1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Guster
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Guster is an American alternative rock band from Boston, Massachusetts. Founding members Adam Gardner, Ryan Miller, and Brian Rosenworcel began practice sessions while attending Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, while attending Tufts, the band lived at 139 College Avenue in Somerville, Massachusetts. The band enjoyed success on the charts with Keep It Together, its fourth album. Gusters tours were originally local, but began to spread as the band gained popularity, in 1999, Guster gave its first performance in Canada, followed by a 2004 tour in Britain that had four shows in London and one in Manchester. Guster maintains a liberal taping policy and has a very dedicated, despite this policy, the band has released several live shows via iTunes. The band members met during freshman orientation at Tufts University in 1991, a year later, after writing a few songs in their dorm rooms, the band named itself Gus and booked its first gig. The band recorded its first album independently in 1994, titled Parachute and this album established the band as a favorite of the same 1990s scene that became popular through bands such as the Dave Matthews Band, The Disco Biscuits, moe. The band was still in college when it recorded the album, shortly after the release of Parachute, another artist calling himself Gus signed a deal with a major record company, forcing the band to rename itself Guster. In 1996, the band recorded their second album, Goldfly. In 1998 the band signed with Sire Records and re-released Goldfly, a year later, the band released the album Lost and Gone Forever, produced by Steve Lillywhite. With the backing of a label, the band appeared on shows such as the Late Show with David Letterman. The band released its album, Keep It Together, in 2003, with the first single. Following the release of Keep it Together, multi-instrumentalist Joe Pisapia, a live album/DVD, Guster on Ice, compiled from two shows in Portland, Maine, in December 2003, was released in 2004. Guster released its fifth studio album, Ganging Up on the Sun. The single Manifest Destiny / Sorority Tears was released in November 2005 on the Internet, on September 27,2006, Guster won Album of the Year at the Boston Music Awards. Alongside Ganging Up on the Sun, the released a documentary comedy series called Joes Place on its Web site. The band also participated in the Barenaked Ladies Ships and Dip cruise, in 2009, Guster took part in a similar event with musician John Mayer called Mayercraft Carrier 2 aboard the Carnival Splendor. Guster released their studio album Easy Wonderful on October 5,2010
3.
Maybe This Christmas Too?
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Maybe This Christmas Too. is a holiday compilation album released in October 2003 through Nettwerk Records featuring contemporary musicians performing both classic and original Christmas songs. The compilation served as a sequel to Maybe This Christmas and preceded Maybe This Christmas Tree, a portion of the proceeds from the album went to Toys for Tots, a charity supported by the United States Marine Corps. Critical reception of the compilation, which failed to chart in any nation, was mixed, Maybe This Christmas Too. is a sequel to the 2002 compilation album Maybe This Christmas, which reached a peak position of number thirty-eight on Billboards Top Holiday Albums chart. Maybe This Christmas Tree, released in 2004, was the installment of the series. A portion of the proceeds from the sales of the three went to Toys for Tots, a charity supported by the United States Marine Corps. Features fourteen tracks recorded by artists, most of whom were associated with the Nettwerk record label during its release. Ten of the tracks were recorded specifically for this compilation album, darin Harmon served as the albums executive producer and Ianthe Zevos served as the project manager. Mastering of the compilation was donated by Louie Teran, the album opens with Rufus Wainwrights Spotlight on Christmas, an acoustic-based, original track recorded exclusively for this set. The Winter Song was written, arranged, and produced by members of Eisley, O Holy Night, based on a poem by Placide Cappeau, was composed by Adolphe Adam and translated by John Sullivan Dwight. The song is performed by Avril Lavigne and Chantal Kreviazuk, Silent Night, performed by Lisa Hannigan, was originally recorded by Damien Rice for his 2002 studio album O. The song is less than two minutes in length and features original lyrics, the band Rilo Kiley contributed Xmas Cake, a song originally written by group members Jenny Lewis and Blake Sennett. The track was produced and mixed by Mike Mogis and features jazzy guitar chords, ¿Dónde Está Santa Claus. is performed by the band Guster and was produced, recorded, and mixed by Peter Katis. The track contains castanets, bouncing rhythm, and silky backing vocals, rudy, a song about Rudolf the red-nosed wino, was originally written by Danny Dolinger, the version appearing on the compilation album was arranged and performed by The Be Good Tanyas. Instrumentation included, guitar, mandolin, organ, piano, percussion, Christmas Song was written by Dave Matthews and performed by the Dave Matthews Band. The organ-tinged, gospel rendition of Go Tell It on the Mountain, originally written by John Wesley Work, Jr. with traditional music, was arranged, the acoustic studio version that appeared on Maybe This Christmas Too. Differed from the version as well as a third version appearing on the bands 2004 studio album Barenaked for the Holidays. Martina Sorbara performs a vampish, bluesy rendition of Edward Pola, the track was produced and recorded by David Matheson. Donna & Blitzen was written and performed by Badly Drawn Boy, irving Berlins White Christmas is performed by The Flaming Lips
4.
