1.
Brutalist architecture
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Brutalist architecture is a movement in architecture that flourished from the 1950s to the mid-1970s, descending from the modernist architectural movement of the early 20th century. The term originates from the French word for raw in the used by Le Corbusier to describe his choice of material béton brut. British architectural critic Reyner Banham adapted the term into brutalism to identify the emerging style, there is often an emphasis on graphically expressing in the external elevations and in the whole-site architectural plan the main functions and people-flows of the buildings. Brutalism became popular for educational buildings, but was rare for corporate projects. Brutalism became favoured for government projects, high-rise housing. In one critical appraisal by Banham, Brutalism was posited not as a style, Brutalism as an architectural critical term was not always consistently used by critics, architects themselves usually avoided using it altogether. More recently, brutalism has become used in popular discourse to refer to buildings of the twentieth century that are large or unpopular – as a synonym for brutal. The term brutalism was originally coined by the Swedish architect Hans Asplund to describe Villa Göth in Uppsala, designed in 1949 by his contemporaries Bengt Edman and he originally used the Swedish-language term nybrutalism, which was picked up by a group of visiting English architects, including Michael Ventris. In England, the term was adopted by architects Alison. The best known proto Brutalist architecture is the work of the Swiss architect Le Corbusier, in particular his 1952 Unité dHabitation, Brutalist buildings are usually formed with repeated modular elements forming masses representing specific functional zones, distinctly articulated and grouped together into a unified whole. Concrete is used for its raw and unpretentious honesty, contrasting dramatically with the refined and ornamented buildings constructed in the elite Beaux-Arts style. Surfaces of cast concrete are made to reveal the nature of its construction. Brutalist building materials include brick, glass, steel, rough-hewn stone. Another common theme in Brutalist designs is the exposure of the buildings functions—ranging from their structure, from another perspective, the design of the Hunstanton School included placing the facilitys water tank, normally a hidden service feature, in a prominent, visible tower. This style had a position in the architecture of European communist countries from the mid-1960s to the late 1980s. In Czechoslovakia brutalism was presented as an attempt to create a national, John Andrewss government and institutional structures in Australia also exhibit the style. In the United States Paul Rudolph and Ralph Rapson are both noted Brutalists, Walter Netsch is known for his Brutalist academic buildings. Marcel Breuer was known for his approach to the style
2.
Montreal
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Montreal, officially Montréal, is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada as a whole. Originally called Ville-Marie, or City of Mary, it is believed to be named after Mount Royal, the city has a distinct four-season continental climate, with warm-to-hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In 2016, Montreal had a population of 1,704,694, Montreals metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,927 and a population of 1,958,257 in the urban agglomeration, with all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal included. Legally a French-speaking city,60. 5% of Montrealers speak French at home,21. 2% speak English and 19. 8% speak neither, Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 56% of the population able to speak both official languages. Montreal is the second-largest primarily French-speaking city in the world after Paris, historically the commercial capital of Canada, it was surpassed in population and economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s. It remains an important centre of commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, culture, tourism, gaming, film, Montreal was also named a UNESCO City of Design. In 2009, Montreal was named North Americas leading host city for international events, according to the 2009 preliminary rankings of the International Congress. According to the 2015 Global Liveability Ranking by the Economist Intelligence Unit, in the 2017 edition of their Best Student Cities ranking, Quacquarelli Symonds ranked Montreal as the worlds best city to study abroad. Also, Montreal has 11 universities with 170,000 students enrolled, the Greater Montréal region has the highest number of university students per capita among all metropolitan areas in North America. It is the only Canadian city to have held the Summer Olympics, currently, the city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One, the Montreal International Jazz Festival and the Just for Laughs festival. In 2012, Montreal was ranked as a Beta+ world city, in Kanien’kéha, or Mohawk language, the island is called Tiohtià, ke Tsi or Ka-wé-no-te. In Anishinaabemowin, or Ojibwe language, the land is called Mooniyaang, though the city was first named by French colonizers Ville Marie, or City of Mary, its current name comes from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The most popular theory is that the name derives from Mont Réal, Cartiers 1535 diary entry, naming the mountain, according to the Commission de toponymie du Québec and the Geographical Names Board of Canada, Canadian place names have only one official form. Thus, Montreal is officially spelled with an accent over the e in both English and French. In practice, this is limited to governmental uses. English-speaking Montrealers, including English-language media, regularly omit the accent when writing in English, archaeological evidence demonstrates that First Nations native people occupied the island of Montreal as early as 4,000 years ago. By the year AD1000, they had started to cultivate maize, within a few hundred years, they had built fortified villages. Archeologists have found evidence of their habitation there and at locations in the valley since at least the 14th century
3.
