1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Pearl Jam
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Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1990. Since its inception, the bands line-up has comprised Eddie Vedder, Mike McCready, Stone Gossard, the bands fifth member is drummer Matt Cameron, who has been with the band since 1998. Boom Gaspar has also been a member with the band since 2002. Drummers Dave Krusen, Matt Chamberlain, Dave Abbruzzese and Jack Irons are former members of the band, formed after the demise of Gossard and Aments previous band, Mother Love Bone, Pearl Jam broke into the mainstream with its debut album, Ten, in 1991. In 2006, Rolling Stone described the band as having spent much of the past decade deliberately tearing apart their own fame, to date, the band has sold nearly 32 million records in the United States and an estimated 60 million worldwide. Pearl Jam has outlasted and outsold many of its contemporaries from the alternative rock breakthrough of the early 1990s, stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic referred to Pearl Jam as the most popular American rock & roll band of the 90s. Pearl Jam is to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 7,2017, Stone Gossard and Jeff Ament were members of pioneering grunge band Green River during the mid-1980s. Green River toured and recorded to moderate success but disbanded in 1987 due to a division between the pair and bandmates Mark Arm and Steve Turner. In late 1987, Gossard and Ament began playing with Malfunkshun vocalist Andrew Wood, in 1988 and 1989, the band recorded and toured to increasing interest and found the support of the PolyGram record label, which signed the band in early 1989. Mother Love Bones debut album, Apple, was released in July 1990, Ament and Gossard were devastated by the death of Wood and the resulting demise of Mother Love Bone. Gossard spent his time writing material that was harder-edged than what he had been doing previously. After a few months, Gossard started practicing with fellow Seattle guitarist Mike McCready, whose band, Shadow, had broken up, after practicing for a while, the trio sent out a five-song demo tape in order to find a singer and a drummer. They gave former Red Hot Chili Peppers drummer Jack Irons the demo to see if he would be interested in joining the band, Irons passed on the invitation but gave the demo to his basketball buddy, San Diego, California singer Eddie Vedder. Vedder was the lead vocalist for a San Diego band, Bad Radio and he listened to the tape shortly before going surfing, where lyrics came to him. He then recorded the vocals to three of the songs in what he described as a mini-opera entitled Momma-Son. Vedder sent the tape with his vocals back to the three Seattle musicians, who were impressed enough to fly Vedder up to Seattle for an audition, within a week, Vedder had joined the band. With the addition of Dave Krusen on drums, the band took the name Mookie Blaylock, the band played its first official show at the Off Ramp Café in Seattle on October 22,1990, and soon signed to Epic Records and renamed themselves Pearl Jam. In a 2006 Rolling Stone cover story however, Vedder admitted that this story was total bullshit, Pearl Jam entered Seattles London Bridge Studios in March 1991 to record its debut album, Ten
3.
Nampa, Idaho
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Nampa is the largest city of Canyon County, Idaho, USA. The population of Nampa was 81,557 at the 2010 census making it the third-most populous city in Idaho, Nampa is located about 20 miles west of Boise along Interstate 84, and six miles west of Meridian. Nampa is the principal city of the Boise-Nampa metropolitan area. The name Nampa may have come from a Shoshoni word meaning either moccasin or footprint, Nampa began its life in the early 1880s when the Oregon Short Line Railroad built a line from Granger, Wyoming, to Huntington, Oregon, which passed through Nampa. More railroad lines sprang up running through Nampa, making it an important railroad town. Alexander and Hannah Duffes established one of the towns first homesteads, eventually forming the Nampa Land and Improvement Company with the help of their friend and co-founder, James McGee. In spite of the name, many of the first settlers referred to the town as New Jerusalem because of the religious focus of its citizens. After only a year the town had grown from 15 homes to 50, as new amenities were added to the town, Nampa continued its growth and was incorporated in 1890. Unlike most towns in that era with streets running true north and south. Thus, the northside is really the northeast side of the tracks, founder Alexander Duffes laid out Nampas streets this way to prevent an accident like one that occurred earlier in a town he had platted near Toronto, Canada. In that town, a woman and her two children were killed by a train when they started across the tracks in a buggy. As the Oregon Short Line railroad originally bypassed Boise, Nampa has the fanciest of many depots built in the area. The first elementary school was built in the 1890s, Lakeview School was located on a hill on 6th Street and 12th Avenue North, with a view of Lake Ethel. Just after the centennial celebration, it was condemned as a school. In 2008 the building was refurbished, and is now being used by the Idaho Arts Charter School. Lake Ethel — an irrigation reservoir — had long been the site of community picnics, the hunting didn’t last for long, however, as O. F. Persons, owner of the homestead, took offense when local hunters started shooting his pet ducks. The city later auctioned off the lake, but occasional flooding led to a series of lawsuits from neighbors
4.
Idaho
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Idaho is a state in the northwestern region of the United States. It borders the state of Montana to the east and northeast, Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, to the north, it shares a small portion of the Canadian border with the province of British Columbia. With a population of around 1.7 million people and an area of 83,569 square miles, Idaho is the 14th largest, the states capital and largest city is Boise. Idaho prior to European settlement was inhabited solely by Native American peoples, in the early 19th century, Idaho was considered part of the Oregon Country, an area disputed between the U. S. and the United Kingdom. Idaho was eventually admitted to the Union on July 3,1890, forming part of the Pacific Northwest, Idaho is divided into several distinct geographic and climatic regions. In the states north, the relatively isolated Idaho Panhandle is closely linked with Eastern Washington, the states south includes the Snake River Plain, while the south-east incorporates part of the Great Basin. Idaho is quite mountainous, and contains several stretches of the Rocky Mountains, additionally, around 38 percent of Idahos land is held by the United States Forest Service, the most of any state. Industries significant for the economy include manufacturing, agriculture, mining, forestry. Idahos agricultural sector supplies a number of different products, but the state is best known for its potato crop, the official state nickname is the Gem State, which references Idahos reputation for gemstones and, more broadly, its many wilderness areas. The exact origin of the remains a mystery. Willing later claimed that he had invented the name. Congress ultimately decided to name the area Colorado Territory when it was created in February 1861, thinking they would get a jump on the name, locals named a community in Colorado Idaho Springs. However, the name Idaho did not fall into obscurity, the same year Congress created Colorado Territory, a county called Idaho County was created in eastern Washington Territory. The county was named after a steamship named Idaho, which was launched on the Columbia River in 1860 and it is unclear whether the steamship was named before or after Willings claim was revealed. Regardless, a portion of Washington Territory, including Idaho County, was used to create Idaho Territory in 1863. Despite this lack of evidence for the origin of the name, the name Idaho may be derived from the Plains Apache word ídaahę́, which means enemy. The Comanches used this word to refer to the Idaho Territory, a 1956 Idaho history textbook says, Idaho is a Shoshoni Indian exclamation. The word consists of three parts, the first is Ee, which in English conveys the idea of coming down
5.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
6.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
7.
Epic Records
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Epic Records is an American record company owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 and it later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres, including pop, R&B, rock and hip hop. Historically, the label has housed popular acts such as Boston, ABBA, Michael Jackson, Celine Dion, Dave Clark Five, Gloria Estefan, Pearl Jam, Shakira, Anastacia, and Sly & the Family Stone. Along with Columbia and RCA Records, Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainments three main record labels, L. A. Reid has served as chairman and CEO of Epic since July 2011. Sylvia Rhone was appointed president in March 2014, Epic Records was launched in 1953 by Columbia Records for the purpose of marketing jazz, pop and classical music that did not fit the theme of its more mainstream Columbia Records label. Initial classical music releases were from Philips Records which distributed Columbia product in Europe, pop talent on co-owned Okeh Records were transferred to Epic which made Okeh a rhythm and blues label. Epics bright-yellow, black, and blue became a familiar trademark for many jazz. By 1960, the musical base had been expanded to include all genres. This was done in part to prevent the roster of Columbia Records from being overstuffed with newer artists, subsequently, Epic became better known for its signing of newer, fledgling acts. By the end of the 1960s, Epic earned its first gold records and had evolved into a formidable hit-making force in rock and roll, R&B and country music. Among its many acts, it included Roy Hamilton, Bobby Vinton, The Dave Clark Five, The Hollies, Tammy Wynette, Donovan, The Yardbirds, Lulu, July, Helen Shapiro and Jeff Beck. Also during the 1960s, Epic oversaw the smaller subsidiary CBS labels including Okeh Records, in 1968, Epic recordings began being distributed in the UK by CBS after the distribution deal with EMI expired that year, Epic itself launched in England around 1971. Epic was involved in a trade of artists. Graham Nash was signed to Epic because of his membership in The Hollies, when the newly formed Crosby, Stills & Nash wanted to sign with Atlantic Records, Ahmet Ertegün worked out a deal with Clive Davis whereby Richie Furays new band Poco would sign with Epic. Also contributing to the success was its distribution of Philadelphia International Records. Sony bought CBS Records in 1987, and the company was renamed Sony Music in 1991. In 2004, Sony merged with another powerhouse music distributor, BMG, bringing labels such as RCA, Arista, Columbia, Epic, Jive, in February 2009, singer and songwriter Amanda Ghost was appointed president of Epic Records. Later in the year, Sony BMG Music merged Epic and Columbias operations, Sony BMGs Legacy Recordings reissues the companys classic and catalog titles
8.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
9.
