1.
1840 in Ireland
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Events from the year 1840 in Ireland. 10 January - Uniform Penny Post introduced,19 May - Foundation stone of the Roman Catholic St Mels cathedral, Longford, is laid. 10 July - General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland established, on 31 July Thomas Tait becomes the first convert baptised in Ireland, at Loughbrickland. The Palm House in Belfast Botanic Gardens is completed, constructed by Richard Turner of Dublin and it is one of the earliest examples of a curvilinear cast iron glasshouse in the world. Bewleys established as tea and coffee importers, edward Buntings The Ancient Music of Ireland is published, incorporating A Dissertation on the Irish Harp and Harpers, Including an Account of the Old Melodies of Ireland. 1 January - Patrick Walsh, journalist, politician and mayor of Augusta,4 January - Bishop Richard Owens, Bishop of Clogher 1894-1909. 8 January - Henry Arthur Blake, British colonial administrator and Governor of Hong Kong,17 January - William Pery, 3rd Earl of Limerick, peer. 27 February - Thomas Kelly-Kenny, British Army general who served in the Second Boer War,29 February - John Philip Holland, engineer, developed the first Royal Navy submarine. 25 March - Myles Keogh, officer in American Civil War, later in U. S. 7th Cavalry Regiment,26 April - Paddy Hannan, gold prospector whose discovery in 1893 near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia set off a gold rush. 27 April - Tom Gallaher, tobacco manufacturer,23 May - George Throssell, second Premier of Western Australia. 20 September - Ellen Mary Clerke, author, journalist, poet,1 November - Arthur Guinness, 1st Baron Ardilaun, businessman, politician, and philanthropist. 17 November - Lawrence Parsons, 4th Earl of Rosse, eighteenth Chancellor of Trinity College, Dublin (d.28 December - Thomas Hovenden, artist, timothy H. OSullivan, photographer in the United States 15 April - Thomas Drummond, military surveyor and Under-Secretary for Ireland. 21 April - Standish OGrady, 1st Viscount Guillamore, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Ireland,12 June - Gerald Griffin, novelist, poet and playwright. 20 August - George Canning, 1st Baron Garvagh, politician
2.
1839 in Ireland
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Events from the year 1839 in Ireland. 6–7 January - Night of the Big Wind, a severe windstorm sweeps across Ireland killing hundreds,22 June - The Earl of Belfast lays the foundation stone for the Palm House in Belfast Botanic Gardens. 12 August - The Ulster Railway is opened between Belfast and Lisburn, Charles Levers The Confessions of Harry Lorrequer is published in Dublin. 6 January - Arthur Gore, 5th Earl of Arran, Anglo-Irish peer,16 March - John Butler Yeats, artist and father of William Butler Yeats and Jack Butler Yeats. 27 March - John Ballance, 14th Premier of New Zealand,1 April - St. Clair Augustine Mulholland, American Civil War officer. 7 April - David Baird, United States Senator from New Jersey from 1918 to 1919,27 April - Charles Frederick Houghton, soldier and politician in Canada. 10 May - Thomas Joseph Carr, second Roman Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne,11 July - William John Hennessy, artist. 5 September - Sir Rowland Blennerhassett, 4th Baronet, Liberal Party MP.4 November - Thomas MacDonald Patterson, politician,24 November - James William Adams, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1879 at Killa Kazi, Afghanistan. 30 December - John Todhunter, poet and playwright, William Lundon, Irish Parliamentary Party MP. Thomas Murphy, recipient of the Victoria Cross for bravery at sea in saving life in a storm off the Andaman Islands in 1867,18 November - Hans Blackwood, 3rd Baron Dufferin and Claneboye. Gideon Ouseley, Methodisms apostle to the Irish
3.
1838 in Ireland
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Events from the year 1838 in Ireland. 4–22 April - The paddle steamer SS Sirius makes the Transatlantic Crossing to New York from Cork in eighteen days,15 August - Following a year of widespread hunger the government institutes relief work and reduces the tithe rent for the poor by the Poor Law and Tithe Acts. Foundation of a society in Cork known as the Knights of Father Mathew by Theobald Mathew. January - Richard W. Dowling, victorious commander at the Second Battle of Sabine Pass in the American Civil War,2 February - Nathaniel Burslem, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1860 at the Taku Forts, China. 13 February - Michael Sullivan, physician, professor and politician in Canada,26 March - William Edward Hartpole Lecky, historian. 3 June - Daniel OReilly, U. S,5 July - William Robinson, gardener. 8 July - Colonel John Burke, soldier in America,28 July - Augustus Nicholas Burke, artist. 24 August - James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn, politician,11 September - John Ireland, third Bishop and first Archbishop of Saint Paul, Minnesota. 18 September - Sir Thomas Drew, architect, first designer of St Annes Cathedral,1 November - Anthony Traill, provost of Trinity College Dublin. 18 December - Michael Thomas Stenson, politician in Canada, James Gildea, soldier and philanthropist, founded the Soldiers, Sailors and Airmens Families Association. John Philip Nolan, soldier, landowner and politician, dudley Stagpoole, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1863 near Poutoko in Taranaki, New Zealand. 25 August - William Annesley, 3rd Earl Annesley, politician, amhlaoibh Ó Súilleabháin, author, teacher, draper and politician
4.