Quebec
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Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population, with French as the sole provincial official language. Quebec is Canadas largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division and it also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia. Quebec is Canadas second-most populous province, after Ontario, most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area, the Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples. Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas, Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province. Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995, in 2006, the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the Québécois as a nation within a united Canada. These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada, early variations in the spelling of the name included Québecq and Kébec. French explorer Samuel de Champlain chose the name Québec in 1608 for the colonial outpost he would use as the seat for the French colony of New France. The province is sometimes referred to as La belle province, the Province of Quebec was founded in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 after the Treaty of Paris formally transferred the French colony of Canada to Britain after the Seven Years War. The proclamation restricted the province to an area along the banks of the Saint Lawrence River, the Treaty of Versailles ceded territories south of the Great Lakes to the United States. After the Constitutional Act of 1791, the territory was divided between Lower Canada and Upper Canada, with each being granted an elected legislative assembly, in 1840, these become Canada East and Canada West after the British Parliament unified Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada. This territory was redivided into the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario at Confederation in 1867, each became one of the first four provinces. In 1898, the Canadian Parliament passed the first Quebec Boundary Extension Act that expanded the provincial boundaries northward to include the lands of the aboriginal peoples. This was followed by the addition of the District of Ungava through the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act of 1912 that added the northernmost lands of the Inuit to create the modern Province of Quebec. In 1927, the border between Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador was established by the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Located in the part of Canada, and part of Central Canada. Its topography is very different from one region to another due to the composition of the ground, the climate. The Saint Lawrence Lowland and the Canadian Shield are the two main regions, and are radically different
4.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
5.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
6.
Storey
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A storey or story is any level part of a building that could be used by people. The plurals are storeys and stories respectively, the terms floor, level, or deck can also be used in this sense, except that one may use ground floor and ground level for the floor closer to what is considered the ground or street level. The words storey and floor also generally exclude levels of the building that have no roof, houses commonly have only one or two floors. Buildings are often classified as low-rise, mid-rise and high-rise according to how many levels they contain, the tallest skyscraper in the world, Burj Khalifa, has 163 floors. As of 2013, the tallest planned skyscraper, Sky City, is planned to have 202 floors, the height of each storey is based on the ceiling height of the rooms plus the thickness of the floors between each pane. Generally this is around 10 feet total, however, it varies widely from just under this figure to well over it, storeys within a building need not be all the same height — often the lobby is more spacious, for example. Additionally, higher levels may be smaller in volume than the ones beneath them, in English, the principal floor or main floor of a house is the floor that contains the chief apartments, it is usually the ground floor, or the floor above. In Italy the main floor of a home is usually above the ground level, the attic or loft is a storey just below the buildings roof, its ceiling is often pitched and/or at a different height than that of other floors. A penthouse is an apartment on the topmost storey of a building. A basement is a storey below the main or ground floor, split-level homes have floors that offset from each other by less than the height of a full storey. A mezzanine, in particular, is typically a floor halfway between the floor and the next higher floor. Homes with a split-level entry have the main floor raised half a storey height above the street entrance level. In Macys Herald Square, there is a one and a floor between the first and second, this can be considered a split level floor. There are also car parks, also known as parking garages. Floor numbering is the scheme used for a buildings floors. There are two major schemes in use across the world, in one system, used in the majority of European countries, the ground floor is the floor literally on the ground and often has no number or is assigned the number 0. Therefore, the floor up is assigned the number 1 and is the first floor. The other system, used primarily in the United States and Canada, counts the bottom floor as the first floor, the existence of two incompatible conventions is a common source of confusion in international communication, sometimes even between communities who speak the same language
7.
Scotia Tower (Montreal)
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The Scotia Tower is a skyscraper in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is 27 stories, and 127.64 metres tall and it was designed by WZMH Architects and constructed in 1990. It was built in the architectural style, with granite. Tour Scotia is located at 1002 Sherbrooke Street West opposite McTavish Street, and is linked to Montreals Underground City and Peel station on the Montreal Metro
8.
Downtown Montreal
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Downtown Montreal is the central business district of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Located in the borough of Ville-Marie, the district is situated on the southernmost slope of Mount Royal. According to the strictest definition, it is bounded by Sherbrooke Street to the north, Saint Hubert Street to the east, Guy Street to the west, and Notre-Dame Street to the south. Wider definitions may extend to Atwater Street to the west, Papineau Avenue to the east, the two tallest of these are the 1000 de La Gauchetière and 1250 René-Lévesque, both of which were built in 1992. The Tour de la Bourse is also a significant high-rise and is home to the Montreal Exchange that trades in derivatives, the Montreal Exchange was originally a stock exchange and was the first in Canada. In 1999, all trades were transferred to Toronto in exchange for an exclusivity in the derivative trading market. The central axis for downtown is Saint Catherine Street, Canadas busiest commercial avenue, the area includes high end retail such as the Holt Renfrew and Ogilvy department stores as well as Les Cours Mont-Royal shopping centre. Other major streets include Sherbrooke Street, Peel, de la Montagne, de Maisonneuve, the skyline may be observed from one of two lookouts on Mount Royal. The lookout at the Belvedere takes in downtown, the river, on clear days the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York are visible, as are the Green Mountains of Vermont. The