1.
2000s (decade)
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The 2000s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1,2000, and ended on December 31,2009. The growth of the Internet contributed to globalization during the decade, in the English-speaking world, a name for the decade was never universally accepted in the same manner as for decades such as the 80s, the 90s, etc. Orthographically, the decade can be written as the 2000s or the 00s, some people read 2000s as two-thousands, and thus simply refer to the decade as the Two-Thousands, the Twenty Hundreds, or the Twenty-ohs. Some read it as the 00s, while others referred to it as the Zeros, on January 1,2000, the BBC listed the noughties, as a potential moniker for the new decade. This has become a name for the decade in the UK and Australia. Others have advocated the term the aughts, a widely used at the beginning of the 20th century for its first decade. The American Dialect Society holds an annual poll for word of the year. For 2009, the winner in the least likely to succeed category was Any name of the decade 2000–2009, such as, Noughties, Aughties, Oughties, etc. When the 20- is dropped, the years within the decade are usually referred to as starting with an oh. The option aught-seven, for reason, has never caught on idiomatically. When the 20- is retained, two options are available in speech, both of which have idiomatic currency, two thousand seven in American English or twenty-oh-seven, during the 2000s decade, it was more common to hear the first pattern than the second. The War on Terror and War in Afghanistan began after the September 11 attacks in 2001, the International Criminal Court was formed in 2002. A United States-led coalition invaded Iraq, and the Iraq War led to the end of Saddam Husseins rule as Iraqi President, Al-Qaeda and affiliated Islamist militant groups performed terrorist acts throughout the decade. These acts included the 2004 Madrid train bombings, 7/7 London bombings in 2005, the European Union expanded its sanctions amid Irans failure to comply with its transparency obligations under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and United Nations resolutions. Additional armed conflict occurred in the Middle East, including between Israel and Hezbollah, then with Israel and Hamas, cooperative international rescue missions by many countries from around the world helped in efforts by the most affected nations to rebuild and recover from the devastation. An enormous loss of life and property came in 2005. The resulting political fallout was severely damaging to the George W. Bush administration because of its failure to act promptly and effectively. In 2008, Barack Obama was elected President of the United States, the campaigns were launched by the United States, with support from NATO and other allies, following the September 11,2001 attacks that were carried out by al-Qaeda
2.
1800s (decade)
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The 1800s decade lasted from January 1,1800, to December 31,1809. French power rose quickly, conquering most of Europe by the end of the decade, on 9 November 1799, Napoleon overthrew the French government, replacing it with the Consulate, in which he was First Consul. On 2 December 1804, after an assassination plot, he crowned himself Emperor. On 2 December 1805, Napoleon defeated a numerically superior Austro-Russian army at Austerlitz, forcing Austrias withdrawal from the coalition and dissolving the Holy Roman Empire. In 1806, a Fourth Coalition was set up, on 14 October Napoleon defeated the Prussians at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, marched through Germany, the Treaties of Tilsit divided Europe between France and Russia and created the Duchy of Warsaw. The War of the Fifth Coalition, fought in the year 1809, pitted a coalition of the Austrian Empire, major engagements between France and Austria, the main participants, unfolded over much of Central Europe from April to July, with very high casualty rates. After much campaigning in Bavaria and across the Danube valley, the war ended favorably for the French after the struggle at Wagram in early July. End of the White Lotus Rebellion, an uprising against the Qing Dynasty in China, beginning of the Russo-Turkish War between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. The First Barbary War is fought between the United States and the Barbary States of North Africa, the Fulani War is fought in present-day Nigeria and Cameroon. The First Serbian Uprising marks the first time in 300 years Serbia perceives itself an independent state, haiti gains independence from France on January 1,1804. This decade marked the height of the Atlantic slave trade to the United States, during the period of 1798 and 1808, approximately 200,000 slaves were imported from Africa to the United States. Still, the abolitionist movement began to ground in this period. Britain enacted the Slave Trade Act 1807, which barred the trade of slaves in Great Britain, the United States enacted a similar ban in 1808. However, Napoleon revoked the French Empires ban on slavery with the Law of 20 May 1802. 1801 Under the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801, Washington, D. C. a new planned city, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merge into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801. 1803 United States doubles its size with territories gained from Napoleon Bonaparte in the Louisiana Purchase and this decade contained some of the earliest experiments in electrochemistry. In 1800 Alessandro Volta constructed a voltaic pile, the first device to produce an electric current. Napoleon, informed of his works, summoned him in 1801 for a performance of his experiments
3.
1900s (decade)
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The 1900s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1,1900, and ended on December 31,1909. The term nineteen-hundreds can also equally be used for the years 1900–1999, the Edwardian era covers a similar span of time. There are several varieties of how individual years of the decade are pronounced in English. Using 1906 as an example, they are nineteen-oh-six, nineteen-six, which variety is most prominent depends somewhat on global region and generation. In American English, nineteen-oh-six is the most common, nineteen-six is less common, nineteen-ought-six is recognized, the strength of the comedic effect diminished during the aughts of the next century, as the public grew used to questioning how to refer to an ohs or aughts decade. Russo-Japanese War establishes the Empire of Japan as a world power, battle of Riyadh was a minor battle of the Unification of Saudi Arabia. Battle of Dilam was a battle of the Unification War between Rashidi and Saudi rebels. First Saudi–Rashidi War was engaged between the Saudi loyal forces of the newborn Emirate of Riyadh versus the Emirate of Hail, demand for Home Rule for Ireland Herero and Namaqua Genocide in German South-West Africa. January 1,1901, British colonies in Australia federate, forming the Commonwealth of Australia May 20,1902 — Cuba gains independence from the United States, june 7,1905 — The Norwegian Parliament declares the union with Sweden dissolved, and Norway achieves full independence. October 5,1908 — Bulgaria declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire, April 19,1902 — A magnitude 7.5 earthquake rocks Guatemala, killing 2,000. May 8,1902 — In Martinique, Mount Pelée erupts, destroying the town of Saint-Pierre, April 7,1906 — Mount Vesuvius erupts and devastates Naples. September 18,1906 — A typhoon and tsunami kill an estimated 10,000 in Hong Kong, January 14,1907 — An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than 1,000. December 28,1908 — An earthquake and tsunami destroys Messina, Sicily and Calabria, April 26,1900 — The Great Lumber Fire of Ottawa–Hull kills 7 and leaves 15,000 homeless. The fire began on a wharf and spread to the adjacent piers, warehouses, may 3,1901 — The Great Fire of 1901 begins in Jacksonville, FL, USA. July 10,1902 – The Rolling Mill Mine disaster in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, August 10,1903 — Paris Métro train fire. December 30,1903 — A fire at the Iroquois Theater in Chicago, February 7,1904 — The Great Baltimore Fire in Baltimore, USA destroys over 1,500 buildings in 30 hours. June 15,1904 — A fire aboard the steamboat General Slocum in New York Citys East River kills 1,021, june 28,1904 — The Danish ocean liner SS Norge runs aground and sinks close to Rockall, killing 635, including 225 Norwegian emigrants. January 22,1906 — The SS Valencia strikes a reef off Vancouver Island, Canada, the 1900s were marked by several notable assassinations and assassination attempts, July 29,1900 — King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by Italian-born anarchist Gaetano Bresci
4.