1837 in Ireland
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Events from the year 1837 in Ireland. Shaws Bank merges with the Royal Bank of Ireland, August - Following a very cold summer there is widespread failure of the potato crop, as in 1836, leading to famine later in the year. 18 August - The Roman Catholic Tuam Cathedral is dedicated,4 September - HMS Terror, badly damaged during an Arctic expedition, is beached at Lough Swilly to save her. February - Charles Lever begins publishing his fictional The Confessions of Harry Lorrequer in Dublin University Magazine, thomas Crofton Croker publishes Popular Songs of Ireland. Tyrone Power stages and acts in the Irish-themed plays St. Patricks Eve,16 March - Frederick Wolseley, inventor of the sheep shearing machine. 7 May - John Michael Clancy, Democrat United States Representative from New York,24 May - John McDonald, soldier and Congressman in America. 28 May - George Ashlin, architect,1 August - Mary Harris Jones, labor leader in America. Allan James Foley, operatic bass singer,4 September - Edward Gibson, 1st Baron Ashbourne, lawyer and Lord Chancellor of Ireland. 1 October - Edward James Saunderson, leader of the Irish Unionist Party in the British House of Commons, full date unknown - Patrick Graham, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1857 at Lucknow, India. 20 January - Arthur Gore, 3rd Earl of Arran, politician,23 January - John Field, composer and pianist. 1 February - Edward Donovan, writer, traveller and amateur zoologist,27 February - Lord Kingsborough, antiquarian. 20 June - William IV of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 13 July - William Hare, 1st Earl of Listowel, peer and MP.24 November - Richard Trench, 2nd Earl of Clancarty, diplomat, Irish, and later British, MP. Gilbert Austin, educator, clergyman and author
5.
1836 in Ireland
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Events from the year 1836 in Ireland. 30 January - The Intrinsic sinks off Kilkee with the loss of all fourteen on board, February - Foundation of the Ulster Bank in Belfast. 4 April - Daniel OConnell gives a speech on Justice for Ireland,4 May - The Ancient Order of Hibernians, an Irish Catholic fraternal organization, is founded in New York City. 23 May - Irish Constabulary Act provides central organisation for the police in Ireland,4 June - The Sligo Champion newspaper is first published. August - Following one of the coldest summers in over fifty years there is failure of the potato crop. 19 September - First burial at Mount Jerome Cemetery in Harolds Cross, Dublin, Foundation of the Royal Bank of Ireland, a constituent of Allied Irish Banks. Foundation of the Ulster Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Irish emigration to Montevideo, Uruguay, peaks. Francis Sylvester Mahonys light verse The Reliques of Father Prout published,17 January - William MacCormac, surgeon. 16 February - Robert Halpin, master mariner, may - Thomas Lane, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1860 at the Taku Forts, China. 9 June - Henry Arthur McArdle, painter in the United States,10 October - Dalton McCarthy, lawyer and politician in Canada. Lot Flannery, sculptor in the United States,31 March - Edward Southwell Ruthven, Repealer politician and member of the United Kingdom Parliament 8 August - James Blackwood, 2nd Baron Dufferin and Claneboye, politician. 21 August - William Cusac Smith, Baronet, judge
6.
Ireland
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Ireland is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth. Politically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, in 2011, the population of Ireland was about 6.4 million, ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain. Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland, the islands geography comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with several navigable rivers extending inland. The island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild, thick woodlands covered the island until the Middle Ages. As of 2013, the amount of land that is wooded in Ireland is about 11% of the total, there are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland. The Irish climate is moderate and classified as oceanic. As a result, winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, however, summers are cooler than those in Continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant, the earliest evidence of human presence in Ireland is dated at 10,500 BC. Gaelic Ireland had emerged by the 1st century CE, the island was Christianised from the 5th century onward. Following the Norman invasion in the 12th century, England claimed sovereignty over Ireland, however, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century Tudor conquest, which led to colonisation by settlers from Britain. In the 1690s, a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters, with the Acts of Union in 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s and this subsided following a political agreement in 1998. In 1973 the Republic of Ireland joined the European Economic Community while the United Kingdom, Irish culture has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the fields of literature. Alongside mainstream Western culture, an indigenous culture exists, as expressed through Gaelic games, Irish music. The culture of the island shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as association football, rugby, horse racing. The name Ireland derives from Old Irish Eriu and this in turn derives from Proto-Celtic *Iveriu, which is also the source of Latin Hibernia. Iveriu derives from a root meaning fat, prosperous, during the last glacial period, and up until about 9000 years ago, most of Ireland was covered with ice, most of the time
7.
