1.
Berlin
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Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million, Berlin is the second most populous city proper, due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers. Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world, following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all-Germany. Berlin is a city of culture, politics, media. Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations. Berlin serves as a hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination, significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction and electronics. Modern Berlin is home to world renowned universities, orchestras, museums and its urban setting has made it a sought-after location for international film productions. The city is known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts. Since 2000 Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene, the name Berlin has its roots in the language of West Slavic inhabitants of the area of todays Berlin, and may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl-. All German place names ending on -ow, -itz and -in, since the Ber- at the beginning sounds like the German word Bär, a bear appears in the coat of arms of the city. It is therefore a canting arm, the first written records of towns in the area of present-day Berlin date from the late 12th century. Spandau is first mentioned in 1197 and Köpenick in 1209, although these areas did not join Berlin until 1920, the central part of Berlin can be traced back to two towns. Cölln on the Fischerinsel is first mentioned in a 1237 document,1237 is considered the founding date of the city. The two towns over time formed close economic and social ties, and profited from the right on the two important trade routes Via Imperii and from Bruges to Novgorod. In 1307, they formed an alliance with a common external policy, in 1415 Frederick I became the elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, which he ruled until 1440. In 1443 Frederick II Irontooth started the construction of a new palace in the twin city Berlin-Cölln
2.
Brandenburg
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Brandenburg is one of the sixteen federated states of Germany. It lies in the northeast of the country covering an area of 29,478 square kilometers and has 2.48 million inhabitants, the capital and largest city is Potsdam. Brandenburg surrounds but does not include the capital and city-state Berlin forming a metropolitan area. Brandenburg is one of the states that was re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former East Germany. Governed by the Hohenzollern dynasty from 1415, it contained the future German capital Berlin, after 1618 the Margraviate of Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia were combined to form Brandenburg-Prussia, which was ruled by the same branch of the House of Hohenzollern. In 1701 the state was elevated as the Kingdom of Prussia, Brandenburg is situated in territory known in antiquity as Magna Germania, which reached to the Vistula river. By the 7th century, Slavic peoples are believed to have settled in the Brandenburg area, the Slavs expanded from the east, possibly driven from their homelands in present-day Ukraine and perhaps Belarus by the invasions of the Huns and Avars. They relied heavily on river transport, the two principal Slavic groups in the present-day area of Brandenburg were the Hevelli in the west and the Sprevane in the east. Beginning in the early 10th century, Henry the Fowler and his successors conquered territory up to the Oder River, Slavic settlements such as Brenna, Budusin, and Chośebuz came under imperial control through the installation of margraves. Their main function was to defend and protect the eastern marches, in 948 Emperor Otto I established margraves to exert imperial control over the pagan Slavs west of the Oder River. Otto founded the Bishoprics of Brandenburg and Havelberg, the Northern March was founded as a northeastern border territory of the Holy Roman Empire. However, an uprising of Wends drove imperial forces from the territory of present-day Brandenburg in 983. The region returned to the control of Slavic leaders, the Roman Catholic Church brought bishoprics which, with their walled towns, afforded protection from attacks for the townspeople. With the monks and bishops, the history of the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, in 1134, in the wake of a German crusade against the Wends, the German magnate, Albert the Bear, was granted the Northern March by the Emperor Lothar III. He formally inherited the town of Brandenburg and the lands of the Hevelli from their last Wendish ruler, Pribislav, after crushing a force of Sprevane who occupied the town of Brandenburg in the 1150s, Albert proclaimed himself ruler of the new Margraviate of Brandenburg. Albert, and his descendants the Ascanians, then made progress in conquering, colonizing, Christianizing. Within this region, Slavic and German residents intermarried, during the 13th century, the Ascanians began acquiring territory east of the Oder, later known as the Neumark. In 1320, the Brandenburg Ascanian line came to an end, under the Luxembourgs, the Margrave of Brandenburg gained the status of a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire
3.
FM broadcasting
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FM broadcasting is a method of radio broadcasting using frequency modulation technology. Invented in 1933 by American engineer Edwin Armstrong, it is used worldwide to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio, FM broadcasting is capable of better sound quality than AM broadcasting, the chief competing radio broadcasting technology, so it is used for most music broadcasts. FM radio stations use the VHF frequencies, the term FM band describes the frequency band in a given country which is dedicated to FM broadcasting. Throughout the world, the FM broadcast band falls within the VHF part of the radio spectrum. Usually 87.5 to 108.0 MHz is used, or some portion thereof, with few exceptions, In the former Soviet republics, and some former Eastern Bloc countries, assigned frequencies are at intervals of 30 kHz. This band, sometimes referred to as the OIRT band, is slowly being phased out in many countries, in those countries the 87. 5–108.0 MHz band is referred to as the CCIR band. In Japan, the band 76–95 MHz is used, the frequency of an FM broadcast station is usually an exact multiple of 100 kHz. In most of South Korea, the Americas, the Philippines, in some parts of Europe, Greenland and Africa, only even multiples are used. In the UK odd or even are used, in Italy, multiples of 50 kHz are used. There are other unusual and obsolete FM broadcasting standards in countries, including 1,10,30,74,500. Random noise has a triangular spectral distribution in an FM system and this can be offset, to a limited extent, by boosting the high frequencies before transmission and reducing them by a corresponding amount in the receiver. Reducing the high frequencies in the receiver also reduces the high-frequency noise. These processes of boosting and then reducing certain frequencies are known as pre-emphasis and de-emphasis, the amount of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis used is defined by the time constant of a simple RC filter circuit. In most of the world a 50 µs time constant is used, in the Americas and South Korea,75 µs is used. This applies to both mono and stereo transmissions, for stereo, pre-emphasis is applied to the left and right channels before multiplexing. They cannot be pre-emphasized as much because it would cause excessive deviation of the FM carrier, systems more modern than FM broadcasting tend to use either programme-dependent variable pre-emphasis, e. g. dbx in the BTSC TV sound system, or none at all. Long before FM stereo transmission was considered, FM multiplexing of other types of audio level information was experimented with. Edwin Armstrong who invented FM was the first to experiment with multiplexing and these original FM multiplex subcarriers were amplitude modulated
4.
DVB-C
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DVB-C stands for Digital Video Broadcasting - Cable and it is the DVB European consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital television over cable. This system transmits an MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 family digital audio/digital video stream, the standard was first published by the ETSI in 1994, and subsequently became the most widely used transmission system for digital cable television in Europe, Asia and South America. It is deployed worldwide in systems ranging from the cable television networks down to smaller satellite master antenna TV systems. On February 18,2008 it was announced that a new standard – DVB-C2 – would be developed during 2008, proposals including simulation programs and information on patent rights could be submitted until June 16,2008. The final DVB-C2 specification was approved by the DVB Steering Board in April 2009, modes and features of DVB-C2 in comparison to DVB-C, With reference to the figure, a short description of the single processing blocks follows. Source coding and MPEG-2 multiplexing, video, audio, and data streams are multiplexed into an MPEG program stream, one or more MPEG-PSs are joined together into an MPEG transport stream. This is the digital stream which is being transmitted and received by home set top boxes or relevant integrable decoder module. Allowed bitrates for the transported MPEG-2 depend on a number of modulation parameters, MUX adaptation and energy dispersal, the MPEG-TS is identified as a sequence of data packets, of fixed length. With a technique called energy dispersal, the sequence is decorrelated. External interleaver, convolutional interleaving is used to rearrange the transmitted data sequence, byte/m-tuple conversion, data bytes are encoded into bit m-tuples. Differential coding, In order to get a rotation-invariant constellation, this unit shall apply a differential encoding of the two Most Significant Bits of each symbol, QAM Mapper, the bit sequence is mapped into a base-band digital sequence of complex symbols. There are 5 allowed modulation modes, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM, 256-QAM, base-band shaping, the QAM signal is filtered with a raised-cosine shaped filter, in order to remove mutual signal interference at the receiving side. DAC and front-end, the signal is transformed into an analog signal, with a digital-to-analog converter. The receiving STB adopts techniques which are dual to those used in the transmission
5.
Digital audio broadcasting
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Digital audio broadcasting is a digital radio standard for broadcasting digital audio radio services, used in several countries across Europe and Asia Pacific. The DAB standard was initiated as a European research project in the 1980s, the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation launched the first DAB channel in the world on 1 June 1995, and the BBC and Swedish Radio launched their first DAB digital radio broadcasts in September 1995. DAB receivers have been available in many countries since the end of the 1990s, DAB may offer more radio programmes over a specific spectrum than analogue FM radio. Audio quality varies depending on the used and audio material. Most stations use a bit rate of 128 kbit/s or less with the MP2 audio codec, which requires 160 kbit/s to achieve perceived FM quality. 128 kbit/s gives better dynamic range or signal-to-noise ratio than FM radio, but a more smeared stereo image, however, CD quality sound with MP2 is possible with 256…192 kbps. An upgraded version of the system was released in February 2007, DAB is not forward compatible with DAB+, which means that DAB-only receivers are not able to receive DAB+ broadcasts. However, broadcasters can mix DAB and DAB+ programs inside the same transmission, DAB+ is approximately twice as efficient as DAB, and more robust. In spectrum management, the bands that are allocated for public DAB services, are abbreviated with T-DAB, where the T stands for terrestrial. More than 30 countries provide DAB transmissions, and several countries, such as Norway, UK, Australia, Italy, Malta, Switzerland, The Netherlands, in many countries it is expected that DAB will gradually replace FM radio. Norway was the first country to announce national FM radio analog switchoff starting from 2017, DAB has been under development since 1981 at the Institut für Rundfunktechnik. In 1985 the first DAB demonstrations were held at the WARC-ORB in Geneva, later DAB was developed as a research project for the European Union, which started in 1987 on initiative by a consortium formed in 1986. The MPEG-1 Audio Layer II codec was created as part of the EU147 project, a choice of audio codec, modulation and error-correction coding schemes and first trial broadcasts were made in 1990. Public demonstrations were made in 1993 in the United Kingdom, the protocol specification was finalized in 1993 and adopted by the ITU-R standardization body in 1994, the European community in 1995 and by ETSI in 1997. Pilot broadcasts were launched in countries in 1995. The UK was the first country to receive a range of radio stations via DAB. Commercial DAB receivers began to be sold in 1999 and over 50 commercial, the standard was coordinated by the European DAB forum, formed in 1995 and reconstituted to the World DAB Forum in 1997, which represents more than 30 countries. In 2006 the World DAB Forum became the World DMB Forum which now presides over both the DAB and DMB standard, in October 2005, the World DMB Forum instructed its Technical Committee to carry out the work needed to adopt the AAC+ audio codec and stronger error correction coding
6.
Slogan
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The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising. A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and these attributes are necessary in a slogan, as it is only a short phrase. Therefore, it is necessary for slogans to be memorable, as well as concise in what the organisation or brand is trying to say, the word slogan is derived from slogorn which was an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic and Irish sluagh-ghairm. Slogans vary from the written and the visual to the chanted and their simple rhetorical nature usually leaves little room for detail and a chanted slogan may serve more as social expression of unified purpose than as communication to an intended audience. George E. Shankels research states that, English-speaking people began using the term by 1704, the term at that time meant the distinctive note, phrase or cry of any person or body of persons. Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the Middle Ages, crimmins research suggests that brands are an extremely valuable corporate asset, and can make up a lot of a businesss total value. With this in mind, if we take into consideration Kellers research and these include, name, logo and slogan. Brands names and logos both can be changed by the way the receiver interprets them, therefore, the slogan has a large job in portraying the brand. Therefore, the slogan should create a sense of likability in order for the name to be likable. Dass, Kumar, Kohli, & Thomas research suggests there are certain factors that make up the likability of a slogan. The clarity of the message the brand is trying to encode within the slogan, the slogan emphasizes the benefit of the product or service it is portraying. The creativity of a slogan is another factor that had an effect on the likability of a slogan. Lastly, leaving the name out of the slogan will have a positive effect on the likability of the brand itself. The original usage refers to the usage as a clan motto among Highland clans, marketing slogans are often called taglines in the United States or straplines in the United Kingdom. Europeans use the terms baselines, signatures, claims or pay-offs, sloganeering is a mostly derogatory term for activity which degrades discourse to the level of slogans. Slogans are used to convey a message about the product, service or cause that it is representing and it can have a musical tone to it or written as a song. Slogans are often used to capture the attention of the audience it is trying to reach, if the slogan is used for commercial purposes, often it is written to be memorable/catchy in order for a consumer to associate the slogan with the product it is representing. A slogan is part of the aspect that helps create an image for the product
7.
