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Fantasy
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Fantasy is a fiction genre set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Most fantasy uses magic or other elements as a main plot element, theme. Magic and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds, in popular culture, the fantasy genre is predominantly of the medievalist form. In its broadest sense, however, fantasy works by many writers, artists, filmmakers. Fantasy is studied in a number of disciplines including English and other studies, cultural studies, comparative literature, history. The identifying trait of fantasy is the reliance on imagination to create narrative elements that do not have to rely on history or nature to be coherent. This differs from realistic fiction in that whereas realistic fiction has to attend to the history and natural laws of reality, an author applies his or her imagination to come up with characters, plots, and settings that are impossible in reality. Fantasy has often compared with science fiction and horror because they are the major categories of speculative fiction. Fantasy is distinguished from science fiction by the plausibility of the narrative elements, a science fiction narrative is unlikely, though seeming possible through logical scientific and/or technological extrapolation, whereas fantasy narratives do not need to be scientifically possible. The imagined elements of fantasy do not need an explanation to be narratively functional. Authors have to rely on the suspension of disbelief, an acceptance of the unbelievable or impossible for the sake of enjoyment. Despite both genres heavy reliance on the supernatural, fantasy and horror are distinguishable, horror primarily evokes fear through the protagonists weaknesses or inability to deal with the antagonists. Beginning perhaps with the earliest written documents, mythic and other elements that would come to define fantasy. MacDonald was an influence on both J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis. The other major fantasy author of this era was William Morris, lord Dunsany established the genres popularity in both the novel and the short story form. Many popular mainstream authors also began to write fantasy at this time, including H. Rider Haggard, Rudyard Kipling and Edgar Rice Burroughs. Indeed, juvenile fantasy was considered more acceptable than fantasy intended for adults, nathaniel Hawthorne wrote fantasy in A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys, intended for children, though works for adults only verged on fantasy. Political and social trends can affect a societys reception towards fantasy, in the early 20th century, the New Culture Movements enthusiasm for Westernization and science in China compelled them to condemn the fantastical shenmo genre of traditional Chinese literature
2.
Kadokawa Shoten
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Kadokawa Shoten, formerly Kadokawa Shoten Co. Ltd. is a Japanese publisher and brand company of Kadokawa Corporation based in Tokyo, Japan. It became a division of Kadokawa Corporation on October 1,2013. Kadokawa has published both manga novels and magazines, such as Newtype magazine, since its founding, Kadokawa has expanded into the multimedia sector, namely in video games and movies. Kadokawa Shoten was established on November 10,1945 by Genyoshi Kadokawa, the companys first publication imprint, Kadokawa Bunko, was published in 1949. The company went public on April 2,1954, in 1975, Haruki Kadokawa became the president of Kadokawa Shoten, following Genyoshi Kadokawas death. On April 1,2003, Kadokawa Shoten was renamed to Kadokawa Holdings, on July 1,2006, the parent company was renamed to Kadokawa Group Holdings, and inherited the management and integration businesses within Kadokawa Shoten. In January 2007, Kadokawa Group Holdings inherited the management and integration businesses within Kadokawa Shoten, the magazine businesses was transferred to the Kadokawa Magazine Group. The video game divisions of Kadokawa Shoten, ASCII Media Works, Kadokawa Shoten ceased being a kabushiki gaisha on October 1,2013 when it was merged with eight other companies to become a brand company of Kadokawa Corporation. Kadokawa Haruki Corporation, Founded in 1976 Haruki Kadokawa as a production company. The company was merged into Kadokawa Shoten. When Haruki Kadokawa was still on bail following his 1993 arrest, Fujimi Shobo, In 1991, Fujimi Shobo was merged into Kadokawa Shoten, but continued operations as a division of Kadokawa Shoten. The Television), In 1993, it was merged into Kadokawa Shoten, Kadokawa Media Office, In 1993, it was merged into Kadokawa Shoten. Kadokawa J-com media Kadokawa Gakugei Shuppan Publishing, Formerly Hichō Kikaku, in 2007, Kadokawas stake of Asmik Ace was transferred to Kadokawa Group Holdings. In 2010, Sumitomo purchased the remaining 20% stake from Kadokawa Group Holdings, cinema Paradise Taiwan Animate Chara Ani. hack//G. U. Bio Booster Armor Guyver Black Rock Shooter Brain Powerd Cardfight, frog Shangri-La Shibuya Fifteen Shirahime-Syo, Snow Goddess Tales Slayers Sora no Otoshimono Steel Angel Kurumi Strider Hiryu Super Lovers Tenchi Muyo
3.
Australasia
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Australasia, a region of Oceania, comprises Australia, New Zealand, the island of New Guinea, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. Charles de Brosses coined the term in Histoire des navigations aux terres australes and he derived it from the Latin for south of Asia and differentiated the area from Polynesia and the southeast Pacific. The bulk of Australasia sits on the Indo-Australian Plate, together with India, physiographically, Australasia includes New Zealand, Australia, and Melanesia, New Guinea and neighbouring islands north and east of Australia in the Pacific Ocean. The designation is applied to all the lands and islands of the Pacific Ocean lying between the equator and latitude 47° south. Most of Australasia lies on the portion of the Indo-Australian Plate, flanked by the Indian Ocean to the west. Sometimes the term encompasses the island of New Guinea. Many organisations whose names include the prefix Australasian Society of, limit their scope of operation to just Australia and New Zealand. In the past, Australasia has been used as a name for combined Australia/New Zealand sporting teams, examples include tennis between 1905 and 1915, when New Zealand and Australia combined to compete in the Davis Cup international tournament, and at the Olympic Games of 1908 and 1912. From an ecological perspective the Australasia ecozone forms a region with a common geologic and evolutionary history. In this context, Australasia is limited to Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, New Caledonia, the Wallace Line marks the biological divide from the Indomalaya ecozone of tropical Asia – Borneo and Bali lie on the western, Asian side. These three land masses have been separated from other continents, and from one another, for millions of years, all of Australasia shares the Antarctic flora, although the northern, tropical islands also share many plants with Southeast Asia. Mainland Australia, New Guinea and Tasmania are separated from one another by shallow continental shelves and they share a similar fauna which includes marsupial and monotreme mammals and ratite birds. Eucalypts are the predominant trees in much of Australia and New Guinea, New Zealand has no extant native land mammals aside from bats, but also had ratite birds, including the kiwi and the extinct moa. Media related to Australasia at Wikimedia Commons
4.
