1715

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November 14: Battle of Preston

1715 (MDCCXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1715th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 715th year of the 2nd millennium, the 15th year of the 18th century, and the 6th year of the 1710s decade. As of the start of 1715, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events[edit]

Breech-loading firearm that belonged to Philip V of Spain, made by A. Tienza, Madrid circa 1715.

January–June[edit]

• February 11 – Tuscarora War: The Tuscarora and their allies sign a peace treaty with the Province of Carolina, and agree to move to a reservation near Lake Mattamuskeet, effectively ending the Tuscarora War. Large numbers of Tuscarora subsequently move to New York.
• March 27 – Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, flees from Great Britain to France. His part in secret negotiations with France, leading to the Treaty of Utrecht, has cast suspicion on him in the eyes of the Whig government of Britain, he becomes secretary of state to the Pretender, James Edward Stuart.^[1]
• May 3 – A total solar eclipse is seen across southern England, Sweden and Finland (the last total eclipse visible in London for almost 900 years).

July–December[edit]

• July 20 – Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–18): The fall of Nauplion, the capital of the Venetian Kingdom of the Morea, seals the fate of the Peloponnese Peninsula, which is soon completely retaken by the Ottomans.
• July 24 – 1715 Treasure Fleet: A Spanish treasure fleet of 12 ships, under General Don Juan Ubilla, leaves Havana, Cuba for Spain. Seven days later, 11 of them sink in a storm off the coast of Florida (some centuries later, treasure salvage is found from these wrecks).
• August 31 – Old Dock, Liverpool, England, the world's first enclosed commercial wet dock (Thomas Steers, engineer), opens.^[2][3]
• September – The first major Jacobite rising in Scotland against the rule of King George I of Great Britain breaks out. The Earl of Mar raises the standard of James Edward Stuart, and marches on Edinburgh. James, the son of the deposed King James VII, arrives from France.
• September 1 – King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years, leaving his throne to his great-grandson Louis XV, who will reign for 58 years. Regent for the new, five-year-old monarch is Philippe d'Orléans, nephew of Louis XIV.
• October – John Moore becomes a Peer of Ireland.
• November 13 – Jacobite rising in Scotland – Battle of Sheriffmuir: The forces of the Kingdom of Great Britain, led by John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, halt the Jacobite advance, although the action is inconclusive.
• November 14 – Battle of Preston: Government forces defeat the Jacobite incursion, at the conclusion of a five-day siege and action.
• November 15 – The Third Barrier Treaty is signed by Britain, the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic.^[4]
• November 28 – The application of the Nueva Planta decrees, in Majorca and the other Balearic Islands (formerly under the Crown of Aragon), bring them under the laws of the Crown of Castile.
• December 22 – James Edward Stuart rejoins Jacobite rebels in Scotland,^[1] but fails to rouse his army.
• December 24 – Swedish troops occupy Norway.

Date unknown[edit]

• Yamasee War: The Province of Carolina goes to war with the Yamasee Native Americans.
• Karlsruhe Palace is built, resulting in the town of Karlsruhe growing up around it.
• The ancient right to evaluate royal decrees publicly, before they are given the force of law by the high court of Paris (the Parlement), is restored.
• Filippo Juvarra starts working on the previously postponed construction of the church of Santa Christina in Turin.
• Filippo Juvarra starts rebuilding the church of San Filippo Neri, Turin, in which the roof had collapsed, during the siege of Turin, during the War of the Spanish Succession.
• Around this year, a breech loading firearm is made for Philip V of Spain.
• According to Coffee: A Dark History, coffee is first grown this year, in the French colony of Saint-Domingue.