Adult contemporary music
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Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. Adult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and it is usually melodic enough to get a listeners attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure, the format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched, however, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers. An AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it excludes hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as these are popular among adults. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s, a common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart, over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including hot AC, soft AC, urban AC, rhythmic AC, and Christian AC. Some stations play only hot AC, soft AC, or only one of the variety of subgenres, therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music, it is merely an assemblage of selected tracks from musicians of many different genres. Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, a few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. Billboard first published the Easy Listening chart July 17,1961, with 20 songs, the chart described itself as not too far out in either direction. Initially, the vocalists consisted of such as Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Connie Francis, Nat King Cole, Perry Como. The custom recordings were usually instrumental versions of current or recent rock and roll or pop hit songs, some stations would also occasionally play earlier big band-era recordings from the 1940s and early 1950s. After 1965, differences between the Hot 100 chart and the Easy Listening chart became more pronounced, better reflecting what middle of the road stations were actually playing, the composition of the chart changed dramatically. As rock music continued to harden, there was much less crossover between the Hot 100 and Easy Listening chart than there had been in the half of the 1960s. Roger Miller, Barbra Streisand and Bobby Vinton were among the charts most popular performers and these middle of the road stations also frequently included older, pre-rock-era adult standards and big band titles to further appeal to adult listeners who had grown up with those songs. Another big impetus for the evolution of the AC radio format was the popularity of easy listening or beautiful music stations, stations with music specifically designed to be purely ambient, hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1965. From the end of the 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody
8.
RTL Group
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RTL Group is a European entertainment company. It has interests in 59 television and 31 radio stations in 10 countries and it is majority-owned by German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. Its shares are quoted on the Xetra stock exchange in Germany. It is one of the leading producers of television content, such as game shows and soaps, including The X Factor, Pop Idol, Good Times, Bad Times, The Price Is Right, Family Feud. RTL originally stood for Radio Television Lëtzebuerg, Radio Télévision Luxembourg or Radio Television Luxemburg, the RTL Group began in 1924 with a single radio station operated from a private home in Luxembourg. In 1931 CLR or Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Radiodiffusion, which operated Radio Luxembourg, was founded, CLR was one of 23 founding broadcasting organisations of the European Broadcasting Union in 1950. RTL Group is still an EBU-member under a name, CLT Multi Media. In 1954 it was renamed CLT or Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion, in 1997 it merged with Hamburg-based UFA Film- und Fernseh-GmbH, a subsidiary of global media conglomerate Bertelsmann to create CLT-UFA. In 2000 it merged with Pearson TV and became RTL Group, as of January 2014, Bertelsmann owns a 75. 1% stake in the publicly listed company. One of the reasons for RTLs early success was that Luxembourg allowed commercial radio and this flexibility enabled RTL to transmit to other countries in their own languages. Many British radio presenters began their careers on Radio Luxembourg before moving to the BBC, Radio Luxembourg relaunched in November 2005 and is currently available online at www. radioluxembourg. co. uk and on Digital Radio Mondiale. A sister station, Atlantic 252 was a radio station jointly run by RTL Group. It ceased broadcasting live on December 20,2001, RTL Television has been operating HbbTV services since 2010. In August 2013, RTL announced a joint venture for the Asian market with CBS Corporation, RTL CBS Entertainment will be the first channel, expected to launch in September. Another channel, RTL CBS Extreme is announced for early 2014, the joint venture operates under the newly founded RTL CBS Asia Entertainment Network. In 2014 RTL Group bought a controlling interest in StyleHaul, a YouTube fashion platform, RTL raised its stake in StyleHaul to 93. 6% for $US107 million. Media Capital, a Portuguese media group was sold to Prisa on 6 February 2007, subsequently, RTLs 33% share in TVI was transferred to Prisa. Five, a UK TV channel was sold to Richard Desmonds Northern & Shell on 23 July 2010, alpha TV, a Greek channel with panhellenic transmission
9.
Berlin-Charlottenburg
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Charlottenburg is an affluent locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Charlottenburg was an independent city to the west of Berlin until 1920 when it was incorporated into Groß-Berlin, in the course of Berlins 2001 administrative reform it was merged with the former borough of Wilmersdorf becoming a part of a new borough called Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Later, in 2004, the new districts were rearranged, dividing the former borough of Charlottenburg into the localities of Charlottenburg proper, Westend. Charlottenburg is located in Berlins inner city, west of the Großer Tiergarten park and its historic core, the former village green of Alt Lietzow, is situated on the southern shore of the Spree River running through the Berlin glacial valley. In the north and west, the Berlin Ringbahn and the Bundesautobahn 100 mark the border with the Charlottenburg-Nord, adjacent in the south is the territory of Wilmersdorf. Charlottenburg also borders on the district of Halensee in the southwest, as well as on Moabit, Hansaviertel and Tiergarten in the east, archaeological findings in the area date back to the Neolithic era. Although these names are of Slavic origin, the settlements are likely to have had a mixed Slavic, Lietzow is first documented in a 1239 deed. In 1315, Lietzow and Casow became the property of the Sankt Marien nunnery in nearby Spandau, as a result, the Lietzow farmstead probably was expanded to a village. In the course of the Protestant Reformation, Elector Joachim II Hector of Brandenburg confiscated the estates, while the Lietzow area has been populated continuously, Casow and Glienicke were abandoned. From old field names it is believed that Glienicke lay in the area of the present day streets Kantstraße, Fasanenstraße, Kurfürstendamm, the development of Lietzow is well documented. For more than four hundred years, members of the Berendt family were mayors, in 1695, Sophia Charlotte of Hanover received Lietzow from her husband, Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg, in exchange for her estates in Caputh and Langerwisch near Potsdam. Frederick had a residence built there for Sophie Charlotte by the architect Johann Arnold Nering between 1695 and 1699. After he had crowned himself Frederick I, King in Prussia, the Swedish master builder Johann Friedrich Eosander supervised this work. The king served as the mayor until the historic village of Lietzow was incorporated into Charlottenburg in 1720. Fredericks successor as king, Frederick William I of Prussia, rarely stayed at the palace, Frederick William even tried to revoke the towns privileges. With the coronation of his successor Frederick II inl 1740 the towns significance increased, between 1740 and 1747 Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff built the eastern New Wing as Fredericks residence. Later, Frederick II preferred the palace of Sanssouci, which he had designed himself. After the defeat of the Prussian army at Jena in 1806, napoleon took over the palace, while his troops made a camp nearby
10.
