1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
K-pop
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K-pop is a music genre originating in South Korea that is characterized by a wide variety of audiovisual elements. The more modern form of the genre emerged with one of the earliest K-pop groups, Seo Taiji and Boys and their experimentation with different styles of music reshaped Koreas music scene. As a result, the integration of foreign musical elements has now become common practice with K-pop artists, K-pop entered the Japanese market at the turn of the 21st century and rapidly grew into a subculture among teenagers and young adults of East and Southeast Asia. Although K-pop generally refers to South Korean popular music, some consider it to be an all-encompassing genre exhibiting a vast spectrum of musical and visual elements, the French Institut national de laudiovisuel defines K-pop as a fusion of synthesized music, sharp dance routines and fashionable, colorful outfits. Songs typically consist of one or a mixture of pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, Management agencies in South Korea offer binding contracts to potential artists, sometimes at a young age. Trainees live together in an environment and spend many hours a day learning music, dance, foreign languages. This robotic system of training is often criticized by Western media outlets, in 2012, The Wall Street Journal reported that the cost of training one Korean pop idol under S. M. K-pop is a product that features “values, identity and meanings that go beyond their strictly commercial value. ”It is characterized by a mixture of Western sounds with an Asian aspect of performance. It has been remarked that there is a vision of modernization inherent in Korean pop culture, for some, the transnational values of K-pop are responsible for its success. Many agencies have presented new idol groups to an audience through a debut showcase, groups are given a name and a concept, along with a marketing hook. Sometimes sub-units or sub-groups are formed among existing members, an example subgroup is Super Junior-K. R. Y. Which consists of members Kyuhyun, Ryeowook, and Yesung, and Super Junior-M, online marketing includes music videos posted to YouTube in order to reach a worldwide audience. Prior to the video, the group releases teaser photos. Promotional cycles of subsequent singles are called comebacks even when the musician or group in question did not go on hiatus, modern K-pop is marked by its use of English phrases. In 1995, the percentage of song titles using English in the top 50 charts was 8% and this fluctuated between 30% in 2000, 18% in 2005, and 44% in 2010. Similarly, increasing numbers of K-pop bands use English names rather than Korean ones and this allows songs and artists to be marketed to a wider audience around the world. An example of a Korean song with a proportion of English lyrics is Kara’s Jumping. Increasingly, foreign songwriters and producers are employed to work on songs for K-pop idols, such as will. i. am, musicians, including rappers such as Akon, Kanye West, Ludacris, and Snoop Dogg, have also featured on K-pop songs
3.
Ballad
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A ballad /ˈbæləd/ is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads derive from the medieval French chanson balladée or ballade, which were originally danced songs, Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century. They were widely used across Europe, and later in the Americas, Australia, Ballads are 13 lines with an ABABBCBC form, consisting of couplets of rhymed verse, each of 14 syllables. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides, the form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century, the took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and is now often used for any love song. The ballad derives its name from medieval French dance songs or ballares, from which ballet is also derived, as a narrative song, their theme and function may originate from Scandinavian and Germanic traditions of storytelling that can be seen in poems such as Beowulf. Musically they were influenced by the Minnesinger, the earliest example of a recognizable ballad in form in England is Judas in a 13th-century manuscript. This means that the two words, ballad and ballet, are derived from the French language. Ballads were originally written to accompany dances, and so were composed in couplets with refrains in alternate lines and these refrains would have been sung by the dancers in time with the dance. Most northern and west European ballads are written in ballad stanzas or quatrains of alternating lines of iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter, known as ballad meter. Usually, only the second and fourth line of a quatrain are rhymed, there is considerable variation on this pattern in almost every respect, including length, number of lines and rhyming scheme, making the strict definition of a ballad extremely difficult. Ballads usually use the dialect of the people and are heavily influenced by the region in which they originate. Scottish ballads in particular are distinctively un-English, even showing some pre-Christian influences in the inclusion of elements such as the fairies in the Scottish ballad Tam Lin. The ballads do not have any known author or correct version, instead, having passed down mainly by oral tradition since the Middle Ages. The ballads remained a tradition until the increased interest in folk songs in the 18th century led collectors such as Bishop Thomas Percy to publish volumes of popular ballads. In all traditions most ballads are narrative in nature, with a story, often concise, and rely on imagery, rather than description. Themes concerning rural laborers and their sexuality are common, and there are many ballads based on the Robin Hood legend. Another common feature of ballads is repetition, sometimes of fourth lines in succeeding stanzas, as a refrain, sometimes of third and fourth lines of a stanza and sometimes of entire stanzas
4.
