1.
3rd Cavalry Division (United States)
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The United States Armys 3rd Cavalry Division was created from the perceived need for additional cavalry units in the interwar period. The 3rd Cavalry Division was largely a paper formation existing from 1927 to 1940 and its units were never assembled in a single location. The 3rd Cavalry Division was located in the United States and never deployed overseas, the divisions shoulder sleeve insignia was approved on 17 February 1928
2.
21st Cavalry Division (United States)
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The 21st Cavalry Division was a division of the United States Army National Guard located in the north eastern United States. The division was composed of personnel from the New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, the division was created from the perceived need for additional cavalry units after the First World War. It numbered in succession of the Regular Army Divisions, which were not all active at its creation, the division was constituted in 1921 and assigned to the First Army. Not all authorized units were active during the divisions lifetime, the division did not participate in the First Army maneuvers in 1935,1939, and 1940. The 21st was inactivated on 1 October 1940 and disbanded on 1 November 1940. S, armor and Cavalry Regiments Headquarters Troop, 51st Cavalry Brigade Armory New York Army National Guard Heraldry U. S. Army Order of Battle 1919–1941, Volume 2
3.
Fort Bliss
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Fort Bliss is a United States Army post in the U. S. states of New Mexico and Texas, with its headquarters located in El Paso, Texas. It is FORSCOMs largest installation, and has the Armys largest Maneuver Area ahead of the National Training Center, part of the post in El Paso County, Texas, is a census-designated place, it had a population of 8,591 at the 2010 census. Fort Bliss provides the largest contiguous tract of restricted airspace in the Continental United States, the airspace is used for missile and artillery training and testing. Fort Bliss is home to the 1st Armored Division, which returned to US soil in 2011, the division is supported by the 15th Sustainment Brigade. The installation is also home to the 32nd Army Air & Missile Defense Command, the 11th Air Defense Artillery Brigade, the 212th Fires Brigade, the headquarters for the El Paso Intelligence Center, a federal tactical operational intelligence center, is hosted at Fort Bliss. Its DoD counterpart, Joint Task Force North, is at Biggs Army Airfield, Biggs Field, a military airport located at Fort Bliss, is designated a military power projection platform. Fort Bliss National Cemetery is located on the post, in 1846, Colonel Alexander Doniphan led 1st Regiment of Missouri mounted volunteers through El Paso del Norte, with victories at the Battle of El Brazito and the Battle of the Sacramento. Then on 7 November 1848, War Department General Order no.58 ordered the establishment of a post across from El Paso del Norte. Van Horne also had command of the Post at San Elizario. With constant Indian raids, garrisons had to be moved frequently to meet the shifting threats, in September 1851, the Post Opposite El Paso and the Post at San Elizario were closed, the soldiers moved 40 miles north to Fort Fillmore. On 11 January 1854, Companies B, E, I and K of the 8th Infantry, Alexander, established Post of El Paso at Magoffinsville under orders from Secretary of War Jefferson Davis. The post became Fort Bliss on 8 March 1854, there it remained for the next 14 years, serving as a base for troops guarding the area against Apache attacks. Until 1861 most of troops were units of the 8th Infantry Brigade. Initially the Confederate Army had success in their attempts to control of New Mexico. The Confederate garrison abandoned Fort Bliss without a fight the next year when a Federal column of 2,350 men under the command of Colonel James H. Carleton advanced from California. After May 1867 Rio Grande flooding seriously damaged the Magoffinsville post, Camp Concordias location was immediately south of what is now Interstate 10, across from Concordia Cemetery in El Paso. The Rio Grande was about a mile south of the camp at that time, on 11 March 1869 the old name of Fort Bliss was resumed. The Concordia post was abandoned in January 1877, and after troops left in January, by that time, the town and its environs on the north side of the river had swelled to a population of almost 800
4.
Fort Sam Houston
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Fort Sam Houston is a U. S. Army post in San Antonio, Texas. Known colloquially as Fort Sam, it is named for the U. S. Senator, Texas Governor, on October 1,2010, Fort Sam Houston joined Lackland and Randolph Air Force Bases to create Joint Base San Antonio, under Air Force administration. Army Institute of Surgical Research U. S. S, because Fort Sam Houston is part of Joint Base San Antonio, the installation commander is the commander of the 502d Air Base Wing. Fort Sam Houston is known as the Home of Army Medicine, at the end of World War II, the Army decided to make Fort Sam Houston the principal medical training facility. In conjunction with this came the determination to develop Brooke General Hospital into one of the Armys premier medical centers. Despite the installation transitioning to Air Force control, the command, the command and other key positions will rotate between the Army and Air Force. Staffing consist of members of both services, as well as a number of civilians. As of 2011, Fort Sam Houston is the largest and most important military training facility in the world. As a result of the Base Realignment and Closure Commission 2005 recommendations and this consolidation concluded with the opening of the Military Education and Training Campus in 2011. The Navy moved its medical training from San Diego, California, Great Lakes, Illinois, the Air Force moved its medical training from Sheppard Air Force Base in Wichita Falls, Texas. This increased the student load and required additional support staff. The expansion in training has required construction approaching one billion dollars, the Sundry Civil Service Bill of 3 March 1873, included a $100,000 for a new army post in San Antonio, on 93 acres of land deeded by the city on Government Hill. Edward Braden Construction Co. won the contract to build the post on 7 June 1876, included on the Quadrangle was a combination 87 foot watch tower and 6,400 gallon water tank designed by General Montgomery C. Meigs, based on one he had seen in Europe, on 19 Feb.1877, the new train station on Austin Street opened, connecting San Antonio to Galveston. The quartermasters soon moved their supplies from the Alamo to the Quadrangle. The hospital, now known as Sam Houston House, was built in 1886, the post was formally named Fort Sam Houston on September 11,1890. The Gift Chapel was dedicated by President William Taft on 17–18 Oct.1909, Construction at Fort Sam Houston began in the middle 1870s under the supervision of the military commander of the Department of Texas, Major General Edward Ord, a West Point-trained army engineer. The significant contributions of Fort Sam Houston to the United States were recognized in 1975 when the post was designated as a National Historic Landmark, the Fort Sam Houston Quadrangle, built by George Henry Griebel, is the oldest structure at Fort Sam Houston
5.
3rd Cavalry Regiment (United States)
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The 3rd Cavalry Regiment, formerly 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment is a regiment of the United States Army currently stationed at Fort Hood, TX. The regiment has a history in the United States Army that dates back to 19 May 1846 and this unit was reorganized at the start of the American Civil War as the 3rd U. S. Cavalry Regiment on 3 August 1861. In January 1943, the regiment was re-designated as the 3rd Cavalry Group, today they are equipped with Stryker vehicles. The 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment was the last heavy armored cavalry regiment in the U. S. Army until it became a Stryker regiment on 16 November 2011. It will retain its lineage as the 3rd Cavalry Regiment, twenty-three of the regiments troopers received the Medal of Honor, all awarded for gallantry in action between 1871 and 1898. The list includes William Buffalo Bill Cody, whose award was rescinded in 1916 for not being a member of the military, codys medal was reinstated in 1989. The 3rd Cavalry Regiments structure consists of seven cavalry squadrons, each cavalry squadron is divided into four cavalry Troops/Batteries/Companies. The Regiment of Mounted Riflemen was authorized by an Act of Congress on 1 December 1845 and was formed at Jefferson Barracks, the president signed the bill in law on 19 May 1846 and COL Persifor F. Smith was placed in command. The Mounted Riflemen were considered a branch of service at the time. When the Regiment of Mounted Riflemen was organized pursuant to the act of Congress in 1846, the first companies filled were A, B, C and they would not be designated as troops until 1883 and would later make up the core of 1st Squadron, 3rd Cavalry Regiment. Bandit Troop is the regiments senior troop and it was organized 1 August 1846, and consisted of 1-Captain, 1-1st Lieutenant, 1-2nd Lieutenant, 1-Brevet 2Lt, and 75 enlisted men. Crazyhorse Troop was organized next on 1 September 1846, with Captain Samuel H. Walker as its commander and he is listed as being on detached service at Washington, obtaining equipment and recruits for Company until 21 May 1847. No doubt the equipment he was obtaining was the shipment of 1,000 Colt-Walker revolvers he had co-designed with Samuel Colt, Apache Troop completed its organization 1 October 1846. Captain William Wing Loring was the first Commander of A Company, dragon Troop was organized 4 October 1846 with 3 officers and 61 enlisted. Captain Henry Pope was the first commander of D Company, originally formed to provide security for travelers on the Oregon Trail, the regiment was immediately rerouted southwards when the Mexican-American War began. The Mounted Riflemen lost most of their horses in a storm during the voyage across the Gulf of Mexico, once the regiment landed at Veracruz on 9 March 1847, they would go on to serve in six campaigns of the Mexican War. On 17–18 April, the Regiment was engaged in fierce fighting during the Battle of Cerro Gordo and were soon engaged again in the Battle of Contreras on 19 August. On 20 August 1847, General Winfield Scott, Commander of American Forces in Mexico, the regiment was bloodied and exhausted from the fierce fighting at Contreras, but even so, each man stood at attention as Scott approached
6.
14th Cavalry Regiment
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The 14th Cavalry Regiment is a cavalry regiment of the United States Army. It has two squadrons that provide reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition for Stryker brigade combat teams, constituted in 1901, it has served in conflicts from the Philippine-American War to the Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. The 14th Cavalry was constituted 2 February 1901, by War Department General Order Number 14, the unit was organized at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas,5 March 1901. The 14th was stationed in the Philippines from 1903–1906 during the insurgency campaigns, upon successful completion of that campaign in 1906, the regiment then returned home to the United States and took up garrisons in the Pacific Northwest, where it assumed peacetime duties. The regiment was re-deployed to the Philippines in 1909, although this time it was engaged in garrison duties. In 1912, the regiment was called for service in the Mexican campaign, coloe, and Lawrence K. Rogers, were killed on American soil. The regiment then returned to Texas, where it began the task of patrolling the border until 1918, the Treaty of Versailles was signed before the regiment could cross the Atlantic and the regiment resumed its border patrol mission. In 1920, the 14th Cavalry Regiment was moved to Iowa, in 1942, the regiment was inactivated, and from its lineage came the 14th Cavalry Group, 14th Tank Battalion, and 711th Tank Battalion. On 28 August 1944, the 14th Cavalry Group sailed for Europe, on 18 October, the unit was split into the 18th Squadron, attached to the 2nd Infantry Division, and the 32nd Squadron, attached to the 83rd Infantry Division. The unit regained its autonomy on 12 December 1944 during the stages of World War II. On 16 December, the 14th Cavalry Group received the brunt of the German winter counteroffensive in the Battle of the Bulge. After two days of fighting, the unit reassembled at Vielsalm, Belgium and was attached to the 7th Armored Division. On 23 December, the unit secured the flank of the perimeter. On 25 December, the unit was reequipped, attached to the XVIII Airborne Corps, after the bloody and brutal fight in the Ardennes Forest, the regiment was assigned to the 3rd U. S. Army, and ended the war near the Austrian border. Vith, Belgium from 17 to 23 December 1944, the battalion was subject to constant German tank and infantry attacks, repeatedly throwing back the numerically superior attacking German forces while sustaining heavy losses. By denying the Germans their objective, the 14th Tank Battalion disrupted the enemys time line and momentum, for seven days, the 14th Tank Battalion, as part of CCB, held St. Vith before being ordered to withdraw west of the Salm River. For their actions in defense of St. Vith, the 14th Tank Battalion was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation, a Company/14th led the advance across the bridge and established fighting positions on the eastern side, repelling multiple German counterattacks by armor and infantry. S. Company A, the first tank company to cross the Rhine, was instrumental in helping seize the railroad bridge, once across, they established fighting positions on the eastern side, repelling multiple German counterattacks by armor and infantry
7.