Pearl Jam Official Bootlegs
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See full list in Category, Pearl Jam Official Bootlegs. The Pearl Jam Official Bootlegs are a large, continually growing series of albums by the American alternative rock band Pearl Jam. Pearl Jam noted the desire of fans to own a copy of the shows they attended, the band had been open in the past about allowing fans to make amateur recordings, and these official bootlegs were an attempt to provide a more affordable and better quality product for fans. The band has more than 3.5 million copies of shows since launching the bootleg series in 2000. The official bootlegs are a record of almost every show the band plays. Pearl Jams official bootleg program was begun for the bands 2000 Binaural Tour,72 of the bootlegs were released to stores in three waves in late 2000 and early 2001, with the 25 European bootlegs coming first. Every show was released in a cardboard sleeve containing two CDs, with the exception of the 72nd and final show on the tour, November 6,2000 at KeyArena in Seattle, Washington. The Seattle show was released as a set, and was the highest-charting of the series, peaking at number 98 on the Billboard 200. Eighteen shows from the tour were chosen by the band as Ape/Man shows, with the release of these official bootlegs, Pearl Jam would set a record for most albums to debut in the Billboard 200 at the same time. ^ * Asterisk denote Ape/Man shows The CDs continued for the 2003 Riot Act Tour and they had to be ordered through the bands official website, and were mailed out. The bootlegs were available within a week of each show date. The State College show was a three-hour, triple disc show and it was surpassed by the Mansfield show, from the Tweeter Center Boston, in which the band played 45 songs, including an acoustic set. The New York shows, from Madison Square Garden, were released separately and as a boxed set. The July 8,2003 show was released as the Live at the Garden DVD. In 2004, Pearl Jam released Live at Benaroya Hall, and while it came in similar packaging to the bootlegs, it is not considered to be part of the series. Pearl Jam took a touring break until the 2004 Vote for Change tour. The band took yet another year off until a fall 2005 tour of Canada, for the first time, the bootlegs were MP3-only, again only available through the bands official website. The music downloads were accompanied by pictures from individual shows, the MP3-only format expanded to include lossless FLAC format for the bands 2006 summer tour for its self-titled eighth album
10.
Binaural Tour
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The Binaural Tour was a concert tour by the American rock band Pearl Jam to support its sixth album, Binaural. Pearl Jam promoted Binaural with tours in Europe and North America, before the tour started on May 23, with a show in Lisbon, Portugal, two warm-up concerts were performed in Bellingham, Washington, on May 10, and Vancouver on May 11. Pearl Jams 2000 European tour ended in tragedy on June 30,2000, nine fans were crushed underfoot and suffocated to death as the crowd rushed to the front. After numerous requests for the crowd to back, the band stopped playing and tried to calm the crowd when the musicians realized what was happening. The two remaining dates of the tour were cancelled, and the band seriously considered retiring after this event, Pearl Jam was initially blamed for the accident, but the band was later cleared of responsibility. Two additional concerts through July were cancelled, a month after the European tour concluded, the band embarked on a two-leg North American tour, starting on August 3 in Virginia Beach, Virginia. The first leg of the focused on the East Coast of the United States, and then the band moved to the Midwest. On performing after the Roskilde tragedy, vocalist Eddie Vedder said that playing, facing crowds, on October 22,2000, the band played the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, celebrating the tenth anniversary of its first live performance as a band. Vedder took the opportunity to thank the people who had helped the band come together. He noted that I would never do this accepting a Grammy or something, the song Alive was purposely omitted from all shows on this tour until the final night on November 6,2000 in Seattle at KeyArena. The band performed that night for three hours, playing most of its hits along with covers such as The Kids Are Alright. The European and North American tours were documented by a series of official bootlegs. The band released 72 live albums in 2000 and 2001, following the conclusion of the 2000 tour, the band released Touring Band 2000, a DVD which featured select performances from the North American legs of the tour. Jeff Ament – bass guitar Stone Gossard – rhythm guitar, lead guitar Mike McCready – lead guitar Eddie Vedder – lead vocals, guitar Matt Cameron – drums
11.
Jeff Ament
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Jeffrey Allen Jeff Ament is an American musician and songwriter who serves as the bassist for the American rock band Pearl Jam. Ament is also a member of the bands, Tres Mts, in 2008, Ament released his first solo album, Tone. A second solo album, While My Heart Beats, followed in 2012, Ament will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pearl Jam on April 7,2017. The first of five children, Ament was born in Havre, Montana to George and Penny Ament and grew up in the town of Big Sandy, Montana, a town with a population of fewer than 700. Aments father George was mayor of Big Sandy for fifteen years, as well as a barber, Ament described his family growing up as pretty poor and hard-core Catholic. He began playing the guitar as a teenager, often playing along with Ramones, The Clash. Ament participated in basketball, football, and track at Big Sandy High School and he then went on to college at the University of Montana in Missoula, Montana, where he studied art and played basketball. Ament quit college in the middle of his second year after the university told him they were no longer going to continue its graphic design program, Ament then relocated to Seattle, Washington in 1983 with his band Deranged Diction. While in Seattle, Ament got a job working at a shop in Belltown. Ament became acquainted with fellow Seattle musicians Mark Arm and Steve Turner, the band also included drummer Alex Vincent, with guitarist Stone Gossard eventually being added to the line-up. By the time the finished the recording of its debut EP, Come on Down, Turner decided to leave the group, citing his distaste with Ament. He was replaced by Aments former Deranged Diction bandmate, Bruce Fairweather, the band released the EP Come on Down in 1985 and followed it up with Dry As a Bone in 1987, the first release on Sub Pop records. The bands only studio album, Rehab Doll, was released in 1988. In-fighting within the lead to the groups break-up during the recording of Rehab Doll. A stylistic division had developed between Ament and Gossard on one side, and Arm on the other, Ament and Gossard wanted to pursue a major-label deal, while Arm wanted to remain independent, viewing the duo as being too careerist. Regarding the accusation, Ament later said that during his time with the band he had to work at a restaurant in order to pay his rent and he said, Did I want to play music and have my rent paid for. The band achieved a local reputation in Seattle and had a significant influence on the genre later known as grunge. The band quickly worked on recording and performing locally and by late 1988 had become one of Seattles more promising bands, in early 1989 the band signed to PolyGram subsidiary Mercury Records
12.
Go (Pearl Jam song)
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Go is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam, released in 1993 as the first single from the bands second studio album, Vs. Although credited to all members of Pearl Jam, it features lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder, the song peaked at number three on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The song was included on Pearl Jams 2004 greatest hits album, Go was one of the songs the band produced during the first week of recording for Vs. The main guitar riff for Go was written by drummer Dave Abbruzzese and he initially wrote the music for the song using an acoustic guitar. Abbruzzese said, With Go, I just happened to pick up the guitar at the right moment, Stone asked what I was playing and started playing it, then Jeff started playing it, and Eddie started singing with it, and it turned into a song. Guitarist Stone Gossard added the guitar part. Gossard on the song, That song went through an evolution that goes back to what weve been saying about creative input. Dave played us the two parts, that BAM-BAM-BAM groovy chordal riff bit and then the main ascending riff in more of an acoustic vein. Then, when he got behind the drums, everyone turned up loud and it evolved into something else. Guitarist Mike McCready played a yellow Telecaster on the song, McCready threw the guitar on the ground at the end of the take, which can be heard on the recorded version. McCready on the song, That solo on Go was probably the second of three or four takes, and I do have a problem recreating it live, because I wasnt thinking about it at all when we did it in the studio. So on stage, I get into this mode where Ill start to think while Im playing, Okay, this sounds like the album, and I want to emulate that. But to really capture that feel of being in the moment, in Kim Neelys book Five Against One, The Pearl Jam Story, Abbruzzese quips that vocalist Eddie Vedder told him he wrote the lyrics for Go about his pickup truck. This may be a joke on the chorus of the song Please dont go on me. Go was released as a single in 1993 with a previously unreleased B-side titled Alone, of which an alternate version can also be found on the compilation album, Lost Dogs. The song peaked at three on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and number eight on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. At the 1995 Grammy Awards, Go received a nomination for Best Hard Rock Performance, outside the United States, the single was released commercially in Australia, Canada, Indonesia, Thailand, and the United Kingdom. The UK release of this included a bonus cassette featuring a live version of the Vs. track Animal
13.