KIIS-FM
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KIIS-FM – branded 102.7 KIIS FM – is a commercial Top 40 radio station licensed to Los Angeles, California. KIIS-FM is the origin of the KISS-FM brand, and currently serves as the station for On Air with Ryan Seacrest. The KIIS-FM studios are located in Burbank, while the station transmitter resides on Mount Wilson, besides a standard analog transmission, KIIS-FM broadcasts over two HD Radio channels including Evolution on its HD-2 subchannel, and features an all-dance music format. Streams online via iHeartRadio, and extends its signal by using a single full-power repeater – KVVS in Rosamond. The station also simulcasts over channel 11 on Sirius XM satellite radio, KIIS-FM has consistently been rated the #1 radio station in all of the Los Angeles, Orange, and Ventura County markets, averaging nearly 1 million listeners. 102.7 FM started as KLAC-FM, a station to KLAC. The station was a simulcast of the AM station, until the late 1960s, when the Federal Communications Commission banned continuous AM/FM simulcasts for over half of the broadcast day. The FM started its own programming, which was a middle of the format, in 1967. KKDJ broadcast as an FM top 40 station until 1975, when Combined Communications purchased KKDJ, at that time, KKDJs call letters were changed to KIIS-FM. The spelling of K-I-I-S instead of KISS, was because it resembled the AM frequency, the new merged station was referred to as, AM and FM, K-double I-S. Later, in 1977, News Director Gary McKenzie who went on to anchor at RKO Radio Networks, the AM and FM stations did simulcasts during the day while returning to two separate stations in the evening hours. Unable to draw high ratings with contemporary, KIIS-FM began to evolve, first to Top 40 in 1976, then Dance and Disco in 1978. KIIS AM would keep its soft rock/adult contemporary format until late 1979, just prior to this, Gannett Company purchased both KIIS-AM-FM and Combined Communications. In 1981, the format of KIIS AM was changed to religious talk, rick Dees joined the station for mornings in July 1981 after 93 KHJ switched formats to Country. Fill-In personality Dave Sebastian, working both the AM and FM stations at the time, hosted the vacated FM morning show until the arrival of Dees due to a clause in his contract. With Dees in mornings, KIIS became a CHR powerhouse in Los Angeles, in 1985, KIIS returned to a Top 40 format and simulcasted KIIS-FM morning and afternoon shows, while all other day parts had different disc jockeys. The simulcast continued until 1997, when KIIS AM flipped to Sports Talk as KXTA, simulcasting with XETRA-AM Tijuana/San Diego until 2005. In 1998, Jacor Communications acquired KAVS and KYHT, abandoning the format as High Desert Modern Rock 97.7 &105.3
11.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
12.
Potsdam
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Potsdam is the capital and largest city of the German federal state of Brandenburg. It directly borders the German capital Berlin and is part of the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region and it is situated on the River Havel,24 kilometres southwest of Berlins city centre. Potsdam was a residence of the Prussian kings and the German Kaiser, around the city there are a series of interconnected lakes and cultural landmarks, in particular the parks and palaces of Sanssouci, the largest World Heritage Site in Germany. The Potsdam Conference in 1945 was held at the palace Cecilienhof, the Filmstudio Babelsberg is the oldest large-scale film studio in the world. Potsdam developed into a centre of science in Germany in the 19th century, today, there are three public colleges, the University of Potsdam, and more than 30 research institutes in the city. The area was formed from a series of large moraines left after the last glacial period, today, the city is three-quarters green space, with just a quarter as urban area. There are about 20 lakes and rivers in and around Potsdam, such as the Havel, the Griebnitzsee, Templiner See, Tiefer See, Jungfernsee, Teltowkanal, Heiliger See, the highest point is the 114-metre high Kleiner Ravensberg. Potsdam is divided into seven city districts and nine new Ortsteile. The appearances of the city districts are quite different, the districts in the north and in the centre consist mainly of historical buildings, the south of the city is dominated by larger areas of newer buildings. Potsdam has an Oceanic climate, with cool, snowy winters, the average winter high temperature is 3.5 °C, with a low of −1.7 °C. Snow is common in the winter, summers are mild, with a high of 23.6 °C and a low of 12.7 °C. The name Potsdam originally seems to have been Poztupimi, a common theory is that it derives from an old West Slavonic term meaning beneath the oaks, i. e. the corrupted pod dubmi/dubimi. The area around Potsdam shows occupancy since the Bronze Age and was part of Magna Germania as described by Tacitus. After the great migrations of the Germanic peoples, Slavs moved in and it was first mentioned in a document in 993 AD as Poztupimi, when Emperor Otto III gifted the territory to the Quedlinburg Abbey, then led by his aunt Matilda. By 1317, it was mentioned as a small town and it gained its town charter in 1345. In 1573, it was still a market town of 2,000 inhabitants. Potsdam lost nearly half of its due to the Thirty Years War. After the Edict of Potsdam in 1685, Potsdam became a centre of European immigration and its religious freedom attracted people from France, Russia, the Netherlands and Bohemia
13.
Finsterwalde
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Finsterwalde is a town in the Elbe-Elster district, in Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the Schackebach, a tributary of the Kleine Elster,28 m, the town has a Gothic church, a castle, schools, cloth and cigar factories, iron-foundries, flour and saw mills and factories for machine building. The town, which is first mentioned in 1288, came into the possession of the Electorate of Saxony from 1635, popular are the four singers from Finsterwalde and their singer-song. Media related to Finsterwalde at Wikimedia Commons
14.
