel 46 and this station can also be seen on Shaw Cable channel 8 and in high definition on digital channel 213. On Shaw Direct, the channel is available on 328 or 018 and this station is also available on Bell TV channel 246 and in high definition on channel 1133. The station launched on VHF channel 5 on September 20,1997 under the ownership Craig Media and it billed itself as a station with a very deep connection to Calgary, and whose schedule was not determined by interests in Toronto. Its slogan was Very independent, very Calgary, CKALs opening was marked with a street party and its main studio was easily visible from passersby on 7th Avenue, during the stations first year it even operated a small cafe near its main entrance. CKEMs master control operations were moved to CKALs facility in Calgary in 2003, nine employees working at CKAL were laid off on May 19,2004 in addition to a 28-employee layoff at Craig Medias CKXT-TV in Toronto. Craig Media said the cuts were made to rationalize its operations. In 2004, Craig Media announced a deal to sell its television assets, including the A-Channel stations. The sale was approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission on November 19,2004, on February 3,2005, CHUM announced that the A-Channel stations would be relaunched as part of the Citytv television system. The changes took effect August 2, on July 12,2006, it was announced that CTVglobemedia would acquire CHUM Limited and its assets, including the Citytv system. As a result of merger, CKAL added CHMI-TV to its master control duties. On June 12, Rogers Media announced that it would acquire the five Citytv stations from CTVglobemedia, as a result, effective August 29, the station took over master control duties for sister Citytv station CKVU-TV in Vancouver. The Rogers transaction was approved by the CRTC on September 28 and was officially completed October 31. m, on January 19,2010, Citytv laid off many additional news personalites as part of restructuring operations. This resulted in Your City, The City Show and Citytvs national and international newscast, since then, the only remaining local program produced by CKAL is the morning show, Breakfast Television. On August 31,2011, when Canadian television stations in CRTC-designated mandatory markets transitioned from analogue to digital broadcasts, through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display CKAL-TVs virtual channel as 5.1. On August 13,2011, the Lethbridge retransmitter started broadcasting CKAL-DT on channel 46, official website Canadian Communications Foundation - CKAL-TV History Query the RECs Canadian station database for CKAL-TV Query TV Fools coverage map for CKAL
30.
Devonian Gardens (Calgary)
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Devonian Gardens is a large indoor park and botanical garden located in the downtown core of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. In 2012 a major renovation was completed. Located on the Stephen Avenue pedestrian mall between 2 Street SW and 3 Street SW, the park is enclosed with glass. It is maintained by The City of Calgary Parks, the gardens include a living wall, koi ponds, fountains, a childrens play area, and over 550 trees, as well as meeting/function space for special events. A full service restaurant is also planned, opened in 1977, Devonian Gardens was designed by J. H. Cook Architects and Engineers and donated to the City of Calgary by the Devonian Group of Charitable Foundations and Calford Properties. The construction cost was 9 million dollars, a major redevelopment of The Core Shopping Centre beneath the park began in 2008, requiring the gardens to close for renovations for 4 years. The changes include a wider, taller circulation space in the mall below and installation of a 3-block long, the gardens reopened on June 27,2012 and features additional seating for the CORE food court, a playground and space for corporate events. In 2016 it had to be closed again to repair persistent leaks, list of attractions and landmarks in Calgary Calgary Herald. Civic Art Collection > Devonian Gardens
31.
Dome Tower, Calgary
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Dome Tower is part of a high-rise skyscraper complex in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It is located at 333 7th Avenue SW, between the C-Train LRT route and historic Stephen Avenue in downtown Calgary. The base of the structure, shared with its twin, the Home Oil Tower, consists of TD Square part of The Core Shopping Centre, the tower has a height of 141 m and holds 35 floors. Designed by CPV Group Architects and Engineers Ltd in late modernist style, the building is managed by 20 Vic Management. List of tallest buildings in Calgary
32.
