1.
Bayernliga
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The Bayernliga is the highest amateur football league and the second highest football league in the state of Bavaria and the Bavarian football league system. It is one of fourteen Oberligas in German football, the tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3, liga in 2008 it was the fourth tier of the league system, until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 the third tier. From the 2012-13 season onwards, the league has been divided once more into a northern, the league sits directly under the Regionalliga Bayern and above the Landesligas, which were expanded in number from three to five at the end of the 2011-12 season. The league run then in parallel with the Landesligas of Hessen, Württemberg, the year after, the leagues went to thirteen teams each. In 1948, the league was reunited in one group of sixteen teams with the top-two clubs gaining promotion, the 1949–50 season was run on fourteen clubs with the top-five clubs gaining promotion to the new 2. The league was renamed Amateurliga Bayern, a name it would carry until 1978 and it consisted of sixteen clubs in its first season, then went to eighteen and later nineteen. In 1953, the split into a northern and a southern group again. Being the largest of the southern German federations, Bavaria felt disadvantaged by the fact that only its champion was permitted to take part in the promotion rounds. The number of teams in the two leagues kept fluctuating and sometimes clubs from central Bavaria were moved between divisions to balance out the strength, in those years up to 1963, the leagues below the Bayernliga were the 2. Amateurligas, which there was supposed to be seven of, according to the number of Bezirke in Bavaria, however, some, like Oberbayern, split their 2nd Amateurliga in more than one division. In 1963, with the introduction of the Bundesliga, the Oberliga Süd, the Amateurliga Bayern was reunited and now came under the Regionalliga Süd, the new second tier of the league system in the south. The Amateurliga retained its status as a tier three league, seven clubs from the northern and southern division each plus four from the 2nd Oberliga made up the newly reunited league in 1963. The league champion still had to compete for promotion with the winners of the other southern German amateur leagues while the three teams were relegated. For the Bayernliga, this meant little change, the winner still had to play-off for promotion to the new league. The year 1978 saw a reformation of the highest Amateurligas in Germany, their number was halved from sixteen to eight, the Amateurligas were also renamed Amateur-Oberligas, which was generally shortened to AOL or, more commonly, just Oberliga. In the south, this meant the Bayernliga now run parallel to the Amateur-Oberligas of Hessen, Baden-Württemberg, direct promotion for the southern champions only lasted two seasons however, 1978–79 and 1979–80. Bundesliga was united to one division, making it necessary for the Oberliga champions to have a promotion round again
2.
Kit (association football)
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In association football, kit is the standard equipment and attire worn by players. The sports Laws of the Game specify the minimum kit which a player must use, footballers generally wear identifying numbers on the backs of their shirts. Professional clubs also usually display players surnames or nicknames on their shirts, Football kit has evolved significantly since the early days of the sport when players typically wore thick cotton shirts, knickerbockers and heavy rigid leather boots. The Laws of the Game set out the equipment which must be worn by all players in Law 4. Five separate items are specified, shirt, shorts, socks, footwear, goalkeepers are allowed to wear tracksuit bottoms instead of shorts. While most players wear studded football boots, the Laws do not specify that these are required, shirts must have sleeves, and goalkeepers must wear shirts which are easily distinguishable from all other players and the match officials. Thermal undershorts may be worn, but must be the colour as the shorts themselves. Shin pads must be covered entirely by the stockings, be made of rubber, plastic or a similar material, and provide a reasonable degree of protection. The only other restriction on equipment defined in the Laws of the Game is the requirement that a player must not use equipment or wear anything that is dangerous to himself or another player. In the event of a match between teams who would wear identical or similar colours the away team must change to a different colour. The England national team plays in red shirts even when it is not required. Many professional clubs also have a kit, ostensibly to be used if both their first-choice and away colours are deemed too similar to those of an opponent. Most professional clubs have retained the basic colour scheme for several decades. Teams representing countries in international competition generally wear national colours in common with other sporting teams of the same nation, shirts are normally made of a polyester mesh, which does not trap the sweat and body heat in the same way as a shirt made of a natural fibre. Depending on local rules, there may be restrictions on how large these logos may be or on what logos may be displayed, competitions such as the Premier League may also require players to wear patches on their sleeves depicting the logo of the competition. The captain of team is usually required to wear an elasticated armband around the left sleeve to identify him as the captain to the referee. Most current players wear specialist football boots, which can be either of leather or a synthetic material. Modern boots are cut slightly below the ankles, as opposed to the high-ankled boots used in former times, studs may be either moulded directly to the sole or be detachable, normally by means of a screw thread
3.
Away colours
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Away colours are a choice of coloured clothing used in team sports. They are required to be worn by one team during a game between teams that would wear the same colours as each other, or similar colours. This change prevents confusion for officials, players, and spectators, in most sports it is the visiting team that must change – second-choice kits are commonly known as away kits or change kits in British English, and road uniforms in American English. Some sports leagues mandate that teams must always wear an alternative kit. In some sports, conventionally the home team has changed its kit, in most cases, a team wears its away kit only when its primary kit would clash with the colours of the home team. However, sometimes teams wear away colours by choice, occasionally even in a home game, at some clubs, the away kit has become more popular than the home version. Replica home and away kits are available for fans to buy. Some teams also have produced third-choice kits, or even old-fashioned throwback uniforms, in American sports, road teams usually wear a change uniform regardless of a potential colour clash. Further, almost all road uniforms are white in American football, in the National Basketball Association, home uniforms are white or yellow, and visiting teams wear a darker colour. In the United States, color vs. color games are a rarity, most teams choose to wear their color jerseys at home, with the road team changing to white in most cases. White road uniforms gained prominence with the rise of television in the 1950s, a white vs. color game was easier to follow in black-and-white. According to Phil Hecken, until the mid 1950′s, not only was color versus color common in the NFL, even long after the advent of color television, the use of white jerseys has remained in almost every game. The NFLs current rules require that a home jerseys must be either white or official team color throughout the season. If a team insists on wearing its home uniforms on the road, the road team might instead wear a third jersey, such as the Seattle Seahawks Wolf Grey alternate. According to the Gridiron Uniform Database, the Cleveland Browns wore white for home game of the 1955 season. The only times they wore brown was for games at Philadelphia and the New York Giants, in 1964 the Baltimore Colts, Browns, Vikings and Rams wore white regularly for their home games according to Tim Brulias research. The St. Louis Cardinals wore white for several of their home games, until 1964 Dallas had worn blue at home, but it was not an official rule that teams should wear their colored jerseys at home. The use of white jerseys was instigated by general manager Tex Schramm, the Cowboys still wear white at home today
4.
Football in Germany
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Football is the most popular sport in Germany. The German Football Association is the national governing body, with 6.6 million members organized in over 26,000 football clubs. There is a system, with the Bundesliga and 2. The winner of the Bundesliga is crowned the German football champion, additionally, there are national cup competitions, most notably the DFB-Pokal and DFL-Supercup. The Germany national football team has won four FIFA World Cups and it also holds a record three UEFA European Championships. The Germany womens national team has won two FIFA Womens World Cups and a record eight UEFA European Womens Championships. Germany is the nation that has won both the mens and womens World Cup. In addition, Germany is the nation to have won the applicable regional/continental championship for both the mens and womens team. No team has more combined mens and womens World Cup championships, the first football match arguably took place in Braunschweig in 1874. Two schoolteachers, August Hermann and Konrad Koch, initiated the first match after Hermann had obtained a round football from England, in 1875, Koch published the first German version of the rules of football, although Kochs version of the game still closely resembled Rugby football. The Dresden English Football Club is considered the first modern football club in Germany and it was founded in 1874 by Englishmen living and working around Dresden. In the following 20 years the game achieved a growing popularity, Football clubs were founded in Berlin, Hamburg and Karlsruhe. On 28 January 1900, representatives from 86 football clubs from German-speaking areas in and outside the German Empire met in the restaurant Mariengarten in Leipzig, the founding meeting was led by E. J. Kirmse, chairman of the Leipziger Fussball Verband. Ferdinand Hueppe, representing the DFC Prag, was elected first president of the DFB, the first championship beyond municipal areas was held in 1898 from the Verband Sueddeutscher Fussball-Vereine, later affiliated with the DFB. The German national football team represents Germany in international football competitions since 1908 and it is controlled by the German Football Association DFB, the governing body of football in Germany. After the war, Germany was occupied in three states, the DFB and its team continued in what was called West Germany, while the Saarland and East Germany fielded separate teams for some years. The FIFA World Cup 1974 was staged in West Germany, meeting on 22 June 1974 in a politically charged match in Hamburg, East Germany beat West Germany 1–0, on a goal by Jürgen Sparwasser. Both German teams advanced to the second round anyway, the GDR team was eliminated there, while the DFB team eventually went on to win the tournament
5.