Madman Entertainment
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Madman Entertainment is an Australian company that distributes Australian and foreign films as well as Japanese anime and manga in Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. Madman is one of the entertainment companies in Australia. It employs approx 100 people and has a turnover of around A$50 million. Its headquarters is in Richmond, Victoria, Madman has secured the local release rights to popular titles including Sailor Moon, One Piece, Dragon Ball, Neon Genesis Evangelion, Akira, Steins, Gate and almost all of Studio Ghiblis catalogue. In addition to DVD sales, Madman manages the theatrical release of some of their titles, according to market research, Madman accounts for 97% of the total anime home media market in Australia. Later on in 1997, Madman started to distribute anime from ADV Films along with Siren Entertainment, in 2001 Madman Entertainment bought Sirens distribution equipment and established The AV Channel, allowing Madman to distribute their own titles. As of 2008, only some of Manga Entertainment Australias titles from the 1990s have been distributed by Madman, some of their DVD releases have been jointly mastered with Britains MVM Films or Revelation Films to save costs, and are therefore dual-region. A few DVD titles from Madman, such as the Oh My Goddess, oVAs, are all-region or multi-region DVDs in the NTSC format, imported from the US and repackaged for sale in Australia and New Zealand. Madman & Manga UK also work together on PAL DVD & Region B Blu-ray masters and video transfers, a growing selection of manga titles translated by Tokyopop in the United States and Chuang Yi in Singapore are being imported and distributed through Madman Entertainment. In February 2008, Madman announced that they would also be distributing manga titles from Viz Media, Madman currently distributes manga from Viz Media, Dark Horse Comics, Tokyopop, and recently from Yen Press with the 2012 release of The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya. Madman launched in 1996 solely as a distribution company, but has since expanded. Madman also has a distribution arm called Madman Cinema. In addition, the company distributes original series produced by Australias Special Broadcasting Service on DVD, at the 2008 Supanova Pop Culture Expo, Madman announced plans to explore new distribution methods. The company now offers streaming of selected anime episodes, beginning with the first episode of School Rumble. Madman now has a sub-page, Madman Scereening Room, dedicated to video streaming, Madman has also begun releasing Blu-ray Disc titles, starting with The Transformers, The Movie in June 2009. On 1 June 2009, Madman Entertainment released an English adaption of Tamagotchi, The Movie, Madman also intended to dub the films sequel, Tamagotchi, Happiest Story in the Universe. But the dub was cancelled for unknown reasons, in April 2008, the company announced a collaboration with British company Warp Films. Warp and Madman plan to make at least two films together over the three years, starting with Tyrannosaur
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Northern America
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Northern America is the northernmost subcontinent of North America. It lies directly north of the region of Middle America, consisting of Mexico, the Caribbean, the land border between the two regions coincides with the border between the United States and Mexico. Geopolitically, according to the scheme of geographic regions and subregions, Northern America consists of Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, maps using the term Northern America date back to 1755, when the region was occupied by France, Great Britain, and Spain. The Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America in 1813 applied to Mexico, Central America Middle America Americas Anglo-America
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Tokyopop
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Tokyopop, styled TOKYOPOP, and formerly known as Mixx Entertainment, is an American distributor, licensor, and publisher of anime, manga, manhwa, and Western manga-style works. The German publishing division produces German translations of licensed Japanese properties and original English-language manga, Tokyopops defunct US publishing division previously published works in English and Japanese. Tokyopop had its US headquarters in the Variety Building in Los Angeles, California, Tokyopop was founded in 1997 by Stuart J. Levy. In the late 1990s, the headquarters were located in Los Angeles. While the company was known as Mixx Entertainment, it sold MixxZine, mixxzine later became Tokyopop before it was discontinued. Cultural anthropologist Matt Thorn praised Stu Levy for opening up a market for cartoons with the publication of Sailor Moon. Before Sailor Moon, the belief among entertainment executives was that girls dont watch cartoons, due to Sailor Moon’s immense popularity, Tokyopop discontinued the serial from its magazines, and released it separately as its first manga graphic novel. Also, together with Diamond, Tokyopop offered retailers free spinner rack displays for Tokyopop manga, Tokyopop also licensed and distributed Japanese anime. ”The film was directed and scripted by Shoji Kawamori, who created Super Dimensional Fortress Macross and The Vision of Escaflowne. Taste of Cinema ranked “Spring and Chaos” thirteenth in its list of Top “25 Weird Animated Movies That Are Worth Your Time. In 2002, Tokyopop launched its line of 100% Authentic Manga, unfortunately, this often compromised the integrity of the titles original artwork. Tokyopop volumes hit the shelves monthly, bi-monthly or quarterly versus the six months or longer typical of competitors. It also allowed Tokyopop to sell books for a price point of $9.99 per book. Tokyopop was the first U. S. publisher to adopt such a sweeping policy, an authentic manga how-to guide was included in each graphic novel to keep readers from accidentally reading the final page first, and the authentic manga also featured special packaging. Tokyopop launched their Global Manga publishing program in 2003 via the introduction of its Rising Stars of Manga talent competition, the competition called for American manga artists to submit 15-25 page English-language stories of any genre. The top 10 entries, as judged by Tokyopop editors, received prizes and were published in an anthology of the winning works. The grand prize winners were given the chance to pitch full-length manga projects to Tokyopop for a chance to become professional manga-ka. The 5th Rising Stars of Manga competition added the People’s Choice award, “We are really pleased to open up the Rising Stars judging to the fans, commented Tokyopop editor Rob Valois. Since so many people have been vocal on the boards and at industry conventions
7.
Singapore
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Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, sometimes referred to as the Lion City or the Little Red Dot, is a sovereign city-state in Southeast Asia. It lies one degree north of the equator, at the tip of peninsular Malaysia. Singapores territory consists of one island along with 62 other islets. Since independence, extensive land reclamation has increased its size by 23%. During the Second World War, Singapore was occupied by Japan, after early years of turbulence, and despite lacking natural resources and a hinterland, the nation developed rapidly as an Asian Tiger economy, based on external trade and its workforce. Singapore is a global commerce, finance and transport hub, the country has also been identified as a tax haven. Singapore ranks 5th internationally and first in Asia on the UN Human Development Index and it is ranked highly in education, healthcare, life expectancy, quality of life, personal safety, and housing, but does not fare well on the Democracy index. Although income inequality is high, 90% of homes are owner-occupied, 38% of Singapores 5.6 million residents are permanent residents and other foreign nationals. There are four languages on the island, Malay, Mandarin, Tamil. English is its language, most Singaporeans are bilingual. Singapore is a multiparty parliamentary republic, with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government. The Peoples Action Party has won every election since self-government in 1959, however, it is unlikely that lions ever lived on the island, Sang Nila Utama, the Srivijayan prince said to have founded and named the island Singapura, perhaps saw a Malayan tiger. There are however other suggestions for the origin of the name, the central island has also been called Pulau Ujong as far back as the third century CE, literally island at the end in Malay. In 1299, according to the Malay Annals, the Kingdom of Singapura was founded on the island by Sang Nila Utama and these Indianized Kingdoms, a term coined by George Cœdès were characterized by surprising resilience, political integrity and administrative stability. In 1613, Portuguese raiders burned down the settlement, which by then was part of the Johor Sultanate. The wider maritime region and much trade was under Dutch control for the following period, in 1824 the entire island, as well as the Temenggong, became a British possession after a further treaty with the Sultan. In 1826, Singapore became part of the Straits Settlements, under the jurisdiction of British India, prior to Raffles arrival, there were only about a thousand people living on the island, mostly indigenous Malays along with a handful of Chinese. By 1860 the population had swelled to over 80,000, many of these early immigrants came to work on the pepper and gambier plantations
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United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
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Comptiq
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Comptiq is a Japanese computer game magazine, first published in 1983, by Kadokawa Shoten. The name Comptiq came from combining the computer and boutique. Originally a PC magazine, its focus shifted from computers to computer games, as of September 2003, it has been known as a MediaMix Game Magazine. The magazine is sold every month on the tenth, the magazine is split into two sections, one with information about games, and one with manga information. Its also known for revealing information on upcoming games and includes a gift in each issue, however, unlike most game magazines, Comptiq does not publish game reviews. hack//GU+. hack//Legend of the Twilight Air D. C. Lucky Star Moon Quest Nichijou Phantom Brave Record of Lodoss War Romancia Rune Wars Shuffle. Days in the Bloom Snow, Pure White Tōka Gettan The Tower of Druaga, the Aegis of Uruk Sekigan no Ryū Vagrants Yami to Bōshi to Hon no Tabibito Yoake Mae yori Ruriiro na Ys Official website
10.
Bee Train
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Bee Train Production, commonly referred to simply as Bee Train, is a Japanese animation studio founded by Kōichi Mashimo in 1997. Originally, Bee Train was a subsidiary of Production I. G along with Xebec but in February 2006, it ended its relationship and this studio-as-hospital approach was allegedly invented by Mashimo during his prolonged stay in an intensive care unit and has been Bee Trains official strategy ever since. The first projects published by the studio in 1999 were anime adaptations of game franchises popular in Japan, PoPoLoCrois, Arc the Lad, Wild Arms, Twilight Venom. Later, Bandai Visual joined forces with Bee Train to produce an anime OVA based on the famous. hack video game series. Simultaneously, they decided to promote the games with a television series. The OVA became known as. hack//Liminality and its four episodes were added as bonus material to each of the four games of the franchise. In 2006, Bee Train produced. hack//Roots, an anime to the. hack//G. U. Games and a successor to Sign. Bee Trains first independent project was Noir, aired in 2001, the series was produced at the same time as Sign and became the first installment of Bee Trains girls-with-guns trilogy. Although the girls-with-guns series are considered Bee Trains and, particularly, Mashimos signature works, from 1997 on, the studios headquarters were located in Kokubunji, Tokyo, although in 2001, it moved to another part of the city. Two more studio locations were acquired in 2004 and 2006, currently the main office now resides in Musashino, Tokyo with C-Station Co. Ltd. department in the Kokunbunji office. The company has been dormant since 2012 due to Kōichi Mashimos retirement from the anime industry, one frequent technique that Mashimo uses as part of his studio-as-hospital strategy is brainstorming new anime concepts with his colleagues in the state of alcohol intoxication. For example, according to him, that is how the idea of the connection between the two female leads of Madlax was born. Another typical Bee Train gesture is to invite Japanese voice actors who have worked on some of their projects to voice the characters similar to the ones they voiced before. For example, this list includes Hōko Kuwashima, Aya Hisakawa, the famous Japanese composer and music producer Yuki Kajiura has created musical scores for multiple projects by Bee Train since Noir. Kajiura has provided music for Sign, Liminality, Madlax, Tsubasa Chronicle, when explaining his preference for Kajiuras work, Mashimo once commented that shes a storyteller who just happens to know how to write music. Another frequent collaboration is that between Bee Train and the musical duo Ali Project, generally, the music plays a just as important role in Bee Trains works as visuals and dialogue do, sometimes even drowning the latter. Bee Train also participated in the works as a general for hire company
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Europe
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Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, yet the non-oceanic borders of Europe—a concept dating back to classical antiquity—are arbitrary. Europe covers about 10,180,000 square kilometres, or 2% of the Earths surface, politically, Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states of which the Russian Federation is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a population of about 740 million as of 2015. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast, Europe, in particular ancient Greece, was the birthplace of Western civilization. The fall of the Western Roman Empire, during the period, marked the end of ancient history. Renaissance humanism, exploration, art, and science led to the modern era, from the Age of Discovery onwards, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers controlled at times the Americas, most of Africa, Oceania. The Industrial Revolution, which began in Great Britain at the end of the 18th century, gave rise to economic, cultural, and social change in Western Europe. During the Cold War, Europe was divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the west and the Warsaw Pact in the east, until the revolutions of 1989 and fall of the Berlin Wall. In 1955, the Council of Europe was formed following a speech by Sir Winston Churchill and it includes all states except for Belarus, Kazakhstan and Vatican City. Further European integration by some states led to the formation of the European Union, the EU originated in Western Europe but has been expanding eastward since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. The European Anthem is Ode to Joy and states celebrate peace, in classical Greek mythology, Europa is the name of either a Phoenician princess or of a queen of Crete. The name contains the elements εὐρύς, wide, broad and ὤψ eye, broad has been an epithet of Earth herself in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion and the poetry devoted to it. For the second part also the divine attributes of grey-eyed Athena or ox-eyed Hera. The same naming motive according to cartographic convention appears in Greek Ανατολή, Martin Litchfield West stated that phonologically, the match between Europas name and any form of the Semitic word is very poor. Next to these there is also a Proto-Indo-European root *h1regʷos, meaning darkness. Most major world languages use words derived from Eurṓpē or Europa to refer to the continent, in some Turkic languages the originally Persian name Frangistan is used casually in referring to much of Europe, besides official names such as Avrupa or Evropa
12.
Bandai Visual
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Most of the anime and films that has been distributed and licensed by Bandai Visual has been released under the Emotion label. Since the reorganisation of Bandai Namco Holdings in 2006, Bandai Visual now heads the groups Visual and its subsidiaries include the Emotion Music Company, Limited, and Lantis Company, Limited music publishing labels. Bandai Visual is currently a fully owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings, Bandai Namco announced on November 8,2007 that it would buy the voting shares it did not own between that date and December 10,2007 and turn the company into a wholly owned subsidiary. On December 18,2007, Bandai Namco announced that it owned 93. 63% of Bandai Visuals shares since the end of November, the remaining shares were delisted from the Tokyo Stock Exchange on February 15,2008 after Bandai Namco acquired the remaining 10% of the shares. Bandai Entertainment is a subsidiary of Bandai America, founded in 1998. Their first releases were under the AnimeVillage. com label up until 1999 when Bandai Entertainment started releasing its titles, despite its name it was not directly established by Bandai Visual. Originally separate from Bandai Visual USA, Namco Holdings announced that Bandai Entertainment would absorb Bandai Visual USA in 2008, the company also licensed manga series for release with English translation, and published American-made graphic novels. As with many North American anime distributors, Bandai Entertainment offered a fan support program to public screenings of licensed content at anime clubs. The company confirmed on January 2,2012 that they would stop offering new DVD, Blu-ray disc and manga releases by February, Bandai Entertainment was restructured to focus on licensing anime to other companies. On August 30,2012, Bandai America announced that it shut down Bandai Entertainment and discontinue distributing their home video. They made their final shipment to retailers on November 30,2012, many former Bandai Entertainment titles have been re-licensed by companies like Funimation, Discotek Media, Nozomi Entertainment & Sentai Filmworks. In 2017, Bandai Entertainment was temporarily relaunched by Manga Entertainment to release both seasons of Ghost in the Shell, Stand Alone Complex on Blu-ray, Beez Entertainment was the European branch of Bandai Entertainment that also distributed anime and music and were also owned by Bandai Namco Holdings. The name is an acronym for Bandai Entertainment European Zone, following the discontinuation of Bandai Entertainment, Beez has also stopped releasing anime in the European market. Their anime releases were licensed in North America by Bandai Entertainment, Bandai Visual USA was established in 2005 to distribute and market Bandai Visuals productions in North America. Unlike Bandai Entertainment, Bandai Visual USAs releases were of high quality and were aimed at collectors and their titles were released under the Honnêamise label. Bandai Visual USAs anime products were distributed in North America initially by Image Entertainment and later, Geneon Entertainment USA, on May 23,2008, Bandai Namco Holdings announced that Bandai Visual USA would be merged into Bandai Entertainment. Bandai Visual USA was dissolved on July 1,2008, Honnêamise was Bandai Visual USAs boutique label that distributed deluxe editions of anime and artsier products. The labels namesake comes from Royal Space Force, The Wings of Honnêamise, the label was shut down on July 1,2008 when Bandai Visual USA was absorbed into Bandai Entertainment
13.
Funimation
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Funimation is an American entertainment, anime, and foreign licensing company based in Flower Mound, Texas. The studio is one of the distributors of anime and other foreign entertainment properties in North America alongside Viz Media, Sentai Filmworks. It was founded on May 9,1994 by Gen Fukunaga and his wife Cindy as FUNimation Productions, with funding by Daniel Cocanougher and his family, Funimation was sold to Navarre Corporation on May 11,2005 and the company was renamed FUNimation Entertainment. In April 2011, Navarre sold Funimation to a group of investors including Fukunaga for $24 million, around the same time, the companys trademark ball, star and blue bar were dropped from its logo and the company was renamed to simply Funimation. In May 2013, Funimation consolidated its divisions under its new holding company Group 1200 Media, Funimation is a portmanteau of the English words fun and animation. The company was founded on May 9,1994 by Japanese-born businessman Gen Fukunaga, fukunagas uncle, Nagafumi Hori, was working as a producer for Toei Company, Hori approached Gen about licensing Dragon Ball to the United States. He proposed that if Fukunaga could start a company and raise enough money. Fukunaga met with co-worker Daniel Cocanougher whose family owned a mill in Decatur, Texas and convinced Cocanoughers family to sell their business. The company was formed in Silicon Valley, California as Funimation Productions in 1994. They initially collaborated with companies on Dragon Ball, such as BLT Productions, Ocean Studios, Pioneer. This led Funimation to begin licensing other anime to the U. S, on May 11,2005, Funimation was acquired by the now-defunct Navarre Corporation for US$100.4 million in cash and 1.8 million shares of Navarre stock. Funimation moved into the Lakeside Business District with a ten-year lease, in July 2008, Funimation confirmed that they had acquired distribution rights to several Geneon titles, including some that Geneon had left unfinished when they ceased operations. At Anime Expo 2008, Funimation announced that it had acquired over 30 titles from the Sojitz catalog that had previously licensed by ADV Films. In 2009, Funimation signed a deal with Toei Animation to stream several of its anime titles online through the Funimation website, in the first quarter of 2010, Navarre Corporation reclassified Funimation as discounted operations and began preparations to sell the company. Navarre released a statement in April 2011 confirming that Funimation has been sold to a group of investors, including original owner Gen Fukunaga, for $24 million. It is speculated that Funimation was sold at such a low cost because Navarre wanted to continue distributing goods in relation to the products, Navarre remained as exclusive distributor of Funimations titles until 2013 when the company shutdown. From this point on, virtually all titles simulcasted by Niconico were acquired by Funimation, the deal has since been severed. On June 22,2015, Funimation and Universal Pictures Home Entertainment announced a home video distribution deal
14.
TV Tokyo
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TV Tokyo Corporation TYO,9413 is a television station headquartered in Roppongi, Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Also known as Teleto, a blend of terebi and Tokyo and it is one of the major Tokyo television stations, particularly specializing in anime. The station is owned by Nihon Keizai Shimbun. TV Tokyo was established by the Japan Science Promotion Foundation in 1951, a limited liability company, Tokyo Channel 12 Production, was formed for the channel on July 1,1968. In October 1973, the name was shortened to Tokyo Channel 12, a month later, it became a general purpose TV station along with Japan Educational Television. In 1981, it was renamed, this time to Television Tokyo Channel 12. In 1983, TV Tokyo formed the Mega TON Network with TV Osaka, the company shifted its head offices from Shiba Park to Toranomon in December 1985. On June 25,2004, the company assumed its current English name of TV Tokyo Corporation, on November 7,2016, TV Tokyo moved its headquarters to new building at Sumitomo Fudosan Roppongi Grand Tower from its old studios in Toranomon. Call sign, JOTX-DTV Remote controller ID7 Tokyo Skytree, Channel 23 Analog Transmission ceased on 24 July 2011, （ハケンOLは見た. ） Little Tokyo Live every Wednesday, around midnight Ii-tabi Yume-Kibun （いい旅・夢気分） Drive a GO. Saturday Special Stay at the countryside, （田舎に泊まろう. ） Japan Countdown Enka no Hanamichi （演歌の花道） Yan-yan Music studio （ヤンヤン歌うスタジオ） Drama 24 Yukemuri Sniper Uramiya Honpo URAKARA Majisuka Gakuen Y. Brave and Devils Castle （勇者ヨシヒコと魔王の城） Theater Gold 24 TWENTY FOUR Season 5 Sunday Big Valiety Monday Premiere
15.
Cartoon Network
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Cartoon Network is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Time Warner through the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary. It was founded by Betty Cohen and launched on October 1,1992, the channel primarily broadcasts childrens shows, mostly animated programming, ranging from action to animated comedy. It operates daily from 6,00 AM to 11,00 PM, a Spanish language audio track for select programs is accessible via second audio programing, some cable and satellite companies offer the Spanish feed as a separate channel. It is also the channel of Turner-owned Boomerang. As of January 2016, Cartoon Network is available to approximately 94.0 million pay television households in the United States, however, Turner kept much of MGMs film and television library made prior to May 1986 and formed Turner Entertainment. On October 3,1988, its cable channel Turner Network Television was launched and had gained an audience with its film library. In 1991, Turner Entertainment purchased animation studio Hanna-Barbera Productions for US $320 million, on February 18,1992, Turner Broadcasting System announced its plans to launch the Cartoon Network as an outlet for Turners considerable library of animation. Initial programming on the channel consisted exclusively of reruns of classic Warner Bros. cartoons, the 1933–1957 Popeye cartoons, MGM cartoons, at first, cable providers in New York City, Philadelphia, Washington D. C. and Detroit carried the channel. By the time the network launched, Cartoon Network had an 8, from its launch until 1995, the networks announcers said the networks name with the word The added before Cartoon Network, thus calling the network The Cartoon Network. By the time that the network debuted, Cartoon Network also operated a block that aired on TNT. Cartoon Network was not the first cable channel to have relied on cartoons to attract an audience, however, Turner Broadcasting System had defied conventional wisdom before by launching CNN, a channel providing 24-hour news coverage. Initially, the channel would broadcast cartoons 24 hours a day, late Night Black and White showed early black-and-white cartoons, and ToonHeads would show three shorts with a similar theme and provide trivia about the cartoons. There was also an afternoon block called High Noon Toons. The majority of the animation that was shown on Cartoon Network no longer air on a regular basis, with the exception of Tom and Jerry. A challenge for Cartoon Network was to overcome its low penetration of existing cable systems, when launched on October 1,1992, the channel was only carried by 233 cable systems. However, it benefited from package deals, New subscribers to sister channels TNT and TBS could also get access to Cartoon Network through such deals. The high ratings of Cartoon Network over the couple of years led to more cable systems including it. By the end of 1994, Cartoon Network had become the fifth most popular channel in the United States
16.
South Asia
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Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian Plate, which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush. South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land by West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, the current territories of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka form the countries of South Asia. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation is an economic cooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985, South Asia covers about 5.1 million km², which is 11. 51% of the Asian continent or 3. 4% of the worlds land surface area. The population of South Asia is about 1.749 billion or about one fourth of the worlds population, overall, it accounts for about 39. 49% of Asias population and is home to a vast array of peoples. The area of South Asia and its extent is not clear cut as systemic. Aside from the region of South Asia, formerly part of the British Empire, there is a high degree of variation as to which other countries are included in South Asia. Modern definitions of South Asia are consistent in including Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar is included by some scholars in South Asia, but in Southeast Asia by others. Some do not include Afghanistan, others question whether Afghanistan should be considered a part of South Asia or the Middle East, the mountain countries of Nepal and Bhutan, and the island countries of Sri Lanka and Maldives are generally included as well. Myanmar is often added, and by various deviating definitions based on often substantially different reasons, the British Indian Ocean Territory, the common concept of South Asia is largely inherited from the administrative boundaries of the British Raj, with several exceptions. The Aden Colony, British Somaliland and Singapore, though administered at various times under the Raj, have not been proposed as any part of South Asia. Additionally Burma was administered as part of the Raj until 1937, the 562 princely states that were protected by but not directly ruled by the Raj became administrative parts of South Asia upon joining Union of India or Dominion of Pakistan. China and Myanmar have also applied for the status of members of SAARC. This bloc of countries include two independent countries that were not part of the British Raj – Nepal, and Bhutan, Afghanistan was a British protectorate from 1878 until 1919, after the Afghans lost to the British in the Second Anglo-Afghan war. The United Nations Statistics Divisions scheme of sub-regions include all eight members of the SAARC as part of Southern Asia, population Information Network includes Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burma, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka as part of South Asia. Maldives, in view of its characteristics, was admitted as a member Pacific POPIN subregional network only in principle, the Hirschman–Herfindahl index of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific for the region includes only the original seven signatories of SAARC. The British Indian Ocean Territory is connected to the region by a publication of Janes for security considerations, the inclusion of Myanmar in South Asia is without consensus, with many considering it a part of southeast Asia and others including it within South Asia. Afghanistan was of importance to the British colonial empire, especially after the Second Anglo-Afghan War over 1878–1880, Afghanistan remained a British protectorate until 1919, when a treaty with Vladimir Lenin included the granting of independence to Afghanistan. Following Indias partition, Afghanistan has generally included in South Asia
17.