Luckenwalde
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Luckenwalde is the capital of the Teltow-Fläming district in the German state of Brandenburg. It is situated on the Nuthe river north of the Fläming Heath, at the rim of the Nuthe-Nieplitz Nature Park. The town area includes the villages of Frankenfelde and Kolzenburg, the former Slavic settlement of Lugkin was conquered by Margrave Conrad Wettin of Meissen in the course of the 1147 Wendish Crusade. Lukenwalde Castle was first mentioned in a 1216 deed as a burgward of the Bishopric of Brandenburg, together with Zinna it remained under the rule of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg and its successor, the Prussian Duchy of Magdeburg until it was attached to the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1773. Originating in the 17th century, Luckenwaldes cloth and wool factories did not spring up till the reign of King Frederick II of Prussia, other traditional industries were cotton printing and a dye works, brewing, and the making of metal and bronze goods. In 1808 Luckenwalde officially received town privileges, by the turn of the 20th Century Luckenwalde became renowned as a key manufacturer of hats. In 1921 the two biggest hat ateliers, Herrmann and Steinberg, merged and set up their factory on an estate in Luckenwalde. The factory was designed by German architect Erich Mendelsohn in 1923, the hat factory fell into disrepair during and after the war period and was restored in 2001, but as of 2013 the building remains empty. During World War II, there was a Stalag for prisoners of war, there was also a work camp for civilians. The Nazis forced people to work for their war effort or else the families of people who worked there would perish, lack of food and hard work killed thousands. Among them were Poles, Italians, French and many more, there were several places in the town and surrounding areas where they worked. Luckenwalde was taken by the Red Army on 22 April 1945, media related to Luckenwalde at Wikimedia Commons
15.
RTL Television
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RTL Television, or simply RTL, is a German commercial television network distributed via cable and satellite, as well as via digital terrestrial in more highly populated areas. It is owned by the RTL Group and is, in terms of market share, the channel started broadcasting on 2 January 1984 at 17,27 from VHF channel E7 in Luxembourg. It only had an audience of approximately 200,000 until 1988. One early success was the quiz show Ein Tag wie kein anderer, RTL plus was famous in its early years for showing low-budget films and American programmes. In 1988, it was the number 2 commercial broadcaster, all that changed when RTL moved to Cologne and, in return, received the right to broadcast on terrestrial frequencies. That same year, RTL acquired the rights to the prestigious Fußball-Bundesliga. Deals with Cannon, which at the time was successful with films like Highlander and, one year later, the current slogan Willkommen zuhause, which means Welcome Home in English, was introduced in 2015. It replaced the former slogan Mein RTL, which means My RTL in English and it earned quite a lot of criticism, the channel is accused of faking and scripting reality and live shows. It is now the primary channel of the RTL Groups German television stations, guten Morgen Deutschland – weekdays, at 06,00 Punkt 12 – weekdays, at 12,00 RTL Aktuell – main news programme broadcast daily at 18,45. – the German version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, – German version of Granada format Im a Celebrity. Get Me Out of Here. Hosted by Sonja Zietlow and Daniel Hartwich and it was hosted by Dirk Bach before. Fremantle holds international licences for the show, except in the United States, dancing on Ice – hosted by Mirjam Weichselbraun and Wayne Carpendale Der Schwächste fliegt. Hartwich 4 Singles Doctors Diary Böse Mädchen RTL Comedy Woche Christine
16.
VOX (TV channel)
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VOX or Vox is a German television channel, headquartered in Cologne and part of the RTL Group, Europes second largest TV, radio, and production company. The channel officially launched at 5, 00pm on January 25,1993, prior to that, test transmissions had been made using the informal name Westschienenkanal. The channel mainly broadcasts documentaries and US series and movies, VOX started transmitting on January 25,1993. It competed with television by broadcasting many live and informational programmes. One year after the launch it seemed clear that the original programme concept would not work. Market share among the group relevant for advertisers was at 1. 5%. By February 1994, all the original partners except UFA and DCTP sold their stakes, as a result of the losses, the quality of programmes began to decline. VOX had to repeat its movies every few weeks to fill the schedule, on April 1,1994, VOX went into liquidation. More than 250 employees were laid off, vOXs logo consists of the letters V and X, with a red circle eye using negative space to create the O. By November 1994 VOX had new owners, News German Television Holding –49. 9% Canal+ –24. 9% UFA –24. 9% DCTP –0. 3% Gradually, VOX gained a foothold in the German television landscape. In 1998, VOX signed a deal with 20th Century Fox. In December 1999, RTL Television bought out News Corporation, a short time later, canal+ sold its share to UFA.99. 7% of the channel now belonged to RTL Group, with the remaining 0. 3% held by DCTP. Now, VOX is the most successful private television station of the second generation. The channel had so much success with such as CSI and CSI. CSI, NY gets a share of up to 21% on VOX. Audience share in March 2008 was 5. 4%, with share amongst 14- to 49-year-olds at 7. 4%. 7th Heaven Ally McBeal Boston Legal Boston Public Burn Notice Club der roten Bänder Close to Home Crossing Jordan CSI, NY Doctor Who Dr. 2°E HD+ Official Site 15 Jahre VOX HD+ site
17.
RTL II
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RTL II is a commercial, privately owned, general-interest German television channel. In 2014 the channel had a share of 3, 9% among viewers aged over three. RTL II started broadcasting on 6 March 1993 at 6,09 a. m. with the movie Ein reizender Fratz, the channel is operated by RTL2 Fernsehen GmbH & Co. KG. which was founded in 1992 and employs approximately 210 people, since June 2014 its Managing Director has been Andreas Bartl. The company is owned by, RTL Group S. A. Heinrich Bauer Verlag KG. Recent efforts to move further towards quality programming with science magazines and documentaries have met with an indifferent audience response, in addition to its own newscast formats, the channel commissions independent producers to create its own productions, which it airs in the afternoons. In the afternoon, the channel now features its own docu soap. During access prime-time RTL II airs the soaps Köln 50667 and Berlin – Tag & Nacht on weekdays, movies on Saturdays, among its prime-time line-up the channels own docu soap productions such as Die Geissens – Eine schrecklich glamouröse Familie and Frauentausch are particularly successful. Various US shows such as Game of Thrones and The Walking Dead have been, and continue to be and its late-night line-up also features US series such as Autopsy – Mysteriöse Todesfälle and Flashpoint. Movies also account for a share of the channels prime-time. In addition to the number of Hollywood movies, RTL II also broadcasts Indian Bollywood movies in this slot since 2004. RTL II has offered the largest anime content of all free-to-air German-language TV channels and it aired about over 80 Anime series since the channel and also broadcast cartoons. On weekdays, RTL II also airs an anime afternoon under their children/youth banner Pokito, following tensions with media authorities, RTL IIs standards and practices department is believed to be especially sensitive about childrens programming. As a consequence, the channel cuts scenes in series like Detective Conan, InuYasha, One Piece and Naruto. In February 2013 RTL II announced that its Sunday morning childrens programme would be discontinued as of 21 April 2013, a separate online channel for anime was launched in April. - Popstars in 2000 was the first casting show aired on German television, - Jack Point Jack in 2003 was the first interactive movie on German television. Due to its great success Indian movies have been aired on the channel ever since. Previously, Bollywood movies had been broadcast in Hindi with German subtitles on ARTE, slump Dragon Ball Dragon Ball Z Dragon Ball GT Flint the Time Detective Ganbare, Kickers
18.