Dave Abbruzzese
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David James Dave Abbruzzese is an American musician who was the drummer for the American rock band Pearl Jam from 1991 to 1994. He replaced drummer Dave Krusen in 1991, shortly before the release of the debut album. Abbruzzese played on the next two records, Vs. and Vitalogy. Pearl Jam will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 7,2017, however, Abbruzzese was not included on the halls list of inductees. Dave Abbruzzese was born in Stamford, Connecticut, but grew up in Mesquite, Texas, Abbruzzese grew up drumming on his dads tackle boxes. While living at home the only thing in his bedroom was his drum set, Abbruzzese dropped out of North Mesquite High School at an early age and began to focus on playing more than ever. In 1991, Abbruzzese got a call from drummer and friend Matt Chamberlain, Chamberlain had his eyes set on G. E. Smiths band on Saturday Night Live. Abbruzzese left for Seattle, Washington to meet and become acquainted with the members of Pearl Jam, although his musical tastes were far diverse from the other members, Abbruzzese chose to join Pearl Jam, playing his first show on August 23,1991. Initially, Abbruzzese was reluctant to join the band full-time, Abbruzzese joined the group and played the rest of Pearl Jams live shows supporting the Ten album. Abbruzzese toured extensively for Ten and performed on MTV Unplugged and a Saturday Night Live appearance, the band found itself amidst the sudden popularity and attention given to the Seattle music scene and the genre known as grunge. With Abbruzzese, the band recorded its second album, Vs. released in 1993. Upon its release, Vs. set at the time the record for most copies of an album sold in a week, Vs. was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rock Album in 1995. From Vs. the song Daughter received a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, Abbruzzese toured extensively for Vs. and performed on a Saturday Night Live appearance. Abbruzzese wrote the music for the Pearl Jam songs Go, Last Exit and he played with Pearl Jam through April 17,1994. In 1994, the band began a boycott of Ticketmaster. Although Abbruzzese performed on the third studio album, Vitalogy, he was fired in August 1994 due to personality conflicts with the band members. Ament stated, Dave was a different egg for sure, there were a lot of things, personality wise, where I didnt see eye to eye with him. He was more comfortable being a star than the rest of us
14.
Stone Gossard
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Stone Carpenter Gossard is an American musician who serves as the rhythm and additional lead guitarist for the American rock band Pearl Jam. Along with Jeff Ament, Mike McCready, and Eddie Vedder, Gossard is also a member of the band Brad. In 2001, Gossard released his first solo album, Bayleaf and his second solo album Moonlander followed in 2013. Gossard will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pearl Jam on April 7,2017. The first band Gossard joined was March of Crimes, a band of which future Soundgarden bassist Ben Shepherd was a member, although Gossards time with the band was brief, it introduced him to the emerging music scene in Seattle. Gossard formed a friendship with fellow guitarist Steve Turner, who also had attended the Northwest School. Turners interest in punk rock had a significant influence on Gossard, Turner went on to form Green River with vocalist/guitarist Mark Arm, drummer Alex Vincent and bassist Jeff Ament. Gossard was asked to join Green River in order to allow Arm to concentrate exclusively on singing. By the time the finished the recording of its debut EP, Come on Down, Turner decided to leave the group, citing his distaste with Ament. He was replaced by Aments former Deranged Diction bandmate, Bruce Fairweather, the band released the EP Come on Down in 1985 and followed it up with Dry As a Bone in 1987, the first release from Sub Pop records. The bands only studio album, Rehab Doll, was released in 1988. In-fighting within the band led to the groups break-up during the recording of Rehab Doll, a stylistic division had developed between Ament and Gossard on one side, and Arm on the other. Ament and Gossard wanted to pursue a deal, while Arm wanted to remain independent. The band achieved a local reputation in Seattle and had a significant influence on the genre later known as grunge. The band quickly worked on recording and performing locally and by late 1988 had become one of Seattles more promising bands, in early 1989 the band signed to PolyGram subsidiary Mercury Records. In March of that year the group issued its debut EP, in late 1989 the group returned to the studio to record its debut studio album, Apple. It was planned for a March 1990 release, only days before the release of Apple, however, frontman Wood, who had a long history with drug problems, overdosed on heroin. After spending a few days in the hospital in a coma, Wood died, Apple would see release later that year
15.
Mike McCready
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Michael David Mike McCready is an American musician who serves as the lead guitarist for the American rock band Pearl Jam. Along with Jeff Ament, Stone Gossard and Eddie Vedder, he is one of the members of Pearl Jam. McCready was also a member of the side project bands Flight to Mars, Temple of the Dog, Mad Season and he is also the proprietor of Hockey Talkter Records. McCready will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pearl Jam on April 7,2017, Mike McCready was born in Pensacola, Florida, but his family moved to Seattle, shortly after his birth. When he was a child, his parents played Jimi Hendrix and Santana, while his friends listened to Kiss and Aerosmith, at the age of eleven, McCready purchased his first guitar and began taking lessons. In eighth grade, McCready formed his first band, Warrior, originally a cover band playing during free periods at Roosevelt High School, the band eventually began writing original material and recording demo tapes. After high school, McCready worked at a restaurant where he befriended musician Pete Droge. In 1986, Shadow relocated to Los Angeles and attempted to cut a record deal, however, according to McCready, We played to a couple bartenders down there, but even though it was a bad scene, it was a good experience. Basically, we werent that good of a band, and we didnt realize it until we got down there, I guess we lost our focus, got really bummed out and came back to Seattle. In 1988, Shadow returned to Seattle and split up soon afterwards, McCready lost interest in playing guitar for some time, stating that he was so depressed about life. He cut his hair, enrolled in a community college. He credits a friend named Russ Riedner for getting me out of my college mode, McCready was inspired to pick up his guitar again after attending a Stevie Ray Vaughan concert at The Gorge Amphitheatre in George, Washington. McCready said, As soon as he started Couldnt Stand the Weather, these huge clouds rolled in overhead, when the song ended, the rain stopped. It was like an experience, and it changed me. It lifted me out of the negative mindset I was in, I thank him forever for that. McCready gradually went back to playing guitar and finally joined another band called Love Chile, a childhood friend, Stone Gossard, went to one of the bands shows and appreciated McCreadys work after hearing him perform Stevie Ray Vaughans Couldnt Stand the Weather. Gossard had known McCready from back before high school when the two would trade rock band pictures with each other, after the demise of Gossards band Mother Love Bone, he asked McCready if he wanted to play music together with him. After a few months of practicing together, McCready in turn encouraged Gossard to reconnect with his Mother Love Bone alum Jeff Ament, the bands line-up was completed by the addition of Soundgarden drummer Matt Cameron
16.
Eddie Vedder
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Eddie Vedder is an American musician, singer and songwriter best known as a member of the grunge band Pearl Jam, with whom he performs lead vocals and is one of three guitarists. He is known for his baritone vocals. He is also involved in making music and contributes to albums by other artists, in 2007, Vedder released his first solo album as a soundtrack for the film Into the Wild. His second album Ukulele Songs and a live DVD titled Water on the Road were released in 2011, Vedder will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pearl Jam on April 7,2017. Vedder was born Edward Louis Severson III in the Chicago suburb of Evanston, Illinois, on December 23,1964, to Karen Lee Vedder and Edward Louis Severson and his parents divorced in 1965, when Vedder was an infant. His mother soon remarried, to a man named Peter Mueller, Vedder was raised believing that Mueller was his biological father, and he went by the name Edward Mueller for a time. Vedders ancestry includes German and Danish, while living in Evanston, Vedders family fostered seven younger children in a group home. In the mid-1970s, the family, including Vedders three younger half-brothers, moved to San Diego County, California and it was at this point that Vedder, who had received a guitar from his mother on his twelfth birthday, began turning to music as a source of comfort. He particularly found solace in The Whos 1973 album, Quadrophenia and he said, When I was around 15 or 16. I was all alone—except for music and his mother and Mueller divorced when Vedder was in his late teens. His mother and brothers moved back to the Chicago area, after the divorce, Vedder learned the truth about his parentage, Mueller was really his stepfather. Vedder had met his father briefly as a child, but had believed that Severson was merely an old friend of his parents. By the time Vedder learned the truth, Severson had died of multiple sclerosis, by his senior year at San Dieguito High School, Vedder was on his own, living in an apartment and supporting himself with a nightly job at a drug store in Encinitas. He eventually dropped out of school in his senior year due to the pressures of balancing school with working. He joined the rest of his family in Chicago, and it was at time that he changed his name to Eddie Vedder, Vedder being his mothers maiden name. In the early 1980s, while working as a waiter, Eddie earned his high school GED, in 1984, Vedder returned to San Diego, with his girlfriend, Beth Liebling. He kept busy recording demo tapes at his home and working various jobs, Vedder had several stints in San Diego area bands, including Surf and Destroy and The Butts. One of those bands, called Indian Style, included future Rage Against the Machine, in 1988, Vedder became the vocalist for the San Diego progressive funk rock band Bad Radio
17.