CD single
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This article is about the 12cm single. Not to be confused with 8cm single, the standard in the Red Book for the term CD single. A CD single is a single in the form of a standard size compact disc. It is not to be confused with the Mini CD single, the format was introduced in the mid-1980s but did not gain its place in the market until the early 1990s. With the rise in digital downloads in the early 2010s, sales of CD singles have decreased, commercially released CD singles can vary in length from two songs up to six songs like an EP. Some contain multiple mixes of one or more songs, in the tradition of 12 vinyl singles, depending on the nation, there may be limits on the number of songs and total length for sales to count in singles charts. Containing four tracks, it had a limited print run. CD singles were first made eligible for the UK Singles Chart in 1987, the Mini CD single format was originally created for use for singles in the late 1980s, but met with limited success, particularly in the US. The smaller CDs were more successful in Japan and have become more common in Europe. By 1989, the CD3 was in decline in the US and it was common in the 1990s for US record companies to release both a two-track CD and a multi-track maxi CD. In the UK, record companies would also release two CDs but, usually, these consisted of three tracks or more each. Pressure from record labels made singles charts in some countries become song charts, allowing album cuts to chart based only on airplay, without a single ever being released. At the end of the 1990s, the CD was the single format in the UK, but in the US. In Australia, the Herald Sun reported the CD single is set to become extinct, while CD singles no longer maintain their own section of the store, copies are still distributed but placed with the artists albums. That is predominantly the case for popular Australian artists such as Jessica Mauboy, Kylie Minogue and, most recently, Delta Goodrem, the ARIA Singles Chart are now predominantly compiled from legal downloads, and ARIA also stopped compiling their physical singles sales chart. On a Mission by Gabriella Cilmi was the last CD single to be stocked in Kmart, Target and Big W, sanity Entertainment, having resisted the decline for longer than the other major outlets, has also ceased selling CD singles. In Greece and Cyprus, the term CD single is used to describe a play in which there may be anywhere from three to six different tracks. These releases charted on the Greek Singles Chart with songs released as singles, in September 2003, there was talk of ringtones for mobile phones outstripping CD singles sales for the year 2004
5.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
6.
Christmas music
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Christmas music comprises a variety of genres of music normally performed or heard around the Christmas season. Music was a feature of the Christmas season and its celebrations. The earliest examples are hymnographic works intended for use in observance of both the Feast of the Nativity and Theophany, many of which are still in use by the Eastern Orthodox Church. The 13th century saw the rise of the written in the vernacular. In the Middle Ages, the English combined circle dances with singing, later, the word carol came to mean a song in which a religious topic is treated in a style that is familiar or festive. From Italy, it passed to France and Germany, and later to England, Music in itself soon became one of the greatest tributes to Christmas, and Christmas music includes some of the noblest compositions of the great musicians. During the Commonwealth of England government under Cromwell, the Rump Parliament prohibited the practice of singing Christmas carols as Pagan, like other customs associated with popular Catholic Christianity, it earned the disapproval of Protestant Puritans. Famously, Cromwells interregnum prohibited all celebrations of the Christmas holiday and this attempt to ban the public celebration of Christmas can also be seen in the early history of Father Christmas. The Westminster Assembly of Divines established Sunday as the holy day in the calendar in 1644. The new liturgy produced for the English church recognised this in 1645 and its celebration was declared an offence by Parliament in 1647. There is some debate as to the effectiveness of this ban, Puritans generally disapproved of the celebration of Christmas—a trend which continually resurfaced in Europe and the USA through the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. William Sandyss Christmas Carols Ancient and Modern, contained the first appearance in print of many now-classic English carols, singing carols in church was instituted on Christmas Eve 1880 in Truro Cathedral, Cornwall, England, which is now seen in churches all over the world. Christmas festivities, including music, are celebrated in a more secular fashion by such institutions as the Santa Claus Village, in Rovaniemi. The tradition of singing Christmas carols in return for alms or charity began in England in the century after the Restoration. Also from the century, there was the English custom, predominantly involving women, of taking a wassail bowl to their neighbours to solicit gifts. The status of Christmas as an important feast within the year also means there is a long tradition of music specially composed for celebrating the season. S. This is in due to the efforts of amateur choral societies during the nineteenth century. When it was composed, it was performed during Passiontide, jakub Jan Ryba, Czech Christmas Mass Hey, Master
7.
Nettwerk Records
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Nettwerk Music Group is the umbrella company for Nettwerk Records, Nettwerk Management, and Nettwerk One Publishing. Today, Nettwerk continues to achieve critical and commercial success with label, management and publishing rosters, including Andy Kong, passenger, Christina Perri, Guster, Family of the Year, Ólafur Arnalds, and Perfume Genius. Once out of college, McBride managed a band called Moev. McBride had previously started a label, Noetix, and though it never quite got off the ground, he, the company officially opened its doors in 1985. Their first release was The Grapes of Wraths self-titled EP followed by their full-length and it piqued the attention of Capitol Records, and not only paved the way for a distribution deal for the band but for Nettwerk as a label. Fueled by this and Skinny Puppys success, Nettwerk began to grow, at a show in Halifax, McBride ran into a nineteen-year-old singer-songwriter named Sarah McLachlan – hed been introduced to her music through Jowett, and even tried to recruit her to front Moev. Her parents initially rejected the idea, saying she was too young, McBride offered McLachlan a five record deal on the spot, and she agreed, saying “Ok. At this point, McBride and Jowett had moved Nettwerk into a new office, the first single, Vox, was a sudden hit, and led to her signing a worldwide deal with Arista Records. She followed up with Solace in 1991 and Fumbling Towards Ecstasy in 1993 and it was with 1997’s Surfacing that McLachlan really catapulted, with the two hit singles Building a Mystery and I Will Remember You, and winning two Grammy Awards. Lilith Fair was initially McLachlan’s idea, she was tired of the standard touring, and wanted to do something different, something inventive. Though McBride was resistant at first, he pushed forward, and they assembled a lineup that they then were told was suicidal, Paula Cole, Aimee Mann, Patti Smith, Lisa Loeb and McLachlan to close. It was a success, and the summer they launched a touring version – it grossed $16 million. Founded by McLachlan, McBride, Nettwerk co-owner Dan Fraser and New York talent agent Marty Diamond, Lilith Fair would become one of the most powerful, the Lilith Fair momentum was a huge boost to Nettwerk, yet they still kept taking risks. They signed Barenaked Ladies, at the time viewed as a novelty act, after steady radio promotion, McBride booked the band for a show at City Hall Plaza in Boston to launch their album Stunt. The concert drew 80,000 fans, and the first single, One Week, skyrocketed to number one on the charts, also earning the band a Grammy nomination and they have since gone on to sell over 10 million albums. Nettwerk continued to branch out with new artists on both the side and management division, they brought on Dido in 1999, as well as Sum 41. Avril Lavigne was sixteen when she walked into the Nettwerk offices, Arista had sent her to McBride, hoping to figure out what to make of her extreme talent, though Lavigne would release her records through Arista, she continued with Nettwerk for her management. Nettwerk recognized the resonance in the immediately, and released the album in North America in 2000
8.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
9.
Keep It Together (album)
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Keep It Together is an album by the band Guster, released in June 2003. The album was recorded from 2001 to 2003 in Bearsville, New York, New York City, Burbank, California and this is the first album by Guster with Brian Rosenworcel on kit drums instead of hand percussion. Keep It Together went through several working titles, including Bitch Magic, Olympia Dukakis, according to the albums liner notes, Joe Pisapia contributed guest vocals on Jesus on the Radio and Ben Kweller did the same on I Hope Tomorrow Is Like Today. Pisapia officially joined the band in 2003, the track Red Oyster Cult refers to the name of the American rock band Blue Öyster Cult. A UK re-release included two tracks, Say That To My Face and Starless Heaven. The record sold 267,000 copies by late 2005, according to Nielsen Soundscan, all music composed by Guster, except where noted. When the band plays Jesus on the Radio live, they play it unplugged. Keep It Together can be heard at the end of the season 1 The O. C. episode The Rescue, I Hope Tomorrow Is Like Today can be heard in the film Wedding Crashers, and Malcolm in the Middle episode Lois Sister. The rule was they could only one take, and they must have no knowledge of the song before they began recording
10.
Carol of the Bells
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Carol of the Bells is a popular Christmas carol composed by Ukrainian composer Mykola Leontovych in 1914 with lyrics by Peter J. Wilhousky. The song is based on a Ukrainian folk chant called Shchedryk, Wilhouskys lyrics are copyrighted, although the original musical composition is not. The song is recognized by an ostinato motif. It has been arranged many times for different genres, styles of singing and settings and has covered by artists and groups of many genres, classical, metal, jazz, country music, rock. The piece has also featured in films, television shows. The original folk story related in the song was associated with the coming New Year, the songs sung for this celebration are known as Shchedrivky. The song was first performed by students at Kiev University in December 1916, the original work was intended to be sung a cappella by mixed four-voice choir. Two other settings of the composition were also created by Leontovych, one for womens choir and these are rarely performed or recorded. Its initial popularity stemmed largely from Wilhouskys ability to reach an audience as his role as arranger for the NBC Symphony Orchestra. It is now associated with Christmas because of its new lyrics, which reference bells, caroling. An alternate English version, Ring, Christmas Bells, featuring Nativity-based lyrics was written by Minna Louise Hohman in 1947, two other versions exist by anonymous writers, one from 1957 titled Come Dance and Sing and one from 1972 that begins Hark to the bells. American recordings by various artists began to surface on the radio in the 1940s, the song gained further popularity when it was featured in television advertisements for champagne in the 1970s by French a cappella group the Swingle Singers. Carol of the Bells has been recorded into over 150 versions,1946, The Robert Shaw Chorale recorded it that year, and later re-recorded it in stereo. Both the Chorale and the Atlanta Symphony Chorus, which Robert Shaw conducted from 1967 until 1988,1978, Richard Carpenter played piano in an orchestral version arranged by Peter Knight on The Carpenters Christmas Portrait album released in October. 1990, Wynton Marsalis recorded a syncopated, minor-key version on the album Crescent City Christmas Card with the role of the bells carried by brass. 1995, Savatage recorded Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24, an instrumental, heavy-metal medley of God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen,1999, Al Di Meola recorded a Spanish guitar version on his album Winter Nights. 2005, Nox Arcana performed this song on their album Winters Knight that reached No.8 on the Billboard Charts the following year. 2012, Metal band August Burns Reds breakdown-infused version of the song was used in a Christmas-themed promotional ad for Frank Millers film The Spirit,2012, Pentatonix covered the song their album PTXmas, one of the highest selling Christmas albums of 2013
11.
Spanish language
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Spanish —also called Castilian —is a Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain, with hundreds of millions of native speakers around the world. It is usually considered the worlds second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese and it is one of the few languages to use inverted question and exclamation marks. Spanish is a part of the Ibero-Romance group of languages, which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. Beginning in the early 16th century, Spanish was taken to the colonies of the Spanish Empire, most notably to the Americas, as well as territories in Africa, Oceania, around 75% of modern Spanish is derived from Latin. Greek has also contributed substantially to Spanish vocabulary, especially through Latin, Spanish vocabulary has been in contact from an early date with Arabic, having developed during the Al-Andalus era in the Iberian Peninsula. With around 8% of its vocabulary being Arabic in origin, this language is the second most important influence after Latin and it has also been influenced by Basque as well as by neighboring Ibero-Romance languages. It also adopted words from languages such as Gothic language from the Visigoths in which many Spanish names and surnames have a Visigothic origin. Spanish is one of the six languages of the United Nations. It is the language in the world by the number of people who speak it as a mother tongue, after Mandarin Chinese. It is estimated more than 437 million people speak Spanish as a native language. Spanish is the official or national language in Spain, Equatorial Guinea, speakers in the Americas total some 418 million. In the European Union, Spanish is the tongue of 8% of the population. Spanish is the most popular second language learned in the United States, in 2011 it was estimated by the American Community Survey that of the 55 million Hispanic United States residents who are five years of age and over,38 million speak Spanish at home. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 uses the term castellano to define the language of the whole Spanish State in contrast to las demás lenguas españolas. Article III reads as follows, El castellano es la lengua española oficial del Estado, las demás lenguas españolas serán también oficiales en las respectivas Comunidades Autónomas. Castilian is the official Spanish language of the State, the other Spanish languages as well shall be official in their respective Autonomous Communities. The Spanish Royal Academy, on the hand, currently uses the term español in its publications. Two etymologies for español have been suggested, the Spanish Royal Academy Dictionary derives the term from the Provençal word espaignol, and that in turn from the Medieval Latin word Hispaniolus, from—or pertaining to—Hispania
12.
MGM Records
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MGM Records was a record label started by the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio in 1946 for the purpose of releasing soundtrack albums of their musical films. It soon transitioned to a pop music label which continued into the 1970s, in one instance, it even released the highly successful soundtrack album of a film made by a rival studio, Columbia Picturess Born Free. Their first soundtrack was of Till the Clouds Roll By, a 1946 film based on the life of composer Jerome Kern and it was the first soundtrack album of a live-action film. The album was issued as a set of four 10-inch 78-rpm records. As in many early MGM soundtrack albums, only eight selections from the film were included on the version of the album. In order to fit the songs onto the sides the musical material needed editing. Needless to say, it was several generations removed from the original, also, the playback recordings were purposely recorded very dry otherwise it would come across as too hollow sounding in large movie theatres. This made these albums sound flat and boxy, MGM Records called these original cast albums in the style of Deccas Broadway show cast albums. They also coined the phrase recorded directly from the soundtrack, over the years the term soundtrack began to be commonly applied to any recording from a film, whether taken from the actual film soundtrack or re-recorded in studio. The phrase is sometimes incorrectly used for Broadway cast recordings. While it is correct to call a soundtrack a cast recording it is never correct to call a cast recording a soundtrack, by 1950, magnetic tape had been perfected for recording use, and this markedly improved the sound quality on the albums, beginning about 1951. MGM Records also released a soundtrack album of Quo Vadis. Beginning in the 1990s, authentic soundtrack albums of the scores to Ben-Hur. The Rhino Records editions of these albums featured literally the entire scores, Rhino also released a full-length two-disc album of the score of Gone With the Wind, recorded from the soundtrack in the original mono. Rhinos license expired at the end of 2011 and the albums Rhino issued are now out of print, Warner Bros. now owns the MGM soundtracks first issued by MGM Records and Warner Bros WaterTower Music unit now has the rights to release the MGM soundtracks. Kildare, Andy Hardy, Maisie, and Crime Does Not Pay, the MGM record pressing plant also manufactured the electrical transcriptions used to distribute the shows to local stations. The record manufacturing division was closed when MGM Records was sold to PolyGram and these Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer records were manufactured under contract with the studio by Columbia Records. In the early 1950s, MGM Records was considered one of the record companies due to owning its own manufacturing facilities
13.
Phonograph record
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The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. The phonograph disc record was the medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century. It had co-existed with the cylinder from the late 1880s. Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as compact cassette were mass-marketed, by the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream in 1991. The phonograph record has made a resurgence in the early 21st century –9.2 million records were sold in the U. S. in 2014. Likewise, in the UK sales have increased five-fold from 2009 to 2014, as of 2017,48 record pressing facilities remain worldwide,18 in the United States and 30 in other countries. The increased popularity of vinyl has led to the investment in new, only two producers of lacquers remains, Apollo Masters in California, USA, and MDC in Japan. Vinyl records may be scratched or warped if stored incorrectly but if they are not exposed to heat or broken. The large cover are valued by collectors and artists for the space given for visual expression, in the 2000s, these tracings were first scanned by audio engineers and digitally converted into audible sound. Phonautograms of singing and speech made by Scott in 1860 were played back as sound for the first time in 2008, along with a tuning fork tone and unintelligible snippets recorded as early as 1857, these are the earliest known recordings of sound. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, unlike the phonautograph, it was capable of both recording and reproducing sound. Despite the similarity of name, there is no evidence that Edisons phonograph was based on Scotts phonautograph. Edison first tried recording sound on a paper tape, with the idea of creating a telephone repeater analogous to the telegraph repeater he had been working on. The tinfoil was wrapped around a metal cylinder and a sound-vibrated stylus indented the tinfoil while the cylinder was rotated. The recording could be played back immediately, Edison also invented variations of the phonograph that used tape and disc formats. A decade later, Edison developed a greatly improved phonograph that used a wax cylinder instead of a foil sheet. This proved to be both a better-sounding and far more useful and durable device, the wax phonograph cylinder created the recorded sound market at the end of the 1880s and dominated it through the early years of the 20th century. Berliners earliest discs, first marketed in 1889, but only in Europe, were 12.5 cm in diameter, both the records and the machine were adequate only for use as a toy or curiosity, due to the limited sound quality
14.
Cheech & Chong
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The duo met in Vancouver, British Columbia in the late 1960s. Chong was a Canadian citizen, and Cheech had moved there from Southern California to avoid the draft at the height of the Vietnam War, the pair performed stand-up shows, released many successful comedy record albums, and starred in a series of low-budget films. Some of their comedy routines and songs include Earache My Eye, Basketball Jones, Santa Claus and His Old Lady. Perhaps their most famous line is Daves not here, from their debut album. Their early success culminated with the release of their first feature-length movie, Up in Smoke, in 1978. It became something of a classic, and was also successful enough at the box office to warrant two sequels, Cheech & Chongs Next Movie in 1980, and Nice Dreams in 1981. These were followed by the less successful Things Are Tough All Over, the pair attempted a departure from their stoner comedy with 1984s Cheech & Chongs The Corsican Brothers. Tommy Chong directed four of their films while co-writing and starring in all seven with Cheech Marin and they also appeared in smaller supporting roles in Graham Chapmans Yellowbeard and Martin Scorseses After Hours. In 1985 the duo released their album Get Out of My Room and this song would later serve as the basis for 1987 film of the same name, in which Cheech Marin played the starring role. Immediately following the release of the album, Cheech Marin separated himself from the pairs drug-inspired act by working on a solo career, after their contentious parting in the 1980s, the duo spent years without working together. In 1992 the two worked together for the first time in years, voicing characters in the animated film FernGully. In 1997, Chong made an appearance on Marins TV series Nash Bridges, in an episode entitled Wild Card, in 2000 both performers voiced characters in the animated television series South Park for the episode Cherokee Hair Tampons, but their voices were recorded separately. Both Marin and Chong indicated in a 2003 episode of Biography that they were willing to reunite and he was released in July 2004. With Chong released, the duo planned to resume production on a reunion film, a variety of titles were rumored, including Grumpy Old Stoners. But they announced in September 2005 that the film had been canceled. Beginning in September 2008, Cheech and Chong reunited for the Light Up America comedy tour which opened in Ottawa, in March 2009, they recorded two shows at the Majestic Theatre in San Antonio for a DVD release of the reunion tour. In August 2012, Cheech & Chong appeared at the 13th annual Gathering of the Juggalos in Cave-in-Rock, in February 2014, Cheech and Chong appeared on an episode of Tom Green Live. In March 2014, they announced they were working on a new movie, with writer/director Jay Chandrasekhar
15.
