Year 1291 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Spring – Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi set sail from Genoa with the goal of reaching India. May 10 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of King Edward I of England, in mediating the resolution of the succession crisis, created by the death of King Alexander III of Scotland, five years earlier. August – The Swiss Confederation is formed by Uri and Unterwalden, at Rütli, by the Federal Charter. Sancho IV of Castile captures Tarifa from the Moors; the Habsburgs acquire the Swiss city of Lucerne. Pope Nicholas IV confirms the independence via papal bull. All glassmakers in Venice are forced to move to the island of Murano, in order to contain the risk of fire, thus establishing the glass industry there. Klenová Castle is constructed as part of a frontier defense system. King Andrew III of Hungary gives royal town privileges to Bratislava, the present-day capital of Slovakia. Switzerland gains its independence. May 18 – Al-Ashraf Khalil of Egypt captures Acre, thus exterminating the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, ending the Ninth Crusade and all Crusades, by eliminating the possibility of further attacks on the Holy Land.

The artificial Kunming Lake is constructed as a reservoir for Dadu, Yuan Dynasty, China, by famous engineer and astronomer Guo Shoujing. Emperor Kameyama of Japan establishes the Zen Buddhist temple of Nanzenji, in Kyoto. Four towns of the county of Holland and two of the county of Zeeland agree for the first time to collectively secure a loan by their sovereign, Floris V; this system gives important securities to the lenders, allows the ruler to access the same low interest rates as the cities’ governments. February 8 – King Afonso IV of Portugal October 31 – Philippe de Vitry, French composer Pope Clement VI Theodore I of Montferrat Aimone of Savoy Margareta Ebner, German nun March 10 – Arghun, Mongol ruler in Persia May 20 – Sayyid Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari, Bukharan Sufi saint June 18 – King Alfonso III of Aragon July 15 – Rudolf I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor Hong Dagu, Korean military leader Talabuga, Mongol khan of the Blue Horde

The 1875 Rangitikei by-election was a by-election held on 24 April 1875 during the 5th New Zealand Parliament in the Rangitikei electorate on the West Coast of the North Island. The by-election was held because of the resignation of sitting member of parliament and previous Premier William Fox on 11 March 1875 in order to pay an extended visit to England; this election saw John Ballance narrowly win the seat by just seven votes over his main opponent, William Hogg Watt who had represented the Rangitikei electorate from 1866 to 1868 when he resigned. Conservative George Hutchison ran, he was the son of William Hutchison a former Mayor of Wellington and Member of Parliament, though performed poorly. The following table gives the election results: Rangitikei by-election, other by-elections for the Rangitikei electorate McIvor, Timothy; the Rainmaker: A biography of John Ballance journalist and politician 1839–1893. Auckland: Heinemann Reed. ISBN 0-7900-0024-5. Wilson, James Oakley. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984.

Wellington: V. R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103

The Mandarin Store and Post Office known as the Mandarin Museum and known as the Walter Jones Store and Post Office Museum, is a historic site in Jacksonville, United States. It is located at 12471 Mandarin Road. On October 1, 2001, it was added to the U. S. National Register of Historic Places; the general store was in operation from 1911 until 1964, is operated as a museum by the Mandarin Museum & Historical Society. The museum features some of the store's original furnishings and period memorabilia, is open twice a month. List of United States Post Offices Media related to Mandarin Store and Post Office at Wikimedia Commons Official website The Walter Jones Store and Museum at Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs