1.
2000s (decade)
–
The 2000s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1,2000, and ended on December 31,2009. The growth of the Internet contributed to globalization during the decade, in the English-speaking world, a name for the decade was never universally accepted in the same manner as for decades such as the 80s, the 90s, etc. Orthographically, the decade can be written as the 2000s or the 00s, some people read 2000s as two-thousands, and thus simply refer to the decade as the Two-Thousands, the Twenty Hundreds, or the Twenty-ohs. Some read it as the 00s, while others referred to it as the Zeros, on January 1,2000, the BBC listed the noughties, as a potential moniker for the new decade. This has become a name for the decade in the UK and Australia. Others have advocated the term the aughts, a widely used at the beginning of the 20th century for its first decade. The American Dialect Society holds an annual poll for word of the year. For 2009, the winner in the least likely to succeed category was Any name of the decade 2000–2009, such as, Noughties, Aughties, Oughties, etc. When the 20- is dropped, the years within the decade are usually referred to as starting with an oh. The option aught-seven, for reason, has never caught on idiomatically. When the 20- is retained, two options are available in speech, both of which have idiomatic currency, two thousand seven in American English or twenty-oh-seven, during the 2000s decade, it was more common to hear the first pattern than the second. The War on Terror and War in Afghanistan began after the September 11 attacks in 2001, the International Criminal Court was formed in 2002. A United States-led coalition invaded Iraq, and the Iraq War led to the end of Saddam Husseins rule as Iraqi President, Al-Qaeda and affiliated Islamist militant groups performed terrorist acts throughout the decade. These acts included the 2004 Madrid train bombings, 7/7 London bombings in 2005, the European Union expanded its sanctions amid Irans failure to comply with its transparency obligations under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and United Nations resolutions. Additional armed conflict occurred in the Middle East, including between Israel and Hezbollah, then with Israel and Hamas, cooperative international rescue missions by many countries from around the world helped in efforts by the most affected nations to rebuild and recover from the devastation. An enormous loss of life and property came in 2005. The resulting political fallout was severely damaging to the George W. Bush administration because of its failure to act promptly and effectively. In 2008, Barack Obama was elected President of the United States, the campaigns were launched by the United States, with support from NATO and other allies, following the September 11,2001 attacks that were carried out by al-Qaeda
2.
1900s (decade)
–
The 1900s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1,1900, and ended on December 31,1909. The term nineteen-hundreds can also equally be used for the years 1900–1999, the Edwardian era covers a similar span of time. There are several varieties of how individual years of the decade are pronounced in English. Using 1906 as an example, they are nineteen-oh-six, nineteen-six, which variety is most prominent depends somewhat on global region and generation. In American English, nineteen-oh-six is the most common, nineteen-six is less common, nineteen-ought-six is recognized, the strength of the comedic effect diminished during the aughts of the next century, as the public grew used to questioning how to refer to an ohs or aughts decade. Russo-Japanese War establishes the Empire of Japan as a world power, battle of Riyadh was a minor battle of the Unification of Saudi Arabia. Battle of Dilam was a battle of the Unification War between Rashidi and Saudi rebels. First Saudi–Rashidi War was engaged between the Saudi loyal forces of the newborn Emirate of Riyadh versus the Emirate of Hail, demand for Home Rule for Ireland Herero and Namaqua Genocide in German South-West Africa. January 1,1901, British colonies in Australia federate, forming the Commonwealth of Australia May 20,1902 — Cuba gains independence from the United States, june 7,1905 — The Norwegian Parliament declares the union with Sweden dissolved, and Norway achieves full independence. October 5,1908 — Bulgaria declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire, April 19,1902 — A magnitude 7.5 earthquake rocks Guatemala, killing 2,000. May 8,1902 — In Martinique, Mount Pelée erupts, destroying the town of Saint-Pierre, April 7,1906 — Mount Vesuvius erupts and devastates Naples. September 18,1906 — A typhoon and tsunami kill an estimated 10,000 in Hong Kong, January 14,1907 — An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than 1,000. December 28,1908 — An earthquake and tsunami destroys Messina, Sicily and Calabria, April 26,1900 — The Great Lumber Fire of Ottawa–Hull kills 7 and leaves 15,000 homeless. The fire began on a wharf and spread to the adjacent piers, warehouses, may 3,1901 — The Great Fire of 1901 begins in Jacksonville, FL, USA. July 10,1902 – The Rolling Mill Mine disaster in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, August 10,1903 — Paris Métro train fire. December 30,1903 — A fire at the Iroquois Theater in Chicago, February 7,1904 — The Great Baltimore Fire in Baltimore, USA destroys over 1,500 buildings in 30 hours. June 15,1904 — A fire aboard the steamboat General Slocum in New York Citys East River kills 1,021, june 28,1904 — The Danish ocean liner SS Norge runs aground and sinks close to Rockall, killing 635, including 225 Norwegian emigrants. January 22,1906 — The SS Valencia strikes a reef off Vancouver Island, Canada, the 1900s were marked by several notable assassinations and assassination attempts, July 29,1900 — King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by Italian-born anarchist Gaetano Bresci
3.
1800s (decade)
–
The 1800s decade lasted from January 1,1800, to December 31,1809. French power rose quickly, conquering most of Europe by the end of the decade, on 9 November 1799, Napoleon overthrew the French government, replacing it with the Consulate, in which he was First Consul. On 2 December 1804, after an assassination plot, he crowned himself Emperor. On 2 December 1805, Napoleon defeated a numerically superior Austro-Russian army at Austerlitz, forcing Austrias withdrawal from the coalition and dissolving the Holy Roman Empire. In 1806, a Fourth Coalition was set up, on 14 October Napoleon defeated the Prussians at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, marched through Germany, the Treaties of Tilsit divided Europe between France and Russia and created the Duchy of Warsaw. The War of the Fifth Coalition, fought in the year 1809, pitted a coalition of the Austrian Empire, major engagements between France and Austria, the main participants, unfolded over much of Central Europe from April to July, with very high casualty rates. After much campaigning in Bavaria and across the Danube valley, the war ended favorably for the French after the struggle at Wagram in early July. End of the White Lotus Rebellion, an uprising against the Qing Dynasty in China, beginning of the Russo-Turkish War between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. The First Barbary War is fought between the United States and the Barbary States of North Africa, the Fulani War is fought in present-day Nigeria and Cameroon. The First Serbian Uprising marks the first time in 300 years Serbia perceives itself an independent state, haiti gains independence from France on January 1,1804. This decade marked the height of the Atlantic slave trade to the United States, during the period of 1798 and 1808, approximately 200,000 slaves were imported from Africa to the United States. Still, the abolitionist movement began to ground in this period. Britain enacted the Slave Trade Act 1807, which barred the trade of slaves in Great Britain, the United States enacted a similar ban in 1808. However, Napoleon revoked the French Empires ban on slavery with the Law of 20 May 1802. 1801 Under the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801, Washington, D. C. a new planned city, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merge into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801. 1803 United States doubles its size with territories gained from Napoleon Bonaparte in the Louisiana Purchase and this decade contained some of the earliest experiments in electrochemistry. In 1800 Alessandro Volta constructed a voltaic pile, the first device to produce an electric current. Napoleon, informed of his works, summoned him in 1801 for a performance of his experiments
4.
1700s (decade)
–
January 26 – At approximately 9 p. m. the Cascadia earthquake occurred with an estimated moment magnitude of 8. 7–9.2. This megathrust earthquake ruptured about 1,000 kilometers of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, February 3 – The Lesser Great Fire destroys a substantial part of central Edinburgh, Scotland. February 12 – The Great Northern War begins with a joint invasion of Swedish territory in Germany and Latvia by Denmark, Sweden has control of the Baltic Sea and holds territory that includes Finland, Estonia, Latvia and parts of northern Germany. To challenge its power, an alliance is formed between Tsar Peter I of Russia, King Frederick IV of Denmark and Augustus II the Strong, King of Poland, Swedens ruler is the militaristic Charles XII, known as the Swedish Meteor. February 27 – Island of New Britain discovered by William Dampier in the western Pacific, March 1 – Protestant Germany and Denmark–Norway adopt the Gregorian calendar. March 1, March 11, February 29 – Swedish calendar adopted, early March – William Congreves comedy The Way of the World is first performed in London. March 25 – Treaty of London signed between France, England and Holland, april – Fire destroys many buildings in Gondar, the capital of Ethiopia, including two in the palace complex. May 5 Within a few days of John Drydens death, his last written work is performed as part of Vanbrughs version of The Pilgrim, William Penn begins monthly meetings for blacks advocating emancipation. July 11 – The Prussian Academy of Sciences is founded with Gottfried Leibniz as president, summer – Charles XII of Sweden counter-attacks his enemies by invading Zealand, assisted by an Anglo-Dutch naval squadron under Sir George Rooke, rapidly compelling the Danes to submit to peace. August 18 – Peace of Travendal concluded between the Swedish Empire, Denmark–Norway and Holstein-Gottorp in Traventhal, on the same day, Augustus II, King of Poland, and Peter the Great, Tsar of Russia, enter the war against Sweden. Late summer – A Russian army invades Swedish Estonia and besieges the town of Narva, November 1 – Charles II, last Spanish king of the House of Habsburg, dies insane at the Royal Alcazar of Madrid leaving no children. November 15 – Louis XIV accepts the Spanish crown on behalf of his grandson Philip of Anjou, November 18 – Battle of Olkieniki, Lithuanian Civil War, victory for the anti-Sapieha coalition. November 23 – Pope Clement XI succeeds Pope Innocent XII as the 243rd pope, November 30 – Battle of Narva in Estonia. Having led his army of 8,000 on a march from Denmark to Estonia. December 28 – Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester, is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, mission San Xavier del Bac is founded in New Spain near Tucson, as a Spanish Roman Catholic mission. An inventory made for the Medici family of Florence is the first documentary evidence for a piano, an English translation of the novel Don Quixote, translated from the original by many hands and published by Peter Motteux, begins publication in London. While popular among readers, it eventually come to be known as one of the worst translations of the novel. The value of sales of English manufactured products to the Atlantic economy is £3.9 million, date – Lions become extinct in Libya
5.