Animax
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Animax, stylized as ANIMAX, is a Japanese anime satellite television network, dedicated to broadcasting anime programming. The channel also dubbed cartoons in Japanese language, Animax is the first and largest 24-hour network in the world dedicated to anime and cartoons. Animax has separate 24-hour TV channels for Japan, Animax Asia, and a VOD service in the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Established on May 20,1998 by Sony, Animax Broadcast Japan Inc. originally premiered in Japan on June 1, the same year, across the SKY PerfecTV. Headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan, and presided by Masao Takiyama, Animaxs shareholders and founders include Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sunrise, Toei Animation, TMS Entertainment and its founders also include noted anime producer and production designer Yoshirō Kataoka. The network began broadcasting in high definition from October 2009, Animax also exhibits affiliations with anime pioneer Osamu Tezukas Tezuka Productions company, Pierrot, Nippon Animation, and numerous others. Noted Japanese celebrities and personalities to have appeared on Animax with their own programs, include actress Natsuki Katō, the networks narrators are the voice actors Yukari Tamura and Kōsuke Okano, and from October 2007, Sayuri Yahagi. Apart from operating its business primarily as a network, Animax has also begun operating a mobile television service. In February 2007, Animax announced that it would be launching a television service of its network on the mobile phone company MOBAHO. From April 2007, having its programming being viewable by the mobile phone subscribers. Since July 2011 a program called STUDIO MUSIX has been transmitted the first Sunday of every month, in each episode theres a segment of Mayn and the guests on an interview and also a live stage featuring them. Cartoon series broadcast include Transformers, Generation 1, Transformers Prime, Transformers, Generation 2, Ying Yang Yo, Jackie Chan Adventures, Metalocallypse, Arms Micron, joe, Renegades, Sonic X and Digimon Adventure appears in MorningMax, released as 2015. Animax launched separate Asian versions of the channel featuring its programming within separate networks and feeds in the respective regions. The first one was launched in Taiwan and the Philippines on January 1,2004, on July 5,2004, Animax started operations across South Asia including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Maldives, featuring its programming within an English-language feed. On April 29,2006, Animax started its operations in South Korea, on August 31,2006, Animax launched its Malaysian feed. Animax used the latest logo launched on May 3,2010, as of 2016 Animax has separate 24-hour TV channels for Animax Asia and South Korea. Animax was launched in Latin America on July 31,2005, replacing Locomotion after Sonys purchase from Hearst Corporation and Corus Entertainment, the channels non-anime programming were removed from the lineup, which was later replaced with an all-anime lineup. Animax Latin America began operating across the region and broadcasting its anime programming
18.
.hack (video game series)
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. hack /dɒt hæk/ is a series of single-player action role-playing video games developed for the PlayStation 2 console by CyberConnect2 and published by Bandai. Players may transfer their characters and data between games in the series, each game comes with an extra DVD containing an episode of. hack//Liminality, the accompanying original video animation series which details fictional events that occur concurrently with the games. The games are part of a franchise called Project. hack which explores the mysterious origins of The World. Set after the events of the anime series. hack//Sign, the focus on a player named Kite. The search evolves into an investigation of The World and its effects on the stability of the Internet. Critics gave the mixed reviews. It was praised for its setting and its commitment to preserve suspension of disbelief. However, it was criticized for uneven pacing and a lack of improvement between games, the commercial success of the franchise led to the production of. hack//frägment—a remake of the series with online capabilities—and. hack//G. U. Another video game trilogy. hack simulates an MMORPG, players assume the role of a participant in a game called The World. The player controls the player character Kite from a third-person perspective. The player manually controls the viewing perspective using the game controller, within the fictional game, players explore monster-infested fields and dungeons, and Root Towns that are free of combat. They can also log off from The World and return to a desktop interface which includes in-game e-mail, news, message boards. The player may save the game to a memory card both from the desktop and within The World at a Save Shop. A Data Flag appears on the file after the player completes the game, allowing the transfer of all aspects of the player character. The series is typical of action role-playing games, in which attack enemies in real time. The games action pauses whenever the menu is opened to select magic to cast, items to use, the player directly controls Kite and the other characters are controlled by artificial intelligence. The player may provide the computer-controlled characters with guidelines or issue direct commands. Most hostile creatures are contained within magic portals and combat will not begin until the character approaches the portal
19.
.hack//Sign
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. hack//Sign is an anime television series directed by Kōichi Mashimo and produced by studio Bee Train and Bandai Visual, that makes up one of the four original storylines of the. hack franchise. Twenty six original episodes aired in 2002 on TV and three additional episodes were released on DVD as original video animations. The series features character design by Yoshiyuki Sadamoto, known for his work on Evangelion, and screenplay by Kazunori Itō, the series focuses on a Wavemaster named Tsukasa, a player character of a virtual-reality massively multiplayer online role-playing game called The World. Tsukasa wakes up to himself in a dungeon in The World. The situation gets worse when he discovers he is unable to log out and is trapped in the game, from then on, along with other players Tsukasa embarks on a quest to figure out the truth behind his abnormal situation. The show premiered in Japan on TV Tokyo between April 4,2002 and September 25,2002 and it was distributed across North America by Bandai Entertainment. It relies on character development and has few action scenes, most of the character interaction is presented in the form of dialogue. The results are described as catastrophic, traffic lights shut down, planes collide in midair, as a consequence, cyberspace is subjected to severe restrictions. The virus affects all operating systems except for one, Altimit OS, two years later free access to the networks recovers, bringing with it the release of The World, the first online game since Plutos Kiss, developed for Altimit OS. At the center of each server is a Root Town, which contain shops, a point. Harald Hoerwick is introduced as the creator of The World and he secretly designed the game as a virtual womb in order to create the ultimate artificial intelligence, by receiving emotional and psychological data from the players. His motivation is revealed to be the death of Emma Wielant, a German poet whom he was in love with, the AI, who was named Aura, would serve as the daughter they never had. Harald left the gathering of the data for Auras development at the care of the core system of The World itself. Despite being a fantasy quest type adventure, it does not rely on action sequences, instead, the show is driven by mystery, slowly revealing its secrets to the viewer while paying much attention to the individual characters. Questions like what happened to Tsukasa in the world, who he really is. Soon after the beginning of the series Tsukasa is led to a hidden area, there he meets Morganna, depicted as a voice without physical appearance, and Aura, who appears as a young girl clad entirely in white, floating asleep above a bed. The storyline introduces Morganna as an ally, but her intentions are unknown at this point. As the story progresses many characters are introduced, some who want to help, then more questions arise as to what is happening in the game itself, who are these various characters, what are their true goals and what will happen to Tsukasa
20.
.hack//Liminality
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Liminality was separated into four volumes, each volume was released with its corresponding game. The initial episode is 45 minutes long, while subsequent episodes are 30 minutes long, the video series was directed by Koichi Mashimo, written by Kazunori Itō with music by Yuki Kajiura. Primary Animation production was handled by Mashimos studio Bee Train which collaborated for the four games as well as handled major production on. hack//Sign. The games were packaged with DVDs featuring episodes of. hack//Liminality, the OVA series was meant to give perspective on fictional events happening in the real world outside the game. Vol.1, In The Case of Mai Minase Vol.2, In The Case of Yuki Aihara Vol.3, In The Case of Kyoko Tohno Vol.4, Trismegistus The episode starts when Tokuoka was kicked out of CC Corp. Mai and her boyfriend, Tomonari Kasumi, are taken to a due to both of them collapsing while playing a MMORPG called The World. Despite Mai waking up shortly after arriving at the hospital, Tomonari remains in a coma, for this, Mai is the object of rumors, especially when the clubhouse is closed after the incident. It is soon revealed that she heard a certain sound shortly before collapsing, and she discovers that it is A in C major. It was this sound that enabled her to wake up, and she meets Junichiro Tokuoka, and although she distrusts him at the beginning, as they investigate into Tomonaris coma, they soon become allies, if not friends. The investigation itself starts with Tokuoka accessing Tomonaris account on The World, Tokuoka accidentally opens the e-mail, and discovers that two users, Yukichin and Kyo, are close with Tomonari and have been harassing him with e-mails regarding his absence. It is also revealed during the course of the episode that Tomonari took the name Sieg as a contraction of Siegfried, from Richard Wagners operatic cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen. Tokuoka and Mais investigation leads them to break into G-study, in order to attempt to recreate the situation so that they can find out why Mai. The sound starts up again when they enter a field, and although Mai saves herself, in desperation, Mai destroys the monitor and the computer that they were using, and drags him outside, where a splash of rainwater wakes him up. After that, the two pledge to find out just what C. C. Corp. is hiding, and what it will take to wake everyone up. An interesting easter egg is if you turn on the subtitles, in the scene where Tomonaris friend is fixing the computer and those keywords in the Theta server lead to where the Soul Blades reside. Tokuoka and Mai are on their way to meet with Yuki, Tokuoka gets stuck in traffic, and Mai goes to the library in Tokyo to attempt to look up information. During this time, she hears the sound, meanwhile, Yuki is watching a movie when suddenly THE WORLD flashes on the screen, the power goes out, and the employees attempt to evacuate the building. Yuki runs into a woman who works at the building
21.