15th Cavalry Regiment
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The 15th Cavalry Regiment is a cavalry regiment of the United States Army. It was one of the Expansion Units originally established for the Spanish–American War, the 15th Cavalry Regiment was formed in 1901 at the Presidio of San Francisco, California. Immediately upon its organization in 1901, the 15th Cavalry embarked for the Philippines to quell an insurrection in the United States newly acquired territory. The regiments next action was part of the Cuban Pacification from 1906 to 1909, followed by duty along the Mexican border, when the United States entered World War I, the regiment sailed for France as one of the four mounted regiments on duty with the Allied Expeditionary Force. The fighting had already bogged down into trench warfare and the role of cavalry was nearly over. The 15th was called upon to dismount and relieve exhausted units in the trenches. It was the tank that finally broke the lines to end both the war and the role of the horse soldier. The 15th served occupation duty after the war until June 1919 when it returned to the United States. Sadly after 20 years of active service, the regiment was deactivated on 18 October 1921 as part of the massive cutbacks in the Regular Army following the war to end all wars. With the advent of the Second World War, the 15th was again called to service in March 1942, this time with new mounts, the armored car and tank. After undergoing training at the Desert Training Center in California, the regiment sailed for the European Theater of Operations, here, the 15th was reorganized as the 15th Cavalry Group. The group was composed of the 15th and 17th Reconnaissance Squadrons, the 15th Cavalry Group landed on Utah Beach on 5 July 1944 as part of Pattons Third Army. The 15th served in four campaigns in Europe, Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland. The 15th Cavalry Group and its two squadrons fought as part of the Third Army, Ninth Army and was assigned as a security force for several different divisions. The end of the war found the 15th deep inside Germany, when the war ended, the 15th Cavalry Group and its two squadrons had taken nearly 7,000 German prisoners and had destroyed 78 guns and 495 enemy vehicles. Following the war, the 15th was redesignated the 15th Constabulary Regiment, the 17th Reconnaissance Squadron was deactivated in January 1947, but the 15th Squadron, redesignated as the 15th Constabulary Squadron, continued serving. As the cold war began in earnest, the regiments duty shifted to patrolling the border between West Germany and East Germany, as well as the border with Czechoslovakia, the Constabulary Force guarded the border until 1952. From 1952 to 1987, the regiment went through a series of redesignations, inactivations and reactivations, elements of the regiment served across the Army from Korea, Germany, and the United States
8.
5th Cavalry Regiment
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As the borders of the United States expanded westwards, the US government decided that it needed more mounted troops to protect the wagon trains and secure the frontier. Company A rode Grays, Companies B and E rode Sorrels, Companies C, D, F, and I had Bays, Companies G and H rode browns, royall, Nathan G. Evans, Fitzhugh Lee, and John Bell Hood. After receiving cavalry training at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, the regiment, under COL Albert Sidney Johnston, began riding out to Fort Belknap, Texas. COL Johnston immediately received orders to set up Headquarters along with Companies B, C, D, G, H, arriving on 14 January 1856, the men arrived at the post and immediately began work repairing it. On 22 February 1856, Company C of the 2nd Cavalry, under the command of Captain James Oaks, engaged the Waco Indians in their first battle just west of Fort Terrett, Texas. In July 1857, LTC Robert E. Lee arrived at Fort Mason to take command of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment and that same month, LT John Bell Hood led a company of the 2nd Cavalry into the Texas frontier. Near the Devils River, the patrol spotted a band of Comanche warriors holding a flag of truce. The warriors dropped their white flag and began lighting fires to carefully placed burn piles in order to provide a smoke screen,30 more Indians, hiding within 10 paces of the Cavalry troopers, began attacking with arrows and guns. The cavalrymen charged and engaged in fighting, but were forced to withdraw under the cover of revolver fire in the face of two-to-one odds. LT Hood was wounded by and arrow through the hand in this engagement. On 15 February 1858, Major William J. Hardee was instructed to proceed from Fort Belknap with Companies A, F, H & K to Otter Creek, Texas, on 29 February, they came upon a large encampment of Comanche Indians near Wichita Village. In July 1858, the regiment assembled at Fort Belknap in anticipation of joining Johnston in Utah to subjugate rebellious Mormons. Their orders were rescinded and they formed a striking force. During this period, the regiment fought in some forty engagements against the Apaches, Bannocks, Cheyennes, Comanches, Kiowas, Utes and other tribes along with Mexican banditos. Early in 1861, the regiment went to Carlisle Barracks, where the officers, lieutenant Colonel Robert E. Lee was replaced by Lt. Col. George Henry Thomas. The regiment was rebuilt with new officers and recruits loyal to the Union and was assigned to the Army of the Potomac under the command of General George McClellan. On 21 July 1861, the regiment participated in its first battle of the American Civil War, the 5th Cavalrys most notable action came at Gaines Mills, when the regiment charged a Confederate division under command of a former comrade, General John Bell Hood. The regiment suffered casualties in the battle, but their attack saved the Union artillery from annihilation
9.
8th Cavalry Regiment
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The Eighth Cavalry Regiment is a regiment of the United States Army established in 1866 during the Indian Wars. It is currently a component of the 1st Cavalry Division and it became a mechanized force in the 1970s. It has been brigaded or otherwise attached to various larger temporary, as one of the two on-call heavy contingency force divisions of the Army, the First Team has an on-order mission to deploy by sea, air or land to any part of the world on a short notice. The 8th Cavalry Regiment was constituted 28 July 1866 and was organized as a regiment on 21 September 1866 at Camp Reynolds, Angel Island, many desertions followed, the number reaching 41% by the end of 1867. The officers assigned to the regiment were all veterans of the Civil War, John Irvin Gregg was its first colonel, with Thomas Devin as lieutenant colonel, both had been generals of volunteers and commanded cavalry divisions during the war. The Eighth Cavalry would serve on the frontier throughout the late 19th century, the 8th was actively engaged in trying to control various Native American tribes and bands in Nevada, Oregon, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas in the Indian Wars between 1867 and 1888. Two years after the capture of Geronimo, they were transferred to South Dakota, Montana, from December 1867 to January 1868, the headquarters was moved from Camp Whipple, AZ, to Churchill Barracks, NV. In May, headquarters was moved to Camp Halleck, Nevada, where it remained till 5 May 1870, when it was again moved to Fort Union, New Mexico. The several troops took stations at Fort Union, Fort Craig, Fort Selden, Fort Wingate, Fort Bascom, and Fort Stanton, in New Mexico, and Fort Garland, in the Colorado Territory. The duties during this period were of almost continuous service by troops or detachments, scouting for Apaches and Navajo, furnishing guards. Their primary mission was to protect the settlers and travelers of the Mesilla Valley and San Augustin Pass from the Mescalero Apaches, the location of the fort was an ancient Indian campground and a crossing point for Spanish caravans headed across the Jornada del Muerto. A campaign was organized to enter the Llano Estacado, the Staked Plains area of the Texas Panhandle, the regiment remained in New Mexico performing the same duties until July,1875, when it marched to Texas. The 8th periodically was engaged in the Apache Wars in southern New Mexico, on 19 December 1885 an officer and 4 enlisted men were killed by Apaches near Alma, New Mexico. In May 1888, the regiment prepared for the longest march ever taken by a cavalry regiment. Some of its march was along the famous Santa Fe Trail in New Mexico, near which carvings on large boulders and their duties were varied and included protection of American citizens and their property. In 1905, the regiment was ordered to the Philippines with the assignment of defending the islands from guerrilla activity, in addition, they patrolled supply and communications lines and sources of water on the islands of Luzon and Jolo. The Regiment returned to the United States briefly in 1907, but in 1910 and this time the troopers fought the rebellious tribesmen on the island of Mindanao and in the Sulu Archipelago. In the battle of Bansak Mountain in June 1913, a total of 51 members of the 8th Cavalrys Troop H joined other soldiers in a violent battle with hundreds of Moro warriors on Jolo
10.