1842 in Ireland
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Events from the year 1842 in Ireland. 15 October - The Nation newspaper is founded in Dublin,6 February - Jeremiah OSullivan, Roman Catholic Bishop of Mobile. 10 February - Agnes Mary Clerke, astronomer and writer,9 May - William Hone, cricketer. 23 August - Osborne Reynolds, engineer and prominent innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics, John Devoy, Fenian organiser, exiled to America. 11 April - John England, first Catholic Bishop of Charleston,8 June - Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton, politician. 12 August - William Corbet, member of the United Irishmen, soldier,30 August - John Banim, dramatist and playwright. 28 September - Sir Michael OLoghlen, 1st Baronet, judge, politician,4 October - Lowry Cole, soldier, politician and MP for Enniskillen from 1797 to 1800, Governor of Mauritius and Cape Colony. William Beatty, Ships Surgeon on HMS Victory during the Battle of Trafalgar
8.
1843 in Ireland
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Events from the year 1843 in Ireland. January - Daniel OConnell proclaims 1843 as the Repeal Year,31 January - Queens Bridge in Belfast opens. 21 February - Repeal debate in Dublin Corporation,17 March - Earthquake in the Irish Sea. 11 June Series of monster meetings to agitate for repeal begins at Tuam,15 August - Repeal meeting at Tara. 17 August - Loreto Abbey, Dalkey opened as a girls boarding,18 August - Dalkey Atmospheric Railway opens unofficially. 7 October - OConnell gives in to government prohibition of Clontarf meeting planned for the next day, however, he is charged with conspiracy a few days later. November - Devon Commission appointed to research the problems with land leases, work starts on the building of Crumlin Road Prison in Belfast. Charles Levers novel Arthur OLeary, His wanderings and ponderings in many lands is published serially in Dublin University Magazine,3 May - Edward Dowden, critic and poet. 14 August - Thomas Workman, entomologist and arachnologist,6 November - William James Craig, Shakespearean scholar. 24 November - Richard Croker, politician in America and a leader of New York Citys Tammany Hall,21 December - Thomas Bracken, poet. 25 December - Albert Cashier, soldier in the Union Army during the American Civil War, physically female,28 December - George Thomas Stokes, ecclesiastical historian. 19 February - Michael Joseph Quin, author, journalist and editor,11 May - William Vesey-FitzGerald, 2nd Baron FitzGerald and Vesey, politician and statesman. 10 August - Robert Adrain, scientist and mathematician in America,16 November - Abraham Colles, professor of Anatomy, Surgery and Physiology at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. 21 December - Edward Bunting, musician
9.
1844 in Ireland
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Events from the year 1844 in Ireland. 29 March - Official opening of the Dalkey Atmospheric Railway,14 December - Meeting to establish the first branch of the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul in Ireland chaired by Bartholomew Woodlock. 15 December - Saint Malachys Church, Belfast is dedicated by Dr William Crolly, Archbishop of Armagh, Dublin iron-founder Richard Turner begins assembling components for the Palm house at Kew Gardens in London, the first large-scale structural use of wrought iron. Irish physician Francis Rynd utilises a hollow hypodermic needle to make the first recorded subcutaneous injections,13 July - Thomas Daviss nationalist ballad A Nation Once Again is first published, in his newspaper The Nation. Joseph Patrick Haverty paints Patrick OBrien, The Limerick Piper and his brother Martin Haverty publishes Wanderings in Spain in 1843, charles Levers novel Arthur OLeary, His wanderings and ponderings in many lands is published in book form in London. 3 February - James Henry Reynolds, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1879 at Rorkes Drift,8 February - Joseph Ivess, member of the New Zealand House of Representatives. 12 March - Patrick Collins, U. S, representative from Massachusetts and Mayor of Boston. 5 June - Thomas Cleeve, founder of Condensed Milk Company of Ireland,15 June - Charlotte Despard, suffragist, novelist and Sinn Féin activist. 28 June - John Boyle OReilly, poet and novelist,7 July - George W. Joy, painter. 1 August - Daniel John ODonoghue, printer, labour leader,9 August - John Sweetman, politician, one of founders of Sinn Féin and second President of the party in 1908. 6 November - Robert Browne, Roman Catholic Bishop of the Diocese of Cloyne,10 November - Dr. Mark F. Ryan, nationalist and author. 21 November - William Martin Murphy, Nationalist MP, newspaper proprietor,13 December - John Atkinson, Baron Atkinson, politician and judge, Attorney-General for Ireland and Law Lord. Full date unknown - James Rankin, lighthouse keeper in America,8 January - William Warren Baldwin, doctor, businessman, lawyer, judge, architect and political figure in Upper Canada. 10 January - Hudson Lowe, British military leader,13 January - Alexander Porter, United States Senator for Louisiana. 20 February - Edward Kernan, Bishop of Clogher, 1824-1844,26 August - John Keane, 1st Baron Keane, British Army Lieutenant-General. 29 August - Edmund Ignatius Rice, Roman Catholic missionary and educationalist, founder of the Congregation of Christian Brothers and the Presentation Brothers