Manga
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Manga are comics created in Japan or by creators in the Japanese language, conforming to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century. They have a long and complex pre-history in earlier Japanese art, the term manga in Japan is a word used to refer to both comics and cartooning. Manga as a term used outside Japan refers to comics published in Japan. In Japan, people of all ages read manga, many manga are translated into other languages. Since the 1950s, manga has become a major part of the Japanese publishing industry, representing a ¥406 billion market in Japan in 2007. Manga have also gained a significant worldwide audience, in Europe and the Middle East the market was worth $250 million in 2012. In 2008, in the U. S. and Canada, the market was valued at $175 million, the markets in France. Manga stories are printed in black-and-white, although some full-color manga exist. In Japan, manga are usually serialized in manga magazines, often containing many stories. If the series is successful, collected chapters may be republished in tankōbon volumes, frequently but not exclusively, a manga artist typically works with a few assistants in a small studio and is associated with a creative editor from a commercial publishing company. If a manga series is popular enough, it may be animated after or even during its run, sometimes manga are drawn centering on previously existing live-action or animated films. Manga-influenced comics, among original works, exist in parts of the world, particularly in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan. The word manga comes from the Japanese word 漫画, composed of the two kanji 漫 meaning whimsical or impromptu and 画 meaning pictures, rakuten Kitazawa first used the word manga in the modern sense. In Japanese, manga refers to all kinds of cartooning, comics, among English speakers, manga has the stricter meaning of Japanese comics, in parallel to the usage of anime in and outside Japan. The term ani-manga is used to describe comics produced from animation cels, writers on manga history have described two broad and complementary processes shaping modern manga. One view emphasizes events occurring during and after the U. S, occupation of Japan, and stresses U. S. cultural influences, including U. S. comics and images and themes from U. S. television, film, and cartoons. Regardless of its source, an explosion of artistic creativity certainly occurred in the period, involving manga artists such as Osamu Tezuka. Astro Boy quickly became popular in Japan and elsewhere
22.
Massively multiplayer online role-playing game
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As in all RPGs, the player assumes the role of a character and takes control over many of that characters actions. MMORPGs are played throughout the world, worldwide revenues for MMORPGs exceeded half a billion dollars in 2005, and Western revenues exceeded a billion dollars in 2006. In 2008, the spending on subscription MMORPGs by consumers in North American, World of Warcraft, a popular MMORPG, has over 10 million subscribers as of November 2014. World of Warcrafts total revenue was $1.04 billion US dollars in 2014, Star Wars, The Old Republic, released in 2011, became the worlds Fastest-Growing MMOG Ever after gaining more than 1 million subscribers within the first three days of its launch. Although modern MMORPGs sometimes differ dramatically from their decedents, many of them share the basic characteristics. The majority of popular MMORPGs are based on traditional fantasy themes, some employ hybrid themes that either merge or replace fantasy elements with those of science fiction, sword and sorcery, or crime fiction. Still, others draw thematic material from American comic books, the occult, often these elements are developed using similar tasks and scenarios involving quests, monsters, and loot. In nearly all MMORPGs, the development of the character is the primary goal. Traditionally, combat with monsters and completing quests for non-player characters, the accumulation of wealth is also a way to progress in many MMORPGs, and this is also traditionally best accomplished via combat. The cycle produced by these conditions, combat leading to new items allowing for more combat with no change in gameplay, is sometimes referred to as the level treadmill. The role-playing game Progress Quest was created as a parody of this trend, eve Online trains skills in real time rather than using experience points as a measure of progression. In some MMORPGs, there is no limit to a player’s level, MMORPGs that use this model often glorify top ranked players by displaying their avatars on the game’s website or posting their stats on a high score screen. Another common practice is to enforce a maximum level for all players. Once reached, the definition of a player’s progression changes, instead of being awarded primarily with experience for completing quests and dungeons, the player’s motivation to continue playing will be replaced with collecting money and equipment. Often, the range of equipment available at the maximum level will have increased aesthetic value to distinguish high ranking players in game between lower ranked players. Colloquially known as gear, this set of empowered weapons. Player motivation to outperform others is fueled by acquiring such items and is a significant determining factor in their success or failure in combat-related situations, also traditional in the genre is the eventual demand on players to team up with others in order to progress at the optimal rate. This sometimes forces players to change their schedules in order to keep up with the game-world
23.
.hack
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. hack is a Japanese multimedia franchise that encompasses two projects, Project. hack and. hack Conglomerate. Both projects were primarily created/developed by CyberConnect2, and published by Bandai, the series is mainly followed through anime and video game installations, and has been adapted through manga, novels and other related media. Project. hack was the first project of the. hack series and it launched in 2002 with the anime series. hack//Sign in April 2002 and the PlayStation 2 game. hack//Infection in June 2002. Project developers included Koichi Mashimo, Kazunori Ito, and Yoshiyuki Sadamoto, since then, Project. hack has spanned television, video games, manga, and novels. The four volumes, in sequence, are. hack//Infection. hack//Mutation. hack//Outbreak, and. hack//Quarantine. hack//frägment, the first. hack ORPG. It was released in only Japan, and the servers have since closed, ending all official online gameplay. hack//Enemy. The series focuses on a Wavemaster named Tsukasa, a character of a virtual-reality massively multiplayer online role-playing game called The World. Tsukasa wakes up to himself in a dungeon in The World. The situation gets worse when he discovers he is unable to log out and is trapped in the game, from then on, along with other players Tsukasa embarks on a quest to figure out the truth behind his abnormal situation. The series is influenced by psychological and sociological subjects such as anxiety, escapism, the series premiered in Japan on TV Tokyo between April 4,2002 and September 25,2002. It is distributed across North America by Bandai Entertainment. hack//Legend of the Twilight is a twelve episode anime adaption of the series written by Tatsuya Hamazaki. The series was directed by Koichi Mashimo and Koji Sawai, set in a fictional MMORPG, The World, the series focuses on twins Rena and Shugo, who receive chibi avatars in the design of the legendary. hackers known as Kite and BlackRose. After Shugo is given the Twilight Bracelet by a mysterious girl, the anime series features many of the same characters as the manga version, but with an alternative storyline. It was incorrectly called. hack//Dusk, among other names, in early fan-translated versions. hack//Liminality is a set of four DVD OVAs included with the. hack video game series for the PlayStation 2. Liminality is focused on the world as opposed to the games MMORPG The World. Separated into four volumes, each volume was released with its corresponding game, the initial episode is 45 minutes long and each subsequent episode is 30 minutes long. The video series was directed by Koichi Mashimo, written by Kazunori Itō with music by Yuki Kajiura, in Japan, it was available when the Data Flag on the memory card file in. hack//Quarantine was present, whereas the American version included Gift on the fourth Liminality DVD. It is predominantly a comedy that makes fun of everything that developed throughout the series, Character designs are deliberately simplistic. hack//AI buster, a novel released under Project. hack
24.