eastern lookout has a view of The Plateau neighbourhood, Olympic Stadium, Downtown Montreal is also home to the main campuses of McGill University and UQAM and the Sir George Williams campus of Concordia University. The Bell Centre, used for ice hockey and other events, percival Molson Memorial Stadium lies just to the North of Pine Avenue at the edge of Downtown Montreal. Pointe-à-Callière Museum is more strictly in Old Montreal, two railway stations are in Downtown Montreal, Central Station serves both intercity and commuter services. Additional commuter services use Lucien-LAllier Station, Downtown Montreal also contains two bus stations, Gare dautocars de Montréal serves mainly longer distance services, while Terminus Centre-Ville is mainly a terminus for services operated by RTL. Two lines of the Montreal Metro run east–west through Downtown Montreal, Line 1 is aligned with De Maisonneuve Boulevard, serving, Atwater, Guy-Concordia, Peel, McGill, Place-des-Arts, Saint-Laurent, Berri-UQAM and Beaudry stations. Line 2 runs some blocks south of the Green Line, serving Lucien-LAllier, Bonaventure, Square-Victoria-OACI, Place-dArmes, Champ-de-Mars, Berri-UQAM, Place-dArmes and Champ-de-Mars stations would usually be considered as in Old Montreal. Berri-UQAM is also the terminus for Line 4, air Canada was formerly headquartered in Downtown Montreal. In 1990, the announced that it was moving its headquarters from Downtown Montreal to Montreal-Trudeau Airport to cut costs. Underground City, Montreal Old Montreal Old Port of Montreal Downtown Montreal travel guide from Wikivoyage
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International Civil Aviation Organization
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The International Civil Aviation Organization, is a specialized agency of the United Nations. It codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of air transport to ensure safe. Its headquarters are located in the Quartier International of Montreal, Quebec, ICAO defines the protocols for air accident investigation followed by transport safety authorities in countries signatory to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The Air Navigation Commission is the body within ICAO. The Commission is composed of 19 Commissioners, nominated by the ICAOs contracting states, Commissioners serve as independent experts, who although nominated by their states, do not serve as state or political representatives. The development of Aviation Standards and Recommended Practices is done under the direction of the ANC through the process of ICAO Panels. Once approved by the Commission, standards are sent to the Council, the forerunner to ICAO was the International Commission for Air Navigation. It held its first convention in 1903 in Berlin, Germany, at the second convention in 1906, also held in Berlin,27 countries attended. The third convention, held in London in 1912 allocated the first radio callsigns for use by aircraft, ICAN continued to operate until 1945. Fifty-two countries signed the Convention on International Civil Aviation, also known as the Chicago Convention, in Chicago, Illinois, on 7 December 1944. Under its terms, a Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization was to be established, accordingly, PICAO began operating on 6 June 1945, replacing ICAN. The 26th country ratified the Convention on 5 March 1947 and, consequently PICAO was disestablished on 4 April 1947 and replaced by ICAO, in October 1947, ICAO became an agency of the United Nations linked to the United Nations Economic and Social Council. In April 2013 Qatar offered to serve as the new permanent seat of the Organization, according to the Globe and Mail, Qatars move was at least partly motivated by the pro-Israel foreign policy of Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper. Approximately one month later, Qatar withdrew its bid after a proposal to the ICAOs governing council to move the ICAO triennial conference to Doha was defeated by a vote of 22–14. The 9th edition of the Convention on International Civil Aviation includes modifications from 1948 up to year 2006, ICAO refers to its current edition of the Convention as the Statute, and designates it as ICAO Document 7300/9. The Convention has 19 Annexes that are listed by title in the article Convention on International Civil Aviation, as of March 2016, there are 191 ICAO members, consisting of 190 of the 193 UN members, plus the Cook Islands. Liechtenstein has delegated Switzerland to implement the treaty to make it applicable in the territory of Liechtenstein, Taiwan attended the 38th Session of the ICAO Assembly in 2013, but in 2016 was denied such an invitation, despite expressions of support from the United States for Taiwan to participate. However, the Republic of China under the name of Chinese Taipei is a member of International Air Transport Association, the Council of ICAO is elected by the Assembly every 3 years and consists of 36 members elected in 3 categories
10.
Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
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The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat is an international body in the field of tall buildings and sustainable urban design. Its stated mission is to study and report on all aspects of the planning, design, the Council was founded at Lehigh University in 1969 by Lynn S. Beedle, where its office remained until October 2003 when it moved to the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago. The CTBUH ranks the height of buildings using three different methods, Height to architectural top, This is the criterion under which the CTBUH ranks the height of buildings. Heights are measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the top of the building, inclusive of spires but excluding items such as flagpoles and antennae. Highest occupied floor, Height to the level of the highest floor that is occupied by residents. Height to tip, Height to the highest point of the building, including antennae, flagpoles, a category measuring to the top of the roof was removed from the ranking criteria in November 2009. This became the CTBUH official definition of a building’s completion, the CTBUH maintains an extensive database of the tallest buildings in the world, organized by various categories. Buildings under construction are included, although not ranked until completion. The CTBUH also produces an annual list of the ten tallest buildings completed in that particular year. Second on the 2008 list was the 363-metre Almas Tower in Dubai, third was the Minsheng Bank Building in Wuhan which stands at 331 metres, whilst fourth was The Address Downtown Burj Dubai. All in all, six of the ten tallest buildings completed in 2008 are located in Asia, the CTBUH also hosts annual conferences and a World Congress every three to five years. The most recent World Congress was held in Shanghai between 19 and 21 September 2012, the next World Congress will be held in Shanghai between 16 and 19 September 2014. The CTBUH also bestows Tall Building Awards each year, with four awards to the Americas, Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Among these four regional awards, one is given the Best Tall Building Award Overall, there are also two lifetime achievement awards. Starting in 2010, these awards are presented at a symposium, in 2012 the CTBUH added two new awards for Innovation and Performance. In addition to the newsletter and daily updated global news archive. The Journal includes peer-reviewed technical papers, in-depth project case studies, book reviews, interviews with prominent persons in the building industry. The CTBUH also publishes guidebooks, reference manuals, and monographs related to the building industry
11.