1600s (decade)
–
January 1 – Scotland adopts January 1 as New Years Day. January – Sebald de Weert makes the first definite sighting of the Falkland Islands, february 17 – Giordano Bruno is burned at the stake for heresy in Rome. February 19 – Huaynaputina volcano in Peru undergoes a catastrophic eruption, March 20 – Linköping Bloodbath, Public execution by decapitation of five Swedish nobles and de facto deposition of the Polish–Swedish King Sigismund III Vasa as ruler of Sweden. April 19 - First Dutch ship ever to arrive in Japan, the ship, called Liefde, anchored in Sashifu, in the Bungo area. July 2 – Battle of Nieuwpoort in the Eighty Years War between the Dutch and the Spanish. August 5 – The brothers Alexander Ruthven and John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie, are killed during an attempt to kidnap or murder King James VI of Scotland at their home. October 21 – Battle of Sekigahara in Japan, granting Tokugawa Ieyasu nominal control over the whole country, December 31 – East India Company granted a Royal Charter in the Kingdom of England on trades in Asia Sumo wrestling becomes a professional sport in Japan. William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream is first performed and his play The Merchant of Venice is published, William Gilbert publishes De Magnete, which describes the Earths magnetic field and is the beginning of modern Geomagnetism. Fabritio Carosos Nobiltà de dame is published, Ulster chieftains, with the lead of Hugh ONeill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone, resist the English reconquest of Ireland. A Persian embassy arrives in Prague and meets with Rudolf II, Martin Möller is appointed chief pastor of Görlitz. The Lutheran orthodox campaign intensifies to reinforce the Book of Concord, thessaly Rebellion January 17 – Treaty of Lyon, France gains Bresse, Bugey and Gex from Savoy, ceding Saluzzo in exchange. February 8 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, longtime favorite of Queen Elizabeth I of England, rebels against the queen, february 25 – Robert Devereux is beheaded. Spring – Possible first performance of William Shakespeares tragedy Hamlet, December 24 – The Battle of Kinsale ends the siege of Kinsale, Ireland. Dutch troops attack the Portuguese in Malacca, the Jesuit Matteo Ricci becomes the first European to enter the Forbidden City in Beijing, China, during the Ming dynasty. A bad harvest occurs in the Tsardom of Russia, due to a rainy summer, Russian famine of 1601–03 killed about two million people By 1601 - Martin Möller is accused of Crypto-Calvinism. The Battle of Seaton is fought, february 2 – First known production of William Shakespeares comedy Twelfth Night, in London. March 20 – The United East India Company is established by the United Provinces States-General in Amsterdam, may 15 – English explorer Bartholomew Gosnold becomes the first European at Cape Cod. June – James Lancasters East India Company fleet arrives at Achin, having defeated Portugals ally, the ruler is happy to do business, and Lancaster seizes a large Portuguese galleon and loots it
6.