9th Cavalry Regiment (United States)
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The 9th Cavalry Regiment includes several active duty reconnaissance troops, squadrons and battalions of the United States Army. Historically, it was one of a few segregated African American regiments, the unit served in combat during the Indian and Spanish American Wars. The regiment was constituted 21 July 1866 in the Regular Army as Company d, the regiment was organized on 21 September 1866 in New Orleans, Louisiana, and mustered between September 1866 and 31 March 1867. Its first commanding officer was Colonel Edward Hatch, the men enlisted for five years and received $13 per month, plus room, board and clothing. Later, they were dubbed Buffalo Soldiers, the regiments motto was, and remains, We Can, We Will. The mustering, organized by Maj. Francis Moore, 65th U. S, colored Infantry, formed the nucleus of the enlisted strength, and was obtained from New Orleans and its vicinity. In the autumn of 1866 recruiting began in Kentucky, and all the men of the 9th were obtained from that state, the horses were obtained at St. Louis, Missouri. About the middle of September all recruits were assembled in New Orleans, an epidemic of cholera caused the camp to be moved to Carrollton, a suburb of New Orleans. However, Troops L and M went directly to their duty station at Brownsville, in July 1867 the 9th Cavalry was ordered to western and southwestern Texas, to maintain law and order between the Rio Grande and Concho Rivers from Fort Clark to El Paso. Regimental Headquarters and Troops A, B, E and K, under Col. Hatch, were stationed at Fort Stockton, Troops C, D, F, G, H and I, Troops L and M under 1st Lt. Hamilton had previously been sent to Brownsville. The 9th remained in Texas for eight years, nearly all of it in the field, the regiment went to New Mexico Military District, which covered parts of New Mexico, Colorado and Texas, and participated in the Apache Wars from 1875 to 1881. That service included the Battle of Tularosa with Chiricahua Apache warriors led by Victorio in May 1880, the 9th Cavalry was transferred to Fort Riley, Kansas, in 1881, and to Fort Robinson, Nebraska, in 1885. On 5 November 1887, Company H, of the 9th Cavalry fought at the Battle of Crow Agency during the Crow War, at Crow Agency, Montana. In 1898, the 9th US Cavalry Regiment fought alongside Theodore Roosevelts Rough Riders at the battles of Kettle Hill, later, they served as his honor guard during his visit to San Francisco. In 1899 and again in 1904, the 9th Cavalry patrolled Yosemite National Park joining other cavalry and infantry as the first rangers of the park system, under General John J. Pershing, the regiment fought in the Punitive Expedition against Pancho Villa in Mexico in 1916. The regiment spent World War I in the Philippines, from 3 April 1921 to 11 October 1922, Brigadier general Edward Anderson commanded the regiment. On 1 March 1933, the 9th Cavalry was assigned to the 3rd Cavalry Division, on 23 March 1907, the United States Military Academy Detachment of Cavalry was changed to a colored unit. This had been a long time coming, the one hundred man detachment from the 9th Cavalry served to teach future officers at West Point riding instruction, mounted drill and cavalry tactics until 1947
11.
10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)
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The 10th Cavalry Regiment is a unit of the United States Army. Formed as a segregated African-American unit, the 10th Cavalry was one of the original Buffalo Soldier regiments in the post-Civil War Regular Army and it served in combat during the Indian Wars in the western United States, the Spanish–American War in Cuba and in the Philippine–American War. The regiment was trained as a unit but later relegated to non-combat duty. The 10th Cavalry was reactivated as a combat unit in 1958. Portions of the regiment have served in conflicts ranging from the Vietnam War to Operation Enduring Freedom, the current structure is by squadron, but with the 1st and 7th Squadrons recently deactivated, the 4th Squadron is the only 10th Cavalry Regiment unit in active service. It is assigned to the 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team of the U. S. 4th Infantry Division at Ft Carson, the following story is one of many how the Buffalo Soldiers got their name. In September 1867, Private John Randall of Troop G of the 10th Cavalry Regiment was assigned to escort two civilians on a hunting trip, a band of 70 Cheyenne warriors swept down on them. The two civilians quickly fell in the attack and Randalls horse was shot out from beneath him. Randall scrambled to safety behind a washout under the railroad tracks, the Indians quickly retreated, leaving behind 13 dead warriors. Private Randall suffered a wound to his shoulder and 11 lance wounds. Crest, On a wreath of the colors Or and Sable an American bison statant guardant Proper, description, A gold color metal and enamel device 1 inch blazoned, On an heraldic wreath Or and Sable, a buffalo statant Proper. On a scroll of the second fimbriated of the first the motto READY AND FORWARD of the like, symbolism, Black and gold have long been used as the regimental colors. The buffalo has likewise been the emblem of the regiment for many years having its origin in the term Buffalo soldiers applied by the Indians to colored regiments, the distinctive unit insignia is worn in pairs. Background, The distinctive unit insignia was approved on 13 March 1922. It was amended 6 December 1923 to change the wording in the description, on 19 March 1951 the insignia was re-designated for the 510th Tank Battalion. The distinctive unit insignia was re-designated for the 10th Cavalry on 12 May 1959, the current version was re-affirmed on 22 August 1991. The 10th Cavalry Coat of arms was first confirmed on 11 February 1911 at Fort Ethan Allen in Vermont as General Orders No.1 by order of Colonel Thaddeus W. Jones. The 1911 description of the Arms is different from that used today, there was no symbolic explanations or reasons given for the basic symbols of the Regimental Arms in 1911 or when the arms were re-affirmed on 22 August 1991
12.
Fort Huachuca
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Fort Huachuca is a United States Army installation, established 3 March 1877 as Camp Huachuca. The garrison is now under the command of the United States Army Installation Management Command. It is located in Cochise County, in southeast Arizona, about 15 miles north of the border with Mexico and at the end of the Huachuca Mountains. From 1913 to 1933 the fort was the base for the Buffalo Soldiers of the 10th Cavalry Regiment, during the buildup of World War II, the fort had quarters for more than 25,000 male soldiers and hundreds of WACs. In the 2010 census, Fort Huachuca had a population of about 6,500 active duty soldiers,7,400 military family members and 5,000 civilian employees. Fort Huachuca has over 18,000 people on post during the working hours of 0700 and 1600 on week days. The major units are the United States Army Network Enterprise Technology Command, Libby Army Airfield is on post and shares its runway with Sierra Vista Municipal Airport. It was a landing location for the space shuttle. Fort Huachuca is also the headquarters of Army Military Auxiliary Radio System, other units include the Joint Interoperability Test Command, the Information Systems Engineering Command and the Electronic Proving Ground. The fort has a radar-equipped aerostat, one of a series maintained for the Drug Enforcement Administration by Harris Corporation, the aerostat is northeast of Garden Canyon and supports the DEA drug interdiction mission by detecting low-flying aircraft attempting to enter the United States from Mexico. Fort Huachuca contains the Western Division of the Advanced Airlift Tactics Training Center which is based at the 139th Airlift Wing, Rosecrans Air National Guard Base, Saint Joseph, Missouri. Sierra Vista, which annexed the post in 1971, is located south and east of the post, the installation was founded to counter the Chiricahua Apache threat and secure the border with Mexico. On 3 March 1877, Captain Samuel Marmaduke Whitside led two companies of the 6th Cavalry and chose a site at the base of the Huachuca Mountains that provided sheltering hills, in 1882, Camp Huachuca was redesignated a fort. General Nelson A. Miles controlled Fort Huachuca as his headquarters, after the surrender of Geronimo in 1886, the Apache threat was essentially extinguished, but the army continued to operate Fort Huachuca because of its strategic border position. In 1913, the became the base for the Buffalo Soldiers, the 10th Cavalry Regiment. It served this purpose for twenty years, during General Pershings failed Punitive Expedition of 1916–1917, he used the fort as a forward logistics and supply base. From 1916–1917, the base was commanded by Charles Young, the first African American to be promoted to colonel and he left because of medical reasons. In 1933, the 25th Infantry Regiment replaced the 10th Cavalry at the fort, with the build-up during World War II, the fort had an area of 71,253 acres, with quarters for 1,251 officers and 24,437 enlisted soldiers
13.
Fort Riley
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Fort Riley is a United States Army installation located in North Central Kansas, on the Kansas River, also known as the Kaw, between Junction City and Manhattan. The Fort Riley Military Reservation covers 101,733 acres in Geary, the portion of the fort that contains housing development is part of the Fort Riley census-designated place, with a residential population of 7,761 as of the 2010 census. The fort has a population of nearly 25,000. Fort Riley is named in honor of Major General Bennett C, Riley who led the first military escort along the Santa Fe Trail. The fort was established in 1853 as a military post to protect the movement of people and trade over the Oregon, California, in the years after the Civil War, Fort Riley served as a major United States Cavalry post and school for cavalry tactics and practice. The post was a base for skirmishes with Native Americans after the Civil War ended in 1865, in 1887, Fort Riley became the site of the United States Cavalry School. The famous all-black 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments, the soldiers of which were called Buffalo Soldiers, were stationed at Fort Riley at various times in the 19th, since the end of World War II, various infantry divisions have been assigned there. Most notably, from 1955–1996 the post was home to the famed Big Red One, between 1999–2006, the post was headquarters to the 24th Infantry Division and known as Americas Warfighting Center. In August 2006, the Big Red One relocated its headquarters to Fort Riley from Leighton Barracks, Germany. Camp Whitside is named in honor of Brigadier General Samuel M. Whitside, Army Garrison Partners 10th Air Support Operations Squadron, USAF 407th Army Field Support Brigade 902nd Military Intelligence Group Det. During the 1850s, a number of posts were established at strategic points to provide protection along these arteries of emigration. In the fall of 1852, a party under the command of Captain Robert Chilton, 1st U. S. Dragoons, selected the junction of the Republican. This location, approved by the War Department in January 1853, offered a location from which to organize, train. Surveyors believed the location near the center of the United States and named the site, during the late spring, three companies of the 6th Infantry occupied the camp and began construction of temporary quarters. On June 27,1853, Camp Center became Fort Riley—named in honor of Maj. Gen. Bennett C, Riley who had led the first military escort along the Santa Fe Trail in 1829. The fort took shape around a plain that overlooked the Kansas River valley. The forts design followed the frontier post configuration, buildings were constructed of the most readily available material - in this case. In the spring, troops were dispatched to escort mail trains, at the fort, additional buildings were constructed under the supervision of Capt
14.