Avatar (computing)
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In computing, an avatar is the graphical representation of the user or the users alter ego or character. An icon or figure representing a person in a video game, Internet forum. It may take either a form, as in games or virtual worlds, or a two-dimensional form as an icon in Internet forums. Avatar images have also referred to as picons in the past. It can also refer to a text found on early systems such as MUDs. The term avatar can also refer to the personality connected with the name, or handle. Common avatars may be Internet memes, the word avatar originates in Hinduism, where it stands for the descent of a deity in a terrestrial form. The earliest use of the avatar in a computer game was the 1979 PLATO role-playing game Avatar. The use of the avatar for the on-screen representation of the user was coined in 1985 by Richard Garriott for the computer game Ultima IV. In this game, Garriott desired the players character to be his earth self manifested into the virtual world, Garriott did this because he wanted the real player to be responsible for the characters in game actions due to the ethical parables he designed into the story. Only if you were playing yourself Garriott felt, could you be judged based on your characters actions, the term avatar was also used in 1986 by Chip Morningstar in Lucasfilms online role-playing game Habitat. Another early use of the term was in the pen and paper role-playing game Shadowrun, in Norman Spinrads novel Songs from the Stars, the term avatar is used in a description of a computer generated virtual experience. In the story, humans receive messages from an alien galactic network that wishes to share knowledge, the humans build a galactic receiver that describes itself, The galactic receiver is programmed to derive species specific full sensory input data from standard galactic meaning code equations. By controlling your sensorium input along species specific parameters galactic songs astral back-project you into approximation of total involvement in artistically recreated broadcast realities, the use of avatar to mean online virtual bodies was popularised by Neal Stephenson in his cyberpunk novel Snow Crash. In Snow Crash, the avatar was used to describe the virtual simulation of the human form in the Metaverse. Some forums allow the user to upload an image that may have been designed by the user or acquired from elsewhere. Other forums allow the user to select an avatar from a preset list or use an algorithm to extract one from the users homepage. Some avatars are animated, consisting of a sequence of images played repeatedly
25.
Anime
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Anime is Japanese hand-drawn or computer animation. The word is the pronunciation of animation in Japanese, where this term references all animation. Arguably, the abstract approach to the words meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan. For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product, some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism. The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has continued to increase steadily. Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media and it is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences. Anime is an art form with distinctive production methods and techniques that have been adapted over time in response to emergent technologies. It consists of an ideal story-telling mechanism, combining art, characterization, cinematography. The production of anime focuses less on the animation of movement and more on the realism of settings as well as the use of effects, including panning, zooming. Being hand-drawn, anime is separated from reality by a gap of fiction that provides an ideal path for escapism that audiences can immerse themselves into with relative ease. Diverse art styles are used and character proportions and features can be quite varied, the anime industry consists of over 430 production studios, including major names like Studio Ghibli, Gainax, and Toei Animation. Despite comprising only a fraction of Japans domestic film market, anime makes up a majority of Japanese DVD sales and it has also seen international success after the rise of English-dubbed programming. This rise in popularity has resulted in non-Japanese productions using the anime art style. Anime is an art form, specifically animation, that all genres found in cinema. In Japanese, the term refers to all forms of animation from around the world. In English, anime is more used to denote a Japanese-style animated film or television entertainment or as a style of animation created in Japan. The etymology of the anime is disputed. The English term animation is written in Japanese katakana as アニメーション and is アニメ in its shortened form, in English, anime—when used as a common noun—normally functions as a mass noun
26.
San Diego Comic-Con
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San Diego Comic-Con International is a multi-genre entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego, California. The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International, San Diego and it is a four-day event held during the summer at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego. On the Wednesday evening prior to the opening of the event, there is a preview for professionals, exhibitors. Comic-Con International also produces two other conventions, WonderCon, held in Los Angeles, and the Alternative Press Expo and it is also the home of the Will Eisner Awards. In 2010, it filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with more than 130,000 attendees, the convention was founded in 1970 by Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, Mike Towry, Barry Alfonso, Bob Sourk, and Greg Bear. Detroit, Michigan-born, comics fan Shel Dorf, had, in the mid-1960s, mounted the Detroit Triple-Fan Fairs, one of the first commercial comics-fan conventions. When he moved to San Diego, California, in 1970, he organized a convention on March 21,1970. Dorf went on to be associated with the convention as president or manager, variously, Alf co-chaired the first convention with Krueger and became chairman in 1971. Following the initial gathering, Dorfs first three-day San Diego comics convention, other locations in the conventions early years included the El Cortez Hotel, the University of California, San Diego, and Golden Hall, before being moved to the San Diego Convention Center in 1991. I was quietly walking the floor stunned and in awe of just how much bigger it really was, the convention is organized by a panel of 13 board members,16 to 20 full-time and part-time workers, and 80 volunteers who assist via committees. Comic Con International is an organization, and proceeds of the event go to funding it, as well as the Alternative Press Expo. The convention logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Josh Beatman in 1995, in September 2010, the convention announced that it would stay in San Diego through 2015. In 2015, working with Lionsgate, a channel was created to host Comic-Con related content. According to the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau, the convention has a regional economic impact of $162.8 million. Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, there are previews of upcoming feature films, like most comic-book conventions, Comic-Con features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as studios and TV networks, as well as comic-book dealers. And like most comics conventions, Comic-Con includes an area, as well as the Artists Alley where comics artists can sign autographs. Despite the name, artists alleys can include writers and even models, academics and comic industry professionals annually hold the Comics Arts Conference at Comic-Con, presenting scholarly studies on comics as a medium
27.
Artificial intelligence
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Artificial intelligence is intelligence exhibited by machines. Colloquially, the artificial intelligence is applied when a machine mimics cognitive functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as learning. As machines become increasingly capable, mental facilities once thought to require intelligence are removed from the definition, for instance, optical character recognition is no longer perceived as an example of artificial intelligence, having become a routine technology. AI research is divided into subfields that focus on specific problems or on specific approaches or on the use of a tool or towards satisfying particular applications. The central problems of AI research include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural language processing, perception, general intelligence is among the fields long-term goals. Approaches include statistical methods, computational intelligence, and traditional symbolic AI, Many tools are used in AI, including versions of search and mathematical optimization, logic, methods based on probability and economics. The AI field draws upon computer science, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, neuroscience, the field was founded on the claim that human intelligence can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it. Some people also consider AI a danger to humanity if it progresses unabatedly, while thought-capable artificial beings appeared as storytelling devices in antiquity, the idea of actually trying to build a machine to perform useful reasoning may have begun with Ramon Llull. With his Calculus ratiocinator, Gottfried Leibniz extended the concept of the calculating machine, since the 19th century, artificial beings are common in fiction, as in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein or Karel Čapeks R. U. R. The study of mechanical or formal reasoning began with philosophers and mathematicians in antiquity, in the 19th century, George Boole refined those ideas into propositional logic and Gottlob Frege developed a notational system for mechanical reasoning. Around the 1940s, Alan Turings theory of computation suggested that a machine, by shuffling symbols as simple as 0 and 1 and this insight, that digital computers can simulate any process of formal reasoning, is known as the Church–Turing thesis. Along with concurrent discoveries in neurology, information theory and cybernetics, the first work that is now generally recognized as AI was McCullouch and Pitts 1943 formal design for Turing-complete artificial neurons. The field of AI research was born at a conference at Dartmouth College in 1956, attendees Allen Newell, Herbert Simon, John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky and Arthur Samuel became the founders and leaders of AI research. At the conference, Newell and Simon, together with programmer J. C, shaw, presented the first true artificial intelligence program, the Logic Theorist. This spurred tremendous research in the domain, computers were winning at checkers, solving problems in algebra, proving logical theorems. By the middle of the 1960s, research in the U. S. was heavily funded by the Department of Defense and laboratories had been established around the world. AIs founders were optimistic about the future, Herbert Simon predicted, machines will be capable, within twenty years, Marvin Minsky agreed, writing, within a generation. The problem of creating artificial intelligence will substantially be solved and they failed to recognize the difficulty of some of the remaining tasks
28.