Nitro (German TV channel)
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RTL Nitro is a German television channel owned by the RTL Group. It is available via cable, satellite and IPTV and it is available free to air. The slogan of RTL Nitro is „Fernsehen für Helden“ and it describes itself as a premium entertainment channel for a widespread audience. It is mainly targeted at males aged between 20 and 59, the program contains many old German and American series and films, but also first runs of some American series like Modern Family, Nurse Jackie or Chase. On 2 April 2012, the video on demand site RTL Nitro Now launched, RTL Nitro HD, a high definition simulcast of RTL Nitro, was launched on 28 August 2012 on cable provider Kabel Deutschland, and became available via NetCologne on 1 September 2012. Broadcast of RTL Nitro HD via Satellite started on 8 April 2014, sitcom RTL RTL II Super RTL VOX television in Germany
19.
N-tv
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N-tv is a German television news channel owned by the Bertelsmann Medias RTL Group. N-tv broadcasts news and weather every hour and half-hour in the morning, at other times it broadcasts magazine shows and documentaries. N-tv began as a development project at Time-Warner International which. Time-Warner at the time was a shareholder in Turner Broadcasting, parent company of CNN. One of McGraths pet projects was a German language 24-hour news channel, mcGrath secured the last available transponder on the Kopernikus satellite and secured several terrestrial television licenses for transmission of what would become n-tv. McGrath then recruited several German companies as partners including the Otto Group, APAX Partners and recruited Karl Kuhlo, the station started broadcasting in November 1992, headquartered in Berlin. In doing so, it became the first German-language news channel, in 1994 CNN bought 27, 5% of the company, and later increased its share to 50%. In 2004 the stations headquarters were moved to Cologne, where other RTL stations are based, RTL took full control of n-tv in 2006, having acquired half the company in 2002. Several correspondents report live from the floor of the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ, media related to N-tv at Wikimedia Commons Official website University Campus for Fresh-Millionaires by Chris Tomic, N-TV Deluxe Deluxe – Alles was Spaß macht,11.9 September 2015
20.
RTL Radio
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RTL Radio is a German commercial radio station based in Berlin and the part of the RTL Group. It originated as the German language service of Radio Luxembourg, which began broadcasting after World War II from Luxembourg and it broadcasts adult contemporary music nationally via cable, satellite and internet and regionally via FM in Luxembourg, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, eastern Belgium, and Lorraine. RTL Radio began broadcasting as the German service of Radio Luxemburg on 15 July 1957, in 1990, Radio Luxemburg was renamed RTL Hörfunk. On 1 July 2015 RTL Radio branded itself RTL Radio – Deutschlands Hit-Radio, RTL Radio has slots on analog and digital cable, and transmits digital signals via the Astra 1L satellites. Homepage of RTL Radio Homepage of RTL Radio for Luxembourg History of the German service of Radio Luxemburg
21.
Radio Hamburg
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Not to be confused with Radio Hamburg, owned by the Nazis or the British Army. Reichssender Hamburg was the Hamburg station of the Nazi German international broadcasting network, Radio Hamburg is a private commercial radio station set up in the 1980s to play the big hits of the times. Nowadays it plays hits from the 1990s onwards, on high rotation and their slogan is Die Mega-Hits der 90er, 2000er und dem Besten von heute“. Its services also include reports on weather and traffic and its website also has a ticket service for all the big concerts, a live web stream and an online shop. Since August 2008, Radio Hamburg is broadcast from the Semperhaus in Hamburg, translates as Easter Mega Hit Marathon. Since 1989 every Easter the station has a marathon where they play 800 Mega Hits over 24–48 hours during Easter, Radio Hamburg Mega Talent is a casting for people, who try their luck by auditioning in front of a jury, that consists of three people. The listener of the Radio Hamburg are voting for their favorite competitor or rather said candidate afterwards, according to this principle the candidates are elected out of the casting, so that there are only two candidates left. They begin to sing against each other, the listener may decide which competitor shall win Radio Hamburg Mega Talent. Finally they are meeting once more and they get to the studio of Radio Hamburg and they are standing face to face and the sum of votings made by the listener who has voted online for in his opinion best candidate are read. It decides who wins the competition, the winner gets money in the amount of 20,000 €/25,000 €. Radio Hamburg Official Website Radio Hamburg Web Stream
22.
RTL Nederland
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RTL Nederland is a subsidiary of the RTL Group. The media company is located in Hilversum, although the licences of its TV-stations RTL4, RTL5, RTL7 and RTL8 are issued by Luxembourg, the company targets the Dutch market. Its Chief Executive Officer is Bert Habets, who used to be the Chief Financial Officer of RTL Nederland, until 2004 RTL Nederland was known as the Holland Media Group, a joint-venture founded in 1996 between RTL4 SA and Veronica Association. Veronica became a broadcaster in 1995, when it left the public broadcasting system. RTL4 SA then consisted of the two television channels RTL4 and RTL5, HMG partnered with Saban in the television channel TV10. Fox later bought HMGs share in TV10, but failed to obtain its goals and sold the operation to SBS Broadcasting, Veronica exited the HMG combination in 2001, and the channel was renamed Yorin by RTL. RTL Group SA owned 100% of the company, in August 2004, HMG renamed itself RTL Nederland. On 12 August 2005, the television channel Yorin was renamed RTL7 as a new Luxembourgish TV station, Radio station Yorin FM was sold to SBS Broadcasting in 2006, which renamed it Caz. In August 2007 Dutch media mogul John de Mols company Talpa Media Holding obtained a 26. 3% share in RTL Nederland in exchange for its television channel Tien, RTL Nederland launched RTL8 on 18 August 2007. In 2011 Talpa worked with Finnish media conglomerate Sanoma to buy the Dutch activities of SBS Broadcasting from German broadcaster ProSiebenSat.1 Media, as part of that deal De Mol sold his shares in RTL Nederland to the RTL Group. He retained the ownership of Radio 538 and its sister stations Radio 10 Gold and SLAM. FM
23.
