1.
United States Army Reserve
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The United States Army Reserve is the federal reserve force of the United States Army. Together, the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard constitute the Army element of the Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces. On 30 June 2016, Lieutenant General Charles D. Luckey became the 33rd Chief of Army Reserve, on 23 April 1908 Congress created the Medical Reserve Corps, the official predecessor of the Army Reserve. This organization provided a pool of trained Reserve officers and enlisted men for use in war. The Organized Reserve included the Officers Reserve Corps, Enlisted Reserve Corps, the Organized Reserves were redesignated 25 March 1948 as the Organized Reserve Corps. Recognizing the importance of the Organized Reserve to the World War II effort, Congress authorized retirement, a tentative troop basis for the Organized Reserve Corps, prepared in March 1946, outlined 25 divisions, three armored, five airborne, and 17 infantry. These divisions and all other Organized Reserve Corps units were to be maintained in one of three categories, labeled Class A, Class B, and Class C. The troop basis listed nine divisions as Class A, nine as Class B, eventually the War Department agreed and made the appropriate changes. Although the dispute over Class A units lasted several months, the War Department proceeded with the reorganization of the Organized Reserve Corps divisions during the summer of 1946. That all divisions were to begin as Class C units, progressing to the categories as men and equipment became available. Also, the War Department wanted to take advantage of the pool of trained reserve officers, by that time Army Ground Forces had been reorganized as an army group headquarters that commanded six geographic armies. The armies replaced the nine areas of the prewar era. The First United States Army declined to support a division. After the change, the Organized Reserve Corps had four airborne, the Second Army insisted upon the number 80 for its airborne unit because the division was to be raised in the prewar 80th Divisions area, not that of the 99th. Finally, the 103rd Infantry Division, organized in 1921 in New Mexico, Colorado, and Arizona, was moved to Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, a major problem in forming divisions and other units in the Organized Reserve Corps was adequate housing. While many National Guard units owned their own armories, some dating back to the nineteenth century, although the War Department requested funds for needed facilities, Congress moved slowly in response. During the summer and fall of 1951 the six army commanders in the United States, staff agencies, the army commanders urged that all divisions in the Organized Reserve Corps be infantry divisions because they believed that the reserves could not adequately support armored and airborne training. They thought thirteen, rather than twelve, reserve divisions should be maintained to provide a geographic distribution of the units
2.
Fort Knox
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Fort Knox is a United States Army post in Kentucky south of Louisville and north of Elizabethtown. The 109,000 acre base covers parts of Bullitt, Hardin and it currently holds the Army Human Resources Center of Excellence to include the Army Human Resources Command, United States Army Cadet Command and the United States Army Accessions Command. For 60 years, Fort Knox was the home of the U. S. Army Armor Center and the U. S. Army Armor School, and was used by both the Army and the Marine Corps to train crews on the M1 Abrams main battle tank. The history of the U. S. Armys Cavalry and Armored forces, the fort is best known as the site of the United States Bullion Depository, which is used to house a large portion of the United States official gold reserves. The United States Department of the Treasury has maintained the Bullion Depository on the post since 1937 and this facility is operated solely by the Treasury Department. Parts of the base in Hardin and Meade counties form a census-designated place, the George S. Patton Museum and Center of Leadership at Fort Knox includes an exhibit highlighting leadership issues that arose from the attacks of September 11,2001, which includes two firetrucks. One of them, designated Foam 161, was partially charred and melted in the attack upon the Pentagon. S. military to die in the attacks of September 11,2001. In 2012, the U. S. Army Armor School was relocated to The Maneuver Center of Excellence at FT Benning, fortifications were constructed near the site in 1861, during the Civil War when Fort Duffield was constructed. Fort Duffield was located on what was known as Muldraugh Hill on a point overlooking the confluence of the Salt and Ohio Rivers. The area was contested by both Union and Confederate forces, bands of organized guerrillas frequently raided the area during the war. John Hunt Morgan the 2nd Kentucky Cavalry for the Confederate Army raided the area before staging his famous raid on Indiana, after the war, the area now occupied by the Army was home to various small communities. In October 1903, military maneuvers for the Regular Army and the National Guards of several states were held at West Point, Kentucky, in April 1918, field artillery units from Camp Zachary Taylor arrived at West Point for training. 20,000 acres near the village of Stithton were leased to the government, the new camp was named after Henry Knox, the Continental Armys chief of artillery during the Revolutionary War and the countrys first Secretary of War. The camp was extended by the purchase of a further 40,000 acres in June 1918, the building program was reduced following the end of the war and reduced further following cuts to the army in 1921 after the National Defense Act of 1920. The camp was greatly reduced and became a semi-permanent training center for the 5th Corps Area for Reserve Officer training, the National Guard, for a short while, from 1925 to 1928, the area was designated as Camp Henry Knox National Forest. It was used by the Kentucky Air National Guard for several years after the war until they relocated to Standiford Field in Louisville, the airfield is still in use by the United States Army Aviation Branch. Hatfield ordered its release after the D-Day Landings on September 19,1944, in 1931 a small force of the mechanized cavalry was assigned to Camp Knox to use it as a training site. The camp was turned into a permanent garrison in January 1932, the 1st Cavalry Regiment arrived later in the month to become the 1st Cavalry Regiment
3.
Chief warrant officer
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In the United States Armed Forces Chief Warrant Officers are actual officers, not NCOs like other NATO forces. In the Canadian Armed Forces, a warrant officer or CWO is the most senior non-commissioned member rank for army. Its equivalent rank for navy personnel is chief petty officer 1st class, the French language form of chief warrant officer is adjudant-chef. A CWO is senior to the rank of warrant officer. Cadets Canada uses the ranks of petty officer 1st class, chief warrant officer. This organizations uniforms use a coat of arms insignia as the Canadian Armed Forces. The insignia lacks the annulus, from 1985 changes, behind the bearing the motto of the Order of Canada. It also differs from both the 1957 and 1985 versions through a lack of compartment and mantling, CWOs are generally initially addressed as Chief Warrant Officer, and thereafter as Sir or Maam by subordinates, and as Mr. or Ms. by commissioned officers. If they hold the appointment of regimental sergeant-major, they may also be addressed as RSM by the commanding officer, in the RCN, CWOs are never addressed as Chief, this being a form of address reserved for chief petty officers. Civilians can address them as Chief Warrant Officer or CWO or Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms, conversely, it is not impossible for an army CWO or navy CPO1 to be the squadron CWO of a Royal Canadian Air Force squadron. Senior appointments for chief warrant officers and chief petty officers 1st class entitle the incumbents to wear a rank badge or an addition to the rank badge. They are as follows, The coat of arms over the insignia of the badge of the Canadian Armed Forces. This appointment is given to CWO assigned to commanders at the base, brigade, wing, a formation chief warrant officer would typically be seen with a colonel or brigadier-general, but may occasionally be seen with a lieutenant-colonel or major-general. The coat of arms with a wreath of laurel wrapped around the base, a command chief warrant officer would be seen with a major-general or lieutenant-general. CWOs generally mess and billet with warrant officers and with sergeants. Their mess on military bases or installations are named the Warrant Officers. Although NCMs, CWOs generally wear the accoutrements of commissioned officers, for example, officer cap badge, waistcoat instead of cummerbund with mess dress. The רב-נגד Rav nagad, a Chief Warrant Officer is the most senior non-commissioned officers rank in the Israel Defense Forces, because the IDF is an integrated force, they have a unique rank structure
4.
