1.
1916 in film
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The year 1916 in film involved some significant events. August 10 - The official British documentary propaganda film The Battle of the Somme is premièred in London, in the first six weeks of general release 20 million people view it. September 5 - Release of D. W. Griffiths epic film Intolerance, Loves Struggle Through the Ages, starring Lillian Gish and Constance Talmadge and it is estimated to have cost around $2.5 million to make but is initially a commercial failure. October 17 - Release of A Daughter of the Gods, the first US production with a million dollar budget, november 19 - Samuel Goldfish and Edgar Selwyn establish Goldwyn Pictures, later to become one of the most successful independent filmmakers. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers is founded in the United States as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers,11 mm, an amateur film gauge, appears on the market
2.
1917 in film
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1917 in film was a particularly fruitful year for the art form, and is often cited as one of the years in the decade which contributed to the medium the most, along with 1913. Secondarily the year saw a limited global embrace of narrative film-making, primarily, the year is an American landmark, as 1917 is the first year where the narrative and visual style is typified as Classical Hollywood. February - Buster Keaton first meets Roscoe Fatty Arbuckle in New York and is hired as a co-star and gag man. April 23 - Release in the United States of the short The Butcher Boy, the first of Roscoe Fatty Arbuckles series of films with the Comique Film Corporation, april 25 - Thomas Lincoln Tally, in a meeting in New York, co-founds the First National Exhibitors Circuit. September 13 - Release in the United States of The Gulf Between, the first film made in Technicolor System 1, a two-color process. November 9 - Worlds first feature-length animated film is made in Argentina by Quirino Cristiani December 18 - Foundation of Universum Film AG, as a film company. Movette, another revision of the 17.5 mm film format, is made available, april 23 - The Butcher Boy, starring Fatty Arbuckle with Buster Keaton May 14 - A Romance of the Redwoods, directed by Cecil B. DeMille, starring Mary Pickford May 19 - One Law for Both directed by Ivan Abramson May 20 - Souls Triumphant, starring Lillian Gish May 21 - A Reckless Romeo, august 27 - The Little American, starring Mary Pickford, directed by Cecil B. September 22 - Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, starring Mary Pickford September 30 - Camille, a Fatty Arbuckle / Buster Keaton short. October 29 - Coney Island, a Fatty Arbuckle / Buster Keaton short. S
3.
1908 in art
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February – The Ashcan School give their first and only exhibition, opening at the Macbeth Gallery in New York. March 20–May 2 – Salon des Indépendants in Paris gives rise to the term Cubism, may – Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky produces a color photographic portrait of Leo Tolstoy. July – Allied Artists Association holds its first exhibition, at the Royal Albert Hall in London, july 29 – The Whitworth Art Gallery building in Manchester is formally opened. November – Georges Braque exhibits at Daniel-Henry Kahnweilers Paris gallery, critic Louis Vauxcelles describes him as reducing everything, hugh Lane founds the Dublin City Gallery, the worlds first to display only modern art. Paul Ranson founds the Académie Ranson in Paris, the British Medical Association Building, London, designed by Charles Holden with eighteen controversial nude sculptures by Jacob Epstein, is completed. Wassily Kandinsky settles in the Bavarian town of Murnau am Staffelsee, the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna rejects Adolf Hitlers application to study painting. Australian painter Arthur Streeton marries violinist Nora Clench, W. M. W. February 28 – William Coldstream, English realist painter. July 22 – Claire Falkenstein, American sculptor and painter, august 22 – Henri Cartier-Bresson, French photographer. August 28 Edith Tudor Hart, born Edith Suschitzky, Austrian-born photojournalist and communist agent in Britain, roger Tory Peterson, American naturalist, ornithologist, artist and educator. August 30 – Leonor Fini, Argentine surrealist painter, september 6 – Korczak Ziolkowski, Polish American sculptor. September 14 – Peter Watson, English arts benefactor October 1 – Nicholas Marsicano, October 21 – Jorge Oteiza, Spanish sculptor, painter, designer and writer. October 27 – Lee Krasner, American abstract expressionist painter, november 4 – EQ Nicholson, born Elsie Q. Myers, English textile designer and painter, november 19 – Gisèle Freund, born Gisela Freund, German-born photographer. December 3 – Victor Pasmore, English artist and architect, december 23 – Yousuf Karsh, Armenian-Canadian photographer. Myron Stout, American abstract painter Umaña, Colombian artist
4.