Emporis
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Emporis GmbH is a real estate data mining company with headquarters in Hamburg, Germany. The company collects and publishes data and photographs of buildings worldwide, Emporis offers a variety of information on its public database, Emporis. com, located at www. emporis. com. Emporis is frequently cited by media sources as an authority on building data. Emporis previously focused exclusively on high-rise buildings and skyscrapers, which it defines as buildings between 35 and 100 metres tall and at least 100 metres tall, respectively, today, the database has expanded to include low-rise buildings and other structures. Michael Wutzke started a website about skyscrapers in Frankfurt in 1996, in 2000 he started skyscrapers. com which was folded into Emporis in 2003. In 2004, Stephan R. Boehm assumed the role of Chairman, Wutzke was Chief Technology Officer and managing director until 2010, when he left the company. In 2007 venture capital firm Neuhaus Partners and KfW Bankengruppe invested several million Euro in the company, effective January 1,2009, the company moved its headquarters from Darmstadt to Frankfurt. In 2011, the company moved from Frankfurt to Hamburg, in 2000 a group of Emporis senior editors began presenting the Emporis Skyscraper Award. Eligible buildings are selected from a list of all buildings in the world at least 100 meters tall which were completed that year
12.
SkyscraperPage
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SkyscraperPage is an internet forum for skyscraper hobbyists and enthusiasts that tracks existing and proposed skyscrapers around the world. SkyscraperPage. com drawings have appeared in National Geographics website, Wired, Condé Nast, The Globe and they are based in Victoria, British Columbia. The site has a database of scale-model illustration skyscrapers and other major macro-engineering projects, the scale of the drawings are one pixel per meter. The images are created using pixel art, using these diagrams, skyscrapers and other tall structures from any cities can be compared. General information is given about each structure, such as the location, the year built, if available. In 2008, the site had over 22,000 custom made drawings of skyscrapers, there were 600 artists signed up with the site, about half of whom were active. List of Internet forums List of tallest buildings in the world
13.
Tour de la Bourse
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La Tour de la Bourse is a 48-storey skyscraper in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located at the intersection of Victoria Square and Saint Jacques Street in the International Quarter and it is connected by the underground city to the Square-Victoria-OACI Metro Station. When completed in 1964, the tower was the tallest building in Canada and it is currently the third tallest in Montreal and the twenty-fifth tallest building in the country. The Tour de la Bourse was designed by Luigi Moretti and Pier Luigi Nervi and is considered to be of the International Style, the original project, conceived during the Expo 67-era economic boom, called for three identical towers arrayed in a triangle. It was scaled back to two towers flanking each side of the central core, ultimately a single tower was built, due to financial constraints, the Hôtel Delta Centre-Ville was later built on the site of what was to be the second identical tower thus forming Place Victoria. Following the improvement and restoration of Square Victoria to its configuration in 2002. The tower itself is considered by many to be a masterpiece of the International style of skyscraper design and it is divided into three roughly equal blocks by mechanical floors whose corners are recessed in an octagonal shape, creating small open-air interstices behind the columns at these levels. One couple of peregrine falcons has been nesting inside the 32nd floor recess since 1984, the buildings anchor tenant is still the Montreal Exchange on floors 3 and 4. The national and international law firm Fasken Martineau occupies six floors as well as space for services on the rez de chaussée, the building is managed by Magil Laurentian Realty Corporation. In August 2004 Jolina Capital, owned by Lino Saputo who is head of foodmaker Saputo Foods. Property management is handled by Magil Laurentian, who retains a minority stake. On February 13,1969, the Front de libération du Québec set off a bomb at the Stock Exchange, injuring twenty-seven people. On April 7,2005, around 150 students occupied the floor of the building to block access to the elevators. They were scattered by riot police two hours later, one arrest was made, airports Council International Autorité des marchés financiers Canoe. ca Dexia Royal Bank of Canada Export Development Canada. Fasken Martineau TMX Group Montreal Exchange IATA, old Montreal Stock Exchange Building Official website IMTL Image Montreal datasheet
14.
