1.
New Zealand
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New Zealand /njuːˈziːlənd/ is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses—the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Māui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu—and around 600 smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal, the countrys varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealands capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland, sometime between 1250 and 1300 CE, Polynesians settled in the islands that later were named New Zealand and developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand, in 1840, representatives of Britain and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, which declared British sovereignty over the islands. In 1841, New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire, today, the majority of New Zealands population of 4.7 million is of European descent, the indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and Pacific Islanders. Reflecting this, New Zealands culture is derived from Māori and early British settlers. The official languages are English, Māori and New Zealand Sign Language, New Zealand is a developed country and ranks highly in international comparisons of national performance, such as health, education, economic freedom and quality of life. Since the 1980s, New Zealand has transformed from an agrarian, Queen Elizabeth II is the countrys head of state and is represented by a governor-general. In addition, New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes, the Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau, the Cook Islands and Niue, and the Ross Dependency, which is New Zealands territorial claim in Antarctica. New Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Pacific Islands Forum, and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Dutch explorer Abel Tasman sighted New Zealand in 1642 and called it Staten Landt, in 1645, Dutch cartographers renamed the land Nova Zeelandia after the Dutch province of Zeeland. British explorer James Cook subsequently anglicised the name to New Zealand, Aotearoa is the current Māori name for New Zealand. It is unknown whether Māori had a name for the country before the arrival of Europeans. Māori had several names for the two main islands, including Te Ika-a-Māui for the North Island and Te Waipounamu or Te Waka o Aoraki for the South Island. Early European maps labelled the islands North, Middle and South, in 1830, maps began to use North and South to distinguish the two largest islands and by 1907, this was the accepted norm. The New Zealand Geographic Board discovered in 2009 that the names of the North Island and South Island had never been formalised and this set the names as North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui, and South Island or Te Waipounamu
2.
Internet
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The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite to link devices worldwide. The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States federal government in the 1960s to build robust, the primary precursor network, the ARPANET, initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1980s. Although the Internet was widely used by academia since the 1980s, Internet use grew rapidly in the West from the mid-1990s and from the late 1990s in the developing world. In the two decades since then, Internet use has grown 100-times, measured for the period of one year, newspaper, book, and other print publishing are adapting to website technology, or are reshaped into blogging, web feeds and online news aggregators. The entertainment industry was initially the fastest growing segment on the Internet, the Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries, the Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage, each constituent network sets its own policies. The term Internet, when used to refer to the global system of interconnected Internet Protocol networks, is a proper noun. In common use and the media, it is not capitalized. Some guides specify that the word should be capitalized when used as a noun, the Internet is also often referred to as the Net, as a short form of network. Historically, as early as 1849, the word internetted was used uncapitalized as an adjective, the designers of early computer networks used internet both as a noun and as a verb in shorthand form of internetwork or internetworking, meaning interconnecting computer networks. The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used interchangeably in everyday speech, however, the World Wide Web or the Web is only one of a large number of Internet services. The Web is a collection of interconnected documents and other web resources, linked by hyperlinks, the term Interweb is a portmanteau of Internet and World Wide Web typically used sarcastically to parody a technically unsavvy user. The ARPANET project led to the development of protocols for internetworking, the third site was the Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics Center at the University of California, Santa Barbara, followed by the University of Utah Graphics Department. In an early sign of growth, fifteen sites were connected to the young ARPANET by the end of 1971. These early years were documented in the 1972 film Computer Networks, early international collaborations on the ARPANET were rare. European developers were concerned with developing the X.25 networks, in December 1974, RFC675, by Vinton Cerf, Yogen Dalal, and Carl Sunshine, used the term internet as a shorthand for internetworking and later RFCs repeated this use. Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation funded the Computer Science Network, in 1982, the Internet Protocol Suite was standardized, which permitted worldwide proliferation of interconnected networks.5 Mbit/s and 45 Mbit/s. Commercial Internet service providers emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990
3.