Animal (Pearl Jam song)
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Animal is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam, released in 1994 as the third single from the bands second studio album, Vs. Although credited to all members of Pearl Jam, it features lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder, the song peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The song was included on Pearl Jams 2004 greatest hits album, Animal originated as an instrumental demo called Weird A that was written by guitarist Stone Gossard in 1990. Guitarist Mike McCready said about the song, I like the lead on that, george Webb, a guy who takes care of all our guitars and amps, was sitting there and I told him Id do a solo for him. It ended up being the one we used on the record, I did it on a Gibson 335, too. Thats a fun song to play, the actual meaning for Animal has usually been confused by fans with some thinking its about the bands hatred towards the media and others thinking its about gang rape. In an interview with Melody Maker in 1993, vocalist Eddie Vedder stated and its not so much personal, its just, some person at the record company said the other day that they wanted the vocals turned up. He wanted people to understand exactly what I was singing, so I told him what it was about and he said, Youre right. Lets leave the vocals as they are, maybe we dont really want people to understand it. Originally, Vs. was titled Five Against One, which was taken from the lyric One, in this band, and I think in rock in general the art of compromise is almost as important as the art of individual expression. You might have five great artists in the band, but if they cant compromise and work together and it might mean something completely different to Eddie. But when I heard that lyric, it made a lot of sense to me, Animal peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. Outside the United States, the single was released commercially in Australia, Austria, Animal peaked at number 30 on the Australian Singles Chart and was a top ten success in New Zealand. The song was performed at the MTV Video Music Awards in 1993, Live performances of Animal can be found on the Animal single, the Dissident/Live in Atlanta box set, various official bootlegs, and the Live at the Gorge 05/06 box set. A performance of the song is included on the DVD Touring Band 2000. CD and Cassette Animal –2,47 Jeremy –5,18 Oceans –2,44 Alive –4,57 Recorded live by VARA Radio on June 8,1992 at Pinkpop Festival in the Netherlands. CD and Cassette Animal –2,47 Jeremy –5,31 Daughter –5,07 Animal –3,00 Live tracks recorded on April 3,1994 at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Lyrics at pearljam. com Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
18.
Nothing as It Seems
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Nothing as It Seems is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. Written by bassist Jeff Ament, Nothing as It Seems was released on April 25,2000 as the first single from the sixth studio album. The song peaked at three on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The song also appears on Pearl Jams 2004 greatest hits album, Nothing as It Seems was written by bassist Jeff Ament. Ament plays upright bass on the song giving it an atmospheric feel. Guitarist Mike McCready used a Fender Pedal for the song provided the song with its distorted sounds. The song was recorded using binaural recording techniques, and was produced by Tchad Blake, Ament on the song, It was just a little ditty on a demo that I kind of played some hand drums on, and had this little song. Actually, I spent quite a bit of time with the lyrics, there were little sections of the song I definitely heard Mike doing his thing, so I kinda said, Hey, man, you need to write a theme for these little sections. Its pretty cool to see a little song that I wrote being played by everyone, I mean, I can almost kind of stand back and just watch this great band play a song. and take it to a completely different level. Mike and Ed, they have that ability where they can raise the level of anything that they play. Jeff Aments original demo of Nothing as It Seems is a track on disc 2 of Pearl Jams soundtrack to their documentary Pearl Jam Twenty directed by Cameron Crowe, Ament revealed that he wrote Nothing as It Seems about his childhood growing up in a rural area of Northern Montana. In one interview, he called it a dark, heavy tale and stated, For me, its a song about judgment and not always understanding what is going on with another person. In another interview, he elaborated further, Its a little bit reflecting on where I came from. I grew up in rural area in Northern Montana. In the last couple of years, I had just seen Affliction and I had just read Nine Below Zero by this guy, Kevin Canty, all very kind of rural things that unearthed a lot of stuff. Is just kind of came out. Im just now starting to actually really analyze what I was talking about. because I still dont really have a grip on that. Regarding the choice of Nothing as It Seems as the bands first single from Binaural, vocalist Eddie Vedder explained and it actually felt like we were offering them something fairly challenging. Nothing as It Seems was the most successful song from Binaural on the American rock charts, the song peaked at number 49 on the Billboard Hot 100, number three on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, and number ten on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart
19.
Even Flow
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Even Flow is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard, Even Flow was released in 1992 as the single from the bands debut album. The song peaked at three on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The song was included on Pearl Jams 2004 greatest hits album, a remixed version of the song was included on the 2009 Ten reissue. Even Flow features lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard. Bassist Jeff Ament said, I know it was a song all along. There were a hundred takes on that song, and we just never nailed it, drummer Dave Krusen said, I was pretty green back then and Even Flow suffered from too much fluctuation. He added that it was tough for me. Not sure why we didnt use that one from the demo as well, guitarist Mike McCready stated, We did Even Flow about 50,70 times. I swear to God it was a nightmare and we played that thing over and over until we hated each other. I still dont think Stone is satisfied with how it came out, an alternate version of the song was recorded with drummer Dave Abbruzzese in 1992 while the band was recording songs for the soundtrack for the 1992 film, Singles. This version was used for the video, and was used in single releases in the United Kingdom. This version can also be found on Pearl Jams 2004 greatest hits album, Even Flow was written in the key of D major, with Gossard performing his parts in open D tuning and McCready complementing it with a similar rhythm pattern in standard tuning. The recorded version of the song actually sounds slightly sharper than D major, the song features a funk guitar riff by Gossard. McCready on the song, Thats me pretending to be Stevie Ray Vaughan, Stone wrote the riff and song, I think its a D tuning. I just followed him in a regular pattern, I tried to steal everything I know from Stevie Ray Vaughan and put it into that song. A tribute rip-off, if you will, the vocal line that appears in the main verse begins with a very prominent tritone interval. The stark lyrics by Vedder for Even Flow describe the experience of being a homeless man, the subject sleeps on a pillow made of concrete and panhandles passersby for spare change
20.
Daughter (song)
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Daughter is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam, released in 1993 as the second single from the bands second studio album, Vs. Although credited to all members of Pearl Jam, it features lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder, the song topped both the Mainstream Rock and Modern Rock Billboard charts. The song spent a total of eight weeks at one on the Mainstream Rock chart. Daughter eventually peaked at number 28 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart, the song was included on Pearl Jams 2004 greatest hits album, rearviewmirror. Guitarist Stone Gossard used a Guild wide-body acoustic guitar to write the music for Daughter, bassist Jeff Ament plays upright bass on the song. Guitarist Mike McCready said, Thats one of the few solos I really had to sit down, drummer Dave Abbruzzese on his drumming on Daughter, When we were originally working on Daughter, I did a lot more stuff on the toms. But when we went in to record it, Brendan suggested trying something different, to just use the kick and that was a trip, because wed already been playing that song for half a year, and I was kind of used to what I was doing. At first I was like, Well. okay, so I set up a 26 kick, a snare, and an 18 floor tom, and we just used the room mics and went for it. It actually brought out a new dimension of the song for me. Live, I kind of mix the two approaches together, Eddie Vedder said about the song Daughter, The child in that song obviously has a learning difficulty. And its only in the last few years that theyve actually been able to diagnose these learning disabilities that before were looked at as misbehavior, but no one knew what it was. And these kids, because they seemed unable or reluctant to learn, the song ends, you know, with this idea of the shades going down—so that the neighbors cant see what happens next. What hurts about shit like that is that it ends up defining peoples lives and they have to live with that abuse for the rest of their lives. Good, creative people are just fucking destroyed, Daughter became the most successful song from Vs. on the American ro at number one on the Mainstream Rock chart. The acoustic guitar-driven song remains one of Pearl Jams preeminent songs and it has remained an alternative rock radio staple. At the 1995 Grammy Awards, Daughter received a nomination for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, outside the United States, the single was released commercially in Australia, Austria, Japan, the Netherlands, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom. In Canada, the reached the top 20 on the Canadian Singles Chart. Daughter reached the UK Top 20 and peaked at number 18 on the Australian Singles Chart, Daughter reached the top 50 in the Netherlands and was a top ten success in Ireland
21.