Eighth Avenue Place
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Eighth Avenue Place is a twin office tower built on the former site of Calgarys historic Penny Lane Mall build by Mateusz Ryzner. The project initially kept the Penny Lane name, however it has since been renamed, the complex contains a 41 storey west tower, a 51 storey east tower, and a three storey high indoor urban park. Demolition of the old mall was completed in September 2007, excavation of the parkade below the building commenced in December 2007 and construction of the 49 story east tower, and the parkade begun in Summer 2008. Eighth Avenue Place East was completed in 2011 and is currently the third tallest building in Calgary, Eighth Avenue Place West was completed in 2014. The structures, designed by Gibbs Gage Architects, have a Rocky Mountain theme, the rest of the building adopts a dark gray layered appearance representing the shifting tectonic plates that built the mountains. The complex connects to the Plus 15 skywalk system, and contains an underground parkade with 1141 parking stalls. Before construction, concerns had been raised over the destruction of the 94-year-old Penny Lane Mall, pre-Certified LEED Platinum List of tallest buildings in Calgary Eighth Avenue Place Eighth Avenue Place at EllisDon. com
33.
Elveden Centre
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Elveden Centre is a three-tower office building located at 717 7th Avenue South West in Calgary, Alberta. Designed by Alberta architectural firm Rule Wynn and Rule and built in three phases between 1959 and 1964, it is one of Calgarys best examples of International-style architecture. These buildings included the Barron Building, Petro Chemical Building, Triad Oil Building, Britannia Building, Petro-Fina Building, Elveden was commissioned by British Pacific Building, a company owned by the Guinness family. The family at that time had interests in the Calgary companies Duke Drilling Investment Company, albertan architectural firm Rule Wynn and Rule was hired for the project. Construction, done by the Commonwealth Construction Company, began in 1959, steel was provided by the Dominion Bridge Company. In order for the project to commence, the City of Calgary had to amend a restriction that limited buildings to twelve stories, the first and central tower, Elveden House, was built between 1959 and 1960. It is named after the Guinnesss estate in Suffolk, which itself is named after half of Benjamin Guinnesss peer, Viscount Elveden. The second tower, Iveagh House, on the east side, was built between 1960 and 1962 and is named after the half of Benjamin Guinnesss peer, the Earl of Iveagh. The third tower, Guinness House, on the west side, was built between 1962 and 1964 and is named after the Guinness family, the complex has 447,814 ft ² of office space, with 172,081 ft ² in the main tower. In 2005, the Calgary Heritage Authority added Elveden House to its list as a Category A site
34.
Fairmont Palliser Hotel
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The Fairmont Palliser, formerly known as the Palliser Hotel, is a hotel of the Canada-based Fairmont Hotels and Resorts chain. The historic hotel is located in downtown Calgary, Alberta at 133 9th Avenue Southwest adjacent to the Calgary Tower and Palliser Square and it is the citys oldest and most luxurious hotel and celebrated its centennial on June 1,2014. When the Canadian Pacific Railway pushed west in 1883, Calgary was essentially a police post. With an influx of tourists, mainly en route to Canadian Pacifics Banff Springs hotel, groundbreaking for the building was on May 12,1911, on property owned by the Canadian Pacific Railway. It was built by P. Lyall and Sons Construction Company with materials such as stone, steel, reinforced concrete, the hotel opened on June 1,1914. The hotel was named after Captain John Palliser, who was an explorer in the region during the 1850s, architect Lawrence Gotch of E. and W. S. Maxwell of Montreal designed the Edwardian building with a characteristic Chicago school look. The building was eight stories high, with three stories added in 1929, making it Calgarys highest building until 1958. It has been renovated and expanded a number of times throughout its history, further enhancements and renovations in recent years included an update to Fairmont Gold and many guest rooms. The Palliser, and the Hotel Macdonald in Edmonton, received the first two liquor licenses from the Alberta Liquor Control Board when Alberta abolished Prohibition in 1924, canadas grand railway hotels Media related to Fairmont Palliser Hotel at Wikimedia Commons Official Website of the Fairmont Palliser Hotel
35.