Association football
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Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies making it the worlds most popular sport, the game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal, players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers. Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, the team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, the Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football, the first written reference to the inflated ball used in the game was in the mid-14th century, Þe heued fro þe body went, Als it were a foteballe. The Online Etymology Dictionary states that the word soccer was split off in 1863, according to Partha Mazumdar, the term soccer originated in England, first appearing in the 1880s as an Oxford -er abbreviation of the word association. Within the English-speaking world, association football is now usually called football in the United Kingdom and mainly soccer in Canada and the United States. People in Australia, Ireland, South Africa and New Zealand use either or both terms, although national associations in Australia and New Zealand now primarily use football for the formal name. According to FIFA, the Chinese competitive game cuju is the earliest form of football for which there is scientific evidence, cuju players could use any part of the body apart from hands and the intent was kicking a ball through an opening into a net. It was remarkably similar to football, though similarities to rugby occurred. During the Han Dynasty, cuju games were standardised and rules were established, phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup, athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence and they all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified mob football, the antecedent of all football codes. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia, Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England
6.
Sonthofen
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Sonthofen is the most southerly town of Germany, located in the Oberallgäu region of the Bavarian Alps. Neighbouring Oberstdorf is situated 14 km farther south but is not classified as a town, Sonthofen is located at 47°30′57″N 10°16′52″E. In 2005, Sonthofen was awarded Alpenstadt des Jahres, in World War II Sonthofen was bombed twice because Adolf Hitler had built the Ordensburg Sonthofen where young boys were trained for service in Nazi Party organizations. The German Armys NBC Defence School is located in barracks in Sonthofen. Sonthofen was given rights on 18 August 1963. It is widely known for its milk and cheese products and as a tourist destination. Sonthofen was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2005. Media related to Sonthofen at Wikimedia Commons Sonthofen travel guide from Wikivoyage Sonthofen. de Official Sonthofen website, partly English History of Sonthofen - alpine city of the year
7.
Bavaria
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Bavaria is a free state and one of 16 federal states of Germany. Located in the German southeast with an area of 70,548 square kilometres and its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany, and, with 12.9 million inhabitants, it is Germanys second most populous state. Munich, Bavarias capital and largest city, is the third largest city in Germany, the Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century CE, the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria re-organised itself on democratic lines after the Second World War, Bavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the states Catholic majority and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes such as Oktoberfest. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, modern Bavaria also includes parts of the historical regions of Franconia, Upper Palatinate and Swabia. The Bavarians emerged in a north of the Alps, previously inhabited by Celts. The Bavarians spoke Old High German but, unlike other Germanic groups, rather, they seem to have coalesced out of other groups left behind by Roman withdrawal late in the 5th century. These peoples may have included the Celtic Boii, some remaining Romans, Marcomanni, Allemanni, Quadi, Thuringians, Goths, Scirians, Rugians, the name Bavarian means Men of Baia which may indicate Bohemia, the homeland of the Celtic Boii and later of the Marcomanni. They first appear in written sources circa 520, a 17th century Jewish chronicler David Solomon Ganz, citing Cyriacus Spangenberg, claimed that the diocese was named after an ancient Bohemian king, Boiia, in the 14th century BCE. From about 554 to 788, the house of Agilolfing ruled the Duchy of Bavaria and their daughter, Theodelinde, became Queen of the Lombards in northern Italy and Garibald was forced to flee to her when he fell out with his Frankish overlords. Garibalds successor, Tassilo I, tried unsuccessfully to hold the frontier against the expansion of Slavs. Tassilos son Garibald II seems to have achieved a balance of power between 610 and 616, after Garibald II little is known of the Bavarians until Duke Theodo I, whose reign may have begun as early as 680. From 696 onwards he invited churchmen from the west to organize churches and his son, Theudebert, led a decisive Bavarian campaign to intervene in a succession dispute in the Lombard Kingdom in 714, and married his sister Guntrud to the Lombard King Liutprand. At Theodos death the duchy was divided among his sons, at Hugberts death the duchy passed to a distant relative named Odilo, from neighbouring Alemannia. He was defeated near Augsburg in 743 but continued to rule until his death in 748, saint Boniface completed the peoples conversion to Christianity in the early 8th century. Bavaria was in ways affected by the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century
8.
German football league system
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The top three professional levels contain one division each. Below this, the semi-professional and amateur levels have progressively more parallel divisions, teams that finish at the top of their division at the end of each season can rise higher in the pyramid, whilst those that finish at the bottom find themselves sinking further down. In theory it is possible for even the lowest local amateur club to rise to the top of the system, on top of the system sit the level 1 Bundesliga and the level two 2. Bundesliga, both organized by the professional German Football League, the two top flights then are followed by the level three 3. Liga, the lowest full professional division in Germany, held by the German Football Association itself, for Bavaria, the Bavarian Football Association, a member state association of the Southern German Football Association, runs their top division under their own jurisdiction. Starting at level five, the various fully amateur divisions are usually governed by the 21 state associations, after each season, the winners of the Bundesliga are crowned German football champions. The bottom two Bundesliga teams are relegated to 2, Bundesliga, whereas the best two teams of the second level promote to the top flight. Additionally, the third-last ranked team of Bundesliga and the third-best ranked team of 2, Bundesliga play a promotion/relegation playoff for the final spot in the next Bundesliga edition. Bundesliga teams are relegated to 3, liga, whereas the best two teams of the third level promote to the second flight. Additionally, the third-last ranked team of 2, Bundesliga and the third-best ranked team of 3. Liga play a playoff for the final spot in the next 2. The bottom three teams of 3, the two regional bodies Southwestern Regional Football Association and Southern German Football Association share the jurisdiction on the Regionalliga Südwest. As an exception to the promotion rules within the German league system. Instead the five division winners along with the runner-up of the Regionalliga Südwest enter a playoff for three promotion spots to the 3. The champions enter a promotion playoff along with the winners of the four other Regionalliga divisions, the champions enter a promotion playoff along with the winners of the four other Regionalliga divisions and the Regionalliga Südwest runner-up for three promotions to the 3. The champions enter a promotion playoff along with the winners of the four other Regionalliga divisions, the champions and the runner-up enter a promotion playoff along with the winners of the four other Regionalliga divisions for three promotions to the 3. By rule, the champions and the runner-up will not face each other in the promotion playoffs, mostly in line with the geographical borders of the 16 German states, amateur football is organised by 21 state football associations. Three states are subdivided into more than one state football association, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia is subdivided into three state associations, these being Middle Rhine, Lower Rhine and Westphalia
9.