Births[edit]

• January 9 – Robert-François Damiens, French domestic servant, executed for the attempted assassination of Louis XV of France (d. 1757)
• January 10
  • Christian August Crusius, German philosopher, Protestant theologian (d. 1775)
  • Johan Sparre af Söfdeborg, Swedish general, nobleman (d. 1791)
• January 12 – Jacques Duphly, French composer (d. 1789)
• January 23 – Jean-Olivier Briand, French-born Catholic bishop of Quebec (d. 1794)
• January 24 – Ōkubo Tadaoki, Japanese daimyō (d. 1764)
• January 25
  • George Hay, British politician (d. 1778)
  • Thomas Walker, distinguished Virginia physician, explorer (d. 1794)
• January 29 – Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Austrian composer (d. 1777)
• January 30 – Jean-Baptiste Lestiboudois, French botanist (d. 1804)
• January 31
  • Giovanni Fagnano, Italian mathematician (d. 1797)
  • John Wayles, American lawyer and planter (d. 1773)
• February 4 – John Hamilton, British politician (d. 1796)
• February 5 – Baltazar Adam Krčelić, Croatian historian and theologian (d. 1778)
• February 11 – Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, British duchess (d. 1785)
• February 12 – James Grenville, British Member of Parliament (d. 1783)

Charles-Nicolas Cochin

• February 22
  • Charles-Nicolas Cochin, French artist (d. 1790)
  • Jean Georges Lefranc de Pompignan, Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 1790)

Claude Adrien Helvétius

• February 26 – Claude Adrien Helvétius, French philosopher (d. 1771)
• February 27 – Mateo Aimerich, Spanish philologist (d. 1799)
• March 4 – James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave of Great Britain (d. 1763)
• March 7
  • Ewald Christian von Kleist, German poet and officer (d. 1759)
  • Ephraim Williams, English benefactor of Williams College, soldier in the French and Indian War (d. 1755)
• March 14 – Johan Martin Preisler, German artist (d. 1794)
• March 18 – John Bushell, first (Massachusetts-born) Canadian printer (d. 1761)
• March 24 – William Strahan, British politician (d. 1785)
• March 25 – Mary Frances of the Five Wounds, Italian Franciscan saint (d. 1791)
• March 28 – Margrave Frederick William of Brandenburg-Schwedt, Prussian major general and titular Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (d. 1744)
• March 31 – Johan Samuel Augustin, German-Danish astronomical writer, civil servant (d. 1785)
• April 3 – William Watson, English scientist (d. 1787)
• April 9 – Giovanni Carlo Boschi, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1788)
• April 11
  • John Alcock, English composer and organist (d. 1806)
  • Jacob Rodrigues Pereira, academic, first teacher of deaf-mutes in France (d. 1780)
• April 13 – John Martin Mack, American missionary (d. 1784)
• April 19 – James Nares, English composer of mostly sacred vocal works (d. 1783)
• April 20
  • James Brudenell, 5th Earl of Cardigan, English noble and politician (d. 1811)
  • Saliha Sultan, daughter of Ottoman Sultan (d. 1778)
• April 23
  • Johann Friedrich Doles, German composer (d. 1797)
  • John Hicks, Canadian politician (d. 1790)
  • Auguste de Keralio, French nobleman (d. 1805)
  • Carl Tersmeden, Swedish admiral (d. 1797)
• April 28
  • Carl Fredrik Scheffer, Swedish politician (d. 1786)
  • Franz Sparry, Austrian composer (d. 1767)
• May 4
  • Richard Graves, English minister (d. 1804)
  • Hieronim Florian Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1760)
• May 7 – Charles Roe, English businessman (d. 1781)
• May 11
  • Johann Gottfried Bernhard Bach, fourth child of Johann Sebastian Bach and Maria Barbara Bach to reach adulthood (d. 1739)
  • Ignazio Fiorillo, Italian composer (d. 1787)
• May 12 – Otto William Schwartz, Canadian politician (d. 1785)
• May 20 – William Whitfield II, American Army officer (d. 1795)
• May 22 – François-Joachim de Pierre de Bernis, French cardinal and statesman (d. 1794)
• June 7 – Lodewijk Caspar Valckenaer, Dutch classical scholar (d. 1785)
• June 12
  • Nicolas Thyrel de Boismont, French abbot (d. 1786)
  • Charles-René Dejordy de Villebon, French-Canadian explorer (d. 1761)
• June 13 – Anna Wilhelmine of Anhalt-Dessau, German noblewoman (d. 1780)
• June 15 – John Blennerhassett, Anglo-Irish politician (d. 1763)
• June 18 – Harry Grey, 4th Earl of Stamford, British earl, politician (d. 1768)
• June 25 – Joseph Foullon de Doué, French politician and a Controller-General of Finances under Louis XVI (d. 1789)
• June 29 – Pedro Antonio de Cevallos, Spanish military Governor of Buenos Aires between 1757 and 1766 (d. 1778)
• July 2 – Samuel Finley, American clergyman and educator (d. 1766)
• July 4
  • Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, German author (d. 1769)
  • Charles François Hutin, French painter (d. 1776)
• July 11 – Jean-Joseph Balechou, French artist (d. 1765)
• July 16 – Charles, Prince of Soubise, MArshal of France (d. 1787)
• July 17 – Fredericka of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German noblewoman member of the House of Wettin and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Weissenfels (d. 1775)
• July 26 – Jakob van der Schley, Dutch engraver (d. 1779)
• August 5 – Charlotte Sophie of Aldenburg, German sovereign (d. 1800)
• August 6 – Luc de Clapiers, marquis de Vauvenargues, French writer (d. 1747)
• August 18 – Cyrus Trapaud, British Army general (d. 1801)
• August 25 – Luis González Velázquez, Spanish painter (d. 1763)
• September 5 – Ignác Raab, Czech artist (d. 1787)
• September 15 – Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval, French artillery officer and engineer who revolutionized French cannon (d. 1789)
• September 19
  • Emmanuel-Félicité de Durfort de Duras, Marshal of France, politician (d. 1789)
  • Ferenc Esterházy, Hungarian politician (d. 1785)
• September 22 – Jean-Étienne Guettard, French scientist (d. 1786)
• September 25 – Princess Victoria Charlotte of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (d. 1772)
• September 26 – Lord George Graham, Royal Navy officer and MP (d. 1747)
• October 1 – Richard Jago, English clergyman poet and minor landscape gardener from Warwickshire (d. 1781)
• October 2 – Domenico Caracciolo, Italian politician (d. 1789)
• October 5
  • John Hustler, English Quaker industrialist (d. 1790)
  • Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist of the Physiocratic school (d. 1789)
• October 6 – Antoine-Gabriel-François Benoist, soldier in the French army, served in North America (d. 1776)
• October 16 – Joseph Allegranza, Historian, archaeologist, antiquary (d. 1785)
• October 23 – Peter II of Russia, Emperor of Russia (d. 1730)
• October 29 – Aaron Cleveland, American clergyman (d. 1757)
• November 5
  • John Brown, English divine and author (d. 1766)
  • Felix of Nicosia, Cypriot Catholic saint (d. 1787)
  • Johann Georg Wille, German engraver (d. 1808)
• November 6 – Heneage Finch, 3rd Earl of Aylesford, Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (d. 1777)