1908 in archaeology
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The year 1908 in archaeology involved some significant events. At Avebury by Harold St George Gray, first excavations at Samaria begin by a Harvard expedition. Ulugh Beg Observatory is discovered in Samarkand by Russian archaeologist V. L. Vyatkin, a. Hadrian Allcroft - Earthwork of England, Prehistoric, Roman, Saxon, Danish, Norman, and Mediæval. Joseph Déchelette begins publishing his Manuel dArchéologie Préhistorique, Celtique, et Gallo-romaine, venus of Willendorf found by Josef Szombath. A40, 000-year-old Neandertal boy skeleton is found at Le Moustier in southwest France by Otto Hauser, november 25, Jia Lanpo, Chinese prehistorian December 17, Willard Frank Libby, developer of radiocarbon dating Frank Calvert
5.
1908 in architecture
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The year 1908 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. April 6 - The foundation stone of Knox College, Otago, is laid, St. Marys Church, Wellingborough, England, is designed by Ninian Comper. July 20 - Casa de Nariño, official residence of the President of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, the Gamble House in Pasadena, California, designed by Henry Mather Greene and Charles Sumner Greene. British Medical Association Building, London, designed by Charles Holden with sculptures by Jacob Epstein, is completed, St. Andrews United Church in Cairo, Egypt St. Patricks Church, Toronto, Canada. Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk, Ostend, Belgium, designed by Louis Delacenserie, unity Temple, Oak Park, Illinois, United States, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Old Colony Club on Madison Avenue in New York City, designed by Stanford White of McKim, singer Building in New York City, designed by Ernest Flagg. It is the worlds tallest building for a year
6.
1908 in literature
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This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1908. March – Ezra Pound leaves America for Europe, in April, he moves to Venice, where in July he self-publishes his first collection of poems, A Lume Spento. In August he settles in London, where he will remain until 1920, june 18 – Mark Twain purchases a house in Redding, Connecticut. Summer – The Marlowe Society stages a production at the New Theatre, Cambridge, July – Katherine Mansfield moves to London, she will never return to her native New Zealand. September 30 – Maurice Maeterlincks The Blue Bird is premièred at Konstantin Stanislavskys Moscow Art Theatre, october 3 – The Avenida Theatre opens on Buenos Aires Avenida de Mayo with a production of Lope de Vegas El castigo sin venganza directed by María Guerrero. December – Ford Madox Hueffer begins publication of the literary magazine The English Review in London, yeats, produces its first publication, Poetry and Ireland, essays by W. B. Ethiopian linguist Afevork Ghevre Jesuss ልብ ፡ ወለድ ፡ ታሪክ ።, malay tale Hikayat Hang Tuah is first published, edited by Sulaiman bin Muhammed Nur and William Shellabear. Romanian writer Urmuz is known to be working on his manuscript stories, K. M. Forster – A Room with a View John Fox, Jr. Madero – La sucesión presidencial en 1910 Friedrich Nietzsche – Ecce homo, Wie man wird, was man ist Alfred R. M
7.