Place Ville Marie
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Place Ville Marie is a large office and shopping complex in central Montreal, Quebec, Canada, comprising four office buildings and an underground shopping plaza. A counter-clockwise rotating beacon on the lights up at night. From a postal point of view the tower is 1, Place Ville Marie. The buildings and the plaza have been given many facelifts over the years, in the latest facelift, much of the grey concrete and terrazzo of the plaza was covered with grass, flowers and shrubs. The complex has 3,384,000 sq ft of space, there are about 70 tenants with 3,000 employees. Via Rail has its headquarters in 3, Place Ville Marie, most of the building was thus built over the tracks, requiring the structure to be more resistant to vibrations than normally required. As a result, it is the most earthquake-resistant office tower in Montreal, developer William Zeckendorf offered the club the top floor of the Place Ville Marie tower in exchange for their property, but was turned down. Place Ville Marie was one of the first built projects of Henry N. Cobb and his design was controversial from the start, given its proximity to many Montreal landmarks and the vast changes it would bring to the downtown core. According to design historian Mark Pimlott, The most radical aspect of the Place Ville Marie project was that nearly one-half of its 280,000 square metres area were beneath street level, deriving the obvious benefit of being protected from Montréal’s extreme winter and summer climate. Its vast network and multi-purpose is juxtaposed with an interior with episodes of civic gravity and monumentality. At the time of construction, the tower was known as the tallest skyscraper in the Commonwealth. The equivalent of three floors was added late in the project to ensure that building would not be topped by the neighboring Tour CIBC which was built at the same time. The central plaza became an important new public space in downtown Montreal, developer William Zeckendorf founded Trizec Properties in order to build Place Ville Marie. He lost a bet to then Royal Bank President Earle McLaughlin, exactly what the bet concerned is unknown. In 1975 Air Canadas headquarters were at 1 Place Ville Marie, mayor Jean Drapeau chose the name himself. Ville-Marie was the name of the Catholic colony founded at what is now Montreal in 1642, on 12 March 1976 Canada Post issued Place Ville Marie and Notre-Dame Church designed by Jean Mercier & Pierre Mercieron. The $1 stamps are perforated 13.5 x 13 and were printed by British American Bank Note Company, the penthouse was home to the Restaurant Club Lounge Altitude 737 restaurant and nightclub, that opened onto a rooftop terrace. During the holiday season, a large artificial Christmas tree is installed in the central court, the plaza has a large fountain with programmed water jets and a big abstract sculpture at its centre, Feminine Landscape by Gerald Gladstone
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Tour des Canadiens
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The Tour des Canadiens is a condominium skyscraper complex under construction in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The tower will consist of 552 condos, with thirteen floors of parking, as of February 2013, the project has been approved by the city and is 100% sold. Construction began in July 2013, with a completion expected sometime in 2016. At 50 floors and an estimated 167 metres, it become the seventh tallest building in the city. Official website - La Tour des Canadiens
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CIBC Tower
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La Tour CIBC is a 187 m forty-five-storey skyscraper in Montreal, Quebec. With the communications antenna on the roof, the height is 225 m. The International Style office tower was built by Peter Dickinson, Ross, Fish, Duschenes, the building holds offices for the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, the corporate law firm Stikeman Elliott, as well as numerous other businesses. The building is located at 1155 René Lévesque Boulevard West next to Dorchester Square facing the imposing, part of the fire-damaged Windsor Hotel was demolished to make room for construction, with the remaining portion being converted to offices in the 1980s. The Consulate of Israel was on the 26th floor of the building and as such, the consulate has since relocated to Westmount Square in Westmount. The tower is slender with only 1,400 m2 of gross floor area per floor. The building was renovated in 1991, and the highly visible CIBC logo at the top was redesigned in 2004. Inside, levels 15 and 29 are transfer floors, level 16 is a mechanical floor that is skipped in the floor numbering of the passenger elevators. Levels 42-44 are also mechanical floors, level 45 was originally an observation deck but was closed in the 1970s. The top 7 m of the tower are actually an open-air raised partition, built sometime after construction, without this extra structure, the actual roof height is 184 m, and approximately 187 m when counting the elevator penthouse. It is the fifth tallest building in Montreal, but an antenna raises the height to 250 m. French-language radio station CKOI-FM transmits its 307,000 watt signal atop that building, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Euler Hermes Macquarie Group Russell Investments Stikeman Elliott LLP Vilaron Corporation Linkeo
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1501 McGill College
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Le 1501 McGill College, also known as La Tour McGill, is a 158 m, 36-storey skyscraper in Downtown Montreal. Named for its address at 1501 McGill College Avenue, it was completed in 1992 at the time as the citys two tallest buildings,1000 de La Gauchetière and 1250 René-Lévesque. It is connected to the McGill Metro station via the Underground City, designed by WZMH Architects, the buildings postmodern form features a glass curtain wall that varies between blue and green depending on sunlight. The top 4 floors form a mechanical penthouse that is lit white at night. At certain times of year, it is lit with a colour relating to a holiday or event
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Complexe Desjardins
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Complexe Desjardins is a mixed-use office, hotel, and shopping mall complex located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. This design produces the effect of an indoor square, List of shopping malls in Montreal List of tallest buildings in Montreal James Viloria
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Deloitte Tower
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The Deloitte Tower is a 26-storey office building in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, located between Windsor Station and the Bell Centre. It is the citys first privately owned and financed commercial office tower to be built in more than 20 years, completed in May 2015, the building features 495,000 square feet of office space, and 20,000 square feet of retail space. It is named for professional services firm Deloitte, which occupies 160,000 square feet of space in the building. It also houses the headquarters of Rio Tinto Alcan, which relocated from the Maison Alcan, the company occupies approximately 190,000 square feet on the top eight floors of the building. The Deloitte Tower is planned as part of a larger, multiphase, mixed use project that include retail. The building is owned by Cadillac Fairview, official website Office Tower to be built in Downtown Montreal