Glenbow Museum
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The Glenbow Museum is an art and history museum in the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It was established by philanthropist Eric Lafferty Harvie, glenbow’s vision is for more people to experience art and culture more often. In February 2014, Glenbow announced its new direction – to provide visitors with a new kind of art museum experience, Glenbow also tells the story of Southern Alberta and the West to thousands of visitors to our city each year through permanent exhibitions on the third floor. The Glenbow-Alberta Institute was formed in 1966, when Eric Harvie donated his vast historical collection to the people of Alberta and it was initially funded by $5 million each from Harvie and the Alberta government. In 2007, a permanent exhibit entitled Mavericks opened on the third floor, as of 2013, the president and CEO is Donna Livingstone, formerly Vice President of Programs and Exhibitions and a member of the Board of Directors. Former presidents and CEOs include Mike Robinson and Jeff Spalding, works from other parts of the world provide a broader national and international frame of reference. Items in the reveal how people made a living, worshiped, and were governed, what they did to relax, how they dressed and ate. The cultural history also includes important holdings of Alberta pottery, Western Canadian folk studies, northern explorations, numismatics, pressed glass. Also well represented are Japanese arms and armour, and Canadian medals, orders, the Glenbows extensive mineralogy collection includes minerals and precious and semi-precious stones from around the world, particularly Western Canada. The exhibit includes minerals that glow in the dark, a display of gold, a piece of the Earths oldest rock. The Glenbow archives are one of Canadas largest non-governmental repositories and a research centre for historians, writers, students, genealogists. The archives range from the 1870s to the 1990s, documenting the social, political and economic history of Western Canada, particularly Calgary and southern Alberta. Areas of specialty include First Nations, Métis genealogy, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, ranching and agriculture, the industry, politics, labour, women. The Glenbow site Online exhibit on Niitoy-yiss of the Nitsitapii people, based on Glenbow collection, in French and English Glenbow Library and Archives search menu
36.
Home Oil Tower, Calgary
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Home Oil Tower is part of a high-rise skyscraper complex in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It is located at 3248 Avenue SW, on historic Stephen Avenue in downtown Calgary, the base of the structure, shared with its twin, the Dome Tower, consists of TD Square part of The Core Shopping Centre and the Devonian Gardens urban park. The tower has a height of 137.1 m and holds 34 floors, designed by CPV Group Architects and Engineers Ltd in late modernist style, it was built by PCL Construction and was completed in 1977. The building is managed by 20 Vic Management, canadian Natural Resources Limited List of tallest buildings in Calgary
37.
Jamieson Place (Calgary)
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Jamieson Place is a skyscraper in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It was named in honour of Alice Jamieson, the first female to be appointed to any judiciary in the British Empire, the complex includes an underground 5 level,240,000 sq ft parkade with 500 stalls and a 3-story high indoor winter garden. It is connected to the east and north by a Plus 15 skywalk, the office space covers 920,000 sq ft. The roof of the 38 floors tower rise to a height of 170 m, the spires are lit during the night. The building is owned by British Columbia Investment Management Corporation and managed by Bentall LP, list of tallest buildings in Calgary Jamieson Place
38.
Nexen Building, Calgary
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The Nexen Building is a high rise office building in downtown Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It is a 37-storey skyscraper, with a height of 152 m, the commissioner and main tenant of the building is the Chinese-owned energy company Nexen. It was designed by CPV Group Architects and Engineers Ltd and built by CANA Construction Company Limited, the late modernist building was completed in 1982. The Nexen Building employs a composite steel frame floor system. List of tallest buildings in Calgary
39.
Scotia Centre (Calgary)
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Scotia Centre is an office tower and three level retail mall in downtown Calgary, Alberta. Located at 700 2nd Street SW, it stands at 155 metres or 41 storeys tall and was built in international style and it was completed in 1976 at a cost of $30 million. It was the tallest building in Calgary at the time of its completion, the podium roof currently houses an outdoor patio area with full restaurant and bar. Scotiabank remains one of the towers key tenants, list of tallest buildings in Calgary Emporis
40.