Kansas
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Kansas /ˈkænzəs/ is a U. S. state located in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita, Kansas is named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribes name is said to mean people of the wind or people of the south wind. For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous, tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison. When it was opened to settlement by the U. S. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided. The abolitionists eventually prevailed, and on January 29,1861, after the Civil War, the population of Kansas grew rapidly when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into farmland. By 2015, Kansas was one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, corn, sorghum, and soybeans. Kansas, which has an area of 82,278 square miles is the 15th largest state by area and is the 34th most populous of the 50 United States with a population of 2,911,641, residents of Kansas are called Kansans, officially. Mount Sunflower is Kansass highest point at 4,041 feet, for a millennia, the land that is currently Kansas was inhabited by Native Americans. The first European to set foot in present-day Kansas was Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, in 1803, most of modern Kansas was secured by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Southwest Kansas, however, was still a part of Spain, Mexico, from 1812 to 1821, Kansas was part of the Missouri Territory. The Santa Fe Trail traversed Kansas from 1821 to 1880, transporting manufactured goods from Missouri and silver and furs from Santa Fe, wagon ruts from the trail are still visible in the prairie today. In 1827, Fort Leavenworth became the first permanent settlement of white Americans in the future state, the Kansas–Nebraska Act became law on May 30,1854, establishing the U. S. territories of Nebraska and Kansas, and opening the area to broader settlement by whites. Kansas Territory stretched all the way to the Continental Divide and included the sites of present-day Denver, Colorado Springs, Missouri and Arkansas sent settlers into Kansas all along its eastern border. These settlers attempted to sway votes in favor of slavery, the secondary settlement of Americans in Kansas Territory were abolitionists from Massachusetts and other Free-Staters, who attempted to stop the spread of slavery from neighboring Missouri. Directly presaging the American Civil War, these forces collided, entering into skirmishes that earned the territory the name of Bleeding Kansas, Kansas was admitted to the United States as a free state on January 29,1861, making it the 34th state to enter the Union. He was roundly condemned by both the conventional Confederate military and the partisan rangers commissioned by the Missouri legislature and his application to that body for a commission was flatly rejected due to his pre-war criminal record
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12th Cavalry Regiment
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The 12th Cavalry is a cavalry regiment of the United States Army. On 2 February 1901, Congress authorized the organization of the Twelfth Regiment of Cavalry, under this authority, the regiment was formed at Fort Sam Houston, Texas on 8 February 1901. From 1901 until 1911, the regiment served posts in Texas, Georgia, during World War II the 12th Cavalry served as an infantry regiment within the 1st Cavalry Division. The 2nd Battalion, Twelfth Cavalry Regiment, as well as 2/7CAV and 1/9CAV moved to the 4th Brigade of the 1st Cavalry Division. 4th Long Knife Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division cased its colors in an inactivation ceremony Thursday,17 Oct.2013, at Fort Hoods Cooper Field. The 1st Battalion, Twelfth Cavalry Regiment, 2/7CAV, and 3/8CAV now operate at Fort Hood, Texas, the regiment returned to Texas to conduct border patrol duty in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. There the 1st Squadron engaged small detachments of raiding bandits until 22 February 1916, the 1st Squadron then reported for duty to Corozal in the Panama Canal Zone. The squadron remained in Corozal until 1921 when the regiment was reorganized during the following the First World War. On 3 January 1933 the Twelfth Cavalry was assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division, the unit was reorganized as an infantry regiment in preparation for overseas service. The Twelfth Cavalry arrived in Australia on 26 July 1943 and began six months of jungle, the Regiments first assault in the Pacific War came on 29 February 1944 when her soldiers assaulted the Los Negros Islands in the Admiralty Islands, north of New Guinea. The Twelfth Cavalry was assigned to the Leyte-Samar Campaign and helped liberate those islands from Japanese control in spite of stubborn resistance, after World War II, the Twelfth Cavalry settled in for occupation duty in Japan and was inactivated on 29 March 1949. The Twelfth Cavalry was reactivated on 15 February 1957 as part of the 1st Armored Division at Fort Polk, the 1st Squadron was designated 1st Reconnaissance Squadron. The Twelfth was again inactivated on 3 February 1962, on 1 September 1963 the squadron was redesignated the First Battalion and reactivated and assigned to the First Cavalry Division in Korea. In June 1965, the colors were returned to Fort Benning, Georgia and assigned to a battalion of the 11th Air Assault Division. Significant during the battalions TRICAP period in 1972, it participated in a removal of unexploded ordnance in the impact area of Ft. LTC Kelley commanded the battalion at this time. On 15 June 1983, the 1st Battalion was relieved of its assignment to the First Cavalry Division and was inactivated at Fort Hood, three years later, on 4 October 1986, the battalion was reactivated as the 1st Squadron at Fort Knox, Kentucky. There, the squadron assumed the mission of training new armor soldiers, on 16 December 1992 the Squadron was redesignated the First Battalion and moved to Fort Hood, Texas. As of May 2002, the 1st Battalion, 12th Cavalry transitioned to the M1A2 SEP tank – the first unit in the 1st Cavalry Division to do so
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13th Cavalry Regiment
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The 13th Cavalry Regiment is a unit of the United States Army. The 1st and 2nd Squadrons are currently stationed at Fort Bliss, the regiment was constituted 2 February 1901 in the Regular Army as Troop K, 13th Cavalry. The regiment was organized on 26 July 1901 in Fort Meade, the first task of the regiment was in the Philippines from 1903 to 1905 and from 1909 to 1910 where they engaged rebels as part of the Philippine–American War. The 13th Cavalry was transferred to Fort Riley, Kansas, in 1911, on 30 August 1915 the 13th Cavalry was part of a posse that killed Pascual Orozco. On 9 March 1916, the 13th Cavalry was in Columbus, New Mexico, eight soldiers and ten civilians were killed. Under General John J. Pershing, the regiment fought in the Mexican Expedition from 1916 to 1917, on 12 April 1916, about 100 men of the 13th Cavalry engaged Mexican federal troops in the Battle of Parral. During the fighting, two Americans were killed and six others were wounded, however, they defeated the Mexicans, killing at least a dozen of them or possibly many more. The 13th Cavalry remained ready near the Mexican border until 1921, in 1936, the 13th Cavalry became a part of the 7th Cavalry Brigade, formed officially in 1940. The 13th Cavalry was re-formed 15 July 1940 as the 13th Armored Regiment under the 1st Armored Division, on 8 November 1942, the 13th Armored regiment, combined under Combat Command B, landed in Oran, Algeria to augment fighting in North Africa. From 1946 to September 1947, the 13th Armored regiment was a part of the US Constabulary in Germany and it became inactive in Coburg, West Germany, on 20 September 1947. In 1951 the 13th Tank Battalion was reactivated with the 1st Armored Division at Fort Hood and it remained with the division throughout the 50s and 60s until 1971, when it became part of the 1st Cavalry Division for 3 years. On 20 June 1974, 13th Tank rejoined the 1st Armored Division at Illesheim, Germany until 20 February 1987, 13th Tank remained here until 1988, when it was inactivated and re-designated to 2nd Battaion, 13th Armor at Fort Knox, Kentucky. From 1996–2008, the 3rd Brigade Combat Team of the 1st Armored Division was stationed at Fort Riley, lieutenant Colonel Richard G. Jung Sr. commanded the Dakota battalion from 1996–98, honoring the regiments history with the battalion name and call sign. Called 13th Tank by those who served in the unit, 1-13 AR was one of two battalions in the Bulldog Brigade. The company operated near the Bosnian-Serbian towns of Sekovici, Bratunac, a/1-13 AR consisted of 2 M1A1 tank platoons and 1 M2A2 Bradley platoon. Ironhorse company returned to the 1st Battalion, 13th Armored Regiment in December,1997 upon redeployment to Fort Riley at the completion of their mission. In February 2003 the 3rd BCT began deploying units to Kuwait for the anticipated Invasion of Iraq. As the US led invasion began, the 2-70 Armor and 1-41 Infantry Battalions, as part of the 3rd BCT, the 1st Battalion, 13th Armor Regiment, began deployment to Iraq 1 April 2003 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom
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7th Field Artillery Regiment
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The 7th Field Artillery Regiment is a United States Army field artillery regiment, whose lineage traces back to the early 20th century. Note that the lineage of the 7th Regiment of Artillery constituted 8 March 1898 is carried by the 7th Air Defense Artillery Regiment, the regiment was constituted on 1 July 1916 in the Regular Army as the 7th Field Artillery. It was organized on 15 July 1916 at Fort Sam Houston, after fighting across North Africa, the regiment participated in 1st Infantry Divisions assault of Omaha Beach. On 20 January 1964 the unit was redesignated the 1st Battalion, 7th Artillery, the redesignation included a new design for the units distinctive unit insignia to an artillery red square shield divided by a silver band running from the top right corner to the bottom left corner. In the upper division of the shield appears three silver crescent moons, while the lower division holds seven silver crosslets alluding to the designation of the battalion. The primary charge of the shield however is the three large artillery red arrow heads or pheons that rest upon the silver band and it is from these three pheons that the nickname for the battalion the Pheons is derived. The units motto was shortened to Nunquam Fractum written in silver on a red scroll beneath the shield. The unit would carry this designation throughout its tour of Vietnam from 25 June 1965, on 23 June 1965, Private First Class Gerold Worster arrived by plane in Saigon, in the Republic of Vietnam. Not only was Gerold the first soldier from the 1st Infantry Division, known as the Big Red One, even as he climbed from the plane, his comrades were loading aboard the USNS General W. H. Gordon for the trip to Vietnam. On 12 July, Charlie Battery of the 1st Battalion, 7th Artillery made landfall at Cam Ranh Bay, part of a taskforce with the 1st Battalion, 18th Infantry, 1st Infantry Division. This force was the first tactical US Army unit to be deployed in the Republic of Vietnam directly from the continental United States, after returning from Vietnam in March 1970, the 7th Artillery was redesignated the 7th Field Artillery once again on 1 September 1971. The motto Nunquam Fractum was replaced with Nunquam Aerumna Nec Proelio Fractum, during its Vietnam tour the 105mm howitzers of the 1st Battalion, 7th Artillery fired more than 1,250.000 rounds in its 55 continuous months of combat while earning 11 new battle honors. With the change of the insignia and the loss of the pheons from the shield. Although the unit itself was not activated for duty as a whole. The 3rd Battalion, 7th Field Artillery 3rd Brigade Combat Team, the unit was headquartered at Kandahar Airfield and provided indirect fire, close combat air control, and fire support for the Bronco Brigade and throughout Afghanistan during the 12-month rotation. During this deployment, Bravo Battery was recorded as having shot the first artillery round against an enemy for the 25th ID since Vietnam. 1st Battalion, 7th Field Artillery Regiment was relieved from assignment to the 25th Infantry Division and assigned to the 2nd Brigade Combat Team, on 5 August 2006 3–7 FA deployed from Schofield Barracks, Hawaii to the Province of Kirkuk in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. The unit conducted a traditional counter-fire mission and also served as a maneuver taskforce conducting infantry-type missions, the use of 3–7 FA as a maneuver asset instead of a direct support field artillery battalion was a result of the implementation of the counter insurgency doctrine in Iraq
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Quartermaster Corps (United States Army)
