1.
Horace Walpole
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Horatio Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford — also known as Horace Walpole — was an English art historian, man of letters, antiquarian and Whig politician. He had Strawberry Hill House built in Twickenham, south-west London and his literary reputation rests on his Gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto and his Letters, which are of significant social and political interest. He was the son of the first British Prime Minister Sir Robert Walpole, as Horace Walpole was childless, on his death his barony descended to his cousin of the same surname, who was created the new Earl of Orford. Walpole was born in London, the youngest son of British Prime Minister Sir Robert Walpole, like his father, he received early education in Bexley, he was also educated at Eton College and Kings College, Cambridge. Walpoles first friends were probably his cousins Francis and Henry Conway, to whom Walpole became strongly attached, at Eton he formed with Charles Lyttelton and George Montagu the Triumvirate, a schoolboy confederacy. More important were another group of friends dubbed the Quadruple Alliance, Walpole, Thomas Gray, Richard West, at Cambridge Walpole came under the influence of Conyers Middleton, an unorthodox theologian. Walpole came to accept the nature of Middletons attitude to some essential Christian doctrines for the rest of his life, including a hatred of superstition. Walpole ceased to reside at Cambridge at the end of 1738, according to one biographer his love for his mother was the most powerful emotion of his entire life. the whole of his psychological history was dominated by it. Walpole did not have any relationships with women, he has been called a natural celibate. Walpoles sexual orientation has been the subject of speculation, many contemporaries described him as effeminate. Biographers such as Timothy Mowl explore his possible homosexuality, including a passionate, some previous biographers such as Lewis, Fothergill, and Robert Wyndham Ketton-Cremer, however, have interpreted Walpole as asexual. Upon coming of age he became Comptroller of the Pipe and Clerk of the Estreats which gave him an income of £300 per annum, Walpole decided to go travelling with Thomas Gray and wrote a will whereby he left Gray all his belongings. They left Dover on 29 March and arrived at Calais later that day and they then travelled through Boulogne, Amiens and Saint-Denis, arriving at Paris on 4 April. Here they met many aristocratic Englishmen, in early June they left Paris for Rheims, then in September going to Dijon, Lyons, Dauphiné, Savoy, Aix-les-Bains, Geneva, and then back to Lyons. In October they left for Italy, arriving in Turin in November, then going to Genoa, Piacenza, Parma, Reggio, Modena, Bologna, and in December arriving at Florence. Here he struck up a friendship with Horace Mann, an assistant to the British Minister at the Court of Tuscany and wrote Epistle from Florence to Thomas Ashton, tutor to the Earl of Plymouth, a mixture of Whig history and Middletons teachings. In February 1740 Walpole and Gray left for Rome with the intention of witnessing the papal conclave upon the death of Pope Clement XII, Walpole wanted to attend fashionable parties and Gray wanted to visit all the antiquities. At social occasions in Rome he saw the Old Pretender James Francis Edward Stuart, Walpole and Gray returned to Florence in July
2.
Samuel Richardson
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Samuel Richardson was an 18th-century English writer and printer. He is best known for his three novels, Pamela, Or, Virtue Rewarded, Clarissa, Or the History of a Young Lady. Richardson was a printer and publisher for most of his life and printed almost 500 different works, including journals. He was also known to collaborate closely with the London bookseller Andrew Millar on several occasions, at a very early age, Richardson was apprenticed to a printer, whose daughter he eventually married. He lost his first wife along with their five sons, although with his second wife he had four daughters who lived to become adults, they had no male heir to continue running the printing business. While his print shop slowly ran down, at the age of 51 he wrote his first novel and immediately became one of the most popular and he knew leading figures in 18th-century England, including Samuel Johnson and Sarah Fielding. In the London literary world, he was a rival of Henry Fielding, and his name was on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum, a list established by the Pope containing the names of books that Catholics were not allowed to read. Richardson, one of nine children, was born in 1689 in Mackworth, Derbyshire, to Samuel. It is unsure where in Derbyshire he was born because Richardson always concealed the location, the trade his father pursued was that of a joiner. The abilities and position of his father brought him to the attention of James Scott, however this, as Richardson claims, was to Richardson seniors great detriment because of the failure of the Monmouth Rebellion, which ended in the death of Scott in 1685. After Scotts death, the elder Richardson was forced to abandon his business in London, the Richardsons were not exiled forever from London, they eventually returned, and the young Richardson was educated at Christs Hospital grammar school. The extent that he was educated at the school is uncertain, received what education he had at Christs Hospital. However, this conflicts with Richardsons nephews account that it is certain that was never sent to a more respectable seminary than a grammar school located in Derbyshire. Little is known of Richardsons early years beyond the few things that Richardson was willing to share, one such letter, written when Richardson was almost 11, was directed to a woman in her 50s who was in the habit of constantly criticizing others. Assuming the style and address of a person in years, Richardson cautioned her about her actions, however, his handwriting was used to determine that it was his work, and the woman complained to his mother. The result was, as he explains, that my mother chid me for the freedom taken by such a boy with a woman of her years but also commended my principles, after his writing ability was known, he began to help others in the community write letters. In particular, Richardson, at the age of thirteen, helped many of the girls that he associated with to write responses to love letters they received. But this opportunity did little more for me, at so tender an age, than point, as I may say, or lead my enquiries, as I grew up, into the knowledge of female heart
3.