Santa Claus and His Old Lady
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Santa Claus and His Old Lady is a bit by Cheech and Chong, one of their best-known comedy routines. It was the duos first single, Santa Claus and His Old Lady did not appear on the duos eponymous debut album, although the B-side, Dave, did. It has since received continued airplay on radio stations during the Christmas season, the sketch begins with Cheech at the piano attempting to write a parody of “¿Dónde Está Santa Claus. ”A Christmas song by Augie Rios from 1958, to little success. Chong enters, at which point he reveals that he has never heard of Santa Claus, Cheech then explains the story of Santa Claus, but from an unusual perspective. In contrast to most of their sketches, Cheech and Chong play fictionalized versions of themselves in this bit. The B-side was Dave, one of the duos earliest and most famous sketches, in this sketch, a man named Dave, who is apparently on the run from the police, attempts to enter the locked apartment of his roommate, who will not answer the door. As Dave repeatedly tries to himself, the roommate instead thinks he is asking for Dave
16.
Charo
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María del Rosario Mercedes Pilar Martínez Molina Baeza, professionally known simply by her stage name Charo, is a Spanish-American actress, comedian, and flamenco guitarist. Charo was born María del Rosario Mercedes Pilar Martínez Molina Baeza in Murcia, Region of Murcia and her father was reportedly a lawyer who fled to Casablanca during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, while her homemaker mother stayed behind in Murcia, raising their children. Charo has occasionally claimed that she was enrolled in a convent as a child and remained there until she was 15. In the most colorful version of childhood, Charos grandmother hired a music professor to give her weekly classical guitar lessons. Most sources indicate that she studied classical and flamenco guitar in a school in Madrid founded by Andrés Segovia for underprivileged children, in a 2005 interview, she reminisced, The institution had great young teachers and students. Mr. Segovia, between concerts thats when hed come, and if youd been there a year and you werent good, youd go out, Charo has stated in several interviews that she graduated with honors from the Madrid school at the age of 16 in 1967. Charo was discovered as a performer by famous bandleader Xavier Cugat. When they married, Cugat was 66 and had already been married four times although reports sometimes listed fewer marriages, the couple was the first to have their nuptials in Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. She later claimed that her marriage to Cugat had been merely a business contract and she claims he was confident in her eventual success from early on, and that she gave him a Rolls-Royce as a parting gift once she legally came of majority age. Charos first US TV appearance was on The Today Show, from 1965-67, she performed on The Ed Sullivan Show four times with her husband Xavier Cugat and his orchestra. She appeared on Laugh-In in 1968 and she would appear on short chatfests for a few minutes near the end of the show with Dan Rowan and Dick Martin. Her almost complete lack of fluency in the English language was played as a comic focus and it was around this time that she began using cuchi cuchi in the public arena. She was headlining Vegas shows by 1971 and reportedly being paid as much as Frank Sinatra, in 1977, she became a naturalized citizen of the United States. That same year she filed for divorce from Cugat, a petition that was granted April 14,1978. On August 11,1978, she married her husband, Kjell Rasten. Rasten soon became his wifes manager and the couple has one child, a son, Shel Rasten, in 1975, Dallas Morning News critic Harry Bowman wrote that the ABC network had penciled in. A half-hour comedy starring the wife of Xavier Cugat and commented. By October of that year, the performer was promoting a special slated for November, but the special did not actually appear until May 1976
17.