RTL 4
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RTL4 is a major commercial television station in the Netherlands. It is the commercial station in the country, popular especially with those aged between 20 and 49. RTL4 is an entertainment channel with infotainment, television drama, talk shows, game shows, news. It is owned by RTL Nederland, a subsidiary of RTL Group, the station has three sister TV channels, RTL5, RTL7 and RTL8, and four thematic TV channels, RTL Z, RTL Lounge, RTL Crime and RTL Telekids. Officially RTL4 - along with RTL5, RTL7 and RTL8 - is headquartered in Luxembourg and this allows them to avoid more strict control by the Dutch media authorities as Luxembourgs television watchdog is less strict. It originally launched on the Astra 1A satellite as RTL Véronique on 2 October 1989 and it was one of the first private commercial broadcaster in the Netherlands. Officially, it broadcasts from Luxembourg. Private broadcasters were not allowed in the Netherlands until 1992, the encryption system employed by both RTL4 and 5 analogue services whilst on the Astra 1A and 1C satellites was Luxcrypt. This standard was employed in order to protect the rights sold by foreign studios to RTL. RTL4 broadcasts the first and the longest soap of the Netherlands, Goede Tijden, RTL 4s latest radical change of programming was on 18 August 2007 when RTL obtained the soccer rights but lost the rights to the NOS the following year. In 2008 RTL4 went back to its roots as an entertainment channel with programmes such as Idols, X Factor, Dancing with the Stars. That year RTL4 also launched Ik Hou Van Holland, a quiz-show around, the Voice of Holland became a huge hit on Dutch Television with ratings around 3 million viewers every Friday Night. In 2012 yet another new talent show started, Beat the Best, RTL4 also owns the rights for the soaps As the World Turns and The Bold and the Beautiful. In January 2007, RTL sold the rights for B&B to SBS6, but bought the rights back in December 2010. With more money and space to buy other TV shows, RTL4 bought the rights for the first season of the drama show Brothers & Sisters and took over CSI. From May 1991 until September 2006, the station has had several accompanying radio stations, such as RTL4 Radio, RTL Radio, RTL Rock Radio, Happy RTL, and RTL FM. Between June 2007 and 1 January 2012 RTL Nederland owned Radio 538, hits on RTL4 include the RTL Nieuws, Editie NL, RTL Boulevard, Goede Tijden, Slechte Tijden and the Saturday night family show Ik Hou Van Holland. Talent shows are very popular on RTL4, such as Idols, X Factor, Hollands Got Talent
24.
RTL 5
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RTL5 is the second channel of the RTL Group in the Netherlands and began transmission on 2 October 1993. Officially RTL5 - along with RTL4, RTL7 and RTL8 - is headquartered in Luxembourg and this allows them to avoid more severe control by the Dutch media authorities as Luxembourgs television watchdog is less strict. RTL5 started as RTL V via the Astra 1C satellite on 2 October 2,1993, the programming mainly consists of shows about cars and programmes for men. In 1994 it changed the Roman number V into 5, in 1995 Veronica joined RTL4 S. A. starting a joint venture called HMG, and with three major channels RTL could disrupt the television market in the Netherlands. Therefore under pressure of the European Commission the channel was rebranded as RTL5 Nieuws & Weer between 1997 and 1998, RTL5 became a thematic news channel. In 2001 the European Commission reversed the restrictions for RTL5 because competitive channels had launched in the Netherlands. In 2001 a Business and Financial News block called RTL Z started on RTL5 during daytime, RTL Z moved from RTL5 to RTL7 on 12 August 2005. Since 2005 RTL5 has become a 24-hours channel
25.
RTL 7
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RTL7 is the third channel of the RTL Group in the Netherlands and officially began as Veronica on 1 September 1995. RTL7 is a so-called mens channel with action films, reality television about crime and professions, soccer, motorsport, during daytime business and financial news channel RTL Z was broadcasting on RTL7 till RTL Nederland revamped RTL Z into a 24-hours channel on 7 September 2015. Officially RTL7 -along with RTL4, RTL5 and RTL 8- is headquartered in Luxembourg and this allows them to avoid more severe control by the Dutch media authorities as Luxembourgs television watchdog is less strict. Yorin used to be based in the Netherlands, but moved to Luxembourg after the RTL7 rebrand. The channel began as Veronica on 1 September 1995, and was a joint venture between RTL4, RTL5 and Veronica Association, and with the radio station Hitradio Veronica in the Holland Media Groep. The Veronica Organisation had been a broadcasting association since 1 January 1976 but left the Dutch Public Broadcasting system in 1995. By the end of its first year Veronica dropped the news-related programmes, in 2000 Veronica announced it would leave the joint venture and wanted to start a channel of its own. Eventually, Veronica Association closed a deal with SBS in 2003, RTL had to change the name of the station. At first RTL came up with ME but a label in the Netherlands WE complaint about the similarity with its name. Finally RTL rebranded Veronica as Yorin on 2 April 2001, Yorin referred to the English phrase Youre in. The Dutch version of The Price is Right, Cash en Carlo, when they came on down to Contestants Row. All programmes previously on Veronica and also the television presenters moved to Yorin, RTL didnt want to add RTL into the name so the channel would keep its own identity. In 2006, due to disappointing results, Holland Media Group sold the station to SBS Broadcasting, apart from a physical renewal, the setup of its channels RTL4, RTL5 and Yorin were changed. To emphasize the three channels connection, the name Yorin was replaced by RTL7 on 12 August 2005, practically all former Yorin shows were moved to RTL5, whereas that RTL 5s programmes continued on RTL7. RTL Z also moved from RTL5 to RTL7, the origin of the number 7, instead of a more logical 6, goes back to 1995 when the original channel Veronica was founded. Around the same time, the commercial channels SBS6 and TMF appeared, Veronica and TMF lost the battle for remote control button 6. Also, SBS6 was originally managed by Fons van Westerloo, on 15 October 2009 RTL Nederland started simulcasting their RTL7 and RTL8 channels in 1080i high-definition. RTL7 broadcasts a number of sports programmes such as football, darts and motorsports
26.