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The United States Army Quartermaster Corps is a Sustainment, formerly combat service support, branch of the United States Army. It is also one of three U. S. Army logistics branches, the others being the Transportation Corps and the Ordnance Corps, the officer in charge of the branch for doctrine, training, and professional development purposes is the Quartermaster General. The current Quartermaster General is Brigadier General Rodney D. Fogg, the Quartermaster Corps is the U. S. Armys oldest logistics branch, established 16 June 1775. On that date, the Second Continental Congress passed a resolution providing for one Quartermaster General of the grand army, from 1775 to 1912, this organization was known as the Quartermaster Department. In 1912, Congress consolidated the former Subsistence, Pay, Quartermaster units and soldiers have served in every U. S. military operation from the Revolutionary War to current operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. The Regimental Insignia was authorized in 1986 and revised in 1994 to the current insignia, attached below the device is a gold scroll inscribed SUPPORTING VICTORY in black. The original regimental insignia was all gold and approved on 31 March 1986, the design was changed on 7 June 1994 to add color to the insignia. The Regimental DUI is worn on the Soldiers right side above the name tag, the Branch Insignia was approved in its present form in 1913. The sword is characteristic of military forces and symbolized the Quartermaster Corps control of military supplies, the key is representative of the Corps traditional storekeeping function. The wheel is styled after a wheel and represents transportation. The wheel has thirteen spokes, a red and white hub, the thirteen stars and spokes of the wheel represent the original colonies and the origin of the Corps which occurred during the Revolutionary War. The gilt eagle is the bird and is symbolic of our nation. The colors red, white and blue are the national colors, the Branch Insignia is worn on the lapel of the Army Service Uniform, singly on a brass disk for Enlisted personnel and in pairs for Officers. S. Army Remount Service horses/war dogs military heraldry Quartermaster detachments, companies, Quartermaster organizations include field service, general supply, petroleum supply and petroleum pipeline, aerial delivery, water, and mortuary affairs units. Most are company level except petroleum and water, which has battalion, there is one Bulk petroleum Company on Active Duty. The current Quartermaster General is Brigadier General Rodney D. Fogg and this school provides enlisted advanced individual training and leader training for Quartermaster officers, warrant officers and non-commissioned officers. For a list of US Army Quartermaster Generals, see Quartermaster General, the Quartermaster Corps provides a host of vital services to the U. S. Army. But, because jobs are often not glamorous, very little is mentioned about Quartermaster soldiers in the mainstream media
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22nd Cavalry Division (United States)
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The National Guards 22nd Cavalry Division was created from the perceived need for additional cavalry units. It numbered in succession after the Regular Army Divisions, which were not all active at its creation, going into World War II, the US Army Cavalry contained 3 Regular,4 National Guard, and 6 Organized Reserve cavalry divisions as well as 1 independent cavalry brigade. The division was composed of personnel from the Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia, formations of the United States Army Coats of arms of U. S. Armor and Cavalry Regiments United States Army branch insignia U. S. Army Order of Battle 1919–1941, Volume 2
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23rd Cavalry Division (United States)
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The National Guards 23rd Cavalry Division was created from the perceived need for additional cavalry units. It numbered in succession of the Regular Army Divisions, which were not all active at its creation, going into World War 2, the US Army Cavalry was contained 3 Regular,4 National Guard, and 6 Organized Reserve cavalry divisions as well as 1 independent cavalry brigade. The division was composed of personnel from the Alabama, Massachusetts, New Mexico, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, formations of the United States Army Coats of arms of U. S. Armor and Cavalry Regiments United States Army branch insignia U. S. Army Order of Battle 1919–1941, Volume 2
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24th Cavalry Division (United States)
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The United States Army National Guards 24th Cavalry Division was created from the perceived need for additional cavalry units. It numbered in succession of the Regular Army Divisions, which were not all active at its creation, going into World War 2, the US Army Cavalry was contained 3 Regular,4 National Guard, and 6 Organized Reserve cavalry divisions as well as one independent cavalry brigade. The 24th Cavalry Division was geographically dispersed across the United States, the division was composed of personnel from the Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming National Guards. S. Armor and Cavalry Regiments Coats of arms of U. S, artillery Regiments United States Army branch insignia Colorado. National Guard of the State of Colorado, Pictorial 1939 Review, OCLC17158522 Provided a detachment to the 24th Cavalry Division. U. S. Army Order of Battle 1919–1941, Volume 2, wilson, Center of Military History, Washington D. C.1998 Cavalry Regiments of the U S Army by James A. Sawicki Wyvern Pubns, June 1985 Formations of the United States Army
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61st Cavalry Division (United States)
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The Organized Reserves 61st Cavalry Division was constituted 15 October 1921 from the perceived need for additional cavalry units after World War I. It numbered in succession of the Regular Army Divisions, which were not all active at its creation, the Division was officially disbanded on 30 January 1942 although most of its personnel had been reassigned in 1941. The unit was nicknamed The Foragers, the 61st Cavalry Division was headquartered in New York City. The Division was composed of personnel from New York and New Jersey, the Division Headquarters was initially located in Rochester, New York but moved to New York City in 1922. From April 15,1937 to June 1939, he commanded the 152nd Cavalry Brigade, united States Army branch insignia Coats of arms of U. S. Armor and Cavalry Regiments U. S. Army Order of Battle 1919–1941, Volume 2
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62nd Cavalry Division (United States)
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The Army Reserves 62nd Cavalry Division was created from the perceived need for additional cavalry units. It numbered in succession of the Regular Army Divisions, which were not all active at its creation, going into World War 2, the US Army Cavalry was contained 3 Regular,4 National Guard, and 6 Organized Reserve cavalry divisions as well as 1 independent cavalry brigade. The division was composed of personnel from Maryland, Virginia, Washington DC, united States Army branch insignia Coats of arms of U. S. Armor and Cavalry Regiments U. S. Army Order of Battle 1919–1941, Volume 2
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63rd Cavalry Division (United States)
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The US Armys 63rd Cavalry Division, Organized Reserve, was created from the perceived need for additional cavalry units. It numbered in succession of the Regular Army Divisions, which were not all active at its creation, the 63rd Cavalry Division was located in the Mid-Atlantic United States. The division was composed of personnel from Tennessee, Louisiana, Georgia, North Carolina, Texas, Oklahoma, armor and Cavalry Regiments U. S. Army Order of Battle 1919–1941, Volume 2
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64th Cavalry Division (United States)
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The 64th Cavalry Division of the United States Army Organized Reserve was created from the perceived need for additional cavalry units. It numbered in succession of the Regular Army Divisions, which were not all active at its creation, the 64th Cavalry Division was dispersed across the United States. The division was composed of personnel from Kentucky, Massachusetts, Vermont, armor and Cavalry Regiments U. S. Army Order of Battle 1919–1941, Volume 2. Wilson, Center of Military History, Washington D. C.1998 Cavalry Regiments of the U S Army by James A. Sawicki Wyvern Pubns, June 1985
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65th Cavalry Division (United States)
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The Army Reserves 65th Cavalry Division was created due to the perceived need for additional cavalry units. It was numbered in succession with the Regular Army Divisions, not all of which were active at its creation, the 65th Cavalry Division was organized in the Mid-Western United States. The division was composed of personnel from Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. S, armor and Cavalry Regiments Formations of the United States Army U. S. Army Order of Battle 1919–1941, Volume 2. Wilson, Center of Military History, Washington D. C.1998 Cavalry Regiments of the U S Army by James A. Sawicki Wyvern Pubns, June 1985
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15th Sustainment Brigade
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The 15th Sustainment Brigade was a sustainment brigade of the United States Army based at Fort Bliss, Texas. It provided logistics support to units of the United States Army. The brigades lineage dates back to 1919, and it had a long, having seen service in every major conflict of the 20th century in support of its parent division, the unit was not designated as the 15th Sustainment Brigade permanently until 2005. In February 2008, the brigade was reassigned to the 13th Sustainment Command, the 15th Sustainment Brigades extensive lineage also carries many honors for the unit. What is now the 15th Sustainment Brigade, and its previous incarnations, have earned 17 campaign streamers, as well as numerous awards and these decorations include the Presidential Unit Citation, the Valorous Unit Award, and five Meritorious Unit Commendations. The 15th Sustainment Brigade was permanently attached to the 1st Cavalry Division, currently, it falls under the organization of the 1st Armored Division, having relocated as part of the Base Realignment and Closure 2005. This assignment allows the maximum flexibility when deployed, as it can provide any support function needed. The unit has two permanently assigned battalions along with its Headquarters and Headquarters Company and they consist of the 15th Special Troops Battalion, and the 142nd Combat Sustainment Support Battalion which are also headquartered at Fort Bliss, Texas. 72nd Brigade Support Battalion inactivated in November 2014, in conjunction with inactivation of 212th Fires Brigade in July 2014, the brigade command is modular in design, allowing it to assume command of additional units when deployed. The command is preparing for deployment to Southwest Asia in 2015, the 15th Sustainment Brigade was originally constituted on 4 May 1966 in the Regular Army as a Headquarters and Headquarters Company. It was first activated on 1 July 1966, on 20 October 1967, the Brigade was inactivated after providing support to units in Vietnam, only to be reactivated on 21 September 1968 at Fort Lewis, Washington. The Brigade later inactivated at Fort Lewis on 21 March 1973 having received campaign credits for its support for Counteroffensive Operations in Vietnam, as mentioned above, the 15th Sustainment Brigade replaced the Division Support Command of the 1st Cavalry Division. The history of the organization can be traced back to 1919 when one of its present units, the Division Support Command thus predated the 1st Cavalry Division itself, which was not established until 1921. These included the service and support elements of the division, after World War II, however, the Special Troops Headquarters was reorganized into Headquarters, Division Trains. This designation immediately predates the Division Support Command designation, the division trains were activated 1 November 1957 in Korea. Although a new organization, 1st Cavalry Divisions Division Trains employed concepts, the units first major operation was the Pleiku Campaign. During this action, the supported the division during 35 days of continuous airmobile operations. For most of 1967 and early 1968, the supported the 1st Cavalry Division through Operation Pershing
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United States Army branch insignia
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Army branch insignia is similar to the line officer and staff corps officer devices of the United States Navy as well as to the Navy enlisted rating badges. The Medical, Nurse, Dental, Veterinary, Medical Service, Medical Specialist, Chaplains, the first use of Army branch insignia was just prior to the American Civil War in 1858 for use on the black felt hat. General officers wore dark blue epaulets, by the start of the 20th century, Army personnel began wearing various branch insignia on the stand-up collars of the Army dress uniform. Branch insignia was worn by officers on the wool uniform shirt when worn as outerwear. Enlisted soldiers wore a version enclosed in a disk while officers wore a full sized version not enclosed. This has continued to the modern age, for Air Defense Artillery and Aviation, the number is mounted on the center of the face. For Infantry, Cavalry, Special Forces and Field Artillery, the number is placed immediately above, but not covering, for Armor, the number is placed immediately above the tank. Certain special assignment insignia is worn in place of branch insignia to denote the officers or NCOs particular responsibility, the enlisted versions of these are borne on a golden disk in the same manner as their customary branch device. Officers so assigned continue to wear their branch colors on the epaulets of the blue Army Service Uniform. Officers and NCOs serving a term in an Inspector General billet wear Inspector General insignia, officers assigned to general staff billets wear General Staff insignia. Officers assigned as aides-de-camp wear aide-de-camp insignia which denotes the rank of the officer or official whom they serve, the sergeant major assigned as the Sergeant Major of the Army wears unique insignia based upon that of an aide-de-camp to the Army Chief of Staff. If the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman is selected from the Army, likewise, they wore brown as a branch color no matter their basic specialty. In 2004, warrant officers adopted the insignia and colors of the corresponding to their specialty. Aside from Army custom, the Army Chief of Staff, former Chiefs of Staff, all other general officers may wear branch insignia at their option. If they choose this option, general officers wear the branch insignia for the position to which they are appointed. Army custom is that general officers wear no insignia, as they deal with echelons far above the basic branch level. Exceptions, however exist, as with the commandants of the various branches retain the respective insignia, military Academy wears the Professor, USMA insignia. The 21st century Army displays branch insignia on the blue Army Service Uniform coats, Branch insignia was also similarly worn on rarely seen Army White uniform coat prior to that uniform being declared obsolete and unauthorized in 2006