Light Years (Pearl Jam song)
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Light Years is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. The song peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, the song was included on Pearl Jams 2004 greatest hits album, rearviewmirror. Light Years features lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music co-written by Vedder and guitarists Mike McCready, the song was re-worked from its original demo version titled Puzzles & Games, as the band felt the original version was too similar to the song Given to Fly. Vedder on the song, With Light Years, Mike McCready had written some music and we were excited about it for a while, but when we got down to recording it, it was too nice, too right there—it was a little too close to Given to Fly. It still has a fairly contagious chorus and melody, but its just sideways enough to make me happy, bassist Jeff Ament on the song, It sounded nothing like what it sounds like now. Mike had a couple of riffs, and Ed really sat down and he initially had some problems, and one day he came in on his own and had some lyrics that were really heartfelt. He ended up rearranging the song. It got played a million different tempos and a million different angles on the drums and that was a hard song, probably more so on Matts end just because it took so long. At the Pinkpop Festival in 2000, Vedder dedicated Light Years to Diane Muus from Sony Music and he said there are times you have got friends that dont fuck up at all and are great people. And then you just lose them for some reason and they are off the planet and you never had a chance to say goodbye. I only mention this because there was a person we used to know here, and if youve got good friends, love them while theyre here. Light Years peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, outside the United States, the single was released commercially in Australia, Austria, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. In Canada, Light Years charted on the Rock Top 30 chart where it peaked at number 21, Light Years reached the top 60 in the UK and the top 30 in Italy. Christopher John Farley of Time described the song as muted but passionate, Light Years was first performed live at the bands May 10,2000 concert in Bellingham, Washington at the Mount Baker Theatre. Live performances of Light Years can be found on various official bootlegs. CD Light Years –5,07 Grievance –3,29 Soon Forget –2,06 Do the Evolution –3,54 Live tracks recorded on May 10,2000 at Mount Baker Theatre in Bellingham, Washington. CD Light Years –5,08 Grievance –3,30 Recorded live on May 10,2000 at Mount Baker Theatre in Bellingham, Washington. 7 Vinyl Light Years –5,08 Soon Forget –2,06 Recorded live on May 10,2000 at Mount Baker Theatre in Bellingham, Lyrics at pearljam. com Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
22.
Jeremy (song)
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Jeremy is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam, with lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by bassist Jeff Ament. Jeremy was released in 1992 as the single from Pearl Jams debut album Ten. The song was inspired by a newspaper article Vedder read about a school student who shot himself in front of his English class on January 8,1991. It reached the five spot on both the Mainstream and Modern Rock Billboard charts. The song gained notoriety for its video, directed by Mark Pellington and released in 1992. The original music video for Jeremy was directed and produced by Chris Cuffaro, Epic Records and MTV later rejected the music video, and released the version directed by Pellington instead. In 1993, the Jeremy video was awarded four MTV Video Music Awards, Jeremy features lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by bassist Jeff Ament. The songs music was written before the band went out on tour in support of Alice in Chains in February 1991. Ament on the song, I already had two pieces of music that I wrote on acoustic guitar. with the idea that I would play them on a Hamer 12-string bass I had just ordered. When the bass arrived, one of became Jeremy. I had an idea for the outro when we were recording it the second time. I overdubbed a twelve-string bass, and we added a cello. That was big-time production, for us. Rick ’s a supertalented engineer-musician. Stone was sick one day and that was so fun—I wanted to make a whole record like that. In another interview, Ament stated, We knew it was a song, but it was tough getting it to feel right—for the chorus to sit back. The tune went from not making it on the record to being one of the best takes. Im not sure if its the best song on the album, on Jeremy I always heard this other melody in the choruses and the end, and it never sounded good on guitar or bass. So we brought in a player which inspired a background vocal. Most of the time if something doesnt work right away, I just say fuck it—but this was an instance when perseverance paid off, Jeremy is in the key of A, and intertwines the parallel modes of major and minor frequently. It features prominent usage of Aments 12-string Hamer bass guitar, which is pivotal to the sound of the introduction, at the end the instruments gradually fade out until all that is audible is a clean guitar and the 12-string bass, like the intro. Both instruments play a minor key melody, fading out with one single note
23.
Given to Fly
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Given to Fly is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. Given to Fly proved to be the albums most popular single, the song topped the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and eventually peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song spent a total of six weeks at one on the Mainstream Rock chart. The song was included on Pearl Jams 2004 greatest hits album, Given to Fly features lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Mike McCready, although loosely based on Led Zeppelins Going to California. McCready said he came up with the riff after being stuck in his condo on a snowy day in Seattle. McCready on the song, It was snowing here in Seattle, which it rarely does, and so they kind of shut down all the streets and I couldnt get my car out of the driveway. And I have a Volvo and youd think those would be able to drive in the snow, and I wrote that riff and the Faithfull riff that day. The main riff is written in the DADGAD alternate tuning, and thats metaphorically how I think of that song. Drummer Jack Irons stated that on Given to Fly, I play a beat thats based around the toms, im not sure I would have been comfortable playing that way a few years ago. Vedder about Given to Fly, a 20-page cardboard book with a line on each page and a picture to go with it. The music almost gives you this feeling of flight, and I really love singing the part at the end, not becoming bitter and reclusive, not condemning the whole world because of the actions of a few. Given to Fly was released as a single in December 1997 with a previously unreleased B-side titled Leatherman, Given to Fly was featured in a commercial advertising Yield which emulated the albums cover art. Given to Fly became the most successful song from Yield on the American rock charts, the song peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100, number one on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, and number three on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song spent a total of six weeks at one on the Mainstream Rock chart. Outside the United States, the single was released commercially in Australia, Austria, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, Given to Fly also reached number 23 on the Canadian Year End Alternative Top 50. Given to Fly reached the UK Top 20 and peaked at number 13 on the Australian Singles Chart. Given to Fly reached number 67 in Germany, the top 40 in the Netherlands and Switzerland, the top 30 in Sweden and it was a moderate top 20 success in Ireland and New Zealand. In Allmusics review of the Given to Fly single, it was stated that Given to Fly is an epic that goes a long way in conveying Yields majestic splendor
24.
Cat Stevens
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Yusuf Islam, commonly known by his former stage name Cat Stevens, is a British singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, humanitarian, and education philanthropist. His 1967 debut album reached the top 10 in the UK, and his albums Tea for the Tillerman and Teaser and the Firecat were both certified triple platinum in the US by the RIAA. His musical style consists of folk, pop, rock, and his 1972 album Catch Bull at Four spent three weeks at number one on the Billboard 200, and fifteen weeks at number one in the Australian ARIA Charts. He earned two ASCAP songwriting awards in 2005 and 2006 for The First Cut Is the Deepest, and his other hit songs include Father and Son, Wild World, Peace Train, Moonshadow, and Morning Has Broken. In 2007 he received the British Academys Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Song Collection, in December 1977, Stevens converted to Islam, and he adopted the name Yusuf Islam the following year. In 1979, he auctioned all his guitars for charity and left his career to devote himself to educational. He was embroiled in a controversy regarding comments he made in 1989 about the death fatwa on author Salman Rushdie. He has received two doctorates and awards for promoting peace from two organisations founded by Mikhail Gorbachev. In 2006, he returned to pop music – releasing his first album of new pop songs in 28 years, with that release and subsequent ones, he dropped the surname Islam from the album cover art – using the stage name Yusuf as a mononym. In 2009, he released the album Roadsinger, and in 2014, he released the album Tell Em Im Gone and he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014. His second North American tour since his resurgence, featuring 12 shows in intimate venues, steven Georgiou, born on 21 July 1948 in the Marylebone area of London, was the youngest child of a Greek Cypriot father, Stavros Georgiou, and a Swedish mother, Ingrid Wickman. He had a sister, Anita, and a brother. All family members worked in the restaurant and his parents divorced when he was about eight years old, but they continued to maintain the family restaurant and live above it. Although his father was Greek Orthodox and his mother a Baptist, Georgiou was sent to St. Joseph Roman Catholic Primary School, Macklin Street, which was closer to his fathers business on Drury Lane. Georgiou developed an interest in piano at a young age, eventually using the family baby grand piano to work out the chords. Inspired by the popularity of the Beatles, at 15 he extended his interest to the guitar, persuaded his father to pay £8 for his first instrument, Stevens emphasised that the advent of West Side Story in particular affected him, giving him a different view of life. He attended other local West End schools, where he says he was constantly in trouble and he was called the artist boy and mentions that I was beat up, but I was noticed. He went on to take a course of study at Hammersmith School of Art
25.