Bezirksoberliga Bayern
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The seven Bezirksoberligas Bayern were the third highest level of the Bavarian football league system, below the Bayernliga and the Landesliga Bayern from 1988 to 2012. They were the seventh tier of the German football league system, until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the sixth tier of the league system, the seven Bezirksoberligas were introduced in 1988 to create a highest single-division playing level for each of the seven Bezirke. Before that the Bezirksligas were located right below the Landesliga in the pyramid and they were created upon suggestion of the 1. However, it took this club till 1998 to gain promotion to the Bezirksoberliga Schwaben, the winners of the seven Bezirksoberligas are automatically promoted to their respective Landesliga. The second-placed teams face a series of matches to determine one or two more promotion spots. Teams relegated from the Bezirksoberliga drop into the Bezirksliga of which there are two, except Oberbayern where there are three. Only one club has managed to win a Bezirksoberliga four times, the German term Bezirksoberliga is best translated as County Premier League. The Bezirke are political and administrative units similar to a county in size, with the league reform at the end of the 2011-12 season, which includes an expansion of the number of Landesligas from three to five, the Bezirksoberligas were disbanded. Instead, the Bezirksligas took the place of the Bezirksoberligas below the Landesligas once more, the clubs from the Bezirksoberligas joined the following leagues, Champions, Promotion round to the Bayernliga, winners to the Bayernliga, losers to the Landesliga. Teams placed 2nd to 6th, Directly qualified to the Landesliga, teams placed 7th or worse, Between two and six additional Landesliga places, according to the size of the Bezirk, to be determined in a play-off round with the Bezirksliga champions. Non-qualified teams to remain at this tier
10.
Swabian football league system
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The Swabian football league system is a league system operating in the Bavarian Regierungsbezirk of Swabia. The Swabian football league system operates within the Bavarian and German football league systems, the highest league in Swabia was, from 1988 to 2012, the Bezirksoberliga Schwaben, in its final years the seventh tier of the German football league system. Liga was introduced in 2008, was the sixth tier of the league system, reserve teams from clubs in the Kreisliga and below play in separate, parallel leagues without promotion or relegation. A reserve side can only enter the league system when the first team gains entry to the Bezirksliga. When a first team is relegated back down from the Bezirksliga, clubs in the B-Klasse do not suffer relegation as there is no league below, it is the bottom of the league pyramid in Swabia. In the other regions of Germany, where reserve sides are fully integrated, there is further leagues below the B-Klasse, in some areas there can also be a D and E-Klasse, like in Berlin. The Swabian league system is home to some clubs not actually based in Swabia, the best known of those clubs, all from the western part of Upper Bavaria, are the FC Pipinsried and the TSV Landsberg. In turn, some clubs from the very west of Swabia chose to play in the Württemberg league system, most successful of those are the SpVgg Au/Iller, FV Illertissen and the SpVgg Lindau. All up,75 clubs from Swabia play in the Württemberg league system,45 of those in the Donau/Iller region, in late 2010, the idea was floated that those clubs could be forced to return to the Bavarian league system but this idea was dropped again. The Swabian league system also accommodates one club from Austria, the SV Kleinwalsertal, with the league reform at the end of the 2011-12 season, which included an expansion of the number of Landesligas from three to five, the Bezirksoberligas were disbanded. Instead, the Bezirksligas took the place of the Bezirksoberligas once more at the level below the Landesligas, the league system from the 2014-15 season, All leagues on same level run parallel. ‡ Denotes league without clubs from Swabia since 2012-13, initially, only Oberbayern introduced both of this new levels. In 2010, Swabia introduced the B-Klasse, disbanding the A-Klasse for a season in the process to make adjustments to the league system, the following season, A-Klasses were reintroduced. The winner of competition was qualified for the Bavarian Cup. Through this competition, the winner and runners-up in turn gain entry to the German Cup, the record number of wins is held by FC Augsburg which won its thirteenth title in 2005. The competition went defunct in 2009
11.
Schwaben Cup
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The Schwaben Cup was a domestic cup competition in the Bavarian Regierungsbezirk of Swabia, played from 1947 to 2009. The competition was first played in 1947, before the reintroduction of the German Cup, with the introduction of the national cup competition, the Schwaben Cup also became a qualifying competition for it. The Schwaben Cup has been played annually since 1947 with the exception of 1956 and 1957, the competition was open to all senior mens teams from the Bezirk of Schwaben and clubs that play in the Schwaben football league system. However, it was not open to teams, meaning a club in the Bundesliga or 2nd Bundesliga could not take part. The FC Augsburg, record winner of the competition, currently in the second division, the competition was also open to reserve sides. From 1998, the Schwaben Cup winner was ellegible to take part in the Bavarian Cup and past winners have taken part in this competition. The TSV Aindling in 2003 and the TSG Thannhausen in 2006 have done so, a fixed rule of the competition was that the lower classed team would always have home advantage. Further in the past, another rule stipulated that the lower classed team did not need to win a tie to advance and this rule was however very unpopular with the stronger clubs and was rescinded after the 1998 final. With the expansion of the Bavarian Cup from 2009-10 onwards, the Schwaben Cup ceased to be held, the only thing remaining of the old competition is the three Kreis Cup competitions, who now function as a qualifying round to the Bavarian Cup. The cup operated on a system where it is split ito three regions, Augsburg, Allgäu and Donau and this winner then faces the winner of its sister region. The three remaining clubs of this competitions then entered the final rounds of the Schwaben Cup, together with the clubs from Schwaben which play in the Landesliga, Bayernliga and Regionalliga, at the end of this process was the Schwaben Cup final which was played at a neutral ground. In 1965,1994 and 1998 the title went to the team in a drawn final. On a large number of occasions, the FC Augsburg has qualified for the German Cup on merrit of its membership to the 2nd Bundesliga, das Fussball Jahresjournal Annual end-of-season magazine of the Swabian FA Bayrischer Fussball Verband Schwaben branch of the Bavarian FA The Bavarian Cup
12.
Bavarian Cup
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The Bavarian Cup, was created in 1998 and functions as a qualifying competition to the German Cup. It is one of the 21 regional cups in Germany and it is one of three regional associations who are permitted to send two amateur teams to the DFB Cup, the three associations doing so being the largest. An earlier incarnation of the Bavarian Cup existed from 1947 to 1954, the seven Bezirke in Bavaria each played their own cup competition which in turn used to function as a qualifying to the German Cup. Since 1998 these seven cup-winners plus the losing finalst of the region that won the previous event advanced to the newly introduced Bavarian Cup, the two finalists of this competition then advanced to the German Cup. Bavarian clubs which play in the first or second Bundesliga were not permitted to take part in the event, their reserve teams however could. Since 2008, reserve teams can not qualify for the DFB Cup any more, until 1998, the Bavarian Cup only existed in as much as it was a qualifying competition to the German Cup. This meant, in the years two semi-finals were played to determine the two Bavarian amateur teams entering the DFB-Pokal, but, oddly, no final between these two teams was ever played. Until 2008, no club had won the Bayernliga and the Bavarian Cup in the same season, the Bavarian Cup was completely overhauled and enlarged from 2009 onwards. Instead of only eight teams, it now consists of 64 clubs, the first round will be held in September of each season and the teams will be made up from the following groups, All Bavarian teams in the 3rd Liga and Regionalliga. The 24 regional cup winners, which will be held in August, the clubs in the Bayernliga and the three Landesligas play a qualification round to determine the teams to fill the remaining spots. The competition, made up of the 64 teams, is played in a knock-out format, two teams will continue to qualify for the German Cup, these being the cup winner and the winner of the game between the second and the third placed team. The later changed after 2012 when the spot was awarded to the best-placed non-reserve side of the Regionalliga Bayern. The Bavarian Cup, until 2009, was sub-divided into seven local cup competitions, in the first round of the 2011-12 competition, SpVgg Unterhaching finally ended this drought for the Bavrian clubs, defeating SC Freiburg 3-2 courtesy of a converted 87th-minute penalty. It was only open to sides, meaning clubs below the 2nd Oberliga Süd, except in 1951
13.