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Le V
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Le V is a hotel and apartment complex in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located on René Lévesque Boulevard West between Bleury Street and Anderson Street in Downtown Montreal, the hotel has 212 rooms and is located on the first twelve floors. It is branded as a Courtyard by Marriott hotel, known as the Courtyard Marriott Montreal Centre-ville, the apartment section consists of 240 rental apartments and is located on the upper twenty-eight floors. The Courtyard by Marriott hotel officially opened in September 2013, while the section was completed in 2014. Having 40 floors and being 138 metres tall, it is the tenth-tallest building in Montreal, Official website Official website - Courtyard Marriott Montreal Centre-ville Hotel Furnished apartments in The V-388 Boulevard René-Lévesque Ouest
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KPMG Tower
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The KPMG Tower, formerly Maison des Coopérants or Place de la Cathédrale, is a 34 storey skyscraper located in downtown Montreal that was completed in 1987. It is located at 600 de Maisonneuve Ouest, and has an height of 146 m. The building is owned and operated by real estate investor. The KPMG Tower was built on a plot of land owned by the Christ Church Cathedral and it was designed by WZMH Architects and was styled in order to relate to the cathedral located directly adjacent to it. The tower incorporates a shopping centre known as Promenades Cathédrale as part of the Underground City that is directly connected to the Metro. The building was originally called Maison des Coopérants for the tenant, as can be seen on the inscription in the lobby. At the end of 2005 the tower was renamed to its current name for KPMG, part of its local claim to fame was that the Promenades Cathédrale shopping mall underneath the tower, built at the same time, was built directly beneath the existing Christ Church Cathedral. It was a sight to behold, as the Cathedral was perched on top of cement piles with the removed from under it. From time to time, the building runs a exhibit in the shopping mall displaying the construction of the complex. A consequence of this arrangement is that the no longer has its proverbial basement. The functions traditionally done in the basement are now performed in a space reserved for the church on the third floor of the towers east side. At the time of its opening, the mall had three floors with a food court occupying most of the lower floor. Later renovations converted that shopping floor into a floor of parking garage. A memorial to Raoul Wallenberg stands in a park between the office tower and church, where a bust of Wallenberg and a caged metal box stand beside each other. The building contains the headquarters of Gildan Activewear and holds offices for the services firm KPMG, law firm Blake, Cassels & Graydon. Emporis. com 600 de Maisonneuve - Technical Specifications Promenades Cathédrale shopping mall List of Montreals 10 tallest skyscrapers List of malls in Montreal
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Telus Tower (Montreal)
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The Telus Tower is an office building at 630 René Lévesque Boulevard West in Montreal. It was built for Canadian Industries Limited from 1960 to 1962, designed by architect Gordon Bunshaft from the architectural firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill with local architects Greenspoon, Freedlander and Dunne, it stands 135.6 m and 34 storeys tall. In 1960, Bunshaft had recently completed his work, Lever House in New York City. Then-named Dorchester Boulevard West became the center of Montreal and Canada with the largest Canadian banks. In later years, CIL moved its office operations to Ontario. The Royal Trust later received naming rights to the building when it located its head office there until the merger with the Royal Bank of Canada, the name Royal Trust Tower now refers to another building in Toronto. Today, it is home to the Montreal operations of Telus, but also houses the local offices of Accenture, Roche, Canada Life, Clyde & Co, Citibank as well as a Bank of Montreal branch
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Complexe Maisonneuve
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Complexe Maisonneuve is an office building complex in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Complexe Maisonneuve is located on De la Gauchetière Street West between University Street and Beaver Hall Hill and it is situated facing Victoria Square in the Quartier international district of Downtown Montreal, and is linked to Montreals Underground City and Square-Victoria-OACI Station on the Montreal Metro. The complex consists of two buildings, the Tour de la Banque Nationale and 700 de La Gauchetière and it was constructed in 1983, and the two towers share an underground base six floors deep. The complex was designed by American architect Sylvia Gottwald-Thapar in the modernist architectural style, the National Bank Tower is 28 stories, and 128 metres high. It is located at 600 De la Gauchetière Street West, the building is home to the headquarters of the National Bank of Canada and Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton. Le 700 de La Gauchetière is 28 stories, and 128 metres high and it is located at 700 De la Gauchetière Street West. The tower is home to offices of actuarial company, Aon Corporation. It was previously home to the headquarters of Bell Canada Enterprises, list of tallest buildings in Montreal Official website
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Bell Media Tower
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The Bell Media Tower is a skyscraper in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Located at 1800 McGill College Avenue, it was built for the Montreal Trust Company and it stands 134 m and 34 storeys tall. It was originally owned by Cadillac Fairview but is now owned by Ivanhoe Cambridge, the main tenant was Astral Media, which had its corporate headquarters in the building along with several of its French-speaking television stations. In 2013, Bell acquired Astral Media, changing the name to Bell Media Tower when it became regional offices for Bell Media. Place Montreal Trust List of tallest buildings in Montreal Emporis. com, Maison Astral SkyscraperPage. com, Maison Astral
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Terminal Tower (Montreal)