RTL 8
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RTL8 is the fourth channel of the RTL Group in the Netherlands and began transmission on 18 August 2007 when it replaced Tien, previously known as Talpa. RTL 8s main target is the female audience and it broadcasts Soap operas, talk shows, films and reruns of programmes from its sister RTL channels. In the mornings and late afternoons childrens channel RTL Telekids is broadcasting on RTL8, officially RTL8, along with all other Dutch RTL channels, is a Luxembourg television station with a Luxembourg television license. Therefore, the channel is headquartered in Luxembourg. By doing this RTL can avoid more severe control by the Dutch media authorities, the channel started as Talpa, later rebranded as Tien, which was launched by media tycoon John de Mol in August 2005. In 2007 John de Mols Talpa Media assets were amalgamated with RTL Nederland, in exchange, John de Mol obtained a 26. 3% share in RTL Nederland. RTL Nederland revealed that Tien would be rebranded as RTL8, fons van Westerloo, director of RTL Nederland explained that the name of the new RTL channel was chosen as not to conflict with the second largest Dutch commercial television channel, SBS6. RTL7 got a makeover as well, RTL8 got The Oprah Winfrey Show, As the World Turns, and the popular Dutch program Gooische Vrouwen. Furthermore, RTL8 is going to repeat the popular programmes of the other RTL-channels, on 18 August 2007 Tien ceased to exist and was taken over by RTL8. On 15 October 2009 RTL Nederland started simulcasting their RTL7, de liefdesmakelaar Doctor Who Drop Dead Diva Dr. Phil Ellen Fashion House Friday Night Lights Gavin & Stacey Gay, Straight or Taken
27.
RTL Telekids
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RTL Telekids is the name of a digital television channel for children. The channel is operated by RTL Nederland and can be received through cable, in addition, RTL Telekids is broadcasting as a youth block on television channel RTL8 during daytime. Like the rest of the Dutch RTL family RTL Telekids is officially a Luxembourg channel that does not have to adhere to the Dutch media law, as Luxembourg has no real regulator, the channel is also not monitored. On 19 August 2010 RTL announced that the name RTL Telekids would be used for a new block on RTL8. A big difference with the former programme Telekids is that the broadcast is no longer done by a presenter from the studio, originally RTL Telekids would start on 4 October 2010. Out of respect for the families the launch of RTL Telekids had been postponed for two weeks until 18 October 2010. The digital channel RTL Telekids can be received through Ziggo and Caiway since 3 September 2012, also it can be received through KPN and it is the third digital channel of RTL. Wie o Wie Zingt Do-Re-Mi Wolleke W. S. V, de Optimist Yoohoo & Friends 123 Penguins 2 Kleine kleutertjes Official site Company on digital channel, Pressroom RTL Nederland List of Programs
28.
RTL Z
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RTL Z is a Dutch business and financial news television channel. Usually it displays economic changes and the stock exchange news in a banner at the bottom of the screen, RTL Z started on 6 June 2001 as a joint venture between Holland Media Groep and Belgian Business Television. Belgian Business Television broadcasts Kanaal Z in Belgium, in 2002, Holland Media Groep took over the programme in its entirety. It was initially broadcast on RTL5 during daytime, later followed by RTL7 between 12 August 2005 and 7 September 2015, the channel launched as a 24-hours channel on 7 September 2015
29.
M6 (TV channel)
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M6, also known as Metropole Television, is the most profitable private national French TV channel and the third most watched television network in the French-speaking world. M6 is the channel of the M6 Group media empire that owns several TV channels, magazines, publications, movie production. It is owned by RTL Group, M6 launched on 1 March 1987 at 11,15 am CET taking the place of TV6. With Children, The Cosby Show, Whos the Boss, the Nanny, Little House on the Prairie, The Simpsons, Bewitched, The Wonder Years and Family Affair. American programs, High School Musical, Camp Rock, Americas Got Talent, American Idol, British TV shows, Primeval, Secret Diary of a Call Girl. British TV programs, Britains Got Talent, Pop Idol, The X-Factor, Wife Swap These British TV shows were shown on M6, Footballers Wives, Queer as Folk, Totally Frank, Bugs. These Canadian TV shows were shown on M6, Sue Thomas, F. B. Eye, investigative journalism shows, such as Capital, Zone interdite and Enquête Exclusive. Long-lasting short programs, such as Turbo, CinéSix, and E=M6, in 2001, M6 became the first national French television network to broadcast reality programming. Its first program of this genre was Loft Story, and was highly watched, the president of TF1 at the time, Étienne Mougeotte, promised that TF1 would never air any reality programming. However, several months later, TF1 signed a contract with Endemol to air such programming, Endemol is the same company that created Loft Story for M6. M6 is one of the television services in France to have science-fiction programming as part of its regular schedule. Most supernatural dramas were shown on Saturday nights in what M6 called la Trilogie du Samedi Le 12,45 and 19,45, afternoon, Zone Interdite, Frances most influential Newsmagazine 66 Minutes weekly news magazine. Les reines du shopping X Factor Ice show Nouvelle star, reality television Lamour est dans le pré, French adaptation of Farmer Wants a Wife D&CO, Top Chef, French adaptation of Top Chef Belle toute nue, the French equivalent of Channel 4s How to Look Good Naked. Chef, la recette, culinary magazine Vocation Medecin, health magazine Hit Machine, pekin Express, French adaptation of Dutch show Peking Express. Cauchemar en cuisine, the French adaptation of Kitchen Nightmares, les Bleus Police series about five rookies learning the ropes. Morning Live, Morning show Caméra Café, Comedy Nouvelle Star Êtes-vous plus fort quun élève de 10 ans, French adaptation of Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader. Rubí rebelde, Venezuelan telenovela Total Wipeout Stargate SG-1 The series has been aired between 18 September 1998 and 8 December 2007. Stargate Atlantis The first two seasons aired between 15 April 2005 and 29 July 2006, list of television stations in France 1 Source, Médiamétrie Official website M6 Replay