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Division (military)
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A division is a large military unit or formation, usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. Infantry divisions during the World Wars ranged between 10,000 and 30,000 in nominal strength, in most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, in turn, several divisions typically make up a corps. In the West, the first general to think of organising an army into smaller units was Maurice de Saxe, Marshal General of France. He died at the age of 54, without having implemented his idea, victor-François de Broglie put the ideas into practice. He conducted successful practical experiments of the system in the Seven Years War. The first war in which the system was used systematically was the French Revolutionary War. It made the more flexible and easy to manoeuvre. Under Napoleon, the divisions were grouped together into corps, because of their increasing size, napoleons military success spread the divisional and corps system all over Europe, by the end of the Napoleonic Wars, all armies in Europe had adopted it. In modern times, most military forces have standardized their divisional structures, the peak use of the division as the primary combat unit occurred during World War II, when the belligerents deployed over a thousand divisions. With technological advances since then, the power of each division has increased. Divisions are often formed to organize units of a particular type together with support units to allow independent operations. In more recent times, divisions have mainly been organized as combined arms units with subordinate units representing various combat arms, in this case, the division often retains the name of a more specialized division, and may still be tasked with a primary role suited to that specialization. For the most part, large cavalry units did not remain after World War II, in general, two new types of cavalry were developed, air cavalry or airmobile, relying on helicopter mobility, and armored cavalry, based on an autonomous armored formation. The former was pioneered by the 11th Air Assault Division, formed on 1 February 1963 at Fort Benning, on 29 June 1965 the division was renamed as the 1st Cavalry Division, before its departure for the Vietnam War. After the end of the Vietnam War, the 1st Cavalry Division was reorganised and re-equipped with tanks, the development of the tank during World War I prompted some nations to experiment with forming them into division-size units. Many did this the way as they did cavalry divisions, by merely replacing cavalry with AFVs. This proved unwieldy in combat, as the units had many tanks, instead, a more balanced approach was taken by adjusting the number of tank, infantry, artillery, and support units. A panzer division was a division of the Wehrmacht and the Waffen-SS of Germany during World War II
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United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
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11th Airborne Division (United States)
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The 11th Airborne Division was a United States Army airborne formation, first activated on 25 February 1943, during World War II. Consisting of one parachute and two infantry regiments, with supporting troops, the division underwent rigorous training throughout 1943. Held in reserve in the United States for the first half of 1944, upon arrival it entered a period of intense training and acclimatization, and by November was judged combat-ready. The 11th Airborne saw its first action on the island of Leyte in the Philippines, in January 1945 the division took part in the invasion of Luzon. The two glider infantry regiments again operated as infantry, securing a beachhead before fighting their way inland. The parachute infantry regiment was held in reserve for several days before conducting the divisions first airborne operation, on 30 August 1945 the division was sent to southern Japan as part of the occupation force. Four years later it was recalled to the United States, where it became a training formation, one parachute infantry regiment was detached for service in the Korean War, but on 30 June 1958 the division was inactivated. It was briefly reactivated on 1 February 1963 as the 11th Air Assault Division to explore the theory and practicality of helicopter assault tactics, the divisions personnel and equipment were transferred to the newly raised 1st Cavalry Division. S. Infantry division of World War II, the division initially remained in the United States for training, which in common with all airborne units was extremely arduous to befit their elite status. The washout rate was high, but there was never a shortage of candidates, before training was complete a debate developed in the U. S. Army over whether the best use of airborne forces was en masse or as small, compact units. The 82nd Airborne Division had been inserted by parachute and glider and had suffered high casualties, Eisenhower reviewed the airborne role in Operation Husky and concluded that large-scale formations were too difficult to control in combat to be practical. Lieutenant General Leslie J. However, other high-ranking officers, including the Army Chief of Staff George Marshall, Marshall persuaded Eisenhower to set up a review board and to withhold judgement until the outcome of a large-scale maneuver, planned for December 1943, could be assessed. When Swing returned to the United States to resume command of the 11th Airborne in mid-September 1943, as the 11th Airborne Division was in reserve in the United States and had not yet been earmarked for combat, the Swing Board selected it as the test formation. The 11th Airborne, as the force, was assigned the objective of capturing Knollwood Army Auxiliary Airfield near Fort Bragg in North Carolina. The force defending the airfield and its environs was a team composed of elements of the 17th Airborne Division. The entire operation was observed by Army Ground Forces commander Lt. Gen. McNair, the transport aircraft were divided into four groups, two of which carried paratroopers while the other two towed gliders. Each group took off from a different airfield in the Carolinas, the four groups deployed a total of 4,800 troops in the first wave. The exercise was judged by observers to be a great success, McNair, pleased by its results, attributed this success to the great improvements in airborne training that had been implemented in the months following Operation Husky
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13th Airborne Division (United States)
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The 13th Airborne Division was an airborne forces formation of division-size of the United States Army that was active during World War II. The division was commanded for most of its existence by Major General Elbridge G. Chapman and it was officially activated in the United States in August 1943 at Fort Bragg in North Carolina, remaining active until February 1946, but never saw combat. After activation the division remained in the United States to complete its training and this training was completed by September 1944, but had to be extended by a further four months when the division provided replacements for the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions. The division also encountered delays in mounting large-scale training exercises due to a lack of aircraft in the United States. This shortage was caused by the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions taking priority over the 13th in terms of equipment due to the two serving in combat in Europe. As a consequence of these delays the division was not fully trained and combat-ready until January 1945, and was transferred to France, when the division arrived in France, it came under the command of the First Allied Airborne Army, which controlled all Allied airborne formations. The 13th Airborne Division was finally inactivated on 26 February 1946, when it was activated, the 13th Airborne Division was initially composed of the 515th Parachute Infantry Regiment, the 88th Glider Infantry Regiment and the 326th Glider Infantry Regiment. The divisions shoulder patch, a unicorn in orange on an ultramarine blue. A gold on black Airborne tab was worn above the insignia, during this period, the activities of the division primarily involved airborne training, as well as taking part in several training exercises. However, while training for the first four American airborne divisions was conducted during 1943. The divisional training exercise took place around Camp Mackall, North Carolina, a combination of poor visibility, and a lack of sufficient training for the pilots of the transport aircraft, resulted in the paratroopers being dispersed widely when dropped. A similar number of missed the third drop zone, although the majority were dropped in a relatively small area where they could gather. Further problems were encountered, as a plane crash killed eight paratroopers and four aircrew, overall, observers present for the exercise reported that they had been impressed with the performance of the glider-borne elements of the division. However, several noted that the training of the pilots for night formation flying. After these exercises had ended, the continued to train. These were caused when 1,652 men were removed from the division to provide reinforcements for U. S, Airborne units in the European Theater, this drastically reduced the strength of the division and forced it to extend its training period for a further four months. After completing its training in January the division was preparing to transfer to the Pacific Theatre in early 1945, however, the campaign in the Ardennes ended before the division could be transported there. The next chance for the 13th to participate in an airborne operation, the 517th had recently fought during the Ardennes campaign, and had received a Presidential Unit Citation for its actions
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17th Airborne Division (United States)
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The 17th Airborne Division was an airborne infantry division of the United States Army during World War II, and was commanded by Major General William M. Miley. It was officially activated as a division in April 1943 but was not immediately sent to a combat theater. However, after the end of Operation Market Garden the division was shipped to France, the 17th gained its first Medal of Honor during its time fighting in the Ardennes, and was then withdrawn to Luxembourg to prepare for an assault over the River Rhine. The division then advanced through Northern Germany until the end of World War II, there, it was officially inactivated in September 1945, although it was briefly reactivated as a training division between 1948 and 1949. The Allied governments were aware of the success of these operations and this decision would eventually lead to the creation of five American and two British airborne divisions, as well as many smaller units. The 17th Airborne Division was activated on 15 April 1943 at Camp Mackall in North Carolina, once activated, the division remained in the United States for training and exercises. As the division, like all airborne units, was intended to be an elite formation, as the division trained, a debate developed in the U. S. Army over whether the best use of airborne forces was en masse or as small compact units. On 9 July 1943, the first large-scale Allied airborne operation–the Allied invasion of Sicily –was carried out by elements of the U. S. 82nd Airborne Division and the British 1st Airborne Division. The U. S. 82nd Airborne Division had been deployed by parachute and glider and had suffered high casualties, leading to a perception that it had failed to achieve many of its objectives. General Eisenhower had reviewed the role in Operation Husky, and had concluded that large-scale formations were too difficult to control in combat to be practical. However, other high-ranking officers believed otherwise, notably the U. S. Army Chief of Staff and he persuaded Eisenhower to set up a review board and to withhold judgement on the effectiveness of divisional-sized airborne forces until a large-scale maneuver could be tried in December. When Swing returned to the United States to resume command of the 11th Airborne Division in mid-September 1943, the objective for the 11th as the attacking force was to capture Knollwood Army Auxiliary Airfield near Fort Bragg in North Carolina, after which the maneuver was named. The defending forces were to try to defend the airport and the surrounding area, the entire operation would be observed by Lieutenant General McNair. His observations and reports to the U. S, War Department, and ultimately General Eisenhower, would do much to decide the success or failure of the exercise. These airborne troops then seized the Knollwood Army Auxiliary Airfield from the troops and secured the area in which the rest of the division landed. The exercise was judged to be a success by those who observed it. Due to the success of the units of the 11th Airborne Division during the exercise, the division also participated in the Second Army maneuvers in the Tennessee Maneuver Area from 6 February 1944. It finished its training on 27 March 1944, and transferred to Camp Forrest on 24 March 1944, the division staged at Camp Myles Standish on 12 August 1944 before departing Boston Port of Embarkation on 20 August 1944