1908 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1908. January 26 - Sergei Rachmaninoffs Symphony No.2 receives its première, march 15 - Maurice Ravels Rapsodie espagnole receives its première in Paris. April 11 - Spyridon Samarass opera Rhea is premiered in Florence September 19 - Première of Gustav Mahlers Symphony No.7 in Prague, november 18 - Release in France of the film The Assassination of the Duke of Guise with a score from Saint-Saëns. December 3 - Edward Elgars Symphony No.1 receives its première in Manchester, december 18 - Claude Debussys Childrens Corner receives its première in Paris. Anthony Maggio publishes a dance band orchestration of early Blues I Got The Blues in New Orleans, opera singer Amelita Galli marries the Marchese Luigi Curci, and acquires the name by which she becomes best-known. The ABCs of the U. S. A. w. m. George M. Cohan from the musical The Yankee Prince All For Love Of You w. Dave Reed m. Ernest R. Ball Any Old Port In A Storm w. Arthur J. Lamb m, kerry Mills Black And White Rag w. m. George Botsford Call Round Any Old Time w. m, Charles Moore & E. W. Rogers Consolation by Edward Madden Cuddle Up A Little Closer, Lovey Mine w. Otto Harbach m. Karl Hoschna Daisies Wont Tell w. m. Anita Owen Down Among The Sugar Cane w. Avery & Charles Hart m, cecil Mack & Chris Smith Down In Jungle Town w. Edward Madden m. Theodore F. Morse Dusty Rag m. May Aufderhelde The Fairest Of The Fair w. m, john Philip Sousa Feed The Kitty w. Ed Moran m. J. Fred Helf Fig Leaf Rag by Scott Joplin Gee But Theres Class To A Girl Like You w. m. W. R. Williams Golliwogs Cake Walk m. Claude Debussy Good Evening, C. W. Murphy & Will Letters. With new lyrics by William McKenna it was performed by Nora Bayes in the 1910 Broadway production of the musical The Jolly Bachelors Hoo-oo Aint You Calling Me w. m. Al Piantodosi & Halsey K. Mohr Im Glad Im Married w. Jack Norworth m. Albert Von Tilzer Im Looking For The Man That Wrote The Merry Widow Waltz w. Edgar Selden m. Kerry Mills The Longest Way Round Is The Sweetest Way Home w. Ren Shields m, kerry Mills Love Is Like A Cigarette w. Glen MacDonough m. Jean Schwartz Mephisto Rag by Anthony J. Stasny Mother Hasnt Spoken To Father Since w. William Jerome m, jean Schwartz My Brudda Sylvest w. Jesse Lasky m. Fred Fisher My Girls A Yorkshire Girl w. m, C. W. Murphy & Dan Lipton Now I Have To Call Him Father w. m. Charles Collins & Fred Godfrey The Old Time Rag w. Edward Madden m. Theodore Morse Pine Apple Rag by Scott Joplin Roses Bring Dreams Of You w. m. Herbert Ingraham She Sells Sea-Shells w. Terry Sullivan m. Harry Gifford Shine On Harvest Moon w. Jack Norworth m, Nora Bayes & Jack Norworth A Singer Sang A Song w
8.
Reel
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A reel is an object around which lengths of another material are wound for storage. Generally a reel has a core and walls on the sides to retain the material wound around the core. In some cases the core is hollow, although other items may be mounted on it, the size of the core is dependent on several factors. A smaller core will obviously allow more material to be stored in a given space, however, there is a limit to how tightly the stored material can be wound without damaging it and this limits how small the core can be. Other issues affecting the core include, Mechanical strength of the core Acceptable turning speed any functional requirements of the core e. g. For a reel that must be mechanically turned the size of the grips that mount it on the mechanical turning device, the size of the mountings needed to support the core during unwinding. Anything mounted on the cores With material such as photographic film that is flat and long but is relatively wide, in cases where the material is more uniform in cross-section, the material may be safely wound around a reel that is wider than its width. In this case, several windings are needed to create a layer on the reel, most films have visible cues which mark the end of the reel. This allows projectionists running reel-to-reel to change over to the reel on the other projector. A so-called two-reeler would have run about 20–24 minutes since the short film shipped to a movie theater for exhibition may have had slightly less than 1,000 ft on it. Most modern projectionists use the term reel when referring to a 2, 000-foot two-reeler, as modern films are rarely shipped by single 1, a standard Hollywood movie averages about five 2000-foot reels in length. Had it not been standardized there would have many difficulties in the manufacture of the related equipment. A16 mm reel is 400 feet and it runs, at sound speed, approximately the same amount of time as a 1, 000-foot 35 mm reel. A split reel is a motion picture film reel in two halves that, when assembled, hold a specific length of motion picture film that has been wound on a plastic core. Using a split reel allows film to be shipped or handled in a lighter and smaller form than film would on a fixed reel, in silent film terminology, two films on one reel. Actors may submit a demo reel of their work to prospective employers, often in physical reel format
9.