First sergeant
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First Sergeant is typically a senior non-commissioned officer rank, used in many countries. In NATO armed forces the rank is on OR8 level, First Sergeant is a specialist in the Singapore Armed Forces. First sergeants are the most senior of the specialists, ranking above second sergeants. The rank insignia for a First Sergeant features the three chevrons pointing down shared by all specialists, and two chevrons pointing up, in combat units, First Sergeants are very often platoon sergeants, or given the responsibility for independently operating detachments of support weapons. They are often given instructional billets as well in training schools, First sergeants normally answer to the company sergeant major, assisting the latter in the mentorship, guidance and command of the more junior specialists who are section commanders. In the United States, a First Sergeant generally serves as the enlisted advisor of a unit, such as a company, battery, troop. Historically, the rank of “First Sergeant” has existed in the American Army since 1781, previously, under the tables of organization approved by the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1779, there were four and three sergeants, respectively, authorized in each company. The sergeants were numbered in order of seniority and the “First Sergeant” was simply the senior sergeant in the company, in 1833, First Sergeant, along with orderly sergeant, became separate pay grades, ranking below Sergeants Major and quartermaster sergeants but above sergeants. In the United States Army, the rank of first sergeant is an E-8 paygrade rank above the rank of sergeant first class and it is equal in grade to master sergeant, although the two ranks have different responsibilities. Both ranks are identical with three chevrons up and three curved stripes underneath down known as three up and three down, though the first sergeant has the diamond in the middle. A first sergeant is generally senior to a sergeant in leadership matters. The rank is abbreviated as 1SG in the Army, a promotable sergeant first class or a master sergeant may be selected for promotion to or appointment as a first sergeant and may assume the duty. Upon reassignment to a non first sergeant billet, the soldier reverts to their rank of master sergeant. CSMs have expanded administrative duties, and less direct leadership duty requirements with enlisted, in the Bundeswehr, the German Army, the first sergeant is called father of the unit, a concept also in place in the US Army. They are sometimes referred to as second hat because the Company Commander may entrust them with important responsibilities, even one of the companys lieutenants. First sergeants handle the leadership and professional development of their soldiers, especially the non-commissioned officer development, First sergeants are the first step in disciplinary actions such as an Article 15 proceeding. A first sergeant may place a soldier under arrest and on restriction to quarters in certain cases, logistics are a specific first sergeants end issue. It is often said that a commanding officer commands a company-level unit, many units are directly impacted by the strength of the first sergeant
5.
81st Infantry Division (United States)
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The 81st Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army that was mobilized for service in both World War I and World War II. The division was inactivated in 1965 and remains on the inactive list of the United States Army, the 81st Infantry Division “Wildcats” was organized as a National Division of the United States Army in August 1917 during World War I at Camp Jackson, South Carolina. The division was organized with a small cadre of Regular Army officers. After organizing and finishing training, the 81st Division deployed to Europe, elements of the 81st Division first saw limited action by defending the St. Dié sector in September and early October. After relief of mission, the 81st Division was attached to the American First Army in preparation for the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. After the cessation of hostilities, the 81st Division remained in France until May 1919, after which the division was shipped back to the United States, the 81st Infantry Division was reactivated for World War II service in June 1942 at Camp Rucker, Alabama. As in World War I, the division was filled primarily with inducted men, the division trained at locations in Tennessee, Arizona and California before embarking for Hawaii in June 1944. After completion of amphibious and jungle training, the 81st Infantry Division departed for Guadalcanal in August 1944, there the division was attached to the III Marine Amphibious Corps reserve. In September 1944 the 321st Infantry Regiment of the 81st Infantry Division performed a landing on Angaur Island as part of the operations to secure the Palau Islands chain. After finishing the battle of Angaur, the 81st Infantry Division was ordered to assist the 1st Marine Division in their efforts to seize Peleliu, the 81st Infantry Division eventually relieved the 1st Marine Division, and assumed command of combat operations on Peleliu. The 81st Infantry Division remained engaged in the Battle of Peleliu until the end of organized Japanese resistance on 18 January 1945, in early February 1945, the 81st Infantry Division sailed to New Caledonia to rest and refit. In May 1945, the 81st Infantry Division was deployed to the Philippines to take part in mopping up operations on Leyte Island, after the end of World War II, the 81st Infantry Division deployed to Aomori Prefecture in Japan as part of the Allied occupation force. The 81st Infantry Division was inactivated in Japan on 30 January 1946, on 10 November 1947, the 81st Infantry Division was reconstituted in the Organized Reserve Corps with the division headquarters at Atlanta, Georgia. Under War Department guidelines, the 81st was organized as a Class C reserve unit with 60% of the officer cadre. In the event of a mobilization, the division would expand to wartime strength with called up reservists. However, during the 1950s and 60s, the 81st Infantry Division was not called up for service during the Korean War or Berlin Crisis, inactivated at Hoboken, New Jersey on 11 June 1919. Activated,15 June 1942, Camp Rucker, Alabama, awards, DSC-7, DSM-2, SS-281, LM-7, SM-40, BSM-658, AM-15. Commanders, Maj. Gen. Gustave H. Franke, Maj. Gen. Paul J. Mueller, inactivated,30 January 1946 in Japan
6.
100th Infantry Division (United States)
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The 100th Division is an infantry division of the United States Army headquartered at Fort Knox, Kentucky. It currently serves as a training command of the United States Army Reserve. Throughout its long history, the division has taken on numerous roles, serving as the 100th Infantry Division until the 1950s, the division then briefly became the 100th Airborne Division before becoming the 100th Division. Since this transformation, the division has taken on numerous training roles for other Army units. It was activated in mid 1918, too late to join the fighting in World War I, the division is best known for its exploits during World War II as the 100th Infantry Division. Fighting in the European Theater, the division advanced through France and Germany through the end of the war, World War II would be the only war the division would fight in before taking on its role as a training unit. The 100th Division was first constituted on 12 July 1918 in the National Army and it was organized in October of that year at Camp Bowie, Texas. Each brigade commanded around 8,000 soldiers, the division then began preparations to deploy to Europe and join the American Expeditionary Forces in combating the Central Powers during World War I. Before the division could deploy, though, the war ended on 11 November 1918, the 100th Division then began demobilization as part of the post-war drawdown of the U. S. Army. It would remain on the U. S. Armys roll until November 1919, only two years later, in June 1921, the division was reconstituted with its headquarters in Wheeling, West Virginia. On 29 May 1923, the received its shoulder sleeve insignia. Through its interwar years, the division saw little service and its location was changed in 1924 to Huntington, West Virginia and was changed again in 1937 to Charleston, West Virginia. The 100th Infantry Division was reactivated in the active duty force on 15 November 1942 at Fort Jackson, enlisted personnel were primarily original members of the unit, fleshed out by fillers from the 76th Infantry Division. The Officers were mostly members of the unit, again fleshed out with fillers from the Organized Reserves, the commander of the 100th was Major General Withers A. Burress, one of only eleven generals who commanded their divisions for the entire war. From late 1943 to early 1944, the division trained in the mountains of Tennessee and was sent to Fort Bragg, North Carolina. While at Fort Bragg, Technical Sergeant Walter L, bull earned the first Expert Infantrymans Badge. The division sailed to Europe on 6 October of that year, the division arrived at Marseille, France on 20 October. It was made part of VI Corps of the Seventh United States Army, as soon as the division was prepared for combat, it began moving into the Meurthe-et-Moselle region, and sent its first elements into combat at St. Remy in the Vosges Mountains on 1 November 1944
7.
Non-commissioned officer
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A non-commissioned officer or noncommissioned officer is a military officer who has not earned a commission. Such is also called sub-officer in some countries, Non-commissioned officers, in the English-speaking world, usually obtain their position of authority by promotion through the enlisted ranks. In contrast, commissioned officers hold higher ranks than NCOs, have more legal responsibilities, are paid more, commissioned officers usually earn their commissions without having risen through the enlisted ranks. Mustang is a term in the United States Armed Forces used to refer to a commissioned officer who began his or her career as an enlisted service member. The NCO corps usually includes all grades of corporal and sergeant, in some countries, the naval equivalent includes some or all grades of petty officer, although not all navies class their petty officers as NCOs. There are different classes of non-commissioned officer, including junior non-commissioned officers, the non-commissioned officer corps is often referred to as the backbone of the armed services, as they are the primary and most visible leaders for most military personnel. Additionally, they are the leaders responsible for executing a military organizations mission. NCO training and education typically includes leadership and management as well as service-specific, senior NCOs are considered the primary link between enlisted personnel and the commissioned officers in a military organization. Their advice and guidance is important for junior officers, who begin their careers in a position of authority. In the Australian Army, Lance corporals and corporals are classified as junior NCOs, while sergeants, in the New South Wales Police Force, NCOs perform supervisory and coordination roles. The ranks of probationary constable through to leading senior constable are referred to as constables, all NCOs within the NSW Police are given a warrant of appointment under the Commissioners hand and seal. All officers within the Australian Defence Force Cadets are non-commissioned, ADFC officers are appointed by the Director-General of their respective branch. In the Canadian Forces, the Queens Regulations and Orders formally defined a non-commissioned officer as A Canadian Forces member holding the rank of Sergeant or Corporal. In the 1990s, the term non-commissioned member was introduced to all ranks in the Canadian Forces from recruit to chief warrant officer. In the Royal Canadian Navy, however, the definition of NCO reflects the international use of the term. Junior Non-commissioned officers mess and billet with privates and seamen, their mess is usually referred to as the junior ranks mess, as a group, NCOs rank above privates and below warrant officers. The term non-commissioned members includes these ranks, in the Finnish Defence Force, NCOs includes all ranks from corporal to sergeant major. Ranks of lance corporal and leading seaman are considered not to be NCO ranks and this ruling applies to all branches of service and also to the troops of the Border Guard
8.
Taps
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Taps is a bugle call played at dusk, during flag ceremonies, and at military funerals by the United States armed forces. The official military version is played by a bugle or trumpet. It is also performed often at Boy Scout, Girl Scout, the tune is also sometimes known as Butterfields Lullaby, or by the first line of the lyric, Day Is Done. The duration may vary to some extent, the typical recording below is 59 seconds long, Taps is derived from the same source as Tattoo. Taps originates from the Dutch taptoe, meaning close the taps, an alternative explanation, however, is that it carried over from a term already in use before the American Civil War. Three single, slow drum beats were struck after the sounding of the Tattoo or Extinguish Lights and this signal was known as the Drum Taps, The Taps, or simply as Taps in soldiers slang. Within months Taps was used by both Union and Confederate forces and it was officially recognized by the United States Army in 1874. Taps concludes many military funerals conducted with honors at Arlington National Cemetery, the tune is also sounded at many memorial services in Arlingtons Memorial Amphitheater and at grave sites throughout the cemetery. Captain John Francis Tidball, West Point Class of 1848, started the custom of playing Taps at military funerals, in early July 1862 at Harrisons Landing, a corporal of Tidballs Battery A, 2nd U. S. Artillery, died. He was, Tidball recalled later, a most excellent man, Tidball wished to bury him with full military honors, but, for military reasons, he was refused permission to fire three guns over the grave. Tidball later wrote, The thought suggested itself to me to sound taps instead, the idea was taken up by others, until in a short time it was adopted by the entire army and is now looked upon as the most appropriate and touching part of a military funeral. As Tidball proudly proclaimed, Battery A has the honor of having introduced this custom into the service and it became a standard component to U. S. military funerals in 1891. Taps is sounded during each of the military wreath ceremonies conducted at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier every year, the ceremonies are viewed by many people, including veterans, school groups, and foreign officials. The melody of Taps is composed entirely from the notes of the C major triad. This is because the bugle, for which it is written, can play only the notes in the series of the instruments fundamental tone, a B-flat bugle thus plays the notes B-flat, D. Taps uses the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth partials, there is one original set of lyrics meant to accompany the music, written by Horace Lorenzo Trim, Several later lyrical adaptations have been created. There are several legends concerning the origin of Taps and that Daniel Butterfield composed Taps has been sworn to by numerous reputable witnesses including his bugler Norton, who first performed the tune. While scholars continue to debate whether or not the tune was original or based on an earlier melody, another, perhaps more historically verifiable, account of Taps first being used in the context of a military funeral involves John C
9.
