1.
Calgary Transit
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Calgary Transit is the public transit service which is owned and operated by the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. In 2015, an estimated 110 million passengers boarded approximately 1,176 Calgary Transit vehicles, what would eventually become Calgary Transit began as the Calgary Street Railway on July 5,1909, with twelve electric streetcars serving what was at the time a city of 30,000. Eventually the electric lines were phased out together — to be replaced by diesel buses. In 1972, CTS assumed its current name of Calgary Transit, between the early 1970s and 2000, Calgary Transit had a three tier bus service. Standard bus routes were identified with white bus stop signs, Blue Arrow bus routes, marked by blue signs, provided limited stops, and all day service to suburban neighborhoods from the city centre. Express service was indicated with red signs and provided extremely limited bus service to the far reaches of the city during peak hours only and these tiers have been slowly phased out, since Calgary Transit began expanding C-Train lines and capacity and implementing BRT service. In 2012 Calgary Transit planners presented mayor Naheed Nenshis council with a tentative 30-year plan RouteAhead to enhance the capacities of Calgary Transit, on December 13,2012 Craig Hardy, became the one hundred millionth rider of the year a record never reached in its 103-year history. He received free transit for a year and was celebrated by mayor Nenshi, on May 25,1981, Calgary Transit became one of the first transit systems in North America to operate a light rail system — the C-Train, on which construction had begun in 1978. The original line ran from Anderson Station to 8th St SW in Downtown Calgary, on June 28,2004, two new stations for the south line opened, Shawnessy Station and Somerset-Bridlewood Station. On December 17,2007, an extension was made to the Route 202 northeast line from Whitehorn to the new McKnight-Westwinds Station, on June 15,2009, Crowfoot Station was added on the northwest line located directly west of Crowfoot Town Centre in the median of Crowchild Trail. On August 27,2012, Martindale and Saddletowne Stations was added to the northeast line, on December 10,2012, the West LRT opened, with six new stations and the Downtown West - Kerby one in downtown. Since it is Calgarys newest LRT line in 25 years, it is an extension of Route 202, after this opening, the C-Train system total length is now 56.2 kilometres long. On July 18,2007, Calgary Transit officially unveiled a new red and white livery for its C-Train, Articulated Busses, on August 27,2008, a train en route to the Somerset station collided with a construction crane in between the Dalhousie and Brentwood stations. Six were injured in the accident, including one child, on February 18,2009 Calgary Transit celebrated the 1,000,000, 000th rider, randomly selecting a passenger, Shelly Xiao during a ceremony at the 1 Street SW CTrain Station. On August 30,2004, Calgary Transit opened a bus transit line to operate future C-Train routes. The BRT system consisted of a route, Route 301. A subsequent route, Route 305, was added in 2008, serving the Bowness, a third route, Route 302, entered service on August 31,2009, along a proposed southeast LRT corridor. The Blue Arrow name all but disappeared in 2000 in order to all bus stops under one common scheme
2.
CTrain
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CTrain is a light rail transit system in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It began operation on May 25,1981 and has expanded as the city has increased in population, the system is operated by Calgary Transit, as part of the Calgary municipal governments transportation department. It is now one of the busiest light rail systems in North America, with over 300,000 daily riders. About 45% of workers in downtown Calgary take the CTrain to work, the CTrain system has two routes, which have been designated Route 201 - the Red line, and Route 202 - the Blue line. They have a route length of 59.9 kilometres. The longer route serves the southern and northwestern areas of the city, the shorter route serves the northeastern and western sections of the city. Most track is at grade, with its own right-of-way, the downtown portion is a shared right-of-way, serving both routes along the 7th Avenue South transit mall at street level. This portion is a zone and serves as a downtown people mover. The tracks split at the east and west ends of downtown into lines leading to the south, six percent of the system is underground, and seven percent is grade-separated. Trains are powered by overhead wires, using pantographs to draw power. In the first quarter of 2015, the CTrain system had an average of 333,800 unlinked passenger trips per weekday, in 2007, 45% of the people working in downtown Calgary took transit to work, the citys objective is to increase that to 60%. In late 2015 Calgary Transit began operating four-car LRT trains on the CTrain system, the lengthening of trains was done to alleviate overcrowding as the system was already carrying more than 300,000 passengers per day, and many trains were overcrowded. Many of the stations were also worn out by high passenger traffic. The idea of rail transit in Calgary originated in a 1967 Calgary transportation study, a fourth line, a north central line running from downtown to Thorncliffe mostly along Centre Street was also envisioned, but was thought to be beyond the scope of the study. However, a boom in the 1970s had caused the heavy rail concept to fall out of favour due to the increased costs of construction. LRT was chosen over dedicated busways and the expansion of the Blue Arrow bus service because light rail has lower operating costs. The Blue Arrow service all but disappeared in 2000, the present-day CTrain originated in a 1975 plan, calling for construction of a single line, from the downtown core to Anderson Road. The plan was approved by City Council in May 1977, with construction of what would become the LRTs South Line beginning one month later, the South Line opened on May 25,1981
3.