Suncor Energy Centre
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At 215 m, the west tower is the 13th tallest building in Canada and the fourth tallest skyscraper outside of Toronto, having been surpassed on July 8,2010 by the neighbouring Bow. The office towers encompass 1,702,000 square feet of office space with the complex also containing 243,000 square feet of retail. A glass-enclosed walkway provides shelter, and easy access to the surrounding buildings, the building was often called Red Square in its early years, a derisive reference to its primary occupant Petro-Canada, which was a Crown Corporation at the time. Petro-Canada has since been privatized and in 2009 was acquired by the current namesake. Shortly after completion, two BASE jumpers parachuted successfully off the roof in the early morning of Aug 28,1983. Major tenants of the Suncor Energy Centre include Suncor Energy Inc, precision Drilling Corporation, Taqa North, Crescent Point Energy, Enbridge, Direct Energy, PricewaterhouseCoopers and Weatherford Canada. List of tallest buildings in Calgary Brookfield Properties Building Page for Suncor Energy Centre
41.
Sun Life Plaza (Calgary)
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Sun Life Plaza is a high-rise office complex in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It consists of three skyscrapers, designated as North, West and East Tower, and connected by the lobby at ground level. The towers are 28 stories high, and rise to 114.3 m, Sun Life Plaza - West was the first tower built, and was completed in 1981. Development continued with Sun Life Plaza - North, completed in 1982, current occupants include the North West Redwater Partnership and RBC. List of tallest buildings in Calgary
42.
Hudson's Bay (retailer)
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Hudsons Bay is a chain of 90 department stores that operate exclusively in Canada. It is the brand of the Hudsons Bay Company, North Americas oldest company. It has its headquarters in the Simpson Tower in Toronto, in French, the chain is known as la Baie dHudson, short for Compagnie de la Baie. The chain uses both the English and French versions of the name in parts of the country. The stores are department stores, with a focus on high-end fashion apparel, accessories. Price points at Hudsons Bay are comparable to U. S. retailers Lord & Taylor, Neiman Marcus, the average store size is 135,000 square feet. Flagship downtown stores are located in Canadas largest cities, Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Ottawa, Edmonton and they carry an extensive range and selection of goods than regular Hudsons Bay stores. The largest of the stores is the Toronto store on Queen Street. Toronto has another smaller store along the Mink Mile at Bloor Street East, from 1881 up until 1960, all Hudsons Bay Company stores were located in Western Canada and the Canadian Arctic. In 1960, the HBC acquired Morgans, a Montreal department chain with stores in Ontario and that same year, all the Morgans stores in Ontario were converted to the Hudsons Bay Company brand. Four years later in 1964, its stores outside of Quebec were re-branded as The Bay and its stores in Quebec maintained the Morgans name until 1972, when they were re-branded as La Baie. The Toronto Queen Street flagship store was previously a Simpsons department store, in 1991, Hudsons Bay Company stopped selling fur. In 1997 the company reopened its fur salons, including an assortment of high-end designer furs. Fur salons included many exclusive fur designers, including Louis Féraud, Givenchy, Black Diamond Mink, in Downtown Toronto, the Queen Street store includes the department The Room on the third floor. It is a 21, 500-square-foot curated collection carrying some of the most prestigious, labels include Balmain, Emmanuel Ungaro, Halston, Gianfranco Ferre, Moschino, Armani Collezioni, Akris Punto, Lida Baday, Andrew Gin, Bellville Sassoon, and David Hayes. On July 16,2008, it was announced that Hudsons Bay Company had been purchased by the US firm NRDC Equity Partners, in August 2008, Bonnie Brooks was hired as president and chief executive officer of the Hudsons Bay Company. A significant transformation of the chain has followed, during its initial public offering in October 2012, HBC announced that it would be re-branding The Bays stores under the name Hudsons Bay, marking the chains first major re-branding since 1964. The new brand, designed by the New York City-based advertising agency Lipman, was introduced in March 2013
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The Bow (skyscraper)