1st Infantry Division (United States)
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The 1st Infantry Division is a combined arms division of the United States Army, and is the oldest continuously serving in the Regular Army. It has seen service since its organization in 1917 during World War I. It was officially nicknamed The Big Red One after its shoulder patch and is also nicknamed The Fighting First, however, the division has also received troop monikers of The Big Dead One and The Bloody First as puns on the respective officially-sanctioned nicknames. It is currently based at Fort Riley, Kansas, sibert, from Army units then in service on the U. S. -Mexico border and at various Army posts throughout the United States. The total authorized strength of this TO&E was 18,919 officers, George S. Frank W. Coe, who later served as Chief of Coast Artillery, was the divisions first chief of staff. The first units sailed from New York City and Hoboken, New Jersey on 14 June 1917, throughout the remainder of the year, the rest of the division followed, landing at St. Nazaire, France, and Liverpool, England. After a brief stay in rest camps, the troops in England proceeded to France, the last unit arrived in St. Nazaire 22 December. Upon arrival in France, the division, less its artillery, was assembled in the First training area, on 4 July, the 2nd Battalion, 16th Infantry, paraded through the streets of Paris to bolster the sagging French spirits. At Lafayettes tomb, Captain C. E. Stanton of the 16th Infantry Regiment stepped forward and said, Lafayette, two days later,6 July, Headquarters, First Expeditionary Division was redesignated as Headquarters, First Division. The total authorized strength of this new TO&E was 27,120 officers, on the morning of 23 October, the first American shell of the war was fired toward German lines by a First Division artillery unit. Two days later, the 2nd Battalion of the 16th Infantry suffered the first American casualties of the war, by April 1918, the Germans had pushed to within 40 miles of Paris. In reaction to this thrust, the Big Red One moved into the Picardy Sector to bolster the exhausted French First Army, to the divisions front lay the small village of Cantigny, situated on the high ground overlooking a forested countryside. The 28th Infantry Regiment attacked the town, and within 45 minutes captured it along with 250 German soldiers and it was the first American victory of the war. The 28th was thereafter named the Black Lions of Cantigny, Soissons was taken by the First Division in July 1918. The Soissons victory was costly –700 men were killed or wounded, the First Infantry helped to clear the St. Mihiel salient by fighting continuously from 11 to 13 September 1918. The last major World War I battle was fought in the Meuse-Argonne Forest, the division advanced seven kilometers and defeated, in whole or part, eight German divisions. This victory was due to the efforts of George C. Marshall, who at the time was a captain in the 1st Division and organized soldiers movements, the war was over when the Armistice was signed
10.
25th Infantry Division (United States)
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The 25th Infantry Division is a U. S. Army division based in Hawaii. The division, which was activated on 1 October 1941 in Hawaii and its present deployment is composed of Stryker, light infantry, airborne, and aviation units. The 25th Division was formed from the 27th and 35th Infantry regiments of the original Hawaiian Division− a pre–Second World War square division composed of two brigades with four infantry regiments, the remaining units of the Hawaiian Division were reorganized as the 24th Infantry Division. These steps, part of the Triangular division organization, were undertaken to provide more flexibility with direct control of three regiments. Sources, Constituted 26 August 1941 in the Army of the United States as Headquarters, 25th Infantry Division, following intensive training, the 25th began moving to Guadalcanal,25 November 1942, to relieve Marines near Henderson Field. The threat of enemy attacks caused a temporary withdrawal, but Division elements under XIV Corps control relieved the 147th Infantry. The junction of these elements with Americal Division forces near the cape,5 February 1943, a period of garrison duty followed, ending 21 July, On that date, advance elements debarked on Munda, New Georgia. The 25th Infantry, under the Northern Landing Force, took part in the capture of Vella Lavella,15 August to 15 September 1943. Meanwhile, other elements landed on New Georgia, took Zieta, marched through jungle mud for 19 days, elements cleared Arundel Island,24 September 1943, and Kolombangara island with its important Vila Airport,6 October. Organized resistance on New Georgia ended,25 August, and the moved to New Zealand for rest and training. The 25th was transferred to New Caledonia,3 February-14 March 1944 and it drove across the Luzon Central Plain, meeting the enemy at Binalonan,17 January. Moving through the rice paddies, the 25th occupied Umingan, Lupao, on 21 February, the division began operations in the Caraballo Mountains. It fought its way along Highway No,5, taking Digdig, Putlan, and Kapintalan against fierce enemy counterattacks and took Balete Pass,13 May, and opened the gateway to the Cagayan Valley,27 May, with the capture of Santa Fe. Until 30 June, when the division was relieved, it carried out mopping-up activities, on 1 July, the division moved to Tarlac for training, leaving for Japan,20 September. It remained on duty in Japan for the next five years. Open warfare once again flared in Asia, now the primary area of concern. The North Korean military crossed the 38th parallel on that day in an attack on South Korea, acting under United Nations orders, the Tropic Lightning Division moved from its base in Japan to Korea between 5–18 July 1950. The division, then under the command of Major General William B, kean, successfully completed its first mission by blocking the approaches to the port city Pusan
11.