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80th Division (United States)
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The 80th Training Command is a formation of the United States Army Reserve. During World War I and World War II, the unit was designated the 80th Infantry Division, nicknamed the Blue Ridge Division, it was initially composed of draftees from the mid-atlantic states of Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Maryland. From 1946 to 1952, the 80th Division was redesignated the 80th Airborne Division, in May 1952, it was designated reserve infantry division and a reserve training division in March 1959. In 1994, the division was granted the designation, 80th Division, on 1 October 2008 the Division underwent a major transformation and is now the 80th Training Command. Activated, September 1917 Overseas, June 1918 Major operations, Battle of the Somme, Meuse-Argonne, because of significant common heritage in the past, residents of Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia became the structure of the 80th Division. The 80th Division was organized in August 1917 at Camp Lee, the units were made up mostly of men from the above three states. These units comprised the 159th Brigade, the insignia of the 318th was a square, the machine gun unit colored their square red and blue. The 319th Infantry included men from Allegheny County and from that area north to Erie, the 320th Infantry were mostly men from Pittsburgh, the 315th Machine Gun Battalion were men from Pittsburgh and Erie. These units combined to create the 160th Brigade, the 313th, 314th and 315th Field Artillery units were composed of men almost exclusively from the State of West Virginia, and were the 155th Field Artillery Brigade. The engineers were more often not sent out ahead. During the rest period from 14 October through the Armistice, they finally were outfitted with U. S. Springfield and they had two weeks to train before the third and final push began in the Meuse Argonne. It was also during this period that a formation was reorganized to allow for more maneuverability. Altogether, the 155th served with five different divisions, during the Meuse Argonne campaign, the 80th Division was the only one that saw action during each phase of the offensive. And they first earned their motto, The 80th Division Moves only Forward, the artillery of the division boasted more days of continuous combat firing than the batteries of any other American division. The 80th captured two Germans and one gun for every man wounded and one piece of artillery with gun crew for every 10 men wounded. Men of the 80th Division received 619 awards and decorations, previously announced, the distinctive symbols of the various units of the Division were declared official on April 30th 1918. For the four Infantry Regiments, in their order beginning with the 317th Infantry, they were a diamond, square, circle, and semi circle. The symbol of each units Headquarters Company was colored red, white and blue, that of the Supply Company red and white, the battalion symbols were colored in red, white, blue in numerical order
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82nd Airborne Division
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The 82nd Airborne Division is an airborne infantry division of the United States Army, specializing in parachute assault operations into denied areas. Based at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, the 82nd Airborne Division is part of the XVIII Airborne Corps, the 82nd Airborne Division is the U. S. Armys most strategically mobile division. Some sources consider the 82nd Airborne Division the most highly trained light infantry division in the world, recently the 82nd Airborne has been conducting operations in Iraq. The 82nd Airborne has been assigned to advise and assist Iraqi Security Forces, since its initial members came from all 48 states, the unit acquired the nickname All-American, which is the basis for its famed AA shoulder patch. Famous soldiers of the division include Sergeant Alvin C, York, General James M. Colonel Chris Gibson, Brigade Commander 325 Airborne Infantry, New York Congressman. The 82nd Division was first constituted on 5 August 1917 during World War I in the National Army and it was organized and formally activated on 25 August 1917 at Camp Gordon, Georgia. The division consisted entirely of conscripted soldiers. The citizens of Atlanta held a contest to give a nickname to the new division, Major General Eben Swift, the commanding general, chose All American to reflect the unique composition of the 82nd—it had soldiers from all 48 states. The bulk of the division was two infantry brigades, each commanding two regiments, the 163rd Infantry Brigade commanded the 325th Infantry Regiment and the 326th Infantry Regiment. The 164th Infantry Brigade commanded the 327th Infantry Regiment and the 328th Infantry Regiment and it sailed to Europe to join the American Expeditionary Force, commanded by General John Pershing, on the Western Front. William P. Burnham, who had commanded the 164th Brigade, led the division during most of its training. In early April, the division embarked from the ports in Boston, New York and Brooklyn to Liverpool, England, on 16 June it moved by rail to Toul, France to take position on the front lines in the French sector. Its soldiers were issued French weapons and equipment to simplify resupply, the division was briefly assigned to I Corps before falling under the command of IV Corps until late August. It was then moved to the Woëvre front, in the Lagney sector, the division relieved the 26th Division on 25 June. Though Lagney was considered a defensive sector, the 82nd Division actively patrolled and raided in the region for several weeks, from there it moved to the Marbache sector in mid-August, where it relieved the 2nd Division under the command of the newly formed US First Army. There it trained until 12 September, when the division joined the St. Mihiel offensive, once the First Army jumped off on the offensive, the 82nd Division engaged in a holding mission to prevent German forces from attacking the right flank of the First Army. On 15 September, the 328th Infantry, in order to protect the 90th Divisions flank, resumed the advance, and reached Vandières, on 17 September, the St-Mihiel Operation stabilized, and the 90th Division relieved the 82nds troops west of the Moselle River. During this operation, the division suffered casualties from enemy artillery
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101st Airborne Division
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The 101st Airborne Division is an elite modular specialized light infantry division of the United States Army trained for air assault operations. It is the most potent and tactically mobile of the U. S. Armys divisions and these particular operations are conducted by highly mobile teams and they are quite often executed behind enemy lines. Its unique battlefield mobility and high level of training have kept the Division in the vanguard of Americas land combat forces in recent conflicts, more recently, the 101st Airborne has been performing foreign internal defense and counter-terrorism operations within Iraq and Afghanistan. The 101st Airborne Division has a nearly century-long history, during the Vietnam War, the 101st Airborne Division fought in several major campaigns and battles including the Battle of Hamburger Hill in May 1969. In mid-1968 it was reorganized and redesignated as an airmobile division and these titles reflect the divisions shift from airplanes as the primary method of delivering troops into combat, to the use of helicopters. Many current members of the 101st are graduates of the U. S. Army Air Assault School, Division headquarters is at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. In recent years, the division has served in Iraq and Afghanistan, the division is one of the most highly decorated units in the United States Army and has been featured prominently in military fiction. The 101st is currently the only air assault division, capable, in a single lift, of a 4. It is supported by more than 280 helicopters and this includes three battalions of Apache attack helicopters. At times, additional air assets are assigned to the 101st Airborne during deployment, the 101st Airborne also comprises intelligence support, maintenance and operations elements, support personnel, and artillery specialists. Assisting the 101st Airborne Division is an array of support elements, equipment. The 101st is considered a versatile, very flexible. The 101st has the capability to move long distances, the 101st can put soldiers down on top of mountains, ridge lines, and behind the enemy forces and can sling-load in artillery pieces for indirect fire. It is considered a unit of choice and it has the ability to secure sites, airfields. The 101st Division headquarters was organized 2 November 1918 at Camp Shelby, Mississippi, World War I ended 9 days later, and was demobilized on 11 December 1918. In 1921, the headquarters was reconstituted in the Organized Reserves. It was at time that the Screaming Eagle became associated with the division. As part of the reorganization of the 101st as a division in the Army of the United States
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108th Training Command (Initial Entry Training)
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The 108th Training Command is a United States Army Reserve unit headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. At its activation, the unit was designated as the 108th Airborne Division, in 1956, the division was again reorganized, this time to the designation as the 108th Division. Under the U. S. Army Reserve Transformation of 2005, the command is currently one of the largest in the Army Reserve, commanding and coordinating 9,000 soldiers. The 108th Training Command is a unit in the United States Army Reserve which is a federal reserve force of the United States Army. Together, the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard constitute the components of the United States Army. Over its 60-year history, the 108th Division frequently has been called upon to pilot several new missions for the Army and Army Reserve, over the years, the division has played an important role in pioneering and developing several training methods and policies still in use today. The 108th Division was activated in 1946 as the 108th Airborne Division of the United States Army Reserve and was headquartered in Atlanta, manning during this period was relatively small and funding for airborne training, equipment, and airlift support was minimal. In 1954, the division helped test a new method of rifle qualification known as trainfire, in 1956, the division was selected to serve as a prototype for an Army Training Division. This meant reorganizing again to conduct basic and advanced individual training, the 519th, reorganized as infantry, was reassigned to the 81st Infantry Division and the 485th, also reorganized as infantry, was reassigned to the 87th Infantry Division. Concurrently, the 321st and 323d Infantry Regiments were reassigned from the 81st to the 108th. Source, U. S. Army Center of Military History, Fort McNair, Washington, DC In the 1960s, in 1968, the 108th Division was restructured under its current brigade concept. During the Vietnam era, 108th Division soldiers during training were used to conduct interim training for soldiers waiting to begin basic training. In the 1980s the division developed an updated and more practical mobilization plan, during those same years the division began conducting basic training by themselves at Fort Jackson under new Mobilization Army Training Center and Provisional Training concepts. In January 1991, more than 300 108th Division soldiers were called to duty to support Operation Desert Storm. The soldiers assisted in the retraining of individual soldiers at Fort Jackson who were recalled up to military duty, in late 1993, the 108th Division accepted the mission to pilot a new concept in Army training called Future Army Schools Twenty-first Century. This not only expanded the size of the 108th Division to add the states of Georgia and Florida. Those schools were reorganized into functionally aligned school brigades. This gave the 108th Division a new mission, in 1996 the 108th Division was assigned another completely new mission to conduct Reserve Officer Training Corps training at three colleges and universities in Florida, Georgia and South Carolina
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1st Armored Division (United States)