SpVgg Landshut
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The SpVgg Landshut is a German association football club from the city of Landshut, Bavaria. Both the clubs men and womens teams have in the past played in the highest state league. The club was formed in 1919, after the end of the First World War, however, football was already played at this stage in the football departments of the MTV and TV1861 Landshut. In the early days of the SpVgg, the club was associated with the later, the club made a brief appearance in the Bezirksliga Bayern in 1932–33, just before this league was dissolved in favour of the new Gauliga Bayern in 1933. It was to be the only appearance for the SpVgg Landshut in its history. After the Second World War, the SpVgg originally played in the Bezirksliga Niederbayern, the SpVgg achieved promotion to the Landesliga Bayern in 1948, then the second tier of the league system, below the Oberliga Süd. The league was renamed Amateurliga Bayern in 1950 and became the third tier of the league system, the club became part of the Amateurliga Südbayern for the 1953–54 season but its decline continued and it was relegated straight away. The team continued its existence in the 2nd Amateurliga Niederbayern, below the Bayernliga, until 1960, the next three seasons, the club spent in mid-table, until 1963, when the German football league system was reformed and the Amateurliga Bayern went back to a single-division format. Below the Bayernliga, three Landesligas were set up and Landshut entered the Landesliga Bayern-Mitte, until 1968, the club finished generally in the upper half of the table, but in 1968–69, it was relegated to the Bezirksliga, where it played for one season before bouncing back. In 1972–73, it was once more relegated, after two seasons of mid-table finishes, the club earned the right to enter the Oberliga promotion round through a second-place finish in 1981–82, where it succeeded and returned to the Bayernliga. Landshut remained a side in its next seven seasons in this league. It also qualified for the DFB Cup 1981-82, losing at home to third division side FV Hassia Bingen, the greatest success for the club came in 1986, when, under coach Karsten Wettberg, the title in the Bayernliga was won. The club entered the German amateur football championship instead, usually reserved for Oberliga runners-up, a second highlight in the clubs history was the DFB Cup 1988-89, which they qualified for. Beating BVL08 Remscheid 2–3 away, the team advanced to the second round and this was followed by a narrow defeat to Alemannia Aachen, 1–2, this time in Landshut. After this, the struggled against relegation in the following seasons. After three seasons in the Landesliga, the once more returned to the Oberliga on the strength of a runners-up spot in its league. Another eight seasons in the Bayernliga followed, a place in 1994 being the highlight. In 2000, the club was relegated once more, qualified for the German Cup for a third time, the SpVgg hosted Hansa Rostock in 1999–2000
14.
DFB-Pokal
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The DFB-Pokal or German Cup is a German knockout football cup competition held annually. Sixty-four teams participate in the competition, including all clubs from the Bundesliga and it is considered the second-most important club title in German football after the Bundesliga championship. The DFB-Pokal is run by the German Football Association, and runs from August until June, the winner qualifies for the DFL-Supercup and the UEFA Europa League unless the winner already qualifies for the UEFA Champions League in the Bundesliga. The competition was founded in 1935, then called the Tschammer-Pokal, in 1937, Schalke 04 were the first team to win the double. The Tschammer-Pokal was suspended in 1944 due to World War II, in 1952–53, the cup was reinstated as the DFB-Pokal, named after the DFB, and was won by Rot-Weiss Essen. Bayern Munich have won the most titles with 18 wins, also being the incumbent title holders, fortuna Düsseldorf hold the record for most consecutive tournament game wins between 1978 and 1981, winning the cup in 1979 and 1980. The competition format has varied considerably since the inception of the Tschammer-Pokal in 1935, the DFB-Pokal begins with a round of 64 teams. The 36 teams of the Bundesliga and 2, Bundesliga, along with the top four finishers of the 3. Liga are automatically qualified for the tournament, of the remaining slots 21 are given to the cup winners of the regional football associations, the Verbandspokale. The three remaining slots are given to the three regional associations with the most mens teams and they may assign the slot as they see fit but usually give it to the runner-up in the association cup. Reserve teams like Borussia Dortmund II are not permitted to enter, the pairings for the DFB Cup are not entirely random as the teams are split into two pots of 32 teams each. One pot contains all the amateur teams including teams from the 3, liga and the teams just being promoted to the 2. The other pot contains the teams from the Bundesliga and the teams of the 2, Bundesliga who has not just been promoted. Therefore, in the first round of the cup each professional team plays an amateur team, since 1982, the amateur generally plays at home when facing a professional team. For the second round, the teams are divided into two pots according to the same principles. This time, the dont have to be of equal size, though. Amateur teams get paired with professional teams until one pot is empty, the remaining teams are then drawn from the nonempty pot with the team first drawn playing at home. For the remaining other than the final the teams are drawn from one pot
15.
Bezirksoberliga Schwaben
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The Bezirksoberliga Schwaben was the seventh tier of the German football league system in the Bavarian Regierungsbezirk of Swabia. Until the introduction of the 3, liga in 2008 it was the sixth tier of the league system, until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 the fifth tier. The league was disbanded at the end of the 2011-12 season, the Bezirksoberligas in Bavaria were introduced in 1988 upon the suggestion of the 1. FC Sonthofen in 1986, to create a highest single-division playing level for each of the seven Regierungsbezirke, the term Bezirksoberliga translates roughly into County Premier League, a Regierungsbezirk being a similar administrative entity to a County. Before the introduction of the Bezirksoberligas, the Bezirksliga was the level of play below the Landesliga, the Bezirksliga Schwaben-Nord and Schwaben-Süd fed the Landesliga Bayern-Süd as they afterwards feed the Bezirksoberliga Schwaben. From 1963 to 1968 there was one common Bezirksliga in Schwaben. From 1968 onwards the Bezirksligas were always split, the winner of the Bezirksoberliga Schwaben, like the winner of the Bezirksoberliga Oberbayern, was directly promoted to the Landesliga Bayern-Süd. The two second placed teams out of those leagues played-off for another promotion spot, the winner went to Landesliga, the loser faced the 15th placed team out of the Landesliga for the last spot there. However, in some additional promotion places were available in the Landesliga. In 1994,2000 and 2004, three teams from Schwaben gained promotion to the Landesliga, the three bottom teams of the Bezirksoberliga were relegated to the Bezirksliga, the team just above those faced a play-off against the second placed Bezirksliga teams. The area covered by the Schwaben FA is not identical to the Bezirk Schwaben, mainly because that the Bezirks borders, therefore, there are quite a few clubs playing in Schwaben that are actually at home in Oberbayern. The TSV Landsberg and the FC Pipinsried are the most successful of those, also, some clubs from western Schwaben are playing in the Baden-Württemberg football league system. These are called the Iller Vereine after the river Iller that forms the border in this area and these mostly left the Schwaben FA in 1946, but some, like the SpVgg Lindau, have always played in Württemberg. Another oddity is the club SV Casino Kleinwalsertal, playing in the Schwaben, the Kleinwalsertal can only be accessed by land via Germany. The Schwaben Cup, one of the seven now defunct Bezirkspokale, a lower-level club always had home advantage to the higher one and also only need a draw to advance. In 1994 the SC Altenmünster and in 1998 the BC Aichach both won the cup against higher classed Bayernliga club FC Memmingen by drawing after extra time, the rule was changed for the cup-final game after 1998. In football however, the region that carries the name is the Bavarian region of Schwaben. With the league reform at the end of the 2011-12 season, instead, the Bezirksligas took the place of the Bezirksoberligas below the Landesligas once more
16.
Bavarian football league system
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The Bavarian football league system of the Bavarian Football Association ranks within the German football league system. Its highest division, the Regionalliga Bayern, is currently the fourth tier of German football, the lowest league in Bavaria is currently the C-Klasse, which is the 12th tier of German football. The top-tiers of the system as operated from 2014–15 onwards. League strengths are nominal and may vary from season to season, in 1988, upon the suggestion of the 1. FC Sonthofen in 1986, the Bezirksoberligas were introduced in Bavaria, the reason for this was the integration of all reserve teams into the normal competition. In the Bezirke who did not follow suit, like Schwaben, the Bavarian football federation carried out drastic changes to the league system at the end of the 2011–12 season. With the introduction of the Regionalliga Bayern from 2012–13, it placed two Bayernligas below the Regionalliga, below those, five Landesligas instead of the existing three were set, which were geographically divided to limit travel and increase the number of local derbies. This is a table of the progression of the Bavarian league system by tier since 1963, ‡ Since 1998 the B-, until 2009, the seven Bezirke in Bavaria each played their own cup competition which in turn functioned as qualifier to the German Cup. Starting in 1998 these seven cup-winners advanced to the Bavarian Cup, the two finalists of this competition then advanced to the German Cup. Since 2009, the cup competitions were dissolved and qualifying competitions established instead for the lower amateur leagues. The teams in the divisions of Bavarian football entered the enlarged Bavarian Cup directly. FC Nuremberg Amateure became the first reserve team to enter the Bayernliga, regulations were slowly lowered and, in 1980, reserve teams of Landesliga clubs were permitted to enter the league pyramid, too. However, should a club out of the Landesliga, its reserve side would have to return to reserve football. With the introduction of the Bezirksoberliga in 1988, reserve teams from this league were permitted to enter regular league football, some years later, this right was also awarded to Bezirksliga clubs. Bavaria was however slow to allow all reserve sides to enter the league system, eventually, this hurdle was dropped too, but the final decision was awarded to the individual Bezirke. Up to the fourth-lowest level, senior and reserve team can play at the same level, in between, in 2008, reserve sides lost their right to compete in the cup competitions. Apart from the leagues, the Bavarian FA also operates league systems of womens. In the womens league system, the Bayernliga, the tier of the German league system, is set as the highest state league
17.