United States Army Training and Doctrine Command
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Established 1 July 1973, the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command is a command of the United States Army headquartered at Fort Eustis, Virginia. It is charged with overseeing training of Army forces and the development of operational doctrine, TRADOC operates 37 schools and centers at 27 different locations. TRADOC schools conduct 1,304 courses and 108 language courses, the 1,304 courses include 516,000 seats for 443,231 soldiers,36,145 other-service personnel,8,314 international soldiers, and 28,310 civilians. The current commanding general of TRADOC summarizes its function as an organization to design, develop, thus, the three major commands of the Army shape its present and future men and materiel. S. Army as Americas Force of Decisive Action, TRADOC was established as a major U. S. Army command on 1 July 1973. The new command, along with the U. S. Army Forces Command, was created from the Continental Army Command located at Fort Monroe, Virginia. That action was the innovation in the Armys post-Vietnam reorganization, in the face of realization that CONARCs obligations. The new organization functionally realigned the major Army commands in the continental United States, CONARC, and Headquarters, U. S. Army Combat Developments Command, situated at Fort Belvoir, Virginia, were discontinued, with TRADOC and FORSCOM at Fort Belvoir assuming the realigned missions. FORSCOM assumed CONARCs operational responsibility for the command and readiness of all divisions and corps in the continental U. S. joined under TRADOC, the major Army missions of individual training and combat developments each had its own lineage. The individual training responsibility had belonged, during World War II, in 1946 numbered army areas were established in the U. S. under AGF command. At that time, the AGF moved from Washington, D. C. to Fort Monroe, in March 1948, the AGF was replaced at Fort Monroe with the new Office, Chief of Army Field Forces. OCAFF, however, did not command the training establishment and that function was exercised by Headquarters, Department of the Army through the numbered armies to the corps, division, and Army Training Centers. In February 1955, HQ Continental Army Command replaced OCAFF, assuming its missions as well as the missions from DA. In January, HQ CONARC was redesignated U. S, Combat developments emerged as a formal Army mission in the early 1950s, and OCAFF assumed that role in 1952. In 1955, CONARC assumed the mission, in 1962, HQ U. S. Army Combat Development Command was established to bring the combat developments function under one major Army command. Army Capabilities Integration Center Brigade Modernization Command U. S. S, Army Recruiting Command Sustainment Center of Excellence Ordnance School Transportation School Quartermaster School The current Commanding General is GEN David G. Perkins. The Command Sergeant Major is currently CSM David S. Davenport, TRADOC COMMAND OVERVIEW VIDEO on YouTube Human dimension Force2025 Command Overview Brief Fact Sheet Organization Chart TRADOC Website TRADOC history Joint Base Langley - Eustis
12.
1st Armored Division (United States)
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The 1st Armored Division—nicknamed Old Ironsides—is a combined arms division of the United States Army. The division is part of III Corps, with its base of operations in Fort Bliss in El Paso and it was the first armored division of the U. S. Army to see battle in World War II. Major General Robert P. White assumed command of the 1st Armored Division on 15 June 2016, the division command group consists of, Commanding General, Major General Robert P. White Deputy Commanding General, Brigadier general Frazer Lawrence. Deputy Commanding General, Brigadier general Jeffery Broadwater, Deputy Commanding General, Brigadier general Daniel Walrath. Chief of Staff, Colonel Charles D. Costanza, Command Sergeant Major, Command Sergeant Major Danny Day. Since relocating to Fort Bliss, Texas, the division has been reorganized under the new design, in which the deployable unit of maneuver is a brigade. The division consists of three brigade combat teams, an aviation brigade, a division artillery brigade, and a sustainment brigade. After the spring of 2015, 3rd IBCT deactivated after redeploying from Afghanistan, Magruder, after he saw a picture of the frigate USS Constitution, which is also nicknamed Old Ironsides. The large 1 at the top represents the numerical designation of the division, in January,1918, the Tank Corps of the United States Army was created with Colonel S. D. At his direction, a Lt. Wharton designed the coat of arms which was a triangle on a shield with a surrounding wreath. The triangle itself is an old heraldic element of design known as a pile. There was no shoulder patch in 1918, only this unit crest, the 7th Cavalry Brigade contributed the other part of the present day Armor shoulder patch. The brigade formed out of the 1st Cavalry Regiment at Marfa Texas, on Jan 16,1933 under General Van Voohris, the 7th Cav Bde included the 13th Cavalry. The 7th Cavalry Brigade had been organized specifically to develop the new armored force concept, Colonel George Linthwaite joined the 13th Cavalry regiment in 1933. Major General Robert W. Grow was instructed to develop a patch for the new armored force. Major Grow announced to the brigade that a contest would be held to design the new Armored force patch, a three-day pass was to be the reward for the designer of the winning entry. Private Linthwaite designed a patch which was 4” round and had a solid yellow-gold background to symbolize the Cavalry heritage, on the face of the patch he drew a stylized black tank track with drive and idler sprockets to symbolize mobility. In the center of the track at a diagonal, he placed a single cannon barrel, also in black
13.
My Old Kentucky Home
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My Old Kentucky Home, Good-Night. is an anti-slavery ballad originally written by Stephen Foster, probably composed in 1852. It was published as in January 1853 by Firth, Pond, in Fosters sketchbook, the song was originally entitled Poor Uncle Tom, Good-Night. But was altered by Foster as My Old Kentucky Home, Good-Night, the storyline in Harriet Beecher Stowes abolitionist novel Uncle Toms Cabin, is synonymous with the narrative of the song My Old Kentucky Home, Good-Night. In its entirety, the song contains three verses and one repeated after each verse. The first verse of My Old Kentucky Home, Good-Night, describes an enslaved servants description of the natural beauty and their feelings associated with a Kentucky farm landscape. The line that begins Byn by Hard Times, comes a knocking at the door, Then my old Kentucky home, good-night. Acknowledges that the farm is experiencing financial hardship, and the verse suggests that the narrator knows they will leave the Kentucky farm as a result of being sold to settle the debt. The chorus of the song describes a longing by the narrator to return to the Kentucky farm, Weep no-more my lady. For well sing one song for my old Kentucky home, for my old Kentucky home far-away, in the second verse, the enslaved servant describes an environment on the Kentucky farm absent of his peers. The narrator recalls a variety of remembrances of his peers and the places formerly occupied, They sing no more by the glimmer of the moon. The narrator acknowledges in the line of the third verse that they have been sold to a sugar plantation. The song ends with the chorus which contextually applies to all three verses, throughout its composition, the songs narrator remains non-gender specific. Fosters composition, both in verse and in its entirety, focuses on the unfair treatment of slaves and serves to bring awareness to its listeners of the hardships endured by slaves. The composition also embodies a theme in Fosters work of Fosters own childhood experiences of losing his home as a result of financial hardships. The creation of the song My Old Kentucky Home, Good-Night, in March 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowes abolitionist novel Uncle Toms Cabin appeared in bookstores in Fosters home town of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In his notebook, Foster penned the lyrics inspired by Stowes novel, initially named Poor Old Uncle Tom, Foster ultimately removed references to Stowes book, renaming the work, My Old Kentucky Home, Good-Night. Fosters song includes distinct Kentucky imagery, Fosters brother Morrison indicated in correspondence that Foster was an occasional visitor to Federal Hill, owned by Fosters relations, the Rowan family of Bardstown, Kentucky. The Foster and Rowan familys close relationship appears to have been initiated through Stephens sister Charlotte who stayed with the Rowans at Federal Hill in 1828, while Charlotte lived with the Rowan family, Atkinson Hill Rowan proposed to Charlotte who declined his offer of marriage
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Kentucky Senate
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The Kentucky Senate is the upper house of the Kentucky General Assembly. The Kentucky Senate is composed of 38 members elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth, there are no term limits for Kentucky Senators. The Kentucky Senate meets at the Kentucky State Capitol in Frankfort, per section 30 of the Kentucky Constitution, senators are elected to four year staggered terms, with half the Senate elected every two years. President, Robert Stivers President pro tempore, David P. Givens Additionally, each party elects a floor leader, whip
15.