1400s (decade)
–
January – Henry IV of England quells the Epiphany Rising and executes the Earls of Kent, Huntingdon and Salisbury and the Baron le Despencer for their attempt to have Richard II restored as king. February – Henry Percy leads English incursions into Scotland, february 14 – The deposed Richard II of England dies by means unknown in Pontefract Castle. It is likely that King Henry IV ordered his death by starvation to prevent further uprisings, Hồ Quý Ly subsequently changes the countrys name to Đại Ngu. May – Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg is declared as a rival to King of the Romans Wenceslaus, however, Frederick is murdered shortly after. August The English occupy Edinburgh in Scotland but fail to capture Edinburgh Castle, the princes of the German states vote to depose Wenceslaus as King of the Romans due to his weak leadership and mental illnesses. August 21 – Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine, is elected as King of the Romans, september 16 – Owain Glyndŵr is proclaimed Prince of Wales by his followers and begins attacking English strongholds in north-east Wales. December – Manuel II Palaiologos becomes the only Byzantine Emperor ever to visit England, Timur defeats both the Ottoman Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt to capture the city of Damascus in present-day Syria. Much of the inhabitants are subsequently massacred by Timurs troops. Timur conquers the Empire of The Black Sheep Turkomans, in present-day Azerbaijan, Black Sheep ruler Qara Yusuf and Jalayirid Sultan Ahmad flee and take refuge with the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I. In modern-day Korea, King Jeongjong of Joseon abdicates in fear of an attack by his ambitious younger brother, Prince Parameswara establishes the Malacca Sultanate in present-day western Malaysia and northern Sumatra. Hananchi succeeds Min as King of Hokuzan in modern-day north Okinawa, wallachia resists an invasion by the Ottomans. A Wallachian army captures Iuga and makes Alexandru cel Bun the Prince of Moldavia, the Haasts eagle and Moa are both driven to extinction by Māori hunters. The Mississippian culture starts to decline, Europe is reported to have around 52 million inhabitants. The House of Medici becomes powerful in Florence, newcastle upon Tyne is created a county corporate by Henry IV of England. Jean Froissart completes his Chronicles detailing the events of the 14th Century in France, january 6 – Rupert, King of Germany, is crowned King of the Romans at Cologne. March 2 – William Sawtrey, a Lollard, is the first person to be burned at the stake at Smithfield, march 13 – The Samogitians, supported by Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania, rebel against the Teutonic knights and burn two castles. Vytautas is granted increased autonomy by King Jogaila of the Poland–Lithuania union, march 24 – Turko-Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. June The English Pale in Ireland reduced to Dublin, County Kildare, County Louth, Timur raids the city of Baghdad in the Jalayirid Empire
7.
1200s (decade)
–
August 24 – After touring an army through Aquitaine to assert his right to it, John of England marries 12-year-old Isabella of Angoulême at Bordeaux. The Iroquois invade modern-day Ohio from the north, the University of Paris receives its charter, from Philip II of France. John, King of England, puts an embargo on wheat exported to Flanders and he also puts a levy of a fifteenth on the value of cargo exported to France, and disallows the export of wool to France without a special license. The levies are enforced in each port by at least six men, including one churchman, John also affirms this year, that judgements made by the court of Westminster are as valid as those made before the king himself or his chief justice. The town of Riga is chartered as a city by Albert of Buxhoeveden, Bishop of Livonia, boniface, Marquess of Montferrat is elected leader of the Fourth Crusade, after the death of Theobald III, Count of Champagne. Pope Innocent III supports Otto IV as Holy Roman Emperor, against the rival Emperor, may 20 – An earthquake strikes in Syria. May – October – The Fourth Crusade gathers in Venice, july – John, King of England rescues his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, from near capture by the rebellious forces of Arthur I, Duke of Brittany. July 27 – Battle of Basian, Georgians defeat the Seljuqids of Rüm, august 1 – Arthur I, Duke of Brittany is captured in Mirebeau, north of Poitiers, during a battle with John, King of England. November 10–23 – Fourth Crusade – Siege of Zara, In the first major action of the Crusade and this is the first attack against a Catholic city by Catholic Crusaders. The Almohad fleet expels the Banu Ghaniya from the Balearic Islands, the Livonian Brothers of the Sword is founded, to support a crusade against the inhabitants of Medieval Livonia. Pope Innocent III reasserts his right to evaluate and crown the Holy Roman Emperor, in a letter to Berthold V, approximate date – The first jesters are hired in European courts. The Rueda Abbey is founded by Cistercians at Sástago, in the Kingdom of Aragon, minamoto no Sanetomo becomes shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate. April 16 – Philip II of France enters Rouen, leading to the unification of Normandy. William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber becomes the guardian of Arthur I, Duke of Brittany, the House of Burke is founded in Ireland. Battle of Basiani, The Georgians defeat a Muslim coalition, the Almohads begin the conquest of the Balearic Islands. The troops of the Fourth Crusade reach the Byzantine heartland, June 23 – The Fleet of the crusaders enters the Bosphorus, july 17 – The armies of the Fourth Crusade capture Constantinople by assault, the Byzantine emperor Alexios III Angelos flees from his capital into exile. August 1 – The Fourth Crusade elevates Alexios IV Angelos as Byzantine emperor, the returning pirates later skirmish with the German settlers of Riga, near Visby in Gotland. The first evidence is revealed, that the Temple in London is extending loans to the king of England, the sums remain relatively small, but are often used for critical operations, such as the ransoming of the king’s soldiers captured by the French