500s BC (decade)
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509 BC—Overthrow of Roman monarchy, and beginning of Republican period. Tarquinian conspiracy formed, but discovered and the conspirators executed, forces of Veii and Tarquinii, led by the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus defeated in the Battle of Silva Arsia by the Roman army. Consul Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first republican triumph on 1 March, September 13,509 BC—The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Romes Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September. 508 BC—War between Rome and Clusium 508 BC—War between Clusium and Aricia 508 BC—Office of Pontifex Maximus created in Rome and he creates the deme, a local unit to serve as the basis of his political system. Citizenship is tightly linked to the deme, for each deme keeps the roll of those within its jurisdiction and he groups all the demes into 10 tribes, which thus form the link between the demes and the central government. The central government includes an assembly of all citizens and a new council of 500 members and this is a very early form of democracy. 507 BC—Cleisthenes, Greek reformer, takes power and increases democracy,505 BC–504 BC—War between Rome and the Sabines. 503 BC-502 BC-The Latin towns of Pometia and Cora, with the assistance of the Aurunci, december 4,502 BC—Solar eclipse darkens Egypt 502 BC—Naxos rebels against Persian domination sparking the Ionian Revolt. 501 BC—Naxos is attacked by the Persian Empire,501 BC—In response to threats by the Sabines, Rome creates the office of dictator. 501 BC—Confucius is appointed governor of Chung-tu,501 BC—Gadir is captured by Carthage. 500 BC—Bantu-speaking people migrate into south-west Uganda from the west,500 BC—Refugees from Teos resettle Abdera. 500 BC—Darius I of Persia proclaims that Aramaic be the language of the western half of his empire. 500 BC—Signifies the end of the Nordic Bronze Age civilization in Oscar Montelius periodization system,500 BC—Foundation of first republic in Vaishali Bihar India. C.500 BC—She-Wolf, with late 15th century or early 16th century additions, is made and it is now kept at the Museo Capitolino in Rome. 500 BC—World population,100,000,00085,000,000 in Eastern hemisphere,15,000,000 in Western Hemisphere, C.500 BC—Vulca makes Apollo of Veii, from Portonaccio Temple. It is now kept at Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia, Rome, C.500 BC—Yayoi period starts in Ancient Japan. C.500 BC—Oldest known Zapotec writing,500 BC - The Olmecs establish Monte Albán, the sacred city, and continue building pyramids. The Gutaii tribe began around this time, in Middle and Southern Africa, C.500 BC—Heraclitus, Greek philosopher Mahavir, Last Tirthankar Siddharta Gautama, Founder of Buddhism c
5.
1300s BC (decade)
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Cecrops II, legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 40 years and is succeeded by his son Pandion II. Pandion II was later driven into exile from Athens by the sons of Cecrops IIs brother Metion, Pandion II fled to Megara, where he married the Kings daughter and eventually inherited the throne. After his death, Pandion IIs sons returned to Athens and drove out the sons of Metion,1307 BC—Adad-nirari I becomes king of Assyria. 1306 BC —Horemheb becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt,1300 BC—Pangeng moved the capital of Shang Dynasty to Yin. c.1300 BC—Rise of the Urnfield culture. C.1300 BC—1312 BC—the revelation of the Torah to Moses occurred, C.1300 BC—Some people of Eastern Woodlands begin to build massive earthworks, mounds of earth and stone. Poverty Point, Louisiana is the earliest one, C.1300 BC–1200 BC—Treasury of Atreus, Mycenae, Greece, is built. Excavated by Christos Stamatakis in 1878, C.1300 BC–1200 BC—The palace at Pylos is built. C.1300 BC–1100 BC—Warrior vase, from Mycenae, Ancient Greece, is made and it is now at National Archaeological Museum of Athens
6.