Meritorious Unit Commendation
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The Meritorious Unit Commendation is a mid-level unit award of the United States Armed Forces. Army Meritorious Unit Commendation The Army MUC emblem worn to represent award of the MUC is 1 7⁄16 inches wide, the emblem consists of a 1⁄16 inch wide gold frame with laurel leaves which encloses a scarlet 67111 ribbon. The previously authorized emblem was a gold color embroidered laurel wreath,1 5⁄8 inches in diameter on a 2 inches square of olive drab cloth, Service in a combat zone is not required, but must be directly related to the combat effort. Units based in CONUS are excluded from this award, as are other units outside the area of operation, the unit must display such outstanding devotion and superior performance of exceptionally difficult tasks as to set it apart and above other units with similar missions. The degree of achievement required is the same as that which would warrant award of the Legion of Merit to an individual, recommendations for units larger than a brigade will not be submitted. For services performed during World War II, awards will be only to service units. Such service is interpreted to relate to combat service support type activities and not to the type of activities performed by senior headquarters, combat, all members of the unit cited for the award are approved to wear the emblem of the MUC. The emblem is thought of as a decoration for those in connection with the cited acts and is approved to be worn if they continue as members with the unit or not. Other personnel serving with the unit are approved to wear the emblem to show that the unit is a recipient of the MUC, the Army Meritorious Unit Commendation is worn after the Valorous Unit Award and before the Superior Unit Award. Additional awards of the Army MUC are denoted by oak leaf clusters. The Meritorious Service Unit Plaque was originally established by War Department Circular 345 on 23 August 1944, the circular provided units which received the Plaque were entitled to wear on their right sleeves of their service coat and shirt the Meritorious Service Unit Insignia. A gold star placed on the plaque represented additional awards until War Department Circular No,54,1946, provided that additional awards would be shown by placing a gold numeral on the inside of the wreath. In December 1946, the Meritorious Service Unit Plaque was eliminated, replaced with the issue of the Meritorious Unit Commendation, a new design of the Meritorious Service Unit Emblem was approved in April 1947. This replaced the sleeve insignia and was to be effective 1 January 1949, on 11 April 1949, TAG advised D/PA that the stock position was such that it would not be exhausted prior to 1959. However, the level was still so high that it was not introduced into the supply system until 14 July 1966. This award may also be conferred upon units of the branches of the U. S. Armed Forces, and the forces of friendly foreign nations serving with U. S. Armed Forces, provided such units meet the established for Navy
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Audie Murphy honors and awards
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Audie Murphy was one of the most decorated United States Army combat soldiers of World War II, serving from 1942 to 1945. He received every American combat award for valor available at the time of his service and he also received recognitions from France and Belgium. With his 1945 military discharge at the end of the war, the Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital in San Antonio and the Sergeant Audie Murphy Clubs on military bases honor his contributions. He joined the Texas National Guard in 1950, transferring to reserve status in 1956 and he also had a civilian career as a film actor and songwriter. Recognitions he received both during his lifetime and posthumously are listed below, on 25 February 1945 and 3 March 1945, he received two Silver Stars for further heroic actions. The French government awarded Murphy its Chevalier of the Legion of Honor and he received the Croix de guerre 1940 Palm from Belgium. The military assisted him with replacement medals after he gave away the originals, duplicates of his Medal of Honor and other medals can be viewed at Dallas Scottish Rite Temple museum. The official club crest was designed by club co-founder Don Moore, in 2012 a bronze bust created by Mark and Jenelle Byrd for display in the Sgt. Audie Murphy Club Room in Snow Hall was unveiled at Fort Sill,1972 – Audie Murphy Gym dedicated at Fort Benning, Georgia. Its 2009 renovation included a change to the Audie Murphy Athletic Performance Center. 1973 – Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, San Antonio, Texas dedicated, featuring an outdoor 8-foot bronze statue created by Jimilu Mason,1985 – 6-foot bronze statue at Camp Mabry, sculpted by West Texas artist Bill Leftwich, sponsored by the Texas National Guard. 3 May 2000 – Murphy was honored with his portrait on a thirty-three cent United States postage stamp,9 March 2001 – Camp Eagle military visitor lodging Audie Murphy Inn dedicated near Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina by the 3rd Infantry Division. 28 May 2006 – a 16-by-8-inch commemorative plaque unveiled at Mount Soledad Veterans Memorial in La Jolla, september 2008 – American Legion Audie Murphy Post 336 chartered, San Antonio, Texas. Date unknown – Audie Murphy Award sponsored by the American Veterans Center,1948 – Audie Murphy Arena, near Euless, Texas was dedicated as a venue for the yearly Audie Murphy Rodeo. In 1952 the Rodeo moved to Stephenville, Texas where it closed during the mid 1950s,12 February 1949 – Murphy made an honorary Texas A&M University cadet colonel. 2 July 1949 – Murphy made an honorary Texas Ranger and chosen to lead the Texas Ranger Day parade in Brooks County,1951 – Artist Kipp Soldwedel commissioned to paint Murphys portrait, now owned by the State of Texas and hung in various locations in the Texas State Capitol. 1962 – Dallas artist Dmitri Vail commissioned to paint Murphys portrait,1973 – Texas State Historical Marker 7820 installed in Celeste, denoting Murphys one-time residency. 1973 – Texas State Historical Marker 7821 installed in Kingston, denoting Murphys birthplace,20 June 1996 – Texas Legislature officially declared his birthdate as Audie Murphy Day
17.
78th Army Band
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The 78th Army Band, United States Army Reserve is a musical organization of the 99th Reserve Support Command. It was organized on 1 October 2008 as part of the Army Reserve Transformation process and was posted to Ft. Dix, New Jersey. In addition to its concert, ceremonial and concert bands the 78th Army Band also features a combo, brass quintet, a Dixie-land band. Presently the bands members are from Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, as an Army Reserve band the 78th trains and performs one weekend a month and performs two weeks of active duty each year. The band can be reached by contacting the full-time staff at 609-562-7914, the 78th Army Band Facebook page is, www. facebook. com/78thArmyBand Beyond military ceremonial performances, the 78th Army Band frequently performs community relations performances. These performances often include high school and community concerts, parades and other such performances as requested by members of the community at large
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Fort Dix
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Fort Dix, the common name for the Army Support Activity located at Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, is a United States Army post. It is located approximately 16.1 miles south-southeast of Trenton, Fort Dix is under the jurisdiction of the Army Installation Management Command. Fort Dix, established in 1917, was designated as part of an adjoining U. S. Air Force, however, it remains commonly known as Fort Dix, ASA Dix, or Dix as of 2015. In 2015, Colonel Shelley Balderson became Fort Dix first female commander in the bases 100-year history, Colonel Balderson rotated out of command in 2016, and the current commander is Colonel Martin Marty Klein. The supporting component at Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst is the United States Air Force, the 87 ABW provides installation management to all of JBMDL while both the Navy and Army retain command and control of their mission, personnel, equipment and component-specific services. While the Joint Base has an assigned Deputy Joint Base Commander for both Army and Navy, neither the Navy nor the Army bases are subordinate to the Joint Base, the commanders of both Fort Dix and Lakehurst serve also as a Deputy Joint Base Commanders. Dix has a history of mobilizing, training and demobilizing Soldiers from as early as World War I through April 2015 when Forts Bliss, in 1978, the first female recruits entered basic training at Fort Dix. In 1991, Dix trained Kuwaiti civilians in military skills so they could take part in their countrys liberation. Dix ended its active Army training mission in 1991 due to Base Realignment and Closure Commission recommendations, presently, it serves as a joint training site for all components and all services of the U. S. military and is commanded by an Army Colonel. Marine Aircraft Group 49 99th Regional Support Command 2d Brigade, 75th Division USCG Atlantic Strike Team U. S, Camp Dix, as it was known at the time, was a training and staging ground for units during World War I. Though the camp was a camp for the New York Port of Embarkation it did not fall under the direct control of that command with the War Department retaining direct jurisdiction. The camp became a center after the war. Between the World Wars, Camp Dix was a reception, training, Camp Dix became Fort Dix on March 8,1939, and the installation became a permanent Army post. During and after World War II the fort served the purpose as in the first World War. It served as a training and staging ground during the war, on July 15,1947, Fort Dix became a basic training center and the home of the 9th Infantry Division. In 1954, the 9th moved out and the 69th Infantry Division made the home until it was deactivated on March 16,1956. During the Vietnam War rapid expansion took place, a mock Vietnam village was constructed and soldiers received Vietnam-specific training before being deployed. Since Vietnam, Fort Dix has sent soldiers to Operation Desert Shield, Desert Storm, Bosnia, Afghanistan, the Atlantic Strike Team of the U. S. Coast Guard is based at Fort Dix
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United States Armed Forces School of Music
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The Navy School of Music is a United States Navy school located at Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek–Fort Story in Virginia Beach, Virginia. The schools mission is to provide specialized training to musicians of the Navy. The school does not provide training for musicians of the Air Force or Coast Guard, the school no longer provides training to Army musicians, although the Army school is co-located with the Navy school and they share facilities. The U. S. Navy School of Music was founded at the Washington Navy Yard by order of the Chief of the Bureau of Navigation on 26 June 1935. The Marine Corps was given an allocation for 15 students in 1946, the school was renamed U. S. Naval School of Music to reflect the fact that the school now trained not only Navy personnel but all personnel of the naval service. In 1950 the Army reached an agreement with the Navy to begin training Army musicians at the Naval School of Music, the first class of 150 Army students began training in January 1951. On 13 April 1961 the United States Secretary of the Navy announced plans for the U. S. Naval School of Music to be relocated to Little Creek Naval Amphibious Base. The USS Caddo Parish and the USS Monmouth County proceeded to Little Creek, loaded with musical instruments and Army, each ship had a band aboard to play honors as it passed George Washingtons tomb in Mount Vernon, Virginia. This was the first time an Army band performed honors on a Navy ship for president George Washington, the ships landed at the base on the morning of 13 August 1964. Armed Forces School of Music concurrent with the move, the earliest formal training for U. S. Army musicians was at the School of Practice for U. S. A. Field Musicians at Fort Jay, a recruiting post on Governors Island in New York Harbor. A second, lesser known school was established at the western infantry recruiting post at Newport Barracks in Kentucky, Musical training was first held at this location in 1809, but training was not formalized at Governors Island until the mid-1830s. Between the end of the Civil War and the beginning of the 20th century, training was often sporadic and not standardized. In 1911, Frank Damrosch, director of the Institute of Musical Art, and Arthur A. Clappe, by 1914, the school had added a course of basic musical training to the program of instruction. The school grew rapidly, along with Army bands as a whole, in February 1920, the Army Music School at Fort Jay was designated a Special Services School of the Army. In September 1921 the school was moved to the Army War College, Washington, the school was closed by the Army in 1928. It was originally located in the United States Army Band Barracks, Army War College and subsequently moved to Fort Myer, Virginia. Students were selected from enlisted men who had the following general qualifications, one was located at the Signal Corps Replacement Training Center, Fort Crowder, Missouri, and the other at the Quartermaster Replacement Training Center, Fort Lee, Virginia
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United States military music customs
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United States military music customs are the traditional, regulatory, and statutory provisions that guide performances by United States military bands during drill and ceremony and state occasions. For hundreds of years, military forces have used music to signal their troops, at the outset of the American Revolution, United States military units primarily relied on fife and drum corps for musical support. I never felt such a sensation before—it seemed to crown our disgrace, the modern bugle was first introduced to American military units around the time of the War of 1812. During that conflict, only the Rifle Regiment was authorized to use the bugle, all other American forces were required to continue using the traditional American fife. Gradually, however, bugles became more widely adopted by the United States military, American bugle calls have largely been based on early French bugle calls. The dawn of the music era hastened the downfall of the fife. Today, United States military bands employ music at times as provided for in armed forces regulations, statute law. A single bugler performing Taps is traditionally used to give graveside honors to the deceased, the bugle calls Reveille and Retreat are used to mark sunrise and sunset at military installations, respectively. Reveille and Retreat are used as guides for the performance of non-musical honors, United States drum cadences are performed at a fast 120 beats per minute. Funeral cadences are performed at 112 beats per minutes, when a full band is not available but a single bugler is, To the Color is used in place of the U. S. national anthem The Star-Spangled Banner when saluting the United States flag. At remembrance services—which are held to honor a unit or other group of military personnel —bands play the Battle Hymn of the Republic immediately following the homily, the various branches of the U. S. armed forces prescribe specific hymns to be played at funerals. U. S. Air Force regulations direct that Faith of Our Fathers be performed at Roman Catholic burials, the trio section from National Emblem is performed to advance the colors. This may be replaced by Youre a Grand Old Flag in certain situations, some U. S. Army units, such as the 1st Infantry Division, have officially recognized unit marches and songs. Army units with attached bands can adopt unit songs at the request of the commanding officer, other units with official songs include the 7th Infantry Division, and the 3rd Armored Division. Bands perform ruffles and flourishes prior to the march of a dignitary. Three ruffles and flourishes are offered to lieutenant generals and vice admirals, following ruffles and flourishes a pause is observed to allow the announcement of the dignitary. The appropriate entrance march is performed, Hail to the Chief, Hail Columbia. The last 32 bars of Stars and Stripes Forever are performed as a generic entrance march for civilian officials below the rank of Vice President, if the official is a foreign dignitary, the last 16 bars of Hands Across the Sea is used instead
21.