Kiwi (people)
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Kiwi is the nickname used internationally for people from New Zealand, as well as being a relatively common self-reference. The name derives from the kiwi, a bird, which is native to. Unlike many demographic labels, its usage is not considered offensive, it is viewed as a symbol of pride. In the early 1900s New Zealanders—including soldiers and the All Blacks—were referred to as En Zeds, Fernleaves and this usage was still in place near the end of World War I. However, although New Zealand soldiers were described as Diggers or Pig Islanders. The kiwi had appeared on military badges since the South Canterbury Battalion used it in 1886, Kiwi came to mean first the men of New Zealand regiments and then all New Zealanders. Many troops stayed in Europe for months or years until transport home could be arranged, the Oxford English Dictionary gives the first use of the Kiwi to mean New Zealander in 1918, in the New Zealand Expeditionary Force Chronicles. The nickname Kiwis for New Zealand servicemen eventually became common usage in all war theatres, following World War II the term was gradually attributed to all New Zealanders and today, throughout the world they are referred to as Kiwis, as well as often referring to themselves that way. Spelling of the word Kiwi, when used to describe the people, is often capitalised, the birds name is spelt with a lower-case k and, being a word of Māori origin, normally stays as kiwi when pluralised. Thus, two Kiwis refers to two people, whereas two kiwi refers to two birds and this linguistic nicety is well exemplified by the BNZ Save the Kiwi Conservation Trust, which uses the slogan Kiwis saving kiwi. kiwi, an internet domain name
4.
Television New Zealand
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Television New Zealand, Limited, more commonly referred to as TVNZ, is a government-owned national broadcaster broadcasting in New Zealand and parts of the Pacific region. Although the network identifies as a national, part-public broadcaster, it is fully commercially funded and this began the battle for ratings with the only real rival MediaWorks New Zealand, which currently operates channels TV3, Bravo, and The Edge TV. However, the company maintains a number of transmission advantages due to their long standing relationship with the state-owned sister company Kordia. Its former channels include TVNZ Kidzone, TVNZ Heartland, TVNZ U, TVNZ7, TVNZ6, the TVNZ board is appointed by Minister of Broadcasting Amy Adams. Members are, the chairman Sir John Anderson KBE, Anne Blackburn, Bryan Gould CNZM, Sir John Goulter, KNZM, JP, June McCabe, approximately 90% of TVNZs revenue is from commercial activity. The remainder of its funding comes from government funding agencies, TVNZ was created in 1980, through the merger of Television One and South Pacific Television. Until 1988, it was paired with Radio New Zealand as the Broadcasting Corporation of New Zealand, in 1989, TVNZ moved to a new television centre in central Auckland. Broadcasting in New Zealand was deregulated in 1989, the Labour-led government under Helen Clark from 1999 to 2008 pursued a programme of public broadcasting reforms. New Zealands wide-ranging adoption of policies in the mid-1980s and 1990s had large sections of the state sector privatised. As a state owned enterprise, TVNZ enjoyed enormous commercial success, the Clark governments highest profile broadcasting reform to date was the restructuring of TVNZ as a Crown Entity in 2003. This introduced a dual remit whereby the broadcaster had to maintain its performance while simultaneously implementing a new public service Charter. The TVNZ Charter would require the negotiation and reconciliation of potentially contradictory commercial, the final version of the TVNZ Charter included a range of public service objectives and expectations. TVNZ continues to pay dividends to the Crown, however, from 2006 until 2009 TVNZ received $15.11 million each year from Government to assist it with fulfilling Charter obligations. There was much debate about the secrecy surrounding funding allocations. The allocation of $5 million toward coverage of the 2008 Olympics, in 2009 the Government gave control of that funding to funding agency NZ On Air. NZ On Air announced the creation of the contestable Platinum Fund in April 2009, setting aside the $15.11 million for high quality drama, documentary and other programme types. Following the election of a National Party-led government under John Key in 2008, there is much debate on the future of TVNZ, which focuses on the nature of public service broadcasting and its commercial role. An example was in a memo called A More Public Broadcaster written by outgoing Chief Executive Ian Fraser to the board of TVNZ in October 2005, was obtained and released by Green MP Sue Kedgley
5.
GoDaddy
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GoDaddy Inc. is an American publicly traded Internet domain registrar and web hosting company. As of December 2014, GoDaddy served approximately 13 million customers and had 4,908 employees worldwide, the company is known for its advertising. It has been involved in controversies related to censorship. GoDaddy was founded in 1997 by Baltimore, Maryland, entrepreneur Bob Parsons, prior to GoDaddy, Parsons sold his financial software services company, Parsons Technology, Inc. to Intuit for $64m in 1994. Parsons came out of his retirement in 1997 to launch Jomax Technologies, GoDaddy received a strategic investment from top venture capital funds, KKR, Silver Lake, and Technology Crossover Ventures. In 1999, a group of employees at Jomax Technologies were brainstorming, an employee said, How about Big Daddy. However, the name had already been purchased. Parsons replied, How about Go Daddy, the name was available, so he bought it. Parsons said the company stuck with the name because it made people smile, the company changed its name branding from Go Daddy to GoDaddy in February 2006. In 2001, soon after Network Solutions was no longer the place to register a domain, GoDaddy was approximately the same size as competitors Dotster. In April 2005, GoDaddy became the largest ICANN-accredited registrar on the Internet, in July 2012, GoDaddy announced it would acquire Outright for an undisclosed amount. In August 2013, GoDaddy announced it would acquire Locu for $70 million, in September 2013, GoDaddy acquired domain marketplace Afternic from NameMedia. GoDaddy will also acquire domain parking service SmartName and business name generator NameFind, on October 15,2013, GoDaddy acquired web hosting service provider Media Temple. In a newsletter sent to its customers, Media Temple said that they will continue operating as an independent, in July 2014, GoDaddy acquired Canary, a small Cambridge-based smart calendar service. On August 20,2014, GoDaddy acquired Mad Mimi, a Brooklyn-based email marketing service, in April 2015 and November 2015, GoDaddy acquired the domain portfolios of Marchex and Worldwide Media respectively. On May 17,2016, GoDaddy acquired FreedomVoice for $42 million in cash, FreedomVoice is a provider of cloud-based VoIP phone systems across the United States. On December 6,2016, GoDaddy announced its acquisition of Host Europe Group, in 2013, GoDaddy was reported as the largest ICANN-accredited registrar in the world, at the size of four times their closest competitor. They also have a 270,000 square foot facility in Phoenix,2010 – BBB of Great Arizona Business Ethics Awards finalist
6.
.eus
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. eus is the top-level domain for the Basque language. In 2008, dotCYMRU, dotEUS, dotSCOT, and dotBZH formed ECLID, on 10 June 2013, ICANN approved the creation of the domain. However, use of the name was restricted until March–April 2014
7.
ICANN
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ICANN performs the actual technical maintenance work of the central Internet address pools and DNS root zone registries pursuant to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority function contract. The numbering facilities ICANN manages include the Internet Protocol address spaces for IPv4 and IPv6, ICANN also maintains registries of Internet Protocol identifiers. ICANN was created on September 18,1998, and incorporated on September 30,1998 and it is headquartered in the Playa Vista neighborhood of Los Angeles. In 1997 Postel testified before Congress that this had come about as a task to this research work. The Information Sciences Institute was funded by the U. S. Department of Defense, as was SRI Internationals Network Information Center, which also performed some assigned name functions. As the Internet grew and expanded globally, the U. S. Department of Commerce initiated a process to establish a new organization to perform the IANA functions. The proposed rule making, or Green Paper, was published in the Federal Register on February 20,1998, NTIA received more than 650 comments as of March 23,1998, when the comment period closed. ICANN was formed in response to this policy, ICANN managed the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority under contract to the United States Department of Commerce and pursuant to an agreement with the IETF. ICANN was incorporated in California on September 30,1998, with entrepreneur and it is a nonprofit public benefit corporation organized under the California Nonprofit Public Benefit Corporation Law for charitable and public purposes. ICANN was established in California due to the presence of Jon Postel, ICANN formerly operated from the same Marina del Rey building where Postel formerly worked, which is home to an office of the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California. However, ICANNs headquarters is now located in the nearby Playa Vista neighborhood of Los Angeles and they were also required to be financially independent from ICANN. On July 26,2006, the United States government renewed the contract with ICANN for performance of the IANA function for a one to five years. The context of ICANNs relationship with the U. S. government was clarified on September 29,2006 when ICANN signed a new Memorandum of Understanding with the United States Department of Commerce and this document gave the DOC oversight over some of the ICANN operations. During July 2008, the DOC reiterated a statement that it has no plans to transition management of the authoritative root zone file to ICANN. The letter also stresses the separate roles of the IANA and VeriSign, on September 30,2009, ICANN signed an agreement with the DOC that confirmed ICANNs commitment to a multistakeholder governance model, but did not remove it from DOC oversight and control. On March 10,2016, ICANN and the DOC signed a historic, culminating agreement to finally remove ICANN and IANA from the control, on October 1,2016, ICANN was freed from U. S. government oversight. During September and October 2003, ICANN played a role in the conflict over VeriSigns wild card DNS service Site Finder. After an open letter from ICANN issuing an ultimatum to VeriSign, later endorsed by the Internet Architecture Board, after this action, VeriSign filed a lawsuit against ICANN on February 27,2004, claiming that ICANN had exceeded its authority
8.