Light rail
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Light rail, light rail transit or fast tram is urban public transport using rolling stock similar to a tramway, but operating at a higher capacity, and often on an exclusive right-of-way. A few light rail networks tend to have closer to rapid transit or even commuter rail. Other light rail networks are tram-like in nature and partially operate on streets, Light rail systems are found throughout the world, on all inhabited continents. They have been popular in recent years due to their lower capital costs. The term light rail was coined in 1972 by the U. S, Urban Mass Transportation Administration to describe new streetcar transformations that were taking place in Europe and the United States. In Germany the term Stadtbahn was used to describe the concept, and many in UMTA wanted to adopt the direct translation, however, UMTA finally adopted the term light rail instead. Light in this context is used in the sense of intended for light loads and fast movement, the infrastructure investment is also usually lighter than would be found for a heavy rail system. The Transportation Research Board defined light rail in 1977 as a mode of urban transportation utilizing predominantly reserved, electrically propelled rail vehicles operate singly or in trains. LRT provides a range of passenger capabilities and performance characteristics at moderate costs. Light rail is a generic international English phrase for these types of rail systems, the use of the generic term light rail avoids some serious incompatibilities between British and American English. The word trolley is used as a synonym for streetcar in the United States. A further difference arose because, while Britain abandoned all of its trams except Blackpool after World War II, when these cities upgraded to new technology, they called it light rail to differentiate it from their existing streetcars since some continued to operate both the old and new systems. Conventional rail technologies including high-speed, freight, commuter/regional, and metro/subway/elevated urban transit systems are considered heavy rail, people movers and personal rapid transit are even lighter, at least in terms of capacity. Monorail is a technology that has been more successful in specialized services than in a commuter transit role. Due to varying definitions, it is hard to distinguish between what is called light rail, and other forms of urban and commuter rail, a system described as light rail in one city may be considered to be a streetcar or tram system in another. Conversely, some lines that are called light rail are in very similar to rapid transit, in recent years. Some light rail systems, such as Sprinter, bear little similarity to urban rail, in the United States, light rail has become a catch-all term to describe a wide variety of passenger rail systems. There is a significant difference in cost between these different classes of light rail transit, tram-like systems are often less expensive than metro-like systems by a factor of two or more
4.
Calgary
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Calgary is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, the city anchors the south end of what Statistics Canada defines as the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The city had a population of 1,239,220 in 2016, making it Albertas largest city, also in 2016, Calgary had a metropolitan population of 1,392,609, making it the fourth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada. The Calgary CMA is home to the second-highest number of head offices in Canada among the countrys 800 largest corporations. In 1988, Calgary became the first Canadian city to host the Winter Olympic Games, Calgary was named after Calgary on the Isle of Mull, Scotland. In turn, the name originates from a compound of kald and gart, similar Old Norse words, meaning cold and garden, alternatively, the name might be Gaelic Cala ghearraidh, meaning beach of the meadow, or Gaelic for either clear running water or bay farm. The Calgary area was inhabited by people whose presence has been traced back at least 11,000 years. Before the arrival of Europeans, the area was inhabited by the Blackfoot, Blood, Peigan, in 1787, cartographer David Thompson spent the winter with a band of Peigan encamped along the Bow River. He was a Hudsons Bay Company trader and the first recorded European to visit the area, John Glenn was the first documented European settler in the Calgary area, in 1873. The site became a post of the North-West Mounted Police, the NWMP detachment was assigned in 1875 to protect the western plains from US whisky traders, and to protect the fur trade. Originally named Fort Brisebois, after NWMP officer Éphrem-A, Brisebois, it was renamed Fort Calgary in 1876 by Colonel James Macleod. When the Canadian Pacific Railway reached the area in 1883, over a century later, the Canadian Pacific Railway headquarters moved to Calgary from Montreal in 1996. Calgary was officially incorporated as a town in 1884, and elected its first mayor, in 1894, it was incorporated as The City of Calgary in what was then the North-West Territories. The Calgary Police Service was established in 1885 and assumed municipal, local duties from the NWMP, the Calgary Fire of 1886 occurred on November 7,1886. Fourteen buildings were destroyed with losses estimated at $103,200, although no one was killed or injured, city officials drafted a law requiring all large downtown buildings to be built with Paskapoo sandstone, to prevent this from happening again. After the arrival of the railway, the Dominion Government started leasing grazing land at minimal cost, as a result of this policy, large ranching operations were established in the outlying country near Calgary. Already a transportation and distribution hub, Calgary quickly became the centre of Canadas cattle marketing and meatpacking industries. By the late 19th century, the Hudsons Bay Company expanded into the interior and established posts along rivers that later developed into the cities of Winnipeg, Calgary
5.