Queen Elisabeth Christine

• November 8 – Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern, Crown Princess of Prussia (d. 1797)
• November 9 – Edward Bligh, 2nd Earl of Darnley, British noble (d. 1747)
• November 12 – Kajetan Sołtyk, Polish Catholic priest (d. 1788)
• November 13 – Dorothea Erxleben, first German female physician (d. 1762)
• November 16 – Girolamo Abos, Maltese-Italian composer (d. 1760)
• November 17 – Sir Danvers Osborn, 3rd Baronet, British politician and colonial governor (d. 1753)
• November 19 – Bertrand Philip, Count of Gronsveld, Dutch diplomat (d. 1772)
• November 20 – Pierre Charles Le Monnier, French astronomer (d. 1799)
• November 24 – Anna Nitschmann, German poet (d. 1760)
• November 26 – Jean-Charles Gervaise de Latouche, French writer (d. 1782)
• November 27 – Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost, German physician (d. 1794)
• November 30
  • Johann Philipp Bethmann, German merchant and banker (d. 1793)
  • Johan Jacob Bruun, Danish artist (d. 1789)
• December 4 – Abraham Drake, New Hampshire politician (d. 1781)
• December 9 – Joseph Marie Terray, Controller-General of Finances during the reign of Louis XV of France (d. 1778)
• December 11 – Johann Valentin Tischbein, German painter (d. 1768)
• December 12 – Gennaro Manna, Italian composer (d. 1779)
• December 18 – Johan Heinrich Becker, German physician and chemist who settled in Norway (d. 1761)
• December 21
  • Tommaso Gherardini, Italian painter (d. 1797)
  • Gottlieb Heinrich Totleben, German noble (d. 1773)
  • François-Vincent Toussaint, French writer most famous for Les Mœurs (The Manners) (d. 1772)
• December 27 – Philippe de Noailles, Marshal of France (d. 1794)
• December 30 – Thomas Watson, 3rd Earl of Rockingham, British politician (d. 1746)
• December 31 – Nicolas-Sylvestre Bergier, French Catholic theologian (d. 1790)