David Hume
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David Hume was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of radical philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism. Humes empiricist approach to philosophy places him with John Locke, Francis Bacon, beginning with his A Treatise of Human Nature, Hume strove to create a total naturalistic science of man that examined the psychological basis of human nature. Humes compatibilist theory of free will takes causal determinism as fully compatible with human freedom, Kant himself credited Hume as the spur to his philosophical thought who had awakened him from his dogmatic slumbers. Arthur Schopenhauer once declared there is more to be learned from each page of David Hume than from the collected philosophical works of Hegel, Herbart. Hume is thus regarded as a pivotal figure in the history of philosophical thought. David Hume was the second of two born to Joseph Home of Ninewells, an advocate, and his wife The Hon. Katherine. He was born on 26 April 1711 in a tenement on the side of the Lawnmarket in Edinburgh. Humes father died when Hume was a child, just after his birthday, and he was raised by his mother. He changed the spelling of his name in 1734, because of the fact that his surname Home, throughout his life Hume, who never married, spent time occasionally at his family home at Ninewells in Berwickshire, which had belonged to his family since the sixteenth century. His finances as a man were very slender. His family was not rich and, as a younger son and he was therefore forced to make a living somehow. Hume attended the University of Edinburgh at the early age of twelve at a time when fourteen was normal. He had little respect for the professors of his time, telling a friend in 1735 that there is nothing to be learnt from a Professor, which is not to be met with in Books. Aged around 18, he made a discovery that opened up to him a new Scene of Thought. He did not recount what this scene was, and commentators have offered a variety of speculations, due to this inspiration, Hume set out to spend a minimum of ten years reading and writing. He soon came to the verge of a breakdown, suffering from what a doctor diagnosed as the Disease of the Learned. Hume wrote that it started with a coldness, which he attributed to a Laziness of Temper, later, some scurvy spots broke out on his fingers. This was what persuaded Humes physician to make his diagnosis, Hume wrote that he went under a Course of Bitters and Anti-Hysteric Pills, taken along with a pint of claret every day
4.
Isaac Newton
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His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, first published in 1687, laid the foundations of classical mechanics. Newton also made contributions to optics, and he shares credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing the infinitesimal calculus. Newtons Principia formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation that dominated scientists view of the universe for the next three centuries. Newtons work on light was collected in his influential book Opticks. He also formulated a law of cooling, made the first theoretical calculation of the speed of sound. Newton was a fellow of Trinity College and the second Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, politically and personally tied to the Whig party, Newton served two brief terms as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge, in 1689–90 and 1701–02. He was knighted by Queen Anne in 1705 and he spent the last three decades of his life in London, serving as Warden and Master of the Royal Mint and his father, also named Isaac Newton, had died three months before. Born prematurely, he was a child, his mother Hannah Ayscough reportedly said that he could have fit inside a quart mug. When Newton was three, his mother remarried and went to live with her new husband, the Reverend Barnabas Smith, leaving her son in the care of his maternal grandmother, Newtons mother had three children from her second marriage. From the age of twelve until he was seventeen, Newton was educated at The Kings School, Grantham which taught Latin and Greek. He was removed from school, and by October 1659, he was to be found at Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, Henry Stokes, master at the Kings School, persuaded his mother to send him back to school so that he might complete his education. Motivated partly by a desire for revenge against a bully, he became the top-ranked student. In June 1661, he was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge and he started as a subsizar—paying his way by performing valets duties—until he was awarded a scholarship in 1664, which guaranteed him four more years until he would get his M. A. He set down in his notebook a series of Quaestiones about mechanical philosophy as he found it, in 1665, he discovered the generalised binomial theorem and began to develop a mathematical theory that later became calculus. Soon after Newton had obtained his B. A. degree in August 1665, in April 1667, he returned to Cambridge and in October was elected as a fellow of Trinity. Fellows were required to become ordained priests, although this was not enforced in the restoration years, however, by 1675 the issue could not be avoided and by then his unconventional views stood in the way. Nevertheless, Newton managed to avoid it by means of a special permission from Charles II. A and he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1672. Newtons work has been said to distinctly advance every branch of mathematics then studied and his work on the subject usually referred to as fluxions or calculus, seen in a manuscript of October 1666, is now published among Newtons mathematical papers
5.