Landesliga Bayern
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The current Landesligas were formed in 1963, when the Bundesliga was established. From 2012, when the Regionalliga Bayern was established, the Landesligas were expanded from three to five divisions, previous to that, from 1945 to 1950, the Landesliga Bayern existed as a tier-two league below the Oberliga Süd. From 1945 to 1950, the Bayernliga was called Landesliga Bayern and it was then the second tier of Southern German Football. The league was established after the Second World War, consisting of nine clubs, after its first season, 1945–46, it expanded to two divisions, north and south, with eleven clubs each. At the end of season, the two champions played for the Bavarian title and Oberliga promotion. In 1947-48, each division had 13 clubs, in its last two seasons, 1948–49 and 1949–50, the league returned to a single division format. In 1948-49, it consisted of 16 clubs with the top two teams earning promotion, in 1949-50,14 clubs were in the league and the best five teams earned entry to the newly formed 2. Oberliga Süd, which became the second tier in Southern Germany, the remaining nine clubs plus seven promoted teams formed the new Amateurliga Bayern, now the third tier. Since the start of the promotion play-offs in 1981, Landesliga Süd had won the extra spot 17 times, Landesliga Mitte 8 times, in 1985,1994,1996 and 2003 additional spots were available on top of the usual four. The German word Landesliga can be pretty literally translated as State League, the winners of those gained promotion, the runners-up faced a promotion play-off for a number of promotion spot which vary from season to season. Previous to that, the Bezirksligas were set below the Landesligas, only four teams in Bavaria have never dropped down to Landesliga level, these being FC Bayern Munich, TSV1860 München,1. Since 1980, the teams of Landesliga clubs are permitted to enter the league system. Previous to that, they had to compete in separate leagues, with only teams in the Bayernliga. The Bavarian football federation decided on changes to the league system from 2012 onwards. With the introduction of the Regionalliga Bayern from 2012–13, it placed two Bayernligas, north and south, below the new league as the new tier of the German league system. Below those, five Landesligas instead of the three were set, which would be geographically divided to limit travel and increase the number of local derbies
18.
Regionalliga
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The Regionalliga is the fourth tier of football in the German football league system. Until 1974, it was the second tier of the system before being disbanded. The Regionalliga was then re-introduced as the tier of the system in 1994. Upon introduction of a new nationwide 3, liga in 2008, it was demoted to the fourth level of the pyramid. From the introduction of the Bundesliga in 1963 until the formation of the 2, bundesligas, Süd and Nord became the second tier of German Football and the Regionalligas ceased existing for the next 20 years. In 1994, the Regionalligas were re-introduced, this time as the tier of German Football. There were initially four Regionalligas, Regionalliga Süd, Regionalliga West/Südwest, Regionalliga Nord, Regionalliga Nordost, Between 1994 and 2000, Bundesliga was regulated without much continuity. It was a rule, as becoming champion of a division did not automatically mean promotion for that team. The champions of the South and West/Southwest divisions were promoted, however. The champions of the North and Northeast divisions had a play-off to decide who would get the promotion spot. This rule was justified because there are clubs in the southern part of Germany than the north. This led to clubs in the Southern division being geographically further north than some northern clubs. The champions and the runners-up of both divisions were promoted to the 2, in 2008, the Regionalliga was demoted to become the fourth tier of football in Germany after the introduction of a new nationwide 3. This may lead to teams assigned to an other than their geographical one. An example for this is BV Cloppenburg, who was assigned to the Western division for the 2008–09 season despite being located in Niedersachsen, in October 2010, yet another reform of the Regionalligas was decided upon. The number of leagues were now to be expanded to five, with the defunct Regionalliga Nordost to be reestablished and a Regionalliga Bayern to be established. Also, the Regionalliga West would lose the clubs from the south west to a new league, formed out of those clubs, the new system is due to come into operation in the 2012–13 season. It was also decided to limit the number of teams per Regionalliga to seven
19.
3. Liga
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Liga, is the third division of football in Germany. The league started with the beginning of the 2008–09 season, when it replaced the Regionalliga as the third football league in Germany. In the German football league system, it is positioned between the 2, Bundesliga and the semi-professional Regionalliga, which became the fourth division and initially consisted of three groups of 18 clubs playing separately. Liga is the highest division that a football clubs reserve team can play in, on 8 September 2006, the German Football Association, the DFB, announced the formation of the 3. It was originally anticipated that the name would be 3. Bundesliga, but the DFB chose 3, Liga instead, reflecting the fact that the league will be directly administered by the DFB, not by the German Football League DFL who runs both Bundesliga and 2. The first match of the 3, Liga was played on 25 July 2008 between FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt and Dynamo Dresden at the Steigerwaldstadion in Erfurt. Dynamo Dresden won the match 1–0, with Halil Savran scoring the goal in the closing stages of the first half. From its foundation in 2008 to 2013 the league had been operating on a financial loss, the 2013–14 season saw the league make a profit for the first time, being €4.9 million in the plus. This makes it the third-most economically successful professional league in all German sports, the teams which are not reserve teams of Bundesliga teams among the 20 teams in the league compete for promotion to the 2. Bundesliga, while the three teams are relegated to one of the five Regionalligen, Regionalliga Nord, Regionalliga Nordost, Regionalliga West, Regionalliga Südwest. If, however, a team is playing in the 3. Liga and the respective first team is relegated to the 3, Liga, the reserve team will be relegated to the Regionalliga regardless of its league position. At the end of the 2007–08 season, the two best non-reserve teams from each of the two divisions of the Regionalliga were promoted to the 2, the teams ranked third to tenth in both Regionalliga entered the new 3. Liga, joining the four teams relegated from the 2, Bundesliga to form the new 20-team league. Teams finishing 11th or lower in their Regionalliga remained where they were, on 18 May 2008, at the end of the 2007–082. Bundesliga season, four clubs were relegated from the 2, Bundesliga and became charter members of the 3. Liga, Kickers Offenbach, FC Erzgebirge Aue, SC Paderborn 07, on 31 May 2008, at the end of the 2007–08 Regionalliga seasons, clubs placing third through tenth in the Regionalliga Nord and the Regionalliga Süd also qualified for the new 3
20.