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The 1st Armored Division—nicknamed Old Ironsides—is a combined arms division of the United States Army. The division is part of III Corps, with its base of operations in Fort Bliss in El Paso and it was the first armored division of the U. S. Army to see battle in World War II. Major General Robert P. White assumed command of the 1st Armored Division on 15 June 2016, the division command group consists of, Commanding General, Major General Robert P. White Deputy Commanding General, Brigadier general Frazer Lawrence. Deputy Commanding General, Brigadier general Jeffery Broadwater, Deputy Commanding General, Brigadier general Daniel Walrath. Chief of Staff, Colonel Charles D. Costanza, Command Sergeant Major, Command Sergeant Major Danny Day. Since relocating to Fort Bliss, Texas, the division has been reorganized under the new design, in which the deployable unit of maneuver is a brigade. The division consists of three brigade combat teams, an aviation brigade, a division artillery brigade, and a sustainment brigade. After the spring of 2015, 3rd IBCT deactivated after redeploying from Afghanistan, Magruder, after he saw a picture of the frigate USS Constitution, which is also nicknamed Old Ironsides. The large 1 at the top represents the numerical designation of the division, in January,1918, the Tank Corps of the United States Army was created with Colonel S. D. At his direction, a Lt. Wharton designed the coat of arms which was a triangle on a shield with a surrounding wreath. The triangle itself is an old heraldic element of design known as a pile. There was no shoulder patch in 1918, only this unit crest, the 7th Cavalry Brigade contributed the other part of the present day Armor shoulder patch. The brigade formed out of the 1st Cavalry Regiment at Marfa Texas, on Jan 16,1933 under General Van Voohris, the 7th Cav Bde included the 13th Cavalry. The 7th Cavalry Brigade had been organized specifically to develop the new armored force concept, Colonel George Linthwaite joined the 13th Cavalry regiment in 1933. Major General Robert W. Grow was instructed to develop a patch for the new armored force. Major Grow announced to the brigade that a contest would be held to design the new Armored force patch, a three-day pass was to be the reward for the designer of the winning entry. Private Linthwaite designed a patch which was 4” round and had a solid yellow-gold background to symbolize the Cavalry heritage, on the face of the patch he drew a stylized black tank track with drive and idler sprockets to symbolize mobility. In the center of the track at a diagonal, he placed a single cannon barrel, also in black
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2nd Armored Division (United States)
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The 2nd Armored Division was an armored division of the United States Army. The division played an important role during World War II in the invasions of North Africa and Sicily and the liberation of France, Belgium, and the Netherlands and the invasion of Germany. During the Cold War, the division was based at Fort Hood, Texas. After participation in the Persian Gulf War, the division was deactivated in 1995 and its units were later transferred to the 4th Infantry Division. The 2nd Armored Division was formed at Fort Benning, Georgia on 15 July 1940 and it was originally commanded by Major General Charles L. Scott, with Colonel George S. Patton, Jr. in charge of training. Scott was promoted to command the I Armored Corps in November of that year, the division, which in February 1942 passed over to the command of Major General Willis D. Crittenberger, served with the First, Seventh, and Ninth Armies throughout the war. The 2nd Armored was organized as an armored division, having two armored regiments of four medium tank and two light tank battalions of three companies each. Both types had a component of three mechanized battalions, although the heavy divisions maintained an armored infantry regiment organization. The 82nd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion was known as the eyes and ears of the 2nd Armored Division, the 2nd Armored Division had three artillery battalions. The division also had support units, including the 2nd Ordnance Maintenance Battalion, 2nd Supply Battalion, the 48th Armored Medical Battalion, the military police and band were tasked with headquarters defense of base operations under the banner of the 502d Adjutant General Company. Elements of the division were among the first U. S. military to engage in ground combat operations in the European and Mediterranean theater during World War II. The 2nd Armored Division, now commanded by Major General Ernest N. Harmon and they were part of the Western Task Force of Operation Torch, which landed at Casablanca in French Morocco on 8 November 1942. The remainder of Torchs American component were the 1st, 3rd, however, the 2nd Armored Division did not see much action in North Africa and instead remained in French North Africa on garrison and training duties. In April 1943 Major General Harmon relinquished command of the division to Major General Hugh Joseph Gaffey, Training in amphibious operations began in preparation for an amphibious landing at Sicily. Afterwards, the next went into action in the second landing at Licata. The 2nd Armored, operating closely with paratroopers of the 82nd Airborne Division, along the way the 2nd Armored Division captured thousands of Italian prisoners of war. During the campaign the division came under the command of the U. S, Seventh Army, under Lieutenant General George S. Patton, who had been a former commander of the division. Soon afterwards the 2nd Armored Division was sent to England, in preparation for the Allied invasion of Normandy, in April the division received a new commander, Major General Edward H. Brooks, a decorated veteran of World War I, replacing Major General Gaffey
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3rd Armored Division (United States)
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The 3rd Armored Division was an armored division of the United States Army. Unofficially nicknamed the Third Herd, the division was first activated in 1941, the division was stationed in West Germany for much of the Cold War, and participated in the Persian Gulf War. On 17 January 1992, in Germany, the division ceased operations, in October 1992, it was formally deactivated as part of a general drawing down of forces at the end of the Cold War. The 3rd Armored Division was organized as an armored division, as was its counterpart. Later, higher-numbered U. S. armored divisions of World War II were smaller, with a ratio of armored infantry to tanks. Each division type had a component of three mechanized infantry battalions. During World War II, these were organized operationally into task forces known as combat commands A, B and R, in addition to the core units, a number of other units of various kinds were attached to the division during various operations. In June 1941, it moved to Camp Polk Louisiana, on 9 March 1942, it came under Army Ground Forces and was assigned to the II Armored Corps. In July 1942, it was transferred to Camp Young, CA and from August to October 1942 and it left Camp Young in January 1943 and moved to the Indiantown Gap Military Reservation, Pennsylvania. The 3rd AD arrived in the European Theatre on 15 September 1943 and it remained in Somerset, England until 24 June 1944, when it departed to partake in the Normandy operations. The HQ was probably at Warminster with units in 5 Wiltshire villages and 3 villages in Somerset, There is a small memorial at Mere in Wiltshire. The first elements of the 3rd Armored in France saw combat on 29 June, with the division as a whole beginning combat operations on 9 July 1944. During this time, it was under the command of VII Corps and XVIII Airborne Corps for some time, and assigned to the First Army and the 12th Army Group for the duration of its career. The division spearheaded the US First Army through Normandy, taking part in a number of engagements, notably including the Battle of Saint Lô, where it suffered significant casualties. The engineers and maintenance crews took the large I-Beam Invasion barriers from the beaches at Normandy and they would then hit the hedgerows at high speed, bursting through them without exposing the vulnerable underbellies of the tanks. Until this happened, they could not get across the hedgerows, ordered to help close the Falaise Gap and Argentan pocket which contained the German Seventh Army, the division finished the job near Putanges by 18 August. Six days later the outfit had sped through Courville and Chartres and was located at the banks of the Seine River. On the night of 25 August 1944 the crossing of the Seine by the division started, once over, liberated in the path of the division were Meaux, Soissons, Laon, Marle, Mons, Charleroi, Namur and Liege
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4th Armored Division (United States)
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The 4th Armored Division of the United States Army was an Armored Division that earned distinction while spearheading General Pattons Third Army in the European theater of World War II. The 4th Armored Division, unlike most other U. S. armored divisions during World War II, didnt officially adopt a nickname for the division during the war. However, their unofficial nickname Name Enough came into use postwar, the 4th was named the Breakthrough division in 1954, but that name was eventually discontinued. The 4th Armored Division was activated during World War II on 15 April 1941 with 3,800 men from other units, at Pine Camp. The division was organized as a full Armored Division in May and it left Pine Camp for Camp Forrest for the Tennessee maneuvers in the Cumberland Mountains held in September and October. On 29 December, the 4th AD departed Boston to conduct training in England in preparation for the invasion of Normandy, the 4th AD then swung south to take Nantes, cutting off the Brittany Peninsula,12 August 1944. Turning east, it drove swiftly across France north of the Loire, smashed across the Moselle 11–13 September, flanked Nancy and captured Lunéville,16 September. The 4th Armored Division received the unit awards from France, Croix de Guerre with Palm, Croix de Guerre with Palm. Two days after the Germans launched their Ardennes Offensive, the 4th AD entered the fight, racing northwest into Belgium, covering 150 miles in 19 hours. The 4th AD, spearheading Pattons Third Army, attacked the Germans at Bastogne and, on 26 December, was the first unit to breakthrough at Bastogne and relieve the besieged 101st Airborne Division. Six weeks later the 4th AD jumped off from Luxembourg City in a plunge that carried it across the Moselle River at Trier, south and east to Worms. Advancing all night, the 4th AD crossed the Main River the next day, south of Hanau, lauterbach fell 29 March, Creuzburg across the Werra on 1 April, Gotha on 4 April. Where the 4th AD liberated Ohrdruf concentration camp, and by 12 April the 4TH AD was across the Saale River. Pursuit of the continued and by 6 May the division had crossed into Czechoslovakia, established a bridgehead across the Otava River at Strakonice. The 4th AD was reassigned to the XII Corps on 30 April 1945, on 1 August, General George Pattons U. S. Third Army became operational and the 4th AD became the spearhead of the Third Army, the British military armor theorist and historian, Captain Basil Henry Liddell Hart, once referred to General Wood as the Rommel of the American armored forces. Like Rommel, Wood commanded from the front, and preferred staying on the offensive, using speed, on 3 December 1944, General Wood was relieved as division commander. The division was led by Major General Hugh Gaffey through the Battle of the Bulge
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5th Armored Division (United States)
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The 5th Armored Division was an armored formation of the United States Army active from 1941 to 1945 and from 1950 to 1956. The 5th Armored Victory Division was activated on 10 October 1941, turning Argentan over to the 90th Infantry Division, the 5th Armored advanced 80 miles to capture the Eure River Line at Dreux on 16 August. Bitter fighting was encountered in clearing the Eure-Seine corridor, the second big trap in France. The 5th passed through Paris 30 August to spearhead V Corps drive through the Compiègne Forest, across the Oise, Aisne, and Somme Rivers, the division then turned east, advancing 100 miles in 8 hours, and crossed the Meuse at Charleville-Mézières,4 September. Racing past Sedan, it liberated Luxembourg City on the 10th, the reconnaissance squadron of the division sent a patrol across the German border on the afternoon of 11 September to be the first of the Allies to cross the enemy frontier. On 14 September, the 5th penetrated the Siegfried Line at Wallendorf, remaining until the 20th, in October it held defensive positions in the Monschau-Hofen sector. The division entered the Hurtgen Forest area in late November and pushed the back to the banks of the Roer River in very heavy fighting. On 22 December it was withdrawn to Verviers and placed in 12th Army Group reserve, crossing the Roer on 25 February 1945 the 5th spearheaded the XIII Corps drive to the Rhine, crossing the Rhine at Wesel,30 March. The Division reached the banks of the Elbe at Tangermunde,12 April—45 miles from Berlin, on 16 April, the 5th moved to Klotze to wipe out the Von Clausewitz Panzer Division and again drove to the Elbe, this time in the vicinity of Dannenberg. The division mopped up in the Ninth Army sector until VE-day, the division was inactivated on 11 October 1945, reactivated in 1950 at Fort Chaffee, AR, and inactivated for the final time in 1956