Salomon Gessner
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Salomon Gessner was a Swiss painter and poet. His writing suited the taste of his time, though by some more recent standards it is sweet and monotonously melodious. ”As a painter. The first of his writings attracted attention was his Lied eines Schweizers an sein bewaffnetes Mädchen. ”Encyclopædia Britannica puzzles over the reason for Gessners universal popularity. Britannica notes that his writings are marked by sweetness and melody, qualities which were appreciated by Lessing, Herder. The New International Encyclopædia finds his writing “insipidly sweet and monotonously melodious, ”, collected editions of Gessners works were repeatedly published. They were translated into French, and versions of the Idyllen appeared in English, Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Czech, in 1780 Gessner founded the Zürcher Zeitung. Gessners life was written by Johann Jakob Hottinger, and by Heinrich Wölfflin, for Gessners literary influence, see Texte, J. J. Rousseau and Literary Cosmopolitanism. This article incorporates text from a now in the public domain, Chisholm, Hugh, ed. Gessner. Thurston, H. T. Colby, F. M. eds, media related to Salomon Gessner at Wikimedia Commons Salomon Gessner
6.
John Shebbeare
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John Shebbeare was a British Tory political satirist. He was the eldest son of an attorney and corn-factor of Bideford, a hundred and a village in Devon, where the family had owned land, bear their name. Shebbeare was educated at the school, Exeter, under Zachariah Mudge. In his sixteenth year he was apprenticed to a surgeon, having, however, lampooned both his master and the members of the Exeter corporation, he in 1736 removed to Bristol, where he later entered into partnership with a chemist. In 1740 he published A new Analysis of the Bristol Waters, together with the Cause of Diabetes and Hectic, and their Cure, as it results from those Waters, which was reissued in 1760. In 1752 he went to Paris, where he claimed to have obtained a medical degree, but he found his pen more remunerative than his practice. The author was imprisoned for his reflections on the legislature, but his book was reissued in 1755 as Matrimony and this political satire, modelled on Bolingbrokes writings against Robert Walpole, alone entitled Shebbeare to a respectable name in literature. On 12 January 1758 a general warrant was issued against the author, printer, on 23 January all copies of a seventh Letter were seized and suppressed. On 17 June Shebbeare was tried for libel on an information laid against him by the attorney-general, Pratt, during the trial, as Walpole laments, Mansfield laid it down that satires on dead kings were punishable. In summing up he declared that the Letter nearly approached high treason, on 28 Nov. Shebbeare was sentenced to a fine and three years imprisonment, besides having to find security for good behaviour for seven years. He was also to stand in the pillory at Charing Cross on 5 Dec, at the end of an hour he retired amidst the cheers of the crowd, who had been invited by printed bills to come and see the British champion. Beardmore was afterwards punished for his conduct, an anonymous squib appeared under the title Memoirs of the Pillory, being a consolatory Epistle to Dr. Shebbeare. While in prison Shebbeare received subscriptions for a history of England, and actually composed one volume, when attacked on the subject in a letter in the Public Advertiser of 10 Aug. Notwithstanding his position, he refused to avail himself of the Insolvent Act, on his release he advocated peace with France, and attacked John Wilkes. On 29 Feb.1764 a memorial signed by members of parliament was presented to George Grenville in his favour. The king, in reply to Sir John Philips, who made the application, is said to have spoken of Shebbeare in very favourable terms, almons statement that a pension of £400 had been previously granted by Bute seems doubtful. Henceforth Shebbeare became an advocate of the measures of the court. It is an exposure of the weak points in whig policy and administration, followed by a panegyric on George III
7.