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The Bow is a 158, 000-square-metre office building for the headquarters of Encana Corporation and Cenovus Energy, in downtown Calgary, Alberta. The 236 metre building is currently the second tallest office tower in Calgary, since construction of Brookfield Place, the Bow is also considered the start of redevelopment in Calgarys Downtown East Village. It was completed in 2012 and was ranked among the top 10 architectural projects of that year according to Azure Magazine, Encana Corporation, North Americas second largest natural gas producer, announced plans for the high-rise in 2006. Early designs suggested that the project would consist of a complex of towers over two blocks, the tallest of these towers could be 60 stories tall, which would make it taller than the current tallest tower in Western Canada, the Suncor Energy Centre. Conflicting reports suggested that it would be one single tower around 70 stories tall and possibly over convert 1000 ft, making it the tallest building in Canada. Other sources suggested a two tower complex spanning the entire surface of two blocks, with a tower of 40 to 50 stories connected at sixth stories level over 6th Avenue. Official statements declared that the tower will be 58 stories, or 247 metres tall, the management company in charge of the project was Texas-based Matthews Southwest, with architectural services furnished by UK-based Foster + Partners & Zeidler Partnership Architects of Calgary. The project filed for development permit application is called The Bow, for its crescent shape, on October 12,2006, Foster + Partners revealed the first designs for the new tower. Plans called for the project to two separate companies both equally occupying the space. Encana Natural Gas with over 3,000 Calgary-based employees and Cenovus Energys more than 3,600 Calgary based staff, both companies were located at multiple sites throughout the downtown core. With an estimated 158, 000-square-metre total office space, the complex was expected to be the citys largest, construction started in June 2007 and the building opened in June 2013 with a final cost of $1.4 billion. The tower was lowered down to 236 m due to shadowing concerns and is the 149th tallest building in the world, in late June 2007, the company announced that the Portrait Gallery of Canada would not be moving from Ottawa into the Bow. Groundbreaking took place on June 13,2007, with work starting on both sides of 6th Avenue South between Centre Street and 1st Street East. Sixth Avenue was excavated, after closure of the block and the six level underground parkade was constructed on a two block area, on north and south side of 6th Avenue. A neighbouring historic building - The York Hotel, built 1929-1930 in the Edwardian Commercial Architectural style was demolished to make room for the new building, because of the historical significance of the York Hotel it was important to save as much as reasonable to incorporate into the new structure. Between 70 and 80 percent of the bricks were saved and used to two of the hotel’s exterior walls. The remainder of the building was demolished ahead of schedule by Calgary based demolition, some 14,000 cubic metres of concrete filled the 3, 000-square-metre foundation. Erection of the above ground steel superstructure began in October 2008 with the installation of the first of two Favelle Favco heavy lift tower cranes, construction was briefly halted in December 2008 due to a $400 million shortage of financing needed to finish the job
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Western Canadian Place
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Western Canadian Place is an office tower complex in Calgary, Alberta. It consists of two buildings, the taller North Tower and the shorter South Tower and it was designed by the architectural firm, Cohos Evamy in late modernist style. The office complex was purchased in 2004 for $230,675,000 by bcIMC and is run for them by GWL Realty Advisors and it is the headquarters of Husky Energy and Apache Corp. s Canadian subsidiary, Apache Canada. The north tower is located at 707 8th Avenue SW, it stands at 164 m or 40 storeys, the south tower is shorter, standing only 30 storeys for a height of 128 meters. The ensemble was completed in 1983, list of tallest buildings in Calgary
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Edmonton Pedway
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The Edmonton Pedway system is a network connecting office buildings, shopping centres, and parkades in downtown Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It consists of approximately 13 kilometres of year-round climate-controlled underground tunnels, the main network connects more than 40 buildings and parkades, and three of the five Edmonton Light Rail Transit stations in the downtown area. The Pedway system is integrated with public transit via climate controlled access to LRT stations, linked to Churchill station, Canada Place Shaw Conference Centre Citadel Theatre Stanley A. Map of Downtown Edmonton including Pedway System links
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Underground City, Montreal