Deaths[edit]

François Fénelon

• January 7
  • François Fénelon, Archbishop of Cambrai (b. 1651)
  • Mary Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort, British botanist (b. 1630)
• January 29 – Bernard Lamy, French Oratorian mathematician and theologian (b. 1640)
• January 27 – Caspar Neumann, German professor and clergyman (b. 1648)
• February 3 – Gottfried Vopelius, German academic (b. 1645)
• February 4 – Martín de Ursúa, Spanish conquistador (b. 1653)
• February 17 – Antoine Galland, French archaeologist (b. 1646)
• February 19 – Domenico Egidio Rossi, Italian architect (b. 1659)
• February 21 – Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. 1637)
• February 25 – Pu Songling, Qing Dynasty Chinese writer (b. 1640)
• March 2 – Cardinal de Bouillon, French Catholic cardinal (b. 1643)
• March 17 – Gilbert Burnet, Scottish Bishop of Salisbury (b. 1643)
• March 18 – William Fraser, 12th Lord Saltoun, (b.1654)
• March 27 – August, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig, German prince (b. 1655)

Perizonius

• April 6 – Perizonius, Dutch linguist (b. 1651)
• April 16 – Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. 1679)
• May 8 – Marie Mancini, Italian courtier, third of the five Mancini sisters (b. 1639)
• May 19 – Charles Montagu, English Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1661)
• May 21 – Pierre Magnol, French botanist (b. 1638)
• May 30 – Roeloff Swartwout, American city founder in New York (b. 1634)
• June 19 – Nicolas Lemery, French chemist (b. 1645)
• June 25 – Jean-Baptiste du Casse, French admiral and buccaneer (b. 1646)
• July 5 – Charles Ancillon, French Huguenot pastor (b. 1659)
• July 28 – Jakub Kresa, Czech mathematician (b. 1648)
• July 30 – Nahum Tate, Irish poet (b. 1652)
• August 21 – Countess Johanna Magdalene of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German countess (b. 1660)
• September 1 – François Girardon, French sculptor (b. 1628)

Louis XIV of France

• September 1 – King Louis XIV of France (b. 1638)
• September 24 – Wilhelm Homberg, Dutch alchemist (b. 1652)
• October 13 – Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (b. 1638)
• October 14 – Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1636)
• October 15 – Humphry Ditton, English mathematician (b. 1675)
• October 17 – Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (b. 1655)
• October 30 – Juliane Louise of East Frisia, Princess of East Frisia (b. 1657)
• October 31 – Elisha Cooke, Sr., Massachusetts colonial politician and judge (b. 1637)
• November – Mirwais Hotak, Pashtun emir, and founder of the Hotaki Dynasty (b. 1673)
• November 24 – Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, queen consort of King Charles X of Sweden (b. 1636)
• December 9 – Benedetto Gennari II, Italian painter (b. 1633)
• December 15 – George Hickes, English minister and scholar (b. 1642)
• December 28
  • William Carstares, Scottish clergyman (b. 1649)
  • Joanna Koerten, Dutch painter (b. 1650)
• date unknown – Elizabeth Boutell, British stage actor (b. 1650)

References[edit]