.club
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. club, often stylized as. CLUB and sometimes dot-club, is a top-level domain. It was proposed in ICANNs new generic top-level domain program, and became available to the public on May 7,2014. Club Domains. In June 2013. Club Domains, LLC acquired the. club gTLD through an auction after raising $7 million from 27 individual investors. Colin Campbell, the chief executive officer, declined to reveal the final auction price. Club was the first new gTLD acquired via private auction, unsuccessful applicants competing for the gTLD were Donuts and the Merchant Law Group LLP. According to The Domains, Those now using a web address ending in. club include brands, celebrities, sports figures, innovative entrepreneurs and startups, associations, and clubs around the globe. Tens of thousands of clubs, business and individuals are using a. club address for their web presence, from Rotary Clubs, to school clubs. Prominent individuals using the extension include rapper 50 Cent, professional basketball player Tyler Johnson, and Indian cricket star Virat Kohli
9.
The New Zealand Herald
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The New Zealand Herald is a daily newspaper published in Auckland, New Zealand, owned by New Zealand Media and Entertainment. Its main circulation area is the Auckland region and it is also delivered to much of the north of the North Island including Northland, Waikato and King Country. The New Zealand Herald was founded by William Chisholm Wilson, Wilson had been a partner with John Williamson in the New Zealander, but left to start a rival daily newspaper as he saw a business opportunity with Auckland’s rapidly growing population. He had also split with Williamson because Wilson supported the war against the Māori while Williamson opposed it, the Herald also promoted a more constructive relationship between the North and South Islands. After the New Zealander closed in 1866 The Daily Southern Cross provided competition, the Daily Southern Cross was first published in 1843 by William Brown as The Southern Cross and had been a daily since 1862. Vogel sold out of the paper in 1873 and Alfred Horton bought it in 1876, in 1876 the Wilson family and Horton joined in partnership and The New Zealand Herald absorbed The Daily Southern Cross. In 1879 the United Press Association was formed so that the daily papers could share news stories. The organisation became the New Zealand Press Association in 1942, in 1892, the New Zealand Herald, Otago Daily Times, and Press agreed to share the costs of a London correspondent and advertising salesman. The New Zealand Press Association closed in 2011, the Herald is now owned by New Zealand Media and Entertainment. That company is owned by Sydney-based APN News & Media and the Radio Network, dita de Boni was a columnist for the newspaper, writing her first columns for the NZ Herald in 1995. From 2012 -2015 she wrote a business and politics column until – after a series of articles critical of the Key government – the Herald discontinued her column due to financial reasons. Gordon Minhinnick was a staff cartoonist from the 1930s until his retirement in the 1980s, malcolm Evans was fired from his position as staff cartoonist in 2003 after the newspaper received complaints about his cartoons on the conflict between Israel and Palestine. Laurence Clark was the political cartoonist from 1987 to 1996. On 10 September 2012, the Herald moved to a format for weekday editions. The broadsheet format was retained for the Saturday edition, in April 2007, APN NZ announced it was outsourcing the bulk of the Heralds copy editing to an Australian-owned company, Pagemasters. The Herald is traditionally a centre-right newspaper, and was given the nickname Granny Herald into the 1990s, on domestic matters, editorial opinion is centrist, usually supporting socially conservative values. In 2007, an editorial strongly disapproved of some legislation introduced by the Labour-led government, the Herald published Baileys name, photo, and comments after she had retracted permission for Glucina to do so. The council said there was an “element of subterfuge” in Glucinas actions, in its ruling the council said that, “The NZ Herald has fallen sadly short of those standards in this case. ”The Heralds editor denied the accusations of subterfuge
10.