Mewata Armouries
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Mewata Armoury is a Canadian Forces reserve armoury in Calgary, Alberta. The building was built between 1915 and 1918 for an original cost of $282,051 Canadian dollars, the building was designed by Thomas W. Fuller and the project was supervised locally by Calgary architect Leo Dowler. The structure was built by A. G. Creelman Co. of Vancouver. The building is located at 801 11th Street S. W. and is home to local Militia units, chiefly The Kings Own Calgary Regiment. The building has a cut stone foundation with a structure of red brick, the drill hall is significant for the large uninterrupted span of its steel trusses. A second story on the west side was added some time after original construction, the building was designed in a Tudor/Gothic Revival style. The original design featured a large drill hall with 117 rooms arranged around its perimeter. The basement included bowling alleys and 30 yard shooting ranges, the facility also included officers and sergeants billiard rooms. Barracks have been altered in recent years to serve as offices, a catwalk around the drill hall has been enclosed on the north and south sides, as well as part of the east side, leaving a short balcony overlooking the parade square. In western Canada this military enthusiasm led to a increase in militia enrolment and resulted in the construction of new drill halls. Mewata Armoury, one of the largest and most fully equipped of its type, was built in 1917-1918, for many years it has been home to the King’s Own Calgary Regiment and the Calgary Highlanders, both of which were established in 1910. Mewata is a Cree word meaning O Be Joyful, construction began September 24,1915 and according to some sources was held up by lack of bricks. Two brick factories, one in Redcliff and one in Montgomery were built for the purpose of providing the bricks to complete the project. The building was completed in 1917, during the Second World War, several wooden huts were built to accommodate the large number of Calgary soldiers mobilized for the Canadian Active Service Force. In 1939, a recreation hall was built adjacent to the armouries. The armoury for a time was home to a Permanent Force squadron of Lord Strathconas Horse, during the First World War, Mewata was used as an induction and training centre and a demobilization depot for returning soldiers. The Calgary City Police and Calgary Fire Department have often used it for training purposes, in 1975, prior to the Grey Cup parade, twenty marching bands were marshalled in the drill hall. The monument takes the form of a Universal Carrier, of the used by the regiment in the Second World War
6.
Greyhound Canada
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Greyhound Canada is the prominent operator of inter-city coach services in Canada. Greyhound Canada is a subsidiary of British transport company FirstGroup, linked with Dallas-based Greyhound Lines, in 1929, Greyhound Canada was founded as Canadian Greyhound Coaches, Limited, operating first in BC and then Alberta. It merged with Greyhound USA in 1935 and split after Greyhound Canada was sold in 1987 and it was not until Laidlaws purchase of the Canadian operations in 1987 and U. S. operations in 1999 did the two operations link up again. Toronto area routes and some buses were acquired from Gray Coach in 1991, Greyhound Canadas scheduled bus service operates in eight of Canadas provinces and territories. Greyhound operates 480 buses, but it has a fleet through connecting operators, Greyhound Canadas fleet. In Ontario, Voyageur buses and some Greyhound buses have Ontario plates, from the 1985 model year 96A3 to the 1995 model year D4000 and D4500, as well as the first Prevost H3-45 coaches, Greyhound Canada specified manual transmissions in all their intercity coaches. At first, five speed Eaton Fuller transmissions were equipped in all 96A3 and 102A3 coaches, beginning with the 1989 model year 102C3SS coaches, Greyhound Canada specified seven speed manual transmissions. Allison B500 and B500Rs have been used on coaches equipped with Automatic transmissions until the D4505s which use the ZF-AStronic transmission, amalgamated Transit Union Local 1374 represents unionized Greyhound employees in Western Canada and Northern Ontario and is based in Calgary. Amalgamated Transit Union Local 1415 represents unionized Greyhound employees in Southern Ontario, december 23,2000, An attempted hijacking of a Greyhound Canada bus near Thunder Bay, Ontario left one woman dead and 31 others injured. July 30,2008, Tim McLean, a passenger on an Edmonton to Winnipeg schedule, was beheaded by another passenger near Portage la Prairie, Manitoba. The attacker was arrested at the scene and charged with second-degree murder, Greyhound Canada withdrew ads with the slogan Theres a reason youve never heard of bus rage following the event, citing that the campaign was no longer appropriate. September 21,2008, A young man was attacked by another passenger on a Greyhound Canada schedule in northwestern Ontario, police arrested a 28-year-old man near the town of White River, about 300 kilometres north of Sault Ste. Marie, shortly after the bus driver let him get off at the side of the highway, december 16,2010, A Toronto Transit Commission 505 Dundas streetcar was heading eastbound at River Street when it crashed into a Greyhound Canada bus after running a red traffic signal. 17 passengers, including 4 schoolchildren, received serious, but non-life-threatening injuries, gare dautocars de Montréal Gray Coach Lines Greyhound Air Greyhound Lines Penetang-Midland Coach Lines Voyageur Colonial Bus Lines Greyhound Canada Greyhound USA Gray Line Canada Historical timeline
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