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The Terminal Tower is a skyscraper in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is 30 stories, and 125 metres tall, completed in 1966, it was the last phase of CNs developments in the area, along with the Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Central Station and the CN Building. It was built in the architecture, with a concrete. The Terminal Tower is located at 800 René Lévesque Boulevard West opposite Place Ville-Marie, ernst & Young Tembec Transport Canada List of tallest buildings in Montreal Polaris Realty | Properties >800 René-Lévesque West
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Altitude Montreal
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Altitude Montreal is a 33-storey,124 m skyscraper in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 1195 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard at the corner of Cathcart Street in Downtown Montreal, as of 2013, it is the citys tallest residential tower, but will be surpassed by LAvenue upon its completion in 2017. Construction on the tower began on May 3,2010 on what was previously a parking lot, list of tallest buildings in Montreal Official website
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Altoria
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Altoria is a 35-storey mixed-use skyscraper in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The first ten floors will be home to office space while the remaining 25 floors will consist of 152 condos, the office component is anchored by Aimia and is known as the Aimia Tower. The tower is located next to Complexe Maisonneuve, the Tour de la Bourse. The projects promoter is Kevric Corporation, construction work started in 2011 and was completed in 2014
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Sun Life Building
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The Sun Life Building is a historic 122 m,24 storey office building at 1155 Metcalfe Street on Dorchester Square in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The building was completed in 1931 after three stages of construction and it was built exclusively for the Sun Life Insurance Company. The stages of construction were as follows, 1913–1918, 7-story southern part of base, 1923–1926, extension of base eastward and northward, the first Sun Life Building, designed by Buffalo architect Richard Waite, was built in 1889 and expanded by Robert Findlay in 1890. The red brick building was home to Sun Life until 1913, the securities, arriving at Halifax on July 1,1940, were locked in an underground vault three stories beneath the Sun Life Building, guarded around the clock by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The gold was shipped on to Ottawa, the 5,000 Sun Life employees never knew what was stored away beneath them and not a single piece of the cargo went missing nor was any information about the operation ever leaked. U. S. President Harry S. Truman confided in his memoirs that the Sun Insurance building in Montreal was his favourite building in the world
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Le Port-Royal Apartments
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Le Port-Royal is an apartment building on Sherbrooke Street in the Golden Square Mile district of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is 33 stories, and 122 metres tall, completed in 1964, it used to be the highest residential building in Canada east of Toronto until the completion of Altitude Montreal in 2013. It was built in the modernist style, with a concrete, le Port-Royal is located at 1455 Sherbrooke Street West opposite Mackay Street, and next to the Church of St. Andrew and St. Paul. The building consists of luxury apartments, list of tallest buildings in Montreal
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E-Commerce Place
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E-Commerce Place is an office complex of two towers located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located on René-Lévesque Boulevard West between Mountain Street and Lucien LAllier Street in Downtown Montreal and it derives its name from the fact that its construction was part of a program grant from the Government of Quebec to promote the development of employment in the field of information technology. The complex provided incentives to firms specializing in electronic commerce, the Parti Québécois government launched the Cité du Multimédia in June 1998, which was seen as a relative success of job creation despite the progressive scaling down of the program. In its wake, the government launched the E-Commerce in May 2000, the grant program was cancelled in 2003 following the election of the Quebec Liberal Party. This led to the cancellation of three planned phases of the E-Commerce Place complex. The first tower, located at 1350 René-Lévesque Boulevard West, has 27 floors and was completed in early 2003 and its primary tenant is CGI Group, an Information technology consulting firm. The second phase tower located at 1360 René Lévesque, has 17 floors and was completed in spring 2004, tenants in the second tower include IBM and DXC Technology. Between the two towers is a common area with a convenience store and various fast food restaurants. The buildings architects were Béïque Legault Thuot
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Le Centre Sheraton Hotel
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Le Centre Sheraton Hotel is a skyscraper hotel in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 1201 René Lévesque Boulevard West in Downtown Montreal, Le Centre Sheraton has 825 rooms and stands 118 metres tall with 38 floors. It was built by Le Group Arcorp and was completed in 1982, baseball Hall of Fame member Don Drysdale died in room 2518 on July 3,1993. It hosted a meeting of G-20 finance ministers and central bank governors on October 24-25,2000 and it will be hosting Wikimania the annual conference of the Wikimedia Foundation, from 9 to 13 August 2017
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AXA Center (Montreal)
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The AXA Center is a 104.0 m tall skyscraper located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was built in 1974 and currently serves as the Headquarters for AXA Canada which consists of a number of subsidiaries of French-based insurance, other tenants include Posera Software Inc, T. E Wealth-Financial Consultant Ltd, a Dental Clinic and a law firm. It is located at 2020 University Street between De Maisonneuve Boulevard & President Kennedy Ave, in Downtown Montreal, the Building is directly connected to the McGill Station of the Montreal Metros Green Line. The Tour AXA, building formerly housed the headquarters of AXA, is in Paris La Défense. The building is currently 159 meters high, but a major renovation begun in March 2007 will take it to 225 meters, there is also an AXA Center in Perth, Australia. The building is 75 meters high and has 20 floors and its construction was finished in 1975 as well as AXA Center in New York City, New York which was complete in 1986 and rises at 229.3 m. List of tallest buildings in Montreal Tour AXA at SkyscraperPage
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Maison Radio-Canada