2. Bundesliga
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Bundesliga is the second division of professional football in Germany. Bundesliga is ranked below the Bundesliga and above the 3, liga in the German football league system. Bundesliga clubs qualify for the DFB-Pokal, the annual German Cup competition, a total of 125 clubs have competed in the 2. The decision to establish the league as the level of football in West Germany was taken in May 1973. The league started operating in August 1974, then two divisions of 20 clubs. It was reduced to a division in 1981. From the 1991–92 season onwards clubs from former East Germany started participating in the league and it returned to a single division format again at the end of that season and has had 18 clubs as its strength since 1994. Bundesliga are directly promoted to the Bundesliga, while a third promoted club has been determined through play-offs from 1974 to 1991, between 1991 and 2008 the third-placed club in the league was directly promoted. The bottom clubs in the league are relegated to the division which has been, from 1974 to 1994 the Oberliga, from 1994 to 2008 the Regionalliga. The number of relegated clubs has fluctuated over the years, since 2008 two clubs are directly relegated while the third-last team has the opportunity to defend its league place in play-offs against the third placed team of the 3. FC Nürnberg holds the number of championships in the league with four. The club also holds the record for number of promotions from the 2, for the 2015–16 season, an average of 19,176 spectators watched 2. Bundesliga the worlds most-watched secondary football league, the decision to establish the 2. Bundesliga as a professional league below the Bundesliga was made at the annual convention of the German Football Association. The league replaced the five Regionalligas that were at this level from 1963 to 1974, the qualified teams were established through a ranking that took the last five seasons of the Regionalliga into account. Bundesliga was split into a northern and a division with 20 clubs each. Each division had its champion directly promoted to the Bundesliga while the two runners-up would contest a two-leg play-off to determine the promoted team. The first-ever game of the league was played on Friday,2 August 1974 between 1, FC Saarbrücken and SV Darmstadt 98 and ended in a 1–0 win for Saarbrücken, with Nikolaus Semlitsch scoring the first-ever goal of the new league
21.
Regionalliga Bayern
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The Regionalliga Bayern, is the highest association football league in the state of Bavaria and the Bavarian football league system. It is one of five Regionalligas in German football, the tier of the German football league system. The league was established at the end of the 2011–12 season, the German league system, having gone through its last adjustment in 2008, when the 3. Liga was established and the number of Regionalligas increased from two to three, required another adjustment in 2011, many clubs also struggled to cope with the 400-pages long license application, having to rely on volunteers rather than being able draw on permanent staff. In a special conference of the German Football Association, the DFB, for this purpose, the paper also demanded the reestablishment of the German amateur football championship as an incentive and goal for top amateur clubs who did not want to turn professional. On 16 December 2011, the BFV introduced the leagues logo, in March 2012 the BFV announced that the league champions, apart from having the opportunity to compete in the promotion round to the 3. Liga, would qualify directly for the first round of the German Cup. Due to the ban of reserve teams in the German Cup this spot would be handed to the best placed first team should the champions be a reserve side. With the deadline for the applications for the new league set for 1 April 2012,32 clubs had applied for the new league. Of those, one came from the 3, Liga, six from the Regionalliga, eight from the Landesliga and two from leagues outside of Bavaria. Of the 18 Bayernliga clubs,15 applied for a licence, with only TSV Gersthofen, TSV Aindling, of the Landesliga clubs, eight applied for a licence. The BFV planned to complete the procedure by 20 April 2012 and notify all clubs of the outcome by that date. On 20 April 2012 the FSV Erlangen-Bruck opted to withdraw its Regionalliga application because of ongoing financial issues, all Bayernliga and Regionalliga clubs had their licence applications approved by 27 April 2012 while the Landesliga clubs had to wait another week before being notified of a decision. The champions and runners-up of the league, Promoted teams in bold, alexander Deptalla of Bamberg became the first ever goal scorer in the league. The league champions in turn qualified for the round to the 3. Liga, in which it met the runners-up of the Regionalliga Südwest, SV Elversberg, and lost. FC Bayern Munich II won the title in the second season of the league but was, like the reserve of 1860 Munich the year before. The FV Illertissen was, for the consecutive season the best non reserve side in the league
22.
Promotion and relegation
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In sports leagues, promotion and relegation is a process where teams are transferred between two divisions based on their performance for the completed season. In some leagues, playoffs or qualifying rounds are used to determine rankings. This process can continue through several levels of divisions, with teams being exchanged between levels 1 and 2, levels 2 and 3, levels 3 and 4, the number of teams exchanged between the divisions is almost always identical. Such variations will almost inevitably cause an effect through the lower divisions. Even in the absence of such circumstances, the pyramid-like nature of most European football league systems can still create knock-on effects at the regional level. The system is said to be the characteristic of the European form of professional sports league organization. Promotion and relegation have the effect of allowing the maintenance of a hierarchy of leagues and divisions and they also maintain the importance of games played by many low-ranked teams near the end of the season, which may be at risk of relegation. In contrast, a low-ranked US or Canadian teams final games serve little purpose, although not intrinsic to the system, problems can occur due to the differing monetary payouts and revenue-generating potential that different divisions provide to their clubs. For example, financial hardship has sometimes occurred in leagues where clubs do not reduce their wage bill once relegated, some leagues offer parachute payments to its relegated teams for the following year. The payouts are higher than the money received by some non-relegated teams and are designed to soften the financial hit that clubs take whilst dropping out of the Premier League. However, in many cases these parachute payments just serve to inflate the costs of competing for promotion among the lower division clubs as newly relegated teams retain a financial advantage. If these are not satisfied, a team may be promoted in their place. While the primary purpose of the system is to maintain competitive balance. On several occasions, the Italian Football Federation has relegated clubs found to have involved in match-fixing. This occurred most recently in 2006, when the initial champions Juventus were relegated to Serie B. An exception is the proposed UEFA Nations League, which will feature promotion and relegation across four levels, in tennis, the Davis Cup has promotion and relegation where each group uses a knockout tournament format in which first-round losers play off to avoid relegation. In the United States, Canada, and Australia, teams are not promoted or relegated. The USL set up two leagues, now known as the United Soccer League and the Premier Development League, although the system is now in place, it is not compulsory and is rarely used
23.
TSV Schwaben Augsburg
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TSV Schwaben Augsburg is a German football club which is part of a larger sports association whose origins go back to the 1847 formation of the gymnastics club Turnverein Augsburg. The associations football department was formed in 1903 and after 29 March 1919 played as Schwaben Augsburg, local bylaws required the formation of a fire brigade and in 1848 the members of TV also formed the Augsburger Freiwillige Feuerwehr. In 1853 TV was banned for political reasons by authorities fearful of democratic leanings, in 1907 former TV members also established FC Augsburg. MTV1863 Augsburg had re-united with its parent club in 1868 and in 1919, after the end of World War I and that same year the club was also joined by the members of SV Augsburg which had been established in 1905 as FC Pfersee. The comings and goings of TV club members continued in the interwar period, the women of Turnclub Augsburg and Damenschwimmverein Augsburg joined in 1919 and 1920 respectively. SV Schwaben was formed in 1924 by footballers, hockey players and that same year TV partnered up with TSV1925 Meitingen. TV offshoots SV Schwaben and SSV Augsburg merged to become Sport- und Spielvereine Schwaben Augsburg, and in 1933 FC Viktoria and Schwimmverein Delphi joined TV. Throughout this period the football side made frequent appearances in the Bezirksliga Bayern. In 1933 German football was re-organized under the Third Reich into sixteen top-flight divisions, Schwaben Augsburg joined the Gauliga Bayern, but was relegated after just two seasons. The club returned to first division play in 1937, but again only stayed up for two years. Schwaben was promoted more in 1940, while the teams parent club TV Augsburg was forced by Nazi sports authorities into a merger with SSV Schwaben Augsburg to form TSV Schwaben Augsburg in 1941. The football team remained in a weakened Gauliga until the end of World War II playing as a lower to mid-table side, after the war occupying Allied authorities ordered the dissolution of all organizations in Germany, including sports and football associations. Former TSV footballers formed FC Viktoria Augsburg in late 1945, in this period, the club managed to march from the Oberliga straight down to the Amateurliga Bayern, and back, in consecutive seasons, an unusual archivemend. After the formation of the Bundesliga – Germanys first professional league – in 1963, nonetheless Schwaben continued to operate a football department, being joined by the footballers of Eintracht Augsburg in 1970. The team went on to advance to the highest amateur class, for many years from then, the club played as a yo-yo side moving between the Oberliga and the fifth division Landesliga Bayern-Süd. After one more relegation from the Oberliga in 2002, the club remained in the Landesliga, in 2007, it found itself back in the highest league of the Schwaben FA, the Bezirksoberliga Schwaben, for the first time since 1975. There the club struggled too and could not avoid relegation, to the Bezirksliga Schwaben-Süd. In the Bezirksliga, the club met the BC Augsburg-Oberhausen, a named and based on the old BC Augsburg
24.