Henry Fielding
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Henry Fielding was an English novelist and dramatist best known for his rich, earthy humour and satirical prowess, and as the author of the novel Tom Jones. His younger sister, Sarah, also became a successful writer, Fielding was born at Sharpham, Somerset, and educated at Eton College, where he established a lifelong friendship with William Pitt the Elder. After a romantic episode with a woman that ended in his getting into trouble with the law, he went to London. In 1728, he travelled to Leiden to study classics and law at the university, however, lack of money obliged him to return to London and he began writing for the theatre. Some of his work was critical of the government of Prime Minister Sir Robert Walpole. The Theatrical Licensing Act of 1737 is alleged to be a response to his activities. The particular play that triggered the Licensing Act was the unproduced, anonymously authored, The Golden Rump, once the act was passed, political satire on the stage became virtually impossible, and playwrights whose works were staged were viewed as suspect. Fielding therefore retired from the theatre and resumed his career in law in order to support his wife Charlotte Craddock, Allen went on to provide for the education and support of Fieldings children after the writers death. Fielding never stopped writing political satire and satires of current arts, the Tragedy of Tragedies was, for example, quite successful as a printed play. He also contributed a number of works to journals of the day and he wrote for Tory periodicals, usually under the name Captain Hercules Vinegar. Fielding continued to air his liberal and anti-Jacobite views in articles and newspapers in the late 1730s. Almost by accident he took to writing novels in 1741, angered by Samuel Richardsons success with Pamela and his first big success was an anonymous parody of that, Shamela. This satire follows the model of the famous Tory satirists of the generation, Jonathan Swift and John Gay. Fielding followed this with Joseph Andrews, an original work supposedly dealing with Pamelas brother, although begun as a parody, it developed into an accomplished novel in its own right and is considered to mark Fieldings debut as a serious novelist. It is a satire of Walpole that draws a parallel between him and Jonathan Wild, the gang leader and highwayman. Though a minor item in Fieldings œuvre, the subject is consistent with his preoccupation with fraud, shamming. His greatest work was Tom Jones, a meticulously constructed picaresque novel telling the convoluted, Fielding married his first wife, Charlotte Craddock, in 1734 at the Church of St Mary in Charlcombe, Somerset. Charlotte, on whom he modelled the heroines of both Tom Jones and Amelia, died in 1744
8.
1754 in architecture
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The year 1754 in architecture involved some significant events. The Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc, Moravia, finished and consecrated, kings Chapel, in Boston, Massachusetts, designed by Peter Harrison, completed. Wieskirche in Steingaden, Bavaria, designed by Johann Baptist Zimmermann and Dominikus Zimmermann, versailles Cathedral in France, designed by Jacques Hardouin-Mansart de Sagonne, completed and consecrated August 24. Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza, Aragon, begun to the design of Francisco Herrera the Younger in 1681 and continued by Felipe Sánchez, stroganov Palace in Saint Petersburg, designed by Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli, completed. Pavillon du Butard in France, designed by Ange-Jacques Gabriel for Louis XV, tomb of Safdarjung in Delhi, a late example of Mughal architecture, completed. Mow Cop Castle in Staffordshire, a folly, built by Randle Wilbraham, Liverpool Town Hall, in Liverpool, designed by John Wood, the Elder, completed. St Andrews Church, Kiev, in Russia, designed by Bartolomeo Rastrelli, obando Church, in the Philippines, completed and consecrated April 29. Steeple added to Christ Church, Philadelphia, making it the tallest building in North America
9.