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Moreover, the first iteration of the Underground City was developed out of the open pit at the southern entrance to the Mount Royal Tunnel, where Place Ville Marie and Central Station stand today. Though most of the tunnels pass underground, many of the key passageways and principal access points are located at ground level. In this regard, the Underground City is more of a city than a truly subterranean city. The network is useful during Montreals long winters, during which time well over half a million citizens are estimated to use it every day. The network is largely controlled and well-lit, and is arranged in a u-shape with two principal north–south axes connected by an east–west axis. Combined, there are 32 kilometres worth of tunnels over twelve square kilometres of the most densely populated part of Montreal. In 2004, the network of the underground city was re-branded and given the name RÉSO. The O at the end of the word is the logo of the Montreal Metro, schematic maps bearing the RÉSO logo are found throughout the network. The underground city is promoted as an important tourist attraction by most Montreal travel guidebooks, for most Montrealers, however, it tends to be considered more as a large mall complex linking Metro stations — they may not even know they are in it. Many Canadian cities have some kind of tunnel or skywalk system downtown to help avoid the weather. Most parts of the Montreal underground city are open while the Metro is in operation, maps of the underground city and the Metro can be obtained free of charge from all Metro stations, and the network of buildings is indicated on most maps of the downtown core. The RÉSO is possibly the most famous among other cities in the world. Nearly 500,000 people use it per day and it is also the largest underground complex in the world. It stretches for 32 kilometers and covers 4 million square meters, the vision for the underground city was originally that of urbanist Vincent Ponte, for whom a commemorative plaque was unveiled in November 2006 at Place Ville-Marie. A tunnel linked it to Central Station and the Queen Elizabeth Hotel, square-Victoria-OACI station connected to the Tour de la Bourse, Montreals stock exchange building. McGill station was linked with The Bay, Eatons, Centre Eaton. Between 1984 and 1989, the city grew from 12 km of passages to almost 22 km. Mega-projects added to the size throughout the 1990s, including Le 1000 De La Gauchetière, Le 1250 René-Lévesque, although these buildings have only a secondary commercial sector, they use their connection to the underground city as a selling point for their office space
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PATH (Toronto)
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PATH is a network of underground pedestrian tunnels, elevated walkways, and at-grade walkways connecting the office towers of Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is more than 30-kilometre long, according to Guinness World Records, PATH is the largest underground shopping complex in the world with 371,600 square metres of retail space. The PATH networks northerly point is the Toronto Coach Terminal at Dundas Street and Bay Street and its main axes of walkways generally parallel Yonge Street and Bay Street. It was the first underground pathway in Toronto, and is often credited as a historic precursor to the current PATH network. Another original underground linkage, built in 1927 to connect Union Station, the network of underground walkways expanded under city planner Matthew Lawson in the 1960s. Torontos downtown sidewalks were overcrowded, and new towers were removing the much-needed small businesses from the streets. Lawson thus convinced several important developers to construct underground malls, pledging that they would eventually be linked, the city originally helped fund the construction, but with the election of a reform city council this ended. This also converted low-valued basements into some of the most valuable retail space in the country, the first expansion of the network occurred in the 1970s with the construction and underground connection of the Richmond-Adelaide office tower and the Sheraton Centre hotel complex. In 1987, City Council adopted a unified wayfinding system throughout the network, a colour-coded system with directional cues was deployed in the early 1990s. Within the various buildings, pedestrians can find a PATH system map, the signage can be hard to find inside some of the various connected buildings. Building owners concerned about losing customers to neighbouring buildings insisted that the signs not dominate their buildings, the city relented and the result is the current system. Many complain that the system is hard to navigate, PATH provides an important contribution to the economic viability of the citys downtown core. Its underground location provides pedestrians with a haven from the winter cold and snow. In 2011, the City of Toronto released an expansion plan for the PATH. As part of the plan there will be 45 new entry points. Toronto planners have begun work to guide future PATH development and ensure PATH link construction is included in basement levels of key new buildings, more than 50 buildings or office towers are connected through the PATH system. It comprises twenty parking garages, five stations, two major department stores, two major shopping centres, six major hotels, and a railway terminal. Underground city Official website Official PATH map Online Directory of the PATH
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