TSV 1865 Dachau
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Turn- und Sportverein Dachau 1865 e. V. commonly known as TSV1865 Dachau, is a German sports club based in Dachau, Bavaria. TSV1865 Dachau is best known for the success of the Taekwondo department within the club, TSV1865 Dachau was founded in Dachau in 1865. However, the TSV1865 Dachau does not have their own field for almost 55 years before the Ludwig-Böswirth-Platz was erected on the Augustenfeld in Dachau in 1921. World War II led the discontinuantion of the club and it was not revived again till 1950, the club finally added their own sports hall as it was built on the clubs sports field between 1956 and 1959. The taekwondo department was originally a department of sports club SSV Dachau-Ost in the 1970s, since 1976, the members of the Taekwondo department have won several regional, German national, and international championships. The current trainer of the department is Reinhard Langer, who achieved fourth place in the Summer Olympics, as well as a former a 5-time German champion, the German national team has their Olympic Training Center in Dachau, due to the success of TSV1865 Dachaus taekwondo team. The football department of TSV was founded in 1912 as the first independent department of the club, before joining the South German Football Association, the TSV1865 Dachau only played the friendlies in the first year. After joining the Association, the first official game was played in 1917, also in 1917 during the first season, TSV1865 Dachau won the Bezirks München over TSV1860 München and FC Bayern Munich. Next season in 1918, the finished third behind those associations. After the conclusion of World War I, the club started to play in A-Klasse, after played in A-Klasse, TSV1865 Dachau was promoted to the highest Bayern football league, Kreisliga Bayern in 1922. Being placed in the Kreisliga Südbayern, TSV1865 Dachau finished the 1922 season in 8th place, after the relegation, the club was unable to achieve any more significant success ever since. In the last decade, the mens first team played in the Bezirksliga Oberbayern-Nord, in the decider, TSV1865 Dachau lost to TSV Manching in a penalty shoot-out and finished second behind TSV Manching in 2010–11 Bezirksliga Oberbayern-Nord. At the end of the 2012–13 season, TSV1865 Dachau was moved to the division within the Landesliga Bayern. Winning this league the club earned promotion to the Bayernliga for the first time, the basketball department is known as the Dachau Spurs and currently plays in the 1. Christian Stüber holds the record for the most appearance in the official matches with 226 appearances for Dachau Spurs. Dachau Spurs plays their games in the Jahnhalle which is part of the Jahnstraße in Dachau. The TSVs basketball department also plays in the youth leagues such as, U10 Kreisliga, U12 Kreisliga, U13 Kreisliga, U14 Bezirksoberliga, U16 Bezirksliga, U17 Kreisliga. Official website TSV1865 Dachau – Taekwondo department Dachau Spurs – TSV1865 Dachaus Basketball department
25.
SpVgg Hankofen-Hailing
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The SpVgg Hankofen-Hailing is a German association football club from the villages of Hankofen and Hailing in the municipality of Leiblfing, Bavaria. The clubs greatest success came in 2012 when it qualified for the new division of the expanded Bayernliga. For most of its history the club has been an amateur side in local Bavarian football. The clubs rise began in 1992 when it was promoted to the Kreisklasse Dingolfing in which it finished runners-up in 1993 and 1994 before winning promotion to the Bezirksliga in 1995. SpVgg immediately became a side at this level, finishing sixth in its first season and fourth in its second. The latter allowed the club to move up to the Landesliga Bayern-Mitte, after a difficult first year, the club finished in the upper half of the table for the second, third and fourth seasons there but was relegated in 2006 after finishing 15th. SpVgg bounced back immediately, winning the Bezirksoberliga again and returning to the Landesliga and it was unable to establish itself however, finished 16th, and was relegated again. Two more seasons in the Bezirksoberliga followed before the club won a league title there. This third title also equaled SpVgg GW Deggendorfs record of three titles in the Bezirksoberliga Niederbayern, which no other club achieved until the league was disbanded in 2012, back in the Landesliga SpVgg performed much better as in the past, coming fourth in its first year there. The second season, the last of the league in its current format, saw a sixth-place finish, in its first Bayernliga season, the club came tenth, followed by a seventh place in 2013–14 and a sixth place the year after. With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3, liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier, all leagues from the Bezirksligas onwards were elevated one tier. de
26.
FC Ismaning
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FC Ismaning is a German association football club based in Ismaning by Munich, Bavaria. The 700 member club was founded in March 1921 and played in lower tier competition until the mid-90s when the footballers advanced for the first time to the Landesliga Bayern-Süd. Ismaning enjoyed its most successful season to date in 1999–2000 when it took the Landesliga title to move up to the Oberliga Bayern, the regional cup win led to the sides participation in the DFB-Pokal tournament where it was put out by Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund in the first round. The team has played in the fourth tier for seven seasons, after this, the clubs fortunes took a dive with a 14th place finish in 2006–07, when relegation was narrowly avoided. The 2007–08 season saw improvement however when the club finished 10th in the Oberliga, in 2009–10, the club had showed its best performance in the league yet, finishing second. They won the Bayernliga on 21 May 2011 with a 4–1 win at home to SV Seligenporten, at the end of the 2011–12 season the club managed to finish in the top nine of the Bayernliga and thereby directly qualified for the new tier four Regionalliga Bayern. In the 2012–13 season the club struggled in the region of the table all season and was eventually relegated back to the Bayernliga. Ismaning finished last in the Bayernliga in 2013–14 and was relegated after losing to TuS Holzkirchen in the relegation round, after two seasons in the Landesliga a division title in 2015–16 took the club back up to the Bayernliga. FC Ismaning plays its fixtures in the Stadion an der Lindenstraße. With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3, liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier, all leagues from the Bezirksligas onwards were elevated one tier. The club has qualified for the first round of the German Cup just once, Source, kassel, AGON Sportverlag ISBN 3-89784-147-9 Official team site FC Ismaning at Weltfussball. de Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables
27.
TSV Kottern
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TSV Kottern is a German association football club from Kottern in Kempten, Bavaria. The team was established on 15 September 1925 as Freier Fußballclub Kottern as a sports club. The club was broken up as politically undesirable under the Nazi regime, the side played in the senior local level A-Klasse competition throughout the 30s and on into the mid-40s. They won a title in 1953 and advanced to the Landesliga Bayern, the top level competition in the state. German football was re-structured with the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963, and TSV was sent down to the Bezirksliga Schwaben-Süd, Kottern found itself relegated to the A-Klasse Süd in 1970 and 1978 but both times returned to the Bezirksliga shortly after. In October 1971, the club TSV Kottern merged with the TSV St. Mang to form TSV Kottern-St, for the 2007–08 season, Kottern was back in the Bezirksoberliga and found itself struggeling in the relegation zone. The club terminated its manager, Uwe Zenkner, on 3 December 2007 and hired Bernd Kunze in the hope of improving its situation, another Bezirksoberliga title in 2010 took the club back to the Landesliga. At the end of the 2011–12 season the club qualified directly for the newly expanded Bayernliga after finishing sixth in the Landesliga, in this league the club lasted for only one season before suffering relegation back to the Landesliga. It won the Landesliga Südwest title in 2014–15 and was promoted back to the Bayernliga, the TSV Kottern also used to operate an ice hockey department from 1950 to April 2007. The clubs senior team left the TSV to turn professional and form the EA Kempten in 1983, the TSV however continued to field an amateur side. With the end of ice hockey in Kempten in 2004. From 2004, the played in the Landesliga for three seasons, after winning the Bavarian Bezirksliga championship and gaining promotion. In April 2007 it was decided to form a new, semi-professional side, with the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier, all leagues from the Bezirksligas onwards were elevated one tier. Official team site ESC Kempten website Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables
28.