Smock Alley Theatre
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The Smock Alley Theatre is a theatre in Dublin. The original theatre opened in 1662 and operated till 1787, in 2012, after a €3.5 million investment, a new theatre opened on the original foundations and with a lot of the original superstructure. The Smock Alley Theatre was the purpose built theatre in Ireland. It was preceded by the Werburgh Street Theatre - which was, however, only active for four years and that earlier theater came to a sudden end with the outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641. In October of that year, the Lords Justices prohibited playing there, already shortly afterwards, the building was said to be ruined and spoiled, and a cow-house made of the stage. There never was an attempt to renew theatrical activity in that location, the years of Oliver Cromwells Puritan rule were a bad time for the theater, altogether outlawed also in England itself. Moreover, Ireland, conquered by Cromwells troops, suffered various other kinds of harsh oppression, but the restoration of King Charles II - who strongly appreciated French culture, including French theater - saw the swift revival of theater and its flourishing in both England and Ireland. Within a short time of the Restoration of the Monarchy, no less than three major theaters were opened, the construction in London of Lincolns Inn Fields, and Drury Lane was closely followed by Dublins Smock Alley Theatre, the first Irish institute to be dubbed Theatre Royal. It was known as the Theatre Royal at Smock Alley when it was built and it consisted of a classical proscenium stage, pit, boxes, a middle and upper gallery, lattices and a music/orchestra loft above the stage, also the acoustics were said to be excellent. The pit had backless benches and a floor that rose toward the back of the audience to help sightlines. Mostly single men sat here, and it was the noisiest, rowdiest area in the theatre, boxes sat upper class aristocrats—mostly married couples with wives who wanted to be seen. Boxes were luxuriously decorated with velvet drapes should the occupants require some privacy during the evening. for whatever reason, the doors were wider in the boxes to allow access for the voluminous dresses of the ladies. Galleries held the class, including servants of the upper classes in attendance. These were the worst seats as they were on the level as the large chandeliers that lit the theatre. Candles were made of tallow and they were very pungent and smokey and he was pulled from the wreckage of his box with two broken legs There was another partial collapse in March 1734 after which it was abandoned for a short while. The major decision was taken to demolish and rebuild the theatre in 1735 with increased audience capacity. However a new theatre had opened in Aungier Street and it managed to wrestle the title Theatre Royal from Smock Alley for a time, in 1745 Thomas Sheridan, godson of Jonathan Swift, took on the role of manager of Smock Alley and Aungier Street. He made many improvements and reclaimed the title Theatre Royal for Smock Alley, by 1750 the Aungier Street theatre had closed down
10.
Charles Bonnet
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Charles Bonnet, Genevan naturalist and philosophical writer, was born at Geneva, of a French family driven into the region by the religious persecution in the 16th century. The last twenty five years of his life he spent quietly in the country, at Genthod, near Geneva and his wife was a lady of the family of De la Rive. They had no children, but Madame Bonnets nephew, the celebrated Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, was brought up as their son and he made law his profession, but his favourite pursuit was the study of natural science. The account of the ant-lion in Noël-Antoine Pluches Spectacle de la nature and he procured RAF de Réaumurs work on insects, and with the help of live specimens succeeded in adding many observations to those of Réaumur and Pluche. During that year he had been in correspondence with his uncle Abraham Trembley who had discovered the hydra. This little creature became the hit of all the salons across Europe once philosophers and natural scientists saw its amazing regenerative capabilities. In 1743, he was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society, in 1753, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and on 15 December 1769 a foreign member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. But Bonnets eyesight, which threatened to fail altogether, caused him to turn to philosophy, in 1754 his Essai de psychologie was published anonymously in London. This was followed by the Essai analytique sur les facultés de lâme, in 1760 he described a condition now called Charles Bonnet Syndrome, in which vivid, complex visual hallucinations occur in psychologically normal people. Bonnets philosophical system may be outlined as follows, man is a compound of two distinct substances, mind and body, the one immaterial and the other material. All knowledge originates in sensations, sensations follow vibrations in the nerves appropriate to each, and lastly, the nerves are made to vibrate by external physical stimulus. A nerve once set in motion by a particular object tends to reproduce that motion, the sensation accompanying this increased flexibility in the nerve is, according to Bonnet, the condition of memory. That which puts the mind into activity is pleasure or pain, the divine Being originally created a multitude of germs in a graduated scale, each with an inherent power of self-development. Thus not man only but all forms of existence are immortal. Nor is mans mind alone immortal, his also will pass into the higher stage, not, indeed, the body he now possesses. It is impossible, however, to absolute perfection, because the distance is infinite. In this final proposition, Bonnet violates his own principle of continuity and it is also difficult to understand whether the constant advance to perfection is performed by each individual, or only by each race of beings as a whole. In Philosophical Palingesis, or Ideas on the Past and Future States of Living Beings, Bonnets complete works appeared at Neuchâtel in 1779–1783, partly revised by himself
11.