United States military bands
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United States military bands include musical ensembles maintained by the United States Army, United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Air Force, and United States Coast Guard. During the colonial period, most British army units posted in the area that would become the United States had bands attached, the first recorded instance of a local American military band was in 1653 in the New Hampshire militia. The oldest extant United States military band is the United States Marine Corps Band, formed in 1798, currently, the U. S. armed forces field eleven premier ensembles, as well as more than 100 smaller, active-duty and reserve bands. Most bands of the U. S. armed forces reconfigure into combat units during wartime during which they have non-musical responsibilities, including guarding prisoners of war, all U. S. military bands are composed of regularly enlisted or commissioned military personnel. One exception to this is the U. S. Coast Guard Pipe Band, for hundreds of years, military forces have used music to signal their troops. According to research by the U. S, armed Forces School of Music, the first complete military band in the American colonies was organized in New Hampshire in 1653 with an instrumentation of 15 oboes and two drums. At the outset of the American Revolution, United States military units primarily relied on fife, I never felt such a sensation before—it seemed to crown our disgrace. In the enabling legislation authorizing the creation of the Marines, Congress authorized the funding of a Drum-Major, Fife Major and 32 musicians. This band, the U. S. Marine Band, as of 2015 remains the oldest extant military music organization in the United States and, indeed, the establishment of regular U. S. armed forces brought with it a standardization of uniforms. The modern bugle was first introduced to American military units around the time of the War of 1812, during that conflict, only the Rifle Regiment was authorized to use the bugle. All other American forces were required to continue using the traditional American fife, gradually, however, bugles became more widely adopted by the United States military. In 1855 United States Marine Band director Francesco Scala adopted the helmet for that bands drum-major in emulation of European trends. At the time of the American Civil War, U. S. Army bands had a strength of 24 musicians for infantry units. The proposal was shelved in the face of opposition from officers and soldiers, however, nonetheless, a survey in October 1861 found that 75-percent of Union regiments had a band and, by December of that year, the Union Army had 28,000 musicians in 618 bands. Bandsmen were also, for the first time, tasked with performing duties in addition to musical performance, frequently as stretcher-bearers. Musicians were often given special privileges, Union general Phillip Sheridan gave his cavalry bands the best horses and special uniforms, believing music has done its share, and more than its share, in winning this war. By the early 1900s military bands were being established in the reaches of the American colonial empire. Most notable among them was the Philippine Constabulary Band under the direction of Walter Loving, the regimental bands of these newly formed units were frequently led by black blues and jazz musicians experienced performing in the clubs of New York and Chicago
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Military band
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A military band is a group of personnel that performs musical duties for military functions, usually for the armed forces. A typical military band consists mostly of wind and percussion instruments, the conductor of a band commonly bears the title of Bandmaster or Director of Music. Ottoman military bands are thought to be the oldest variety of marching band in the world. Military bands also play a part in funeral ceremonies. There are two types of traditions in military bands. The first is military field music and this type of music includes bugles, bagpipes, or fifes and almost always drums. This type of music was used to control troops on the battlefield as well as for entertainment, following the development of instruments such as the keyed trumpet or the saxhorn family of brass instruments, a second tradition of the brass and woodwind military band was formed. 11th century book Divânu Lügatit-Türk mentions prototype of Mehtaran, as a nevbet, 17th century traveler Evliya Çelebi noted that the Ottoman Empire had 40 guilds of musicians in 1670s Istanbul. Ottoman military bands influenced European equivalents, each regiment in the British Army maintained its own military band. Until 1749 bandsmen were civilians hired at the expense of the colonel commanding a regiment, instruments during the 18th century included fifes, drums, the oboe, French horn, clarinet and bassoon. Drummers summoned men from their farms and ranches to muster for duty, in the chaotic environment of the battlefield, musical instruments were the only means of commanding the men to advance, stand or retire. In the mid 19th century each smaller unit had their own fifer and drummer, when units massed for battle a band of musicians was formed for the whole. The American military band traditions date from the British era, from the American Revolutionary War onward military bands marched in the same manner as their French counterparts. During the American Civil War most Union regiments had both types of groups within the unit and these performed in a concert setting for entertainment, as well as continued to perform drill and martial events. Field music is popular with many organizations such as police, fire. Indeed, Russia has a tradition of military bands and so many military marches have been composed by various composers through the years. The military bands also provide musical support in civil and military events, in a wide range of groups. Some can even continue the old Russian military band traditions by donning the old imperial military uniforms of the Russian Empire, todays French Armed Forces bands are also of the headquarters element from the regimental or brigade level onward and can also provide musical elements for civil and military events
United States Army Reserve