TSV 1860 Munich II
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The TSV1860 Munich II is the reserve team of German football club TSV1860 München, from the city of Munich, Bavaria. Until 2005, the team played under the name of TSV1860 München Amateure, in the 2014–15 season, the team plays in the tier-four Regionalliga Bayern. Within the club, it operates as a side, designated to develop players from the youth to the first-team stage. The Amateurliga Südbayern was then one of two leagues at this level in Bavaria, covering the southern half of the state while the Amateurliga Nordbayern existed in parallel in the north. TSV1860 München Amateure, as the team was known as, was the third reserve side to reach this level in Bavaria. FC Nuremberg II and FC Bayern Munich II, the team finished an excellent second in its first year in the third division, five points behind TSV Schwaben Augsburg. The following season, 1960–61, the team won its league, 1860s amateur side was however ineligible for promotion as reserve teams could not rise above third division level. The team also declined participation in the Bavarian championship finals against northern champions 1, FC Haßfurt as nine players had left the side already to join other clubs. With this loss, the team was uncompetitive the following season, finishing fourteenth in the league, in its first season in the Landesliga,1860 narrowly avoided relegation to the Bezirksliga, finishing twelfth in the league. It turned fortunes around the season, coming second behind SpVgg Kaufbeuren. Another runners-up finish followed in 1967, this time to FC Bayern Munich II, the team finished in mid-field in the following years but suffered another relegation in 1971, now to the tier-five Bezirksliga. The teams decline went in line with the clubs first teams relegation from the Fußball-Bundesliga in 1970,1860 Amateure returned to the Landesliga in 1973 and earned another runners-up finish in its first year back. In 1976, the once more was relegated to the Bezirksliga. The team once more returned from the Bezirksliga in 1980 and finished as runners-up in the Landesliga in 1981-82. Since 1981, the Landesliga runners-up were entitled to participate in a Bayernliga promotion round, what happened was that TSV1860 had its 2nd Bundesliga licence revoked and was forcefully relegated to the tier-three Amateur Oberliga Bayern, the Bayernliga. The team started its road to recovery when it won the tier-six Bezirksliga Oberbayern-Süd in 1990, the team missed out on another promotion the following year, when it came equal second in the Bezirksoberliga but lost a decider to FC Miesbach. It took until 1995 for the side to return for another attempt at promotion, back in the Landesliga, the team won another promotion on first try, winning the league and moving up to the Bayernliga for the first time since 1963. There,1860 won its promotion in four years, taking out another league title
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SV Pullach
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The SV Pullach is a German association football club from the town of Pullach, Bavaria. The clubs greatest success came in 2013 when it qualified for the division of the Bayernliga. The club was formed on 6 August 1946 and, for most of its history, has been an amateur side in local Bavarian football. SVP won promotion to the tier seven Bezirksliga Oberbayern-Süd in 1994, the Bezirksliga title took the club up to the Bezirksoberliga Oberbayern where it would play for ten of the next eleven seasons. Its first stint of seven seasons was crowned with two fourth place finishes but a 16th place in 2004 meant relegation back to the Bezirksliga and it immediately rebounded with another title at this level and, this time, became a stronger side in the Bezirksoberliga. After a third and a place the club won this league in 2008. The club finished third in the Landesliga in its first year, Pullach became the first ever champion of this league in 2013 and earned another promotion, now to the Bayernliga. In its first season there the team fifth in the southern division of the Bayernliga. Because of a lack of a suitable Regionalliga stadium the club declined to participate in the round to the Regionalliga Bayern. With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3, liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier, all leagues from the Bezirksligas onwards were elevated one tier. Official team site Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables Manfreds Fussball Archiv Tables and results from the Bavarian amateur leagues SV Pullach at Weltfussball. de
30.
TSV Rain am Lech
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The TSV Rain am Lech is a German association football club from the town of Rain am Lech, Bavaria. The clubs most notable achievement has been to qualify for the tier four Regionalliga Bayern in 2012 and it returned to this league after a Bayernliga title in 2015. The club has qualified for the first round of the DFB-Pokal. The club was formed in 1896 under the name TV Rain am Lech as a gymnastics club, a football department was however not formed, instead, the FC Rain am Lech came into being on 31 August 1920 and took up the sport. While the two clubs existed independently for many years, in 1941 a forced merger formed the TSG Rain am Lech, the worsening war situation had made this step necessary but activities were severely limited in the coming years. With the end of the Second World War, this merger ended. The FC soon reestablished itself but the TV was struggling to do so due to a number of losses of its members during the war. In the spring of 1946, the two decided to merge once more, this time by free choice and the TSV Rain am Lech was formed. The new club retained the old colors of the TV, red, a new club constitution was drafted on 30 April 1946 and the US occupation authorities sanctioned the new club on 6 May 1946. By the end of June 1946, the new club already had 180 members, while the club offered a number of sports, football was virtually the only one played on competitive level. In 1987, the club celebrated a new record in membership, after its formation in 1920, The FC Rain entered the 2nd Kreisklasse Schwaben Nord, a league it performed rather well in the coming seasons. After its third title in this league in 1929–30, it earned promotion to the 1st Kreisklasse, the club once more achieved promotion in 1937 but this time only lasted for one year in the higher level. Despite winning the title and promotion again in 1938–39 the FC Rain chose to withdraw from the due to the outbreak of the war. The club continued in 1945 where it finished six years earlier, under the new name of TSV Rain, this trend continued. In 1949, the 2nd Kreisliga was renamed B-Klasse and the belonged to this league for two seasons until winning promotion in 1951 to the now A-Klasse Nordschwaben. The TSV remained in this league until 1962 with the exception of 1953–54, in 1962, a A-Klassen championship earned them promotion to the Bezirksliga for the first time and the team held this league, the Bezirksliga Schwaben until 1967. From 1967 to 1974, they played in the A-Klasse once more, another title in this league in 1973–74 meant a return to the now regionalised Bezirksliga Schwaben-Nord. In this league, the TSV Rain finished on top in its first season, the Landesliga proved to be a much harder place to succeed in and the team was immediately relegated
31.
SSV Jahn Regensburg II
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The SSV Jahn Regensburg II is a German association football club from the city of Regensburg, Bavaria. It is the team of SSV Jahn Regensburg. With the decline of the team which was relegated from the tier two 2nd Oberliga Süd to the Bayernliga in 1963 the reserve side quickly disappeared into regional football again. While the first team returned to the Regionalliga Süd immediately the following year Jahn II spend the next six seasons in the Landesliga. The last three of those the team close to promotion on each occasion but it took until 2012 for the side to move up to the Bayernliga again. With the later league expanded once more to two divisions the team was grouped in the one for the first season. In 2013 the side was transferred to the northern division where it played for three seasons until 2016 when it moved back to the south. With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3, liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier, all leagues from the Bezirksligas onwards were elevated one tier
32.
DJK Vilzing
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The DJK Vilzing is a German association football club from the village of Vilzing, located near Cham, Bavaria. DJK stands for Deutsche Jugendkraft, an organisation associated with the Catholic Church. The clubs greatest success came in 2014 when it qualified for the division of the Bayernliga. Playing in the Bezirksoberliga Oberpfalz for two seasons from 1998 to 2000 DJK came fourth in its first season there, followed by a league championship and promotion the year after. A six-year stint in the Landesliga Bayern-Mitte followed in which the club, however, in the 2005–06 season Vilzing came sixteenth and was relegated back to the Bezirksoberliga. Another league championship the year saw the club move back up to the Landesliga. Vilzings results gradually worsened season after season, resulting in relegation from the league in 2011. The club played the 2011–12 season in the Bezirksoberliga once more, the Bezirksoberligas were disbanded in 2012 and the Landesligas expanded from three to five divisions, allowing the club to move up to the Landesliga once more despite finishing only fourth. DJK entered the Landesliga Bayern-Mitte once more but this league now covered a smaller area then the previous league which had existed from 1963 to 2012. In its inaugural season the club came second but failed to achieve Bayernliga qualification in the promotion round, the second season saw Vilzing repeat this result but this time it succeeded in the promotion round and qualified for the southern division of the Bayernliga for 2014–15. The club finished in place in its first-ever Bayernliga season. With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3, liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier, all leagues from the Bezirksligas onwards were elevated one tier. Official team site Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables Manfreds Fussball Archiv Tables and results from the Bavarian amateur leagues DJK Vilzing at Weltfussball. de