John Gilbert Cooper
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John Gilbert Cooper or John Gilbert was a British poet and writer. John Gilbert was born in Lockington, Leicestershire and his father was left a legacy which included Thurgarton Priory which he was allowed if he changed his name to Cooper. John Gilbert Cooper was educated locally and then at Westminster School and he completed his education at Trinity College, Cambridge. Cooper first published poetry in 1742 occasionally until he became a contributor to The Museum which was published by Robert Dodsley. His contributions to Dodsleys journal was under the nom de plume of Philaretes, Coopers claim to notability comes from his prose, poetry and a public row he had with William Warburton. The row arose from a book he published on Socrates where his work ignored the view of many including Warburton. Warburton responded to Coopers 1749, Life of Socrates with an Essay on Criticism in 1751, Cooper unwisely accused Warburton of personal attack in Cursory Remarks on Mr Warburtons New Edition of Mr Popes Works - it was unwise as he also made personal attacks on Warburton. Samuel Johnson later described Cooper as the Punchinello of literature, Coopers 1754 Letters Concerning Taste was said to be the first book on the subject of taste. Cooper died early after suffering with kidney stones and was buried at Thurgarton, besides Coopers books he also inspired a noted painting by Joseph Wright of Derby. The painting entitled Miravan Breaking Open the Tomb of his Ancestors was based on a story in Coopers Letters of Taste, Cooper had recounted a story where a greedy nobleman despoils his ancestors grave in search of riches to find himself cursed by his ancestor. John Gilbert Cooper at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive Works by John Gilbert Cooper at Project Gutenberg Works by or about John Gilbert Cooper at Internet Archive
12.
Sarah Fielding
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Sarah Fielding was an English author and sister of the novelist Henry Fielding. She wrote The Governess, or The Little Female Academy, the first novel in English aimed specifically at children, earlier she had success with her novel The Adventures of David Simple. Sarah Fielding was born in 1710 after Henry and Ursula, her siblings were Anne, Beatrice. Sarahs father, Edmund Feilding, the son of John Feilding, was a military officer. Although Edmund spelled his last name Feilding as often as Fielding, when asked by an Earl of Denbigh why, Henry Fieldings son said, I cannot tell, my Lord, except it be that my branch of the family were the first that knew how to spell. Sarah Fieldings mother, Sarah Gould, was the daughter of Sir Henry Gould and this descent is important for understanding the early life and education of Edmund Feildings children. Edmund left the care of his children to his wifes mother, Lady Sarah Gould, the children grew up in her home in Glastonbury and their paternal grandfathers house in East Stour. Henry was sent to Eton, but all of the daughters were sent to Mary Rookess boarding school in Salisbury. Lady Gould was so set against Anne and her enlargement to the family that in 1721, she sued for custody of the children and she eventually won, leaving the children unable to see their father for years. In the 1740s, Fielding moved to London, sometimes living with her sisters and sometimes with her brother Henry, the women of the family lacked sufficient money for a dowry, and consequently none married. Even when Lady Gould died in 1733, there was money for the children. Fielding turned to writing to make a living, while she lived with her brother and acted as his housekeeper, she began to write. In 1742, Henry Fielding published Joseph Andrews, and Fielding is often credited with having written the letter from Leonora to Horatio, in 1743, Henry Fielding published his Miscellanies, and Fielding may have written its narrative of the life of Anne Boleyn. In 1744, Fielding published a novel, The Adventures of David Simple, as was the habit, it was published anonymously. The novel was successful and gathered praise from contemporaries, including the publisher. Richardson, who was himself the target of Henry Fieldings satire, said that he thought Sarah, the Adventures of David Simple went into a second edition within ten weeks, and was translated into French and German. The title pages to Fieldings novels often carried the advertisement that they were written by the author of David Simple, the novel was sufficiently popular that Fielding wrote Familiar Letters between the Principal Characters in David Simple as an epistolary furtherance to the novel in 1747. In 1753, she wrote a sequel to The Adventures of David Simple entitled David Simple, David Simple was one of the earliest sentimental novels, featuring a wayfaring hero in search of true friendship who triumphs by good nature and moral strength