Jay Park
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Jay Park is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, dancer, record producer, model, choreographer, entrepreneur and actor. He is a member of the Seattle-based b-boy crew, Art of Movement, as Park grew up as a b-boy and dancer, he has become known for these skills, as well as his charismatic performances and stage presence. Park also branched out into entrepreneurship where he became the founder and CEO of the AOMG, Park initially rose to fame as the leader of South Korean boy band 2PM, formed by record label JYP Entertainment in 2008, after having previously been a trainee for 4 years. In September 2009, Park returned home to Seattle after comments he wrote about Korea in 2005 as a teenager were publicized by the Korean media, Park officially left the group in early 2010. In March 2010, Park uploaded a video of B. o. Parks first mini album, Take a Deeper Look, released in 2011. Park became the first ever artist crowned winner on a stage by winning on KBS Music Bank with Abandoned. Later in 2011, Park released singles Demon, Girlfriend, and Star, co-starred in the Korean movie, Mr. Idol, at the end of 2011, Park released an EP, New Breed Part 1, the precursor to Parks first full-length album. In February 2012, Jay Park released his first full-length album, New Breed, quickly topping charts in South Korea and internationally, and went multi-platinum in less than a week. Park also released an English mixtape, Fresh Air, Breathe It, following the release of New Breed in 2012, Park successfully held his first solo concert in Seoul, as well as embarking on tours around Asia and Australia. Park headlined the Verizon APAHM Tour in the United States, and was the act at MTV World Stage Live in Malaysia 2012. Also in 2012, Park returned to KBS Immortal Songs 2, became a panel member on MBCs Come to Play. Park became a permanent cast member of Saturday Night Live Korea in early 2013, in 2014, Jay Park performed 2014 South by Southwest as a Korean representative pop singer. Jay Park released his album Worldwide in November 2015, born in Edmonds, Washington, in the Seattle metropolitan area, Park showed great interest in hip hop music and breakdancing at a young age. Park attended Edmonds Woodway High School, where he spent most of his break, Park started listening to hip hop and rap music in his early teens, and spent time learning and writing raps himself during high school. In 2003, Park became one of the first members of the Seattle-based b-boy crew Art of Movement. Park has stated he couldnt converse with all the new people he met, due to not being able to speak the language very well, and he didnt know what to eat. Park says he cried every day for the first two weeks he was in Korea, but decided to work even though he wanted to go back home. Jay Park eventually completed his university education at Dankook University, Park first appeared through Mnets Hot Blood Men, a documentary-style reality program that showed the future members of One Day, split as idol groups 2AM and 2PM, in training
5.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
6.
Music video
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A music video is a short film integrating a song and imagery, produced for promotional or artistic purposes. Modern music videos are made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. There are also cases where songs are used in tie in marketing campaigns that allow them to more than just a song. Tie ins and merchandising could be used in toys or marketing campaigns for food, although the origins of music videos date back to musical short films that first appeared in the 1920s, they came into prominence in the 1980s when MTV based their format around the medium. Prior to the 1980s, these works were described by terms including illustrated song, filmed insert, promotional film, promotional clip, promotional video, song video. Music videos use a range of styles of contemporary videomaking techniques, including animation, live action filming, documentaries. Some music videos blend different styles, such as animation, music, combining these styles and techniques has become more popular because of the variation it presents to the audience. Many music videos interpret images and scenes from the songs lyrics, other music videos may be without a set concept, being merely a filmed version of the songs live performance. Product placement is a technique in music videos, exemplified by the appearance of the Beats Pill in numerous hip hop videos. In 1894, sheet music publishers Edward B, marks and Joe Stern hired electrician George Thomas and various performers to promote sales of their song The Little Lost Child. Using a magic lantern, Thomas projected a series of images on a screen simultaneous to live performances. This would become a form of entertainment known as the illustrated song. In 1926, with the arrival of many musical short films were produced. Vitaphone shorts featured many bands, vocalists and dancers, early 1930s cartoons featured popular musicians performing their hit songs on-camera in live-action segments during the cartoons. The early animated films by Walt Disney, such as the Silly Symphonies shorts and especially Fantasia, the Warner Brothers cartoons, even today billed as Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies, were initially fashioned around specific songs from upcoming Warner Brothers musical films. Live action musical shorts, featuring such performers as Cab Calloway, were also distributed to theaters. Blues singer Bessie Smith appeared in a short film called St. Louis Blues featuring a dramatized performance of the hit song. Numerous other musicians appeared in short musical subjects during this period, soundies, produced and released from 1940 to 1947, were musical films that often included short dance sequences, similar to later music videos
7.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
8.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
9.
JYP Entertainment
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JYP Entertainment is a South Korean entertainment company established by Park Jin-young in 1997. The company operates as a label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company. It is currently one of the largest entertainment companies in South Korea and it was reported that for the year 2014, JYP Entertainment took revenues of KR₩48.5 billion with net profits of KR₩7.85 billion. JYP Entertainment was founded in 1997 by South Korean singer and record producer Park Jin-young, although its production and trainee system largely followed that of S. M. Entertainment, it focused on breaking into the American market, opening the studio and headquarters of its US branch, JYP USA. In June 2009, JYP Entertainment and the Jonas Group signed a management deal that allowed the Wonder Girls to join the Jonas Brothers World Tour in selected cities as the opening act. In November 2011, the US-based subsidiary JYP Creative was established, on February 19,2016, JYP Entertainment establish music distribution partnership with China music coperation. On March 182011, JYP Entertainment to donate $300,000 USD towards Japanese disaster relief, on October 242011, JYP Entertainment donated $130,000 USD for flood victims in Thailand. In June 2009, it was announced that JYP Entertainment. Wonder Girls joined the Jonas Brothers‘ World Tour 2009, in selected cities, in the same year, Holyim, a joint venture between JYP Entertainment and KeyEast BOF, was founded. In December 2010, JYP Entertainment effectively incorporated J. Tune Entertainment, in March 2010, KMP Holdings was established via a joint venture between JYP, S. M. Entertainment, YG Entertainment, Star Empire, Media Line, CAN Entertainment, KMP Holdings was acquired by KT Music in November 2012, and in June 2013, KT Music absorbed KMPs distribution network. In January 2014, the seven talent agencies behind KMP Holdings formed a collective bond partnership and bought 13. 48% of KT Musics stocks, in 2011, JYP Entertainment joined with S. M. Entertainment, YG Entertainment, KeyEast, AMENT, and Star J Entertainment to form United Asia Management in an effort to promote Korean pop music internationally, on November 17,2013, JYP Entertainment partnered with Smile Gate to promote the game CrossFire with 2PM and miss A. On June 26,2012, JYP revealed news of a collaboration between JYP and Swizz Beatz for Reebok, JYP and Reebok will be working together to represent the brand’s ‘Classic Campaign, ’ and a new song is planned for release in July. Studio J is a created by Park Jin-young in January 2015. Park described Studio J as a label which will launch JYPE into a new direction in music, the sub-label will create music which rather than appealing to the mainstream will instead showcase free and deep artist. Few days later he revealed G. Soul to be the first artist on Studio Js roster, JYP Pictures is a film and TV drama production division that was founded in March 2011 along with other subsidiaries
10.