Victoria Williams
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Victoria Williams is an American singer, songwriter and musician, originally from Shreveport, Louisiana, although she has resided in Southern California throughout her musical career. She is noted for her descriptive songwriting talent, which she has used to immerse the listener of her songs into a feeling of small-town, rural Southern upbringing. Her best-known songs include Crazy Mary, and Century Plant, and much of her work finds inspiration in nature, everyday objects, Williams was born in Shreveport, Louisiana. In 1990 she released Swing the Statue and she also often appeared onstage and on record with the band Giant Sand. In 1993 she acted in Gus Van Sants Even Cowgirls Get the Blues, in 1993, as Williams career was beginning to take off, she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. This led to the creation of the Sweet Relief Musicians Fund and that year, Williams also released a new album, titled Loose. Also that year, Williams appeared on Strong Hand of Love, a tribute album to songwriter Mark Heard. In 1995, Williams released her first live album, This Moment in Toronto with the Loose Band. Williams ended the 1990s with an appearance on Jim Whites Wrong Eyed Jesus and she also appeared in the film Victoria Williams – Happy Come Home, by D. A. Pennebaker and Chris Hegedus. Williams recorded Since Ive Laid My Burden Down for the compilation album Avalon Blues and that same year her song You Are Loved was included on The Oxford American Southern Music CD #5. In 2002 she issued an album of standards recorded during the sessions for her earlier records, sings Some Ol Songs includes classics such as Somewhere Over the Rainbow, My Funny Valentine and Moon River. That year, Williams was also a judge for the 2nd annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists careers, miss Williams Guitar, a song on the Jayhawks 1995 album Tomorrow the Green Grass, was written for her by Olson and bandmate Gary Louris. Olson and Williams divorced in 2006 which also led to the dissolution of their musical partnership, in 2006, she performed on fellow Creekdipper David Wolfenbergers album Portrait of Narcissus and even painted the portrait of Wolfenberger featured on the cover. In that same year she appeared as a guest vocalist on Modern Folk and Blues Wednesday. Williams also plays in a band called The Thriftstore Allstars, a group of accomplished touring musicians who play in Joshua Tree. The Thriftstore Allstars play what their MySpace page calls loose drunken square dance country gone electric fantasmo, in 2006 Victoria was ranked #89 on Paste magazines list of the Top 100 Living Songwriters. The description stated, Louisiana-born Victoria Williams’ music paints impressionistic, personal portraits of nature, of the spiritual and her songs—as distinctive as her high vibrato—dip heavily into the musical palettes of country, folk, rock, gospel and jazz. In 2007 she has played shows with M. Ward and is featured on the track Bottom Dollar on Christopher Rees album Cautionary Tales
26.
Do the Evolution
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Do the Evolution is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard, Do the Evolution is the track on the bands fifth studio album. Despite the lack of a single release, the song managed to reach number 33 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song was included on Pearl Jams 2004 greatest hits album, do the Evolution features lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard. Bassist Jeff Ament does not appear on the track, Gossard recorded the bass line for the track. Vedder said that it is his song from Yield. He stated, I can listen to it like its some band that just came out of nowhere, I was able to listen to it as an outside observer and just really play it over and over. Maybe because I was singing it from a person so it didnt really feel like me singing. When speaking about Do the Evolution, Vedder stated, That song is all about someone whos drunk with technology and its another one Im not singing as myself. Pearl Jam has stated that the novel Ishmael influenced the writing of Yield, and according to the writer, Daniel Quinn. Vedder stated, This Daniel Quinn book, Ishmael. Ive never recommended a book before and my whole year has been kind of with these thoughts in mind. And on a level, that man has been on this planet for 3 million years. And that were about to celebrate the year 2000, which is this, so heres this number line, heres what we know and celebrate. This book is a conversation with a man and an ape, and the ape really has it all together. He kinda knows the differences between him and the man, and points out how slight they are, and it creates an analogy for what man has done. That man is the thing on this earth. That the earth was around even so much longer before the 3 million years, fifty million years of sharks and all these living things. Then man comes out of the muck, and 3 million years later hes standing, which is just a speck on this line
27.
Spin the Black Circle
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Spin the Black Circle is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam, released on November 8,1994 as the first single from the bands third studio album, Vitalogy. Although credited to all members of Pearl Jam, it features lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder, the song peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart and at number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100. It charted at number 10 in the UK Singles Chart, giving them their only top ten hit in that country, the song was included on Pearl Jams 2004 greatest hits album, rearviewmirror. Guitarist Stone Gossard had originally written the riff for Spin the Black Circle as slower, however vocalist Eddie Vedder asked him to speed it up. Vedder on the song, I remember wanting everything to be faster. Stone gave me a tape with this riff, I had a speed control on my machine. I speeded it up, came back and said, Can we do it this way, guitarist Mike McCready on the song, Thats me trying to do Johnny Thunders leads. I actually overdubbed those leads, but when I do it live, bassist Jeff Ament has admitted that he was unhappy at the time with the punk rock direction that the song took. He said that when we wrote Spin the Black Circle. I was like, I can play the entire Dead Kennedys back catalogue. I didnt really want to make music like that at that time, Spin the Black Circle begins with one guitar playing fast power chords, and then the second guitar kicks in and Vedder begins singing aggressively through the rest of the song. The main guitar riff for the song is reminiscent of the one for Hüsker Düs Beyond the Threshold from the 1984 album, according to Vedder, Spin the Black Circle is about his and the bands love for vinyl records. At the bands July 1,2003 show in Bristow, Virginia at the Nissan Pavilion, Vedder proclaimed This song is about old records, old records, anyone remember old records. The lyrics play on the similarities between drug addiction and addiction to records and music, as many of the lyrics may be interpreted either way. It is unclear to what extent this is intended to be a comparison of different types of addiction. Jon Pareles of The New York Times referred to Spin the Black Circle as one of the few songs from Seattle in which a needle has nothing to do with heroin. Spin the Black Circle peaked at number 18 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 16 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, Spin the Black Circle was the bands first single to enter the Billboard Hot 100. Outside the United States, the single was released commercially in Australia, Austria, Canada, the Netherlands, Spin the Black Circle reached the top ten in the UK, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and Norway. Spin the Black Circle reached the top 20 in Sweden, the top 30 in the Netherlands, the song remains the bands highest charting single in the United Kingdom to date. Al Weisel of Rolling Stone called the song a revvedup thrash tribute to vinyl, david Browne of Entertainment Weekly said that it sounds a little flabby, like dinosaur rockers trying to prove theyre into Green Day
28.
Rockin' in the Free World
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Rockin in the Free World is a song by Neil Young, released on his 1989 album Freedom. The song was first performed live on February 21,1989 in Seattle with Youngs band The Restless, in Jimmy McDonoughs book Shakey, McDonough claims the song originated in one of Youngs tours in the late 1980s. Young and Frank Poncho Sampedro purportedly saw newspaper photos of the Ayatollah Khomeinis body being carried to his grave as mourners were burning American flags in the street, Sampedro commented, Whatever we do, we shouldnt go near the Mideast. Its probably better we just keep on rockin in the free world, Young asked if Sampedro intended to use this idea as the basis of a song and when Sampedro said no, Young said that he would do so instead. However Khomeinis death occurred months after the first live performance of the song, the lyrics criticize the George H. W. Despite this, the became the de facto anthem of the collapse of communism. The song is rated number 216 on Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and is included on Youngs Greatest Hits release, progressive metal legends Queensrÿche performed an acoustic version of the song on 27 April 1992 in LA, part of the MTV Unplugged series. Finnish rock singer-songwriter Hector has covered the song in Finnish language as Vapaa maailma kun bailaa, the lyrics follow almost verbatim the original. He hasnt recorded the song, but performs it on concerts, pearl Jam regularly covers this song in concert, playing it along with Yellow Ledbetter as the closer on election years. The band played the song as part of the 1992 MTV Unplugged performance, the band played the song at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto as part of their 20th anniversary tour. Neil Young joined them onstage to play with the band, van Halen performed a version of the song as an encore on their 1993 Right Here Right Now Tour. The Alarm recorded a version of the song on their album Raw, the Leningrad Cowboys performed a version of the song on the album Global Balalaika Show. Hayseed Dixie included a version on the 2005 album A Hot Piece of Grass, simple Minds recorded it for the 2009 studio album Graffiti Soul. In the G3 Live in Denver tour, Joe Satriani, Steve Vai, jeff Walker, the singer and bass guitarist of the grindcore band Carcass recorded a version of the song on his 2006 solo album Welcome to Carcass Cuntry. Bon Jovi performed this live in Johannesburg, South Africa on December 1,1995. The performance was recorded in their live album One Wild Night Live 1985–2001, stephen Stills, Kenny Wayne Shepherd, Barry Goldberg included a version on the 2013 album Cant Get Enough. Pidżama Porno included a version on the 2004 album Bulgarskie Centrum The song was used in Donald Trumps announcement that he run as a Republican candidate for the 2016 presidency. Young, a supporter of Bernie Sanders, said that Trumps use of Rockin in the Free World was not authorized
29.
Neil Young
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Neil Percival Young, OC OM, is a Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, producer, director and screenwriter. Young began performing in a group covering Shadows instrumentals in Canada in 1960, in 1966, after a brief stint with the Rick James-fronted Mynah Birds, he moved to Los Angeles, where he formed Buffalo Springfield with Stephen Stills, Richie Furay and others. Young had released two albums by the time he joined Crosby, Stills & Nash in 1969, in addition to two as a member of Buffalo Springfield. From his early albums and those with his backing band Crazy Horse, Young has recorded a steady stream of studio and live albums. Youngs often-distorted electric guitar work, deeply personal lyrics and signature tenor singing voice transcend his long career, Young also plays piano and harmonica on many albums which frequently combine folk, rock, blues and other musical styles. Known to rip up live set lists, Young often plays acoustic versions of songs in one show and his gritty guitar work, especially with Crazy Horse, earned him the nickname Godfather of Grunge and led to his 1995 album Mirror Ball with Pearl Jam. More recently Young has been backed by Promise of the Real, Young directed films using the pseudonym Bernard Shakey, including Journey Through the Past, Rust Never Sleeps, Human Highway, Greendale, and CSNY/Déjà Vu. He also contributed to the soundtracks of the films Philadelphia and Dead Man, Young has received several Grammy and Juno awards. The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame inducted him twice, as a solo artist in 1995, in 2000, Rolling Stone named Young the 34th greatest rock n roll artist. He has lived in California since the 1960s but retains Canadian citizenship and he was awarded the Order of Manitoba on July 14,2006, and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on December 30,2009. Young was born on November 12,1945, in Toronto and his father, Scott Alexander Young, was a journalist and sportswriter who also wrote fiction. His mother, Edna Blow Ragland Rassy Young was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, although Canadian, his mother had American and French ancestry. Youngs parents married in 1940 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and their first son, shortly after Youngs birth in 1945, his family moved to rural Omemee, Ontario, which Young later described fondly as a sleepy little place. Young suffered from polio in 1951 during the last major outbreak of the disease in Ontario, after his recovery, the Young family vacationed in Florida. During that period, Young briefly attended Chisolm Elementary School in New Smyrna Beach, in 1952, upon returning to Canada, Young moved from Omemee to Winnipeg for a year, before relocating to Toronto and Pickering. Young became interested in music he heard on the radio. When Young was twelve, his father, who had several extramarital affairs and his mother asked for a divorce which was granted in 1960. Young went to live with his mother, who moved back to Winnipeg, during the mid-fifties, Young listened to rock n roll, rockabilly, doo-wop, R&B, country, and western pop
30.
Bass guitar
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The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick. The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to a guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is tuned the same as the double bass. The bass guitar is an instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds to avoid excessive ledger lines. Like the electric guitar, the guitar has pickups and it is plugged into an amplifier and speaker on stage, or into a larger PA system using a DI unit. Since the 1960s, the guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music as the bass instrument in the rhythm section. While types of basslines vary widely from one style of music to another, many styles of music utilise the bass guitar, including rock, heavy metal, pop, punk rock, country, reggae, gospel, blues, symphonic rock, and jazz. It is often a solo instrument in jazz, jazz fusion, Latin, funk, progressive rock and other rock, the adoption of a guitar form made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in more easily than on acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period, around 1947, Tutmarcs son, Bud, began marketing a similar bass under the Serenader brand name, prominently advertised in the nationally distributed L. D. Heater Music Company wholesale jobber catalogue of 1948, however, the Tutmarc family inventions did not achieve market success. In the 1950s, Leo Fender, with the help of his employee George Fullerton and his Fender Precision Bass, which began production in October 1951, became a widely copied industry standard. This split pickup, introduced in 1957, appears to have been two mandolin pickups, the pole pieces and leads of the coils were reversed with respect to each other, producing a humbucking effect. Humbucking is a design that electrically cancels the effect of any AC hum, the Fender Bass was a revolutionary new instrument, which could be easily transported, and which was less prone to feedback when amplified than acoustic bass instruments. Monk Montgomery was the first bass player to tour with the Fender bass guitar, roy Johnson, and Shifty Henry with Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five, were other early Fender bass pioneers. Bill Black, playing with Elvis Presley, switched from bass to the Fender Precision Bass around 1957. The bass guitar was intended to appeal to guitarists as well as upright bass players, following Fenders lead, in 1953, Gibson released the first short scale violin-shaped electric bass with extendable end pin, allowing it to be played upright or horizontally. In 1959 these were followed by the more conventional-looking EB-0 Bass, the EB-0 was very similar to a Gibson SG in appearance
31.
Matt Cameron
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Matthew David Matt Cameron is an American musician who serves as the drummer for the American rock bands Pearl Jam and Soundgarden. In 1998, Cameron was invited to play on Pearl Jams U. S and he soon became a permanent member and has remained in the band ever since. In 2010, Soundgarden reunited for new tour and released a new album, additionally, Cameron was a member of Temple of the Dog, and has served as the drummer for the side project bands Hater and Wellwater Conspiracy, also acting as the lead singer for the latter. Cameron will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pearl Jam on April 7,2017, Matt Cameron was born and raised in San Diego, California. Cameron began playing drums at an early age, at the age of thirteen, he and some friends played in a cover band called Kiss. During this stint, he met Paul Stanley, however, after a letter from the management of the band Kiss threatened the boys with legal action if they did not cease their infringement, the band melted away. Cameron attended Bonita Vista High School, in 1978, under the pseudonym Foo Cameron, Cameron sang the song Puberty Love which was featured in the movie Attack of the Killer Tomatoes. The nickname Foo came from Camerons older brother Pete, who pronounced Matthew as Ma Foo, in 1983, Cameron moved to Seattle, Washington, where he got a job working at a Kinkos. After doing his first professional work as drummer for Bam Bam fronted by singer, Tina Bell and guitarist, Tommy Martin. He next played in the instrumental band feeDBack with musician Daniel House. Following feeDBack, Cameron joined House in 1985 in the newly formed Skin Yard, the band had been formed in January 1985 by House and Jack Endino. Cameron stayed with the group for almost a year, in 1986, Skin Yard contributed two songs to the now-legendary Deep Six compilation. This album was the first to showcase the early grunge sound, the band released its first album in 1986, the eponymous Skin Yard. Cameron wrote the song Reptile for the band appears on its first record. Shortly after the release of Skin Yard, Cameron left the band, by September 1986, Cameron had gained so much notoriety in the local music scene that he was chosen to play for Soundgarden, replacing drummer Scott Sundquist. Soundgarden was made up of vocalist/guitarist Chris Cornell, guitarist Kim Thayil, Cornell said, When I first met Matt, he was already the best drummer in town. He just seemed very confident and well-adjusted. The band signed with the independent label Sub Pop and released the Screaming Life EP in 1987, in 1988, the band signed with legendary punk record label SST Records and released its debut full-length album Ultramega OK. The album earned the band its first major award nomination, a Grammy Award, the band subsequently signed with A&M Records, becoming the first grunge band to sign to a major label
32.
Drum kit
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A drum kit consists of a mix of drums and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell. In the 2000s, some also include electronic instruments and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used. If some or all of them are replaced by electronic drums, the drum kit is usually played while seated on a drum stool or throne. The drum kit differs from instruments that can be used to produce pitched melodies or chords, even though drums are often placed musically alongside others that do, such as the piano or guitar. The drum kit is part of the rhythm section used in many types of popular and traditional music styles ranging from rock and pop to blues. Other standard instruments used in the section include the electric bass, electric guitar. Many drummers extend their kits from this pattern, adding more drums, more cymbals. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, use small kits that omit elements from the basic setup, some drum kit players may have other roles in the band, such as providing backup vocals, or less commonly, lead vocals. Thus, in an early 1800s orchestra piece, if the called for bass drum, triangle and cymbals. In the 1840s, percussionists began to experiment with foot pedals as a way to them to play more than one instrument. In the 1860s, percussionists started combining multiple drums into a set, the bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, and other percussion instruments were all played using hand-held drum sticks. Double-drumming was developed to one person to play the bass and snare with sticks. With this approach, the drum was usually played on beats one. This resulted in a swing and dance feel. The drum set was referred to as a trap set. By the 1870s, drummers were using an overhang pedal, most drummers in the 1870s preferred to do double drumming without any pedal to play multiple drums, rather than use an overhang pedal. Companies patented their pedal systems such as Dee Dee Chandler of New Orleans 1904–05, liberating the hands for the first time, this evolution saw the bass drum played with the foot of a standing percussionist. The bass drum became the central piece around which every other percussion instrument would later revolve and it was the golden age of drum building for many famous drum companies, with Ludwig introducing
33.