Chabelo
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Xavier López Rodríguez, better known as Chabelo, is a Mexican actor and a TV host who has been working on television for over sixty years. Chabelo has participated in more than thirty motion pictures and recorded more than thirty musical albums and he also has produced many shows like La Cuchufleta and La Güereja Quiere Más. However, his most famous TV show was En Familia con Chabelo and this show consisted of contests with people from the audience, gifts and games and was mainly for children. The program ended on Sunday, December 20,2015 after 47 years, xavier Lópezs career really began when he met a famous couple of actors, whose names were Panseco y Gamboa. Panseco worked on radio, and Gamboa, worked on TV and this pair was already known in Mexico and they taught Chabelo the basics of the TV business. Xavier López was hired as his character to be the spokesman of Pepsi Cola. After the contract, he found himself unemployable due to his association with the Pepsi brand. He was hired for a show in New York City for a fraction of what he was used to charging, after the tour, he negotiated a return to TV for a half hour daily show. López had the idea of doing a show where parents and children could participate and enjoy these mornings together. En Familia con Chabelo is well known in Latin America, it is a show with games, contests and gifts where Lopez plays the role of TV host, on December 30,2012, the show was awarded a Guinness Record for its 44 years of uninterrupted broadcast. Xavier López was awarded another Guinness Record for portraying the Chabelo character for over 57 years, on November 27,2015, Chabelo announced via YouTube, the Long-running Mexican TV show En Familia con Chabelo would air its final show on December 20,2015. People involved in this program are children and their parents, with whom Chabelo interacts and gets them to participate in many contests, at the end of the show there is a famous contest called the Catafixia. This contest allows players exchange their gifts for another which are transmuted by Chabelo himself and this gift could be better than the one they previously had or it could be worse. Chabelo has been featured in more than thirty films and recorded more than thirty albums and he also has produced many programs like La Escuelita VIP, and Los Simuladores
18.
El Vez
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Robert Lopez, better known by his stage name El Vez, is a Mexican-American singer-songwriter and musician, who performs and records original material and covers classic rock songs. Lopez got his start in playing guitar for the punk band The Zeros. Lopezs main persona and style is similar to Elvis Presley. Also known as the Thin Brown Duke, The Chicano Elvis, or The Mexican Elvis, he got his start in the Latino punk band The Zeros, and played in Catholic Discipline with the folk singer Phranc. El Vez was once a contestant on the game show To Tell the Truth and he was also a contestant on The Weakest Link during an episode featuring Elvis impersonators. 1994 - How Great Thou Art 1994 - Fun in Español 1994 - Graciasland 1994 - Merry Mex-Mas 1995 - El Vez is Alive 1996 - Never Been to Spain 1996 - G. I, blues 1998 - A Lad from Spain
19.
A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas
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It is a sequel to the 2008 film Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay and the third installment of the Harold & Kumar series. The plot follows Harold and Kumar, two estranged friends who embark on an adventure to find a new Christmas tree after Kumar destroys the original, the film was released on November 4,2011 and grossed $35 million. Seven years after escaping Guantanamo Bay, best friends and roommates Harold Lee, Harold has given up smoking cannabis, become a successful business man on Wall Street and married his Latina girlfriend Maria. Kumar on the hand is poor, and still lives in the messy apartment he once shared with Harold. Kumar has recently dumped by his girlfriend Vanessa, who arrives at Kumars apartment to inform him that she is pregnant with his child. Marias father and Harolds father-in-law, Mr. Perez, decides to stay at Harold, Mr. Perez, who doesnt like Harold, also brings over his prized Christmas tree that he has been growing for eight years, and gives Harold a short lecture about the trees importance. Kumar receives a package with Harolds name on it at his apartment, at Harolds house, they discover the item inside is a large marijuana joint. Kumar lights it up, but Harold throws it out of the window, only for it to land in the tree. Harold learns that Kumars new friend Adrian is attending a party with a Fraser Fir Christmas tree, Harold, Kumar, Adrian, and Harolds new best friend Todd, arrive at the party, where a girl named Mary attempts to seduce Harold. It turns out that Mary is the daughter of a Russian mob kingpin named Sergei Katsov who sends two of his men to kill Harold and Kumar, believing that they were trying to rape his daughter. The duo make it out of the building, without the Christmas tree, harris reveals that he did die but Jesus Christ kicked him out of Heaven. Harris hooks the pair up with a Christmas tree, and a Wafflebot, the two make their way to Harolds house to put up the tree, but end up being kidnapped by two of Katsovs men, and are saved by Wafflebot. After accidentally shooting Santa Claus in the head, Kumar gives him emergency surgery, in exchange for saving his life, Santa agrees to fly them back home in his sleigh, and reveals that he sent the package to reunite the friends. Harold arrives home to encounter Mr. Perez, who is angered when he discovers his Christmas tree is gone, Harold finally stands up to him, explaining that he may not be the perfect son-in-law, but he is the perfect guy for Maria. Mr. Perez says that he always knew Harold was a nice guy, Harold and Kumar rekindle their friendship, Kumar and Vanessa rekindle their romance, and Kumar tells Vanessa that he will re-take the exams to become a doctor for the sake of their child. Maria discovers that she is pregnant on Christmas morning and that Santa has left a replacement tree in their lounge, Harold decides to smoke weed again, and he and Kumar share a joint again for the first time. The film ends with Santa smoking a bong while riding his sleigh. V, however, A Very Harold & Kumar Christmas was announced on May 7,2009, for release on December 5,2010 at the earliest and possibly deferred to the 2011 holiday season. Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg returned to write the film while Todd Strauss-Schulson directed, Penn left his job with the White House on June 1,2010 to reprise his role as Kumar in the third Harold & Kumar installment
20.