2PM
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2PM is a South Korean boy band formed by JYP Entertainment. K, Nichkhun, Taecyeon, Wooyoung, Junho and Chansung, former leader Jay Park officially left the group in early 2010. The members of 2PM started when Korean musician Park Jin-young formed a band known as One Day. Eventually the band was split into 2PM and a similar but independent group known as 2AM, 2PM debuted with the song 10 Jeom Manjeome 10 Jeom, which showcased their acrobatic dance styles. They achieved their first number 1 single with Again & Again, both singles featured on their first studio album, The First Album 1, 59PM, released in 2009. The band went on to release another Korean album, known as Hands Up and they made their Japanese debut later that year with Republic of 2PM. After more than a year, the returned in 2013 with their third studio album Grown. In early September 2014, 2PM returned with their studio album Go Crazy. On 15 June 2015, 2PM made a comeback with their studio album No.5. After much anticipation 2PM returned on 13 September 2016 with their studio album Gentlemens Game. The members of 2PM all auditioned to become part of JYP Entertainment, some members already had experience in the entertainment industry, including Jun. K, who had won several singing competitions, ok Taecyeon, Lee Junho and Hwang Chansung had participated in the show SuperStar Survival. Originally, the members of 2PM were part of a group known as One Day. A documentary called Hot Blood Men captured the groups training days, in this documentary, former member Jaebeom finished at the top spot and received the most fan votes. It also featured the elimination of three trainees from the group, Lee Swichi, Jeong Jinwoon, and Yoon Doo-joon were all cut, however, Jinwoon replaced Im Daehun upon the latters withdrawal. By the end of the process, One Day had been reduced to an eleven-member group. The band was split into four-member ballad group 2AM and seven-member hip-hop group 2PM. While most Korean boy bands at the time adopted a pretty boy image, 2PM constructed a tough, by emphasizing their masculine images, 2PM created the jimseung-dol phenomenon in 2008
11.
LOEN Entertainment
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LOEN Entertainment, formerly Seoul Records, is a South Korean entertainment company established by Min Yeong-bin in 1978. It is headquartered in Tehran Boulevard, Gangnam, Seoul, the company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. Since January 2016 LOEN has been a subsidiary of Kakao, online music sales account for most of the companys profit, with 93. 9% of revenue coming from online music sales. The label also distributes CDs of some other entertainment agencies in South Korea through its branch LOEN Music, LOEN Entertainment was founded as Seoul Records in 1978 by Min Yeong-bin as a subsidiary of YBM Sisa, a company mainly involved in creating language-learning tapes. The company was registered in 1982, and in 1984 it began to produce. It was registered as a capital company in 1999, when it began to sell albums while operating an online shop. In 2000, the name was changed to YBM Seoul Records. The company joined the IFPI in 2003, Korean conglomerate SK Telecom bought a 60% share of the company in 2005, and YBM Seoul Records subsequently became part of SK Group. As of 2008, the company has been known as LOEN Entertainment, LOEN took charge of SK Telecoms online music distribution service, MelOn, in 2009. MelOn is currently the most used online music site in South Korea. In 2012, the signed a deal with streaming site Viki so that content from their artists would be featured on their site. In August 2012, the artists under LOEN collaborated to release a collaborative EP titled LOEN Tree Summer Story under the collective title LOEN Tree. On July 18,2013, Affinity Equity Partners, through its subsidiary Star Invest Holdings Ltd. bought 52. 56% of LOENs shares, five months later, Star Invest Holdings acquired RealNetworks, Inc. s 8. 83% stake in the company. The company was reorganized to include two labels, LOEN Tree and Collabodadi, on December 18,2013, LOEN acquired 70% of shares in Starship Entertainment, making it as an independent subsidiary of LOEN. On January 11,2016, LOEN was acquired by Kakao Corporation, the name LOEN stands for, Live On Entertainment Networks LOve + ENtertainment The companys first logo was the two small letters s and r combined. At the bottom of the logo was the English name, while the Korean name was at its right corner, as of 2015, LOEN currently uses two types of catalog number codes for its releases, the L10000**** series and the L20000**** series. 2011 LOEN, along with then-parent SK Telecom, was one of the 15 companies fined and sued by the Korean FTC for price rigging in 2011, the company was fined $9.6 million for its role in the scheme. Co-CEO Shin Won-soo, who was the sole CEO at the time being, was sentenced to pay 10 million won