Guitar
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The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a fretted string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a wooden or plastic and wood box, or through electrical amplifier. It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, the guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. There are three types of modern acoustic guitar, the classical guitar, the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of a guitar is produced by the strings vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar. The term finger-picking can also refer to a tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass. The acoustic bass guitar is an instrument that is one octave below a regular guitar. Early amplified guitars employed a body, but a solid wood body was eventually found more suitable during the 1960s and 1970s. As with acoustic guitars, there are a number of types of guitars, including hollowbody guitars, archtop guitars and solid-body guitars. The electric guitar has had a influence on popular culture. The guitar is used in a variety of musical genres worldwide. It is recognized as an instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, folk, jazz, jota, mariachi, metal, punk, reggae, rock, soul. The term is used to refer to a number of chordophones that were developed and used across Europe, beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas. The modern word guitar, and its antecedents, has applied to a wide variety of chordophones since classical times. Many influences are cited as antecedents to the modern guitar, at least two instruments called guitars were in use in Spain by 1200, the guitarra latina and the so-called guitarra morisca. The guitarra morisca had a back, wide fingerboard. The guitarra Latina had a sound hole and a narrower neck. By the 14th century the qualifiers moresca or morisca and latina had been dropped, and it had six courses, lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early representations reveal an instrument with a sharply cut waist
34.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
35.
Audio engineer
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An audio engineer works on the recording, manipulating the record using equalization and electronic effects, mixing, reproduction, and reinforcement of sound. Audio engineers work on the. technical aspect of recording—the placing of microphones, pre-amp knobs, the physical recording of any project is done by an engineer. Many audio engineers creatively use technologies to produce sound for film, radio, television, music, electronic products and computer games. Audio engineers also set up, sound check and do live sound mixing using an audio console, research and development audio engineers invent new technologies, equipment and techniques, to enhance the process and art of audio engineering. They might also be referred to as acoustic engineers, audio engineers in research and development usually possess a bachelors degree, masters degree or higher qualification in acoustics, physics, computer science or another engineering discipline. They might work in consultancy, specializing in architectural acoustics. Alternatively they might work in companies, or other industries that need audio expertise. Some positions, such as faculty require a Doctor of Philosophy, in Germany a Toningenieur is an audio engineer who designs, builds and repairs audio systems. The listed subdisciplines are based on PACS coding used by the Acoustical Society of America with some revision, audio engineers develop algorithms to allow the electronic manipulation of audio signals. These can be processed at the heart of audio production such as reverberation. Alternatively, the algorithms might carry out echo cancellation on Skype, or identify, architectural acoustics is the science and engineering of achieving a good sound within a room. For audio engineers, architectural acoustics can be about achieving good speech intelligibility in a stadium or enhancing the quality of music in a theatre, architectural Acoustic design is usually done by acoustic consultants. Electroacoustics is concerned with the design of headphones, microphones, loudspeakers, sound reproduction systems, examples of electroacoustic design include portable electronic devices, sound systems in architectural acoustics, surround sound in movie theater and vehicle audio. Musical acoustics is concerned with researching and describing the science of music, in audio engineering, this includes the design of electronic instruments such as synthesizers, the human voice, computer analysis of audio, music therapy, and the perception and cognition of music. Psychoacoustics is the study of how humans respond to what they hear. At the heart of audio engineering are listeners who are the final arbitrator as to whether a design is successful. The production, computer processing and perception of speech is an important part of audio engineering, ensuring speech is transmitted intelligibly, efficiently and with high quality, in rooms, through public address systems and through mobile telephone systems are important areas of study. Producer, engineer, and mixer Phil Ek has described audio engineering as the aspect of recording—the placing of microphones, the turning of pre-amp knobs
36.
Audio mixing (recorded music)
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The track may be mixed in mono, stereo, or surround sound. There are numerous approaches, methods and techniques involved in Audio mixing, some of these practices include levels setting, equalization, stereo panning, Audio mixing techniques and approaches can vary widely, and these can greatly affect the qualities of the sound recording. Audio mixing techniques largely depend on music genres and the quality of sound recordings involved, the process is generally carried out by a mixing engineer, though sometimes the musical producer or music artist may assist. After mixing, a mastering engineer prepares the final product for production, Audio mixing may be transferred onto a mixing console or digital audio workstation. Jay bala ji In the late century, Thomas Edison. The recording and reproduction process itself was completely mechanical with little or no electrical parts, Emile Berliners gramophone system recorded music by inscribing spiraling lateral cuts onto a vinyl disc. Electronic recording became widely used during the 1920s. It was based on the principles of electromagnetic transduction, the possibility for a microphone to be connected remotely to a recording machine meant that microphones could be positioned in more suitable places. Even more useful was the fact that the outputs of the microphones could be mixed before being fed to the disc cutter, before the introduction of multitrack recording, all sounds and effects that were to be part of a record were mixed at one time during a live performance. If the recorded blend wasnt satisfactory, or if one made a mistake. Modern mixing emerged with the introduction of commercial multi-track tape machines, the ability to record sounds into a multitude of channels meant that treating these sounds could be postponed to a later stage– the mixing stage. In the 1980s, home recording and mixing became much easier, the 4-track Portastudio was introduced in 1979. Bruce Springsteen released the album Nebraska in 1982 using one, the Eurythmics topped the charts in 1983 with the song Sweet Dreams, recorded by band member Dave Stewart on a makeshift 8-track recorder. In the mid-to-late 1990s, computers replaced tape-based recording for most home studios, at the same time, digital audio workstations, first used in the mid-1980s, began to replace tape in many professional recording studios. A mixer is the heart of the mixing process. Mixers offer a multitude of inputs, each fed by a track from a multitrack recorder, mixers typically have 2 main outputs or 8. Mixers offer three main functionalities, Mixing – summing signals together, which is normally done by a dedicated summing amplifier or in the case of digital by a simple algorithm, routing – allows the routing of source signals to internal buses or external processing units and effects. Processing – many mixers also offer on-board processors, like equalizers and compressors, Mixing consoles used for dubbing can often be seen as large and intimidating, due to the exceptional amount of controls
37.
Page layout
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Page layout is the part of graphic design that deals in the arrangement of visual elements on a page. It generally involves organizational principles of composition to achieve specific communication objectives, the high-level page layout involves deciding on the overall arrangement of text and images, and possibly on the size or shape of the medium. It requires intelligence, sentience, and creativity, and is informed by culture, psychology, low-level pagination and typesetting are more mechanical processes. Given certain parameters - boundaries of areas, the typeface, font size. Until desktop publishing became dominant, these processes were still done by people, the result might be published as-is or might be tweaked by a graphic designer. With manuscripts, all of the elements are added by hand, so the creator can determine the layout directly as they create the work, any images would be created by engraving. This process is called imposition, and potentially includes arranging multiple pages to be printed on the sheet of paper which will later be folded. An imposition proof might be created to check the final placement, the invention of hot metal typesetting in 1884 sped up the typesetting process by allowing workers to produce slugs - entire lines of text - using a keyboard. The slugs were the result of metal being poured into molds temporarily assembled by the typesetting machine. The layout process remained the same as with metal type. Offset lithography allows the bright and dark areas of an image to control ink placement on the printing press and this means that if a single copy of the page can be created on paper and photographed, then any number of copies could be printed. Type could be set with a typewriter, or to achieve results comparable to letterpress. The IBM Selectric Composer, for example, could produce type of different size, different fonts, with photoengraving and halftone, physical photographs could be transferred into print directly, rather than relying on hand-made engravings. Completed pages become known as camera-ready, mechanicals or mechanical art and these machines became increasingly sophisticated, with computer-driven models able to store text on magnetic tape. In addition to being used as devices for computer operators. Printers attached directly to computers allowed them to print documents directly, early dot matrix printing was sufficient for office documents, but was of too low a quality for professional typesetting. Inkjet printing and laser printing did produce sufficient quality type, with modern desktop publishing software such as flagship software Adobe Indesign and cloud-based Lucidpress, the layout process can occur entirely on-screen. A finished document can be printed as the camera-ready version