Where God Left His Shoes
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Where God Left His Shoes is a 2007 drama film written and directed by Salvatore Stabile and starring John Leguizamo, Leonor Varela, Samantha Rose, Jerry Ferrara, and Adriane Lenox. It was first distributed through a release by IFC Films on 12 December 2008. The title of the movie is an old Italian saying that Stabiles father used to say about good places. Frank Diaz, a boxer, and his family have been living in a homeless shelter for months when, finally, on Christmas Eve. However seeing that he doesnt hold a job on the books the social worker tells him its not possible for him to get the apartment, Frank at his ends tells a story about his time in the army during the first Gulf War. This story causes the worker to give Frank a chance to get the apartment. Frank hits the streets of New York, his resentful stepson in tow. They search all over town in hopes of a job, in their search they grow closer together while also learning secrets about each other. On his first stop in search for a job he goes to a construction contractor hes worked for off the books but is denied a booked job, throughout the movie you see the old man looking for Frank Diaz to give him a letter. Franks efforts to find a job by six oclock prove impossible, at one point he is offered a job painting a school, but the offer is relinquished after a background check reveals a past felony. Ultimately he runs out of time and takes his family out for dinner instead and his wife tries to get him to leave so she can sneak out without paying like she usually does, but he doesnt let her do it. Outside their homeless shelter, Frank spots the man who stole his jacket earlier in the film and in a fit of anger and frustration, beats the man up and this causes his wife to change her mind as well. After checking another shelter and finding it full, the heads for Brooklyn on a subway train to try a shelter there. Music plays out as the fate of Frank and his family remain unknown to us, yet his loss of the apartment stills gives a glib outcome for a family hit hard of poverty. Lisa Schwartzbaum of Entertainment Weekly described the film as Italian neorealism meets A Christmas Carol, nick Pinkerton of the Village Voice writes that Stabile gets interesting scenes though the movies vérité is diluted by a cozy, adult-contemporary empathy with those less fortunate. Official site Where God Left His Shoes at the Internet Movie Database Where God Left His Shoes at Rotten Tomatoes
21.
Narcos
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Narcos is an American crime web television series created and produced by Chris Brancato, Carlo Bernard, and Doug Miro. Season 1, comprising 10 episodes, originally aired on August 28,2015, the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on September 2,2016 with 10 episodes. On September 6,2016, Netflix renewed the series for a third, Season 1 chronicles the life of Pablo Escobar from the late 1970s, when he first began manufacturing cocaine, to July 1992. The show chronicles the events that happened in Colombia during this period. It is told through the perspective of Steve Murphy, an American DEA agent working in Colombia, the series depicts how Escobar first became involved in the cocaine trade in Colombia. Soon enough, Pablo develops larger labs and more extensive distribution routes into the USA to supply growing demand, Murphy is partnered with Javier Peña. The purpose of Murphys task force is to work with the Colombian authorities to put an end to the flow of cocaine into the United States and it ends when Escobar escapes La Catedral prison. Season 2 is a continuation of where Season 1 ended, some soldiers find Escobar and his entourage right outside the perimeter of La Catedral, but are too petrified by Escobar to make an arrest. At the embassy the US sends a new ambassador who brings the CIA into play, in the beginning, there is little change for Escobar, as he still has the loyalty of his cartel. However, this starts to slip as Escobar needs to use a lot of time, at the beginning Escobar easily adapts to his new life, giving money to the community while ruthlessly killing those who tried to grab his empire. The Colombian police and Escobar engage in battles, resulting in high tension. The Cali cartel forms an alliance with Judy Moncada and Don Berna. Agent Peña starts working with Los Pepes, who kill Valeria, after La Quica and Blackie are caught, Escobar goes on the run with Limon. Pablo and Limon hide in a safehouse where he celebrates his 44th birthday, when Pablo tries to make contact with his family, the DEA and military track him down via radio triangulation and corner Pablo on the rooftops. Pablo is hit twice in the shootout, and though he might survive his injuries. Tata goes to the Cali Cartel for their help in leaving the country, Peña returns to the U. S. and is asked to provide intel against the Cali Cartel. Jones as CIA Officer – a CIA officer, also on Murphys task force Patrick St. W, bush in 1992, replacing Noonan Luis Gnecco as Mateo Moreno or Cockroach – the Chilean chemist who first introduced Escobar to cocaine trafficking A. J. There is a magical realism was born in Colombia
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