Debugging
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Debugging is the process of finding and resolving of defects that prevent correct operation of computer software or a system. The terms bug and debugging are popularly attributed to Admiral Grace Hopper in the 1940s, indeed, in an interview Grace Hopper remarked that she was not coining the term. The moth fit the already existing terminology, so it was saved, a letter from J. Robert Oppenheimer used the term in a letter to Dr. Ernest Lawrence at UC Berkeley, dated October 27,1944, regarding the recruitment of additional technical staff. The Oxford English Dictionary entry for debug quotes the term debugging used in reference to airplane engine testing in a 1945 article in the Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, an article in Airforce also refers to debugging, this time of aircraft cameras. Hoppers bug was found on September 9,1947, the term was not adopted by computer programmers until the early 1950s. The seminal article by Gill in 1951 is the earliest in-depth discussion of programming errors, in the ACMs digital library, the term debugging is first used in three papers from 1952 ACM National Meetings. Two of the three use the term in quotation marks, by 1963 debugging was a common enough term to be mentioned in passing without explanation on page 1 of the CTSS manual. Kidwells article Stalking the Elusive Computer Bug discusses the etymology of bug and debug in greater detail. Instead, an assessment can be made to determine if changes to remove an anomaly would be cost-effective for the system. Not all issues are life-critical or mission-critical in a system, also, it is important to avoid the situation where a change might be more upsetting to users, long-term, than living with the known problem. Debugging ranges in complexity from fixing simple errors to performing lengthy and tiresome tasks of data collection, analysis, debuggers are software tools which enable the programmer to monitor the execution of a program, stop it, restart it, set breakpoints, and change values in memory. The term debugger can also refer to the person who is doing the debugging, generally, high-level programming languages, such as Java, make debugging easier, because they have features such as exception handling that make real sources of erratic behaviour easier to spot. In programming languages such as C or assembly, bugs may cause silent problems such as memory corruption, in those cases, memory debugger tools may be needed. In certain situations, general purpose software tools that are specific in nature can be very useful. These take the form of code analysis tools. These tools look for a specific set of known problems, some common and some rare. All such issues detected by these tools would rarely be picked up by a compiler or interpreter, thus they are not syntax checkers, some tools claim to be able to detect 300+ unique problems. Both commercial and free tools exist in various languages and these tools can be extremely useful when checking very large source trees, where it is impractical to do code walkthroughs
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Editorial Ivrea
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Editorial Ivrea is an Argentine manga and comics publisher that publishes in Argentina, Spain and Finland. They also published Lazer, a magazine which was specialized in anime, comics, manga, series, the magazine has an acid humor and has also organized parties in Argentina. On June 15,2008, they started Lazer Royale, in which they made Concourse for cosplayers, famous singers Nobuo Yamada and Ricardo Cruz also appeared during the event. During August 2009, Ivrea announced the end of Lazers publication due to issues with Shueisha. Editorial Ivrea was founded in 1997 in Argentina, and since then, initially, they published manga volumes of 200 pages and others of 100 pages, which are half of the tankōbon format. Later, they started releasing manwhua and Argentinian comics, including EL NEGRO BLANCO, the Spanish publisher specializes in comics focused on different ages and has also released South American and European books, as well as artbooks from manga series
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Editora JBC
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Editora JBC is a company that publishes books and magazines related to Japan in Brazil. It has its headquarters in São Paulo and this company was established in Tokyo, Japan, in 1992 to publish Portuguese newspapers for Brazilians who live in Japan. And it came to publish books and magazines related to Japan also in Brazil, now this publisher is also known as a manga publisher in Brazil. Since 2006, the company supports the World Cosplay Summit, an annual international cosplay event, JBC is more well known in Brazil than in Japan, although it is a Japanese company. The meaning of the name JBC of the company is Japan Brazil Communication, the formal name of the company is JB Communication, the name of the branch office in Brazil is JB Communication do Brasil Ltda. In the publication, being described only as JBC is usual, tudo Bem - The newspaper written in Portuguese for the Brazilians in Japan. - The gratis-magazine written in Portuguese for the Brazilians in Japan, made in Japan - The monthly magazine that introduces various things of Japan. And JBC publishes manga and books related to Japan only in Brazil and this company entered the publication of manga in 2001 with Samurai X. JBC is generally known as a publisher of manga and the second biggest manga publisher in Brazil now. The manga of these Portuguese editions is sold only in Brazil, the catchphrase is Mangá é a nossa língua. Saint Seiya, The Lost Canvas Sep, tenjho Tenge Feb. Futari Ecchi May. Blue Dragon - Ral Ω Grad Apr, town of Evening Calm, Country of Cherry Blossoms Set. Neon Genesis Evangelion Oct. Fairy Tail 2011 Jan. Code Geass, death Note - Another Note Ago. Code Geass, Suzaku of the Counterattack Set, death Note - L Change the World Oct. Neon Genesis Evangelion - Tankōbon Version Oct. Rosario + Vampire, Season II Nov. Kobato Nov. Code Geass, Nightmare of Nunnally 2012 Jan. Saint Seiya - Tankōbon Version Mar, cardcaptor Sakura - Tankōbon Version Jul. Saint Seiya, The Lost Canvas – Anecdotes Set, mashima-En Oct. RG Veda Oct. Nurarihyon no Mago Nov. Rurouni Kenshin - Tankōbon Version 2013 Jan. Future Diary Feb. Burn-Up, Excess & W Feb, death Note - Black Edition Jun. Thermae Romae Oct. Inazuma Eleven Oct. Magic Knight Rayearth - Tankōbon Version Dec. Ōsama Game Dec. Manga of the dead 2014 Feb. Btooom, the Lucifer and Biscuit Hammer Jul. Magi, The Labyrinth of Magic Sep, Hoshi Mamoru Inu Oct. Chikyuu no Houkago Oct. Tom Sawyer Oct. YuYu Hakusho - Tankōbon Version Nov. Calling You Nov. Soul Eater Not
31.
Carlsen Verlag
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Carlsen Verlag is a subsidiary of the homonymous Danish publishing house which in turn belongs to the Swedish media company Bonnier. The branch was founded on 25 April 1953 in Hamburg, the publishers program focuses on books for children, i. e. Harry Potter, Rugrats, and The Adventures of Tintin. By 2005 Carlsen Comics, the comic division, had grown to be one of the three biggest comic publishers in Germany. Carlsen is one of the ten biggest publishers of childrens books, daisuki Petzi Sky Doll Official website
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Sangatsu Manga
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Sangatsu Manga is a major manga publisher in Finland. Its a division of Tammi Publishers, in 2003 it became the first Finnish publisher to sell manga in convenience stores and supermarkets, which triggered the current wave of manga publishing in Finland
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Bonnier Group
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Bonnier AB is a privately held Swedish media group of 175 companies operating in 15 countries. It is controlled by the Bonnier family, the company was started in 1804 by Gerhard Bonnier in Copenhagen, Denmark, when Bonnier published his first book, Underfulde og sandfærdige kriminalhistorier. Gerhards sons later moved to Sweden, Bonnier Tidskrifter publishes magazines, including Veckans Affärer, Damernas Värld, Amelia, Sköna Hem, Teknikens Värld, Resume, nearly a dozen crossword magazines, and the tablet magazine C Mode. In Germany, Bonnier Media Deutschland includes Ullstein Buchverlage, Piper Verlag, Thienemann Verlag and Carlsen Verlag, in Norway, along with magazines from Bonnier Media and the movie chain SF Kino and film distribution company SF Norge, subsidiaries include book publisher Cappelen Damm. In January 2007, the Bonnier Magazine Group acquired 18 magazines from Time Inc, book publisher Weldon Owen is also part of the company. Bonnier Publishing USA was formed in August 2016, composed of the publisher Weldon Owen, the president of Little Bee, Shimul Tolia has become the CEO of this group. Bonnier owns business newspapers in Estonia, Lithuania, Poland and Slovenia, as well as journals in Denmark, Norway, Finland, Poland. Bonnier is also several digital startups, including the tablet publishing platform Mag+ and childrens toy app producer. Bonnier is controlled by around 75 family members, including some seventh-generation heirs, some well-known relatives and descendants of the Bonnier family include, In January 2007, the Bonnier Magazine Group agreed to acquire 18 magazines that Time Inc. was divesting. s Time4 Media Group. Also included were Parenting, and Babytalk, which were part of the Parenting Group and that price was believed to be a multiple of about 11 times cash flow for a group that had net income of around US$20 million and revenue of around $230 million. We think we did a deal, and we think Time did as well, said Jonas Bonnier. Official website Company Overview of Bonnier AB by Bloomberg Businessweek