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Maison Radio-Canada is a skyscraper in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, constructed in 1973 as a home for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporations operations in Montreal. It is also the studio for television stations CBMT-DT and CBFT-DT. Maison Radio-Canada is once again the home of Radio Canada International, the street address of Maison Radio-Canada is 1400 René Lévesque Boulevard East, fittingly named for former premier René Lévesque, who was once a reporter and commentator for the CBC. The building is situated just a couple of away from the studios of CTV Montreal, RDS, RDS Info, MétéoMédia, LCN. The analogous facility for CBCs English language networks is the Canadian Broadcasting Centre in Toronto, CBCs corporate headquarters are in Ottawa in the CBC Ottawa Broadcast Centre. The building is accessible within walking distance east of Beaudry Station of the Montreal Metro, for the building itself to be built, most of the Faubourg à mlasse working-class neighborhood had to be demolished. On October 1,1963, the last house was evacuated so the project could go ahead. As of November 2008, consultations are underway to redevelop the area around Maison Radio-Canada facilities, the new plans for the eastern part of the present site includes 2000 housing units, offices, commercial space, and public spaces. To be all housed and located at 1450 René Lévesque Boulevard East, as of May 2015, the project was halted. The project was relaunched in November 2016, with Broccolini Group selected to construct the new building and Groupe Mach chosen to take over the existing building, the project is currently planned for completion in 2020, pending approval by the Treasury Board of Canada
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La Laurentienne Building
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La Laurentienne Building is a 102 m, 27-story skyscraper in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The building was designed by Dimitri Dimakopoulos & Associates for Marathon Realty, Lavalin and it is located on René-Lévesque Boulevard at the intersection of Peel Street, in the Ville-Marie borough of Downtown Montreal. It is adjacent to the Bell Centre and the 1250 René-Lévesque skyscraper to the south, la Laurentienne Building is currently owned and managed by global real estate investor, developer and owner Oxford Properties. List of tallest buildings in Montreal
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Alexis Nihon Complex
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Alexis Nihon is a 223,000 m2 complex in Downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada, consisting of a shopping centre, two office towers, and a residential building. The shopping mall is connected to the Atwater metro station, which joins the building by a short tunnel with the adjacent Dawson College. On October 26,1986, a major fire damaged its 16-story office building and is still considered the citys biggest fire in a skyscraper. At least six stories were destroyed in the blaze, in 2002, the service de sécurité incendie de Montréal was heavily blamed for negligence and incompetence according to the Cour dAppel du Québec. Several tenants including the government sued the then-owner of the building for several million dollars. During the Dawson shooting incident on September 13,2006, the building was fully evacuated, shots did reach the building during the shooting. On April 5,2017, a fire broke out near the roof of the food court. Minor damage occurred as a result, Alexis Nihon, at the corner of Atwater Avenue and Ste-Catherine Street West, is accessible, By Metro, Green line, Atwater Station. This station directly connects to Alexis Nihon Plaza, by Bus, Bus lines 24,63,90,104,138,144,356,360. By Car, A-720/Ville-Marie Expressway, Exit 2 - Atwater Avenue, by Bicycle, Bicycle stations levels P1 and P3 of the parking. By BIXI, BIXI Station De Maisonneuve Boulevard West at the corner of Atwater, by Taxi, Waiting area Atwater Avenue at the corner of de Maisonneuve Boulevard West. The complex is connected to the Atwater Metro station and offers numerous services, a variety of shops and superstores. In the past, it housed Montreals only downtown IKEA Store, Miracle Mart (later becoming an M-Store, a three-screen cinema operated by Cineplex Odeon and Steinbergs supermarket
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L'Avenue
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LAvenue is a mixed-use skyscraper complex under construction in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It will be located across from the Bell Centre in downtown Montreal, the tower will consist of 350 condos, with a hotel and/or office space making up the lower floors. Excavation work began in December 2013, with a date sometime in 2017. At 50 floors and 184 metres, it become the sixth tallest building in the city
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Tom Condos
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Tom Condos is a skyscraper under construction in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The tower will be located on Union Street between René-Lévesque Boulevard and Cathcart Street, near the Altitude Montreal tower and the Place Ville Marie, the tower will be 40 floors and 122 metres tall, and consist of 327 condos. The projects promoters are Electra Real Estate Ltd and Daniel Revah, construction started in June 2014, with a completion date sometime in 2017. Official website - Tom Condos Site Officiel - Tom Condos
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Holiday Inn Downtown Montreal
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Holiday Inn Downtown Montreal is a hotel and apartment complex under construction in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located on René Lévesque Boulevard West at the intersection of Lucien-LAllier Street in Downtown Montreal, the hotel will have 220 rooms and is located on the first ten floors. It is branded as a Holiday Inn, the apartment section consists of 250 rental apartments and is located on the upper thirty floors. Construction began in October 2014 with a date in 2017
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YUL Condos
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YUL Condominiums is a large residential skyscraper complex currently under construction in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The towers will be located on René-Lévesque Boulevard at the corner of Bishop and Mackay, near E-Commerce Place, the towers will be 38 floors and 120 metres tall, and consist of 873 condos. YUL Condominiums also includes the construction of 17 townhouses on Overdale Avenue, the promoter of the project is Kheng Ly of Brivia Group
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Maison Manuvie
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The Maison Manuvie is a 28-storey office building under construction in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, located near McGill College Avenue. Scheduled to be completed in 2018, the building will feature 486,500 square feet of office space, the main tenant will be Manulife Financial, hence the change from its previous name of 900 de Maisonneuve Ouest. The projects promoter is Ivanhoé Cambridge, the tower will be connected to the RÉSO and to the Montreal Metro system via McGill Station