Stuff (magazine)
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Stuff is a British mens magazine featuring reviews of consumer electronics and previews of future technology. International editions such as published in the United States include other articles of interest to a predominantly male audience. Stuff was first published in Britain in November 1996 by Dennis Publishing, a bi-monthly title, it followed the success of magazines such as FHM and Loaded in being pitched toward a young, male audience, with a focus on consumer goods and electronics. Facing declining circulation, its focus became more lifestyle orientated in 1998, rival publishing group Haymarket bought the title in January 1999, taking over publication from the issue dated February 1999 and refocusing the magazine to consumer electronics. In June 2007, private equity firm Quadrangle Group acquired Dennis Publishings US arm, later that year it announced that Stuff would cease publication as an independent title, returning to its origins as a regular section within Maxim, as of the latter titles November 2007 issue. Stuff often has a scantily clad woman on the cover, posing with the product covered in that editions main feature, there are multiple in-depth features, such as product reviews of laptops, digital audio players, technology editorials, digital cameras as well as advertising. Regular features include an adrenaline junkie article, and speculative pages about upcoming technology, such as the rumour mill, hot Stuff is the news section that features new or unreleased products. Top 10s of currently available items are featured toward the back of the magazine and these include products portable media players, phones, computers, laptops, digital cameras, televisions, video recorders, hi-fi, home cinema, gaming, home and sports. Like the vast majority of the magazine market in the UK. The magazine has undergone a number of redesigns during its lifetime, the US edition of Stuff was launched in 1999 by Dennis Publishing, Inc. the US arm of British publishing group Dennis Publishing. In June 2007, all but one of Denniss US titles were sold to private equity firm Quadrangle Group, founded in 2004, Stuff Magazine Malaysia is one of the countrys leading and best-selling consumer electronics, technology and lifestyle magazines. It is Published by Catcha Lifestyle Publications Sdn, Stuff magazine has been locally published in Singapore since 2004. The magazine gained recognition and established itself as a name in the consumer electronics. Its website launched in December 2013, the magazine was also relaunched and published by content owner Haymarket Media Group. Stuff India, the Indian edition of Stuff, launched on 1 December 2008 with a price of Rs.100. The magazine launched with a print run of 40,000 copies, Stuff India is edited by Nishant Padhiar, formerly the editor of T3 and consultant editor on AV MAX. Stuff South Africa was published under license by Times Media between 2007 and December 2012, in November 2012 the publishers announced that the licence had not been renewed, but that a new publishing venture would continue the title. Circulation has been recorded at 25,811, Stuff México was published under license by Grupo Medios starting June 2012
11.
Computerworld
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Computerworld is a publication website and digital magazine for information technology and business technology professionals. It is published in countries around the world under the same or similar names. Each countrys version of Computerworld includes original content and is managed independently, the parent company of Computerworld US is IDG Communications. Computerworld US serves IT and business management with coverage of technology, emerging technologies, career information. Computerworld articles frequently criticizes the effects of immigration to the U. S. on U. S. software engineers, the editor-in-chief of Computerworld in the U. S. When IDG established the Swedish edition in 1983, the title Computerworld was already registered in Sweden by another publisher and this is why the Swedish edition is named Computer Sweden. It is distributed as a newspaper in tabloid format in 51,000 copies with an estimated 120,000 readers. From 1999 to 2008, it was published three days a week, but since 2009, it is published only on Tuesdays and Fridays, in June 2014, Computerworld US abandoned its print edition, becoming an exclusively digital publication. In late July 2014, Computerworld debuted the monthly Computerworld Digital Magazine
12.
.kaufen
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. kaufen is a proposed top-level domain in ICANNs New gTLD Program. The proposed application succeeded and was delegated to the Root Zone on 29 December 2013, global in scope, today a passionate group of millions of consumers and hundreds of thousands of organizations identify with this word. The mission and purpose of the. kaufen TLD is to establish an easily recognized and accessible namespace for the German-speaking portion of this large, the. kaufen TLD is proposed by United TLD Holdco Ltd
New Zealand