1887 in film
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The following is an overview of the events of 1887 in film, including a list of films released and notable births. Hannibal Goodwin files for a patent for his photographic film, Louis Le Princes 16-lens camera is made in the United States and the film Man Walking Around a Corner is filmed using it this year. Man Walking Around a Corner, directed by Louis Le Prince, filmed in Paris before 18 August 1887. People could view realistic photographs with nature, history, and science themes, at first, the shows used random images, but over time, the projectionists began to place the slides in logical order, creating a narrative. The next step back to pre-date the Langenheim brothers work is the process created by Louis Daguerre in 1839 called daguerreotype. Followed 2 years later by a photographic process created by William Henry Fox Talbot in 1841 called calotype. The next step back to pre-date Daguerres work is a theory of moving images presented by Peter Mark Roget in 1824 called Persistence of Vision. This theory helped advance experiments to prove that a frame rate of less than 16 frames per second caused the mind to see flashing images. Audiences still interpret motion at rates as low as ten frames per second or slower, a modern theatrical film runs at 24 frames a second. This is the case for both film and digital cinema systems. Archived from the original on 2013-07-13
10.
1896 in film
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The following is an overview of the events of 1896 in film, including a list of films released and notable births. January - In the United States, the Vitascope film projector is designed by Charles Francis Jenkins, Armat begins working with Thomas Edison to manufacture it. January 14 - Birt Acres demonstrates his film projector, the Kineopticon and this is the first film show to an audience in the U. K. February 20 - In London, Robert W. Paul demonstrates his film projector, the Theatrograph, at the Alhambra Theatre. The Lumière Brothers first project their films in Britain, at the Empire Theatre of Varieties, april - Edison and Armats Vitascope is used to project motion pictures in public screenings in New York City. May 14 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia is crowned in Moscow, in France, magician and filmmaker Georges Méliès begins experimenting with the new motion picture technology, developing early special effect techniques, including stop motion. The Pathé Frères film company is founded, William Selig founds the Selig Polyscope Company in Chicago. Demeny-Gaumont work on a 60 mm format, first known as Biographe, casimir Sivan and E. Dalphin create a 38 mm format. H. Laddé The Haunted Castle, directed by Georges Méliès The Kiss, directed by William Heise, starring May Irwin, may be considered the first romantic film. H. Laddé Up the River, directed by Unknown The Vanishing Lady, directed by Georges Méliès Zwemplaats voor Jongelingen te Amsterdam, mantell 1896 in film playlist on YouTube
11.
1910s in film
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The decade of the 1910s in film involved some significant films. The 1910s saw the origins of Hollywood as the centre of the American film industry relocated from New York to California, by 1912, major motion-picture companies had set up production near or in Los Angeles. In the early 1900s, most motion picture patents were held by Thomas Edisons Motion Picture Patents Company in New Jersey, to escape this, filmmakers began moving out west, where Edisons patents could not be enforced. Also, the weather was ideal and there was access to various settings. Los Angeles became the capital of the film industry, during the First World War the film industries of Europe were devastated, and Hollywood replaced the French and Italian firms as the most popular film makers in the world. Film, History of film, Lists of films