0s
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This article covers the first nine years of the Anno Domini era, which began on January 1st, AD1 and ended on December 31st, AD9. Tiberius, under order of Augustus, quells revolts in Germania, Gaius Caesar and Lucius Aemilius Paullus are appointed consuls. Gaius Caesar marries Livilla, daughter of Antonia Minor and Nero Claudius Drusus, Quirinius becomes a chief advisor to Gaius in Armenia. Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, whose father Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus had served as consul in 16 BC, areius Paianeius becomes Archon of Athens. Confucius is given his first royal title of Lord Baochengxun Ni, sapadbizes, Yuezhi prince and King of Kush, dies. The Kingdom of Aksum, centered in modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea, is founded and her son, Natakamani, becomes King of Kush. Moxos ceases to be a significant religious area in South America, the Teotihuacan culture in Mesoamerica begins. The Olmec 2 phase of the Olmec civilization begins, San Lorenzo, the poem Metamorphoses is written by Ovid. Birth of Jesus, as assigned by Dionysius Exiguus in his anno Domini era according to at least one scholar, however, most scholars think Dionysius placed the birth of Jesus in the previous year,1 BC. Furthermore, most modern scholars do not consider Dionysius calculations authoritative, following the death of Lucius Caesar, Livia Drusilla persuades Augustus to allow her son Tiberius back into Rome as a private citizen, after six years in enforced retirement on Rhodes. Gaius Caesar meets with Phraates V, the king of Parthia on the Euphrates, rather than invade, Gaius Caesar concludes peace with the Parthians—Parthia recognizes Roman claims to Armenia. Publius Alfenus Varus and Publius Vinicius become Roman Consuls, juba II of Mauretania joins Gaius Caesar in Armenia as a military advisor. It is during this period that he meets Glaphyra, a Cappadocian princess and the wife of Alexandros of Judea, a brother of Herod Archelaus, ethnarch of Judea. Wang Mang begins a program of personal aggrandizement, restoring marquess titles to past imperial princes, restrictions are placed on the Emperors mother, Consort Wei and members of the Wei Clan. The first census is concluded in China after having begun the year before, the census is one of the most accurate surveys in Chinese history. The Chinese census shows nearly one million living in Vietnam. The rule of emperor Augustus is renewed for a ten-year period, Augustus adopts his grandson, Gaius Caesar, with the expectation that he will succeed him. Gaius is made proconsul and is sent on a mission to the East
7.
0s BC
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This article concerns the period 9 BC –1 BC, the last nine years before the Anno Domini era, not the last ten years. Pannonia is incorporated in the Roman Empire as part of Illyria, the Ara Pacis, voted by the Senate four years earlier, is dedicated. Nero Claudius Drusus begins a campaign against the Marcomanni, but dies soon after a fall from his horse, tiberius Claudius Nero continues the conquest of Germania. King Maroboduus becomes ruler of the Marcomanni and fights against the Roman Empire expansion in Bohemia, arminius, son of a Cheruscan chieftain, is taken hostage to Rome where he receives a military education. After 20 years, Augustus initiated his second census of the Roman Empire, tiberius Claudius Nero and Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso are Roman Consuls. Augustus second census of the Roman Empire reported a total of 4,233,000 citizens, Emperor Augustus sent ferrets to the Balearic Islands to control the rabbit plagues. Tiberius Claudius Nero is sent to Armenia, then retires to Rhodes, – On the death of Herod the Great, there is unrest in his client kingdom of Judea. His son, Herod Archelaus, becomes the new ruler, Herod Antipas becomes tetrarch of Galilee and Perea. The Governor of Syria, Publius Quintilius Varus, assembles three of his four legions, including Legio X Fretensis, and marche down to Jerusalem from Antioch to restore order. King Maroboduus of the Marcomanni organized in the later known as Bohemia a confederation of Germanic tribes, with the Hermunduri, Lombards, Semnoni. Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus commands the Roman army in Germania and crossed the Elbe and he builds the pontes longi over the marshes between the Rhine and the Ems. Julia the Elder, daughter of Augustus, is exiled on charges of treason and adultery to Pandateria, the Aqua Alsietina Roman aqueduct is constructed. Phraates V becomes king of the Parthian Empire, after he, Emperor Augustus sent his stepson Gaius Caesar as army commander to the East and made a peace treaty with Phraates V on an island in the river Euphrates. Emperor, Ai of Han dies and is succeeded by his cousin Ping of Han, Wang Mang is appointed regent by the Grand Empress Dowager Wang. Former regent Dong Xian commits suicide, however, at least one scholar thinks Dionysius placed the incarnation of Jesus in the next year, AD1. Most modern scholars do not consider Dionysius calculations authoritative, themselves placing the event several years earlier, tigranes IV, King of Armenia, r. 12–1 BC Erato, Queen of Armenia, 8–5 BC,2 BC – AD2, AD 6–11 Artavasdes III, King of Armenia, r. 5–2 BC Ariobarzan of Atropatene, Client King of Armenia, r.1 BC – AD2 Chend Di, Emperor of Han Dynasty China, 32–7 BC Ai Di, Emperor of Han Dynasty China, r
