1.
Pulitzer Prize
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The Pulitzer Prize /ˈpʊlᵻtsər/ is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher, Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of the categories, each receives a certificate. The winner in the service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal. The Pulitzer Prize does not automatically consider all applicable works in the media, entries must fit in at least one of the specific prize categories, and cannot simply gain entrance for being literary or musical. Works can also only be entered in a maximum of two categories, regardless of their properties, each year,102 jurors are selected by the Pulitzer Prize Board to serve on 20 separate juries for the 21 award categories, one jury makes recommendations for both photography awards. For each award category, a jury makes three nominations, the board selects the winner by majority vote from the nominations or bypasses the nominations and selects a different entry following a 75% majority vote. The board can also vote to issue no award, the board and journalism jurors are not paid for their work, however, the jurors in letters, music, and drama receive a $2,000 honorarium for the year, and each chair receives $2,500. Anyone whose work has been submitted is called an entrant, the jury selects a group of nominated finalists and announces them, together with the winner for each category. However, some journalists who were submitted, but not nominated as finalists. For example, Bill Dedman of msnbc, Dedman wrote, To call that submission a Pulitzer nomination is like saying that Adam Sandler is an Oscar nominee if Columbia Pictures enters Thats My Boy in the Academy Awards. Many readers realize that the Oscars dont work that way—the studios dont pick the nominees and its just a way of slipping Academy Awards into a bio. The Pulitzers also dont work that way, but fewer people know that, newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer gave money in his will to Columbia University to launch a journalism school and establish the Prize. It allocated $250,000 to the prize and scholarships and he specified four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one in education, and four traveling scholarships. After his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded June 4,1917, many people have won more than one Pulitzer Prize. Nelson Harding is the person to have won a Prize in two consecutive years, the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1927 and 1928. Four prizes Robert Frost, Poetry Eugene ONeill, Drama Robert E, in rare instances, contributors to the entry are singled out in the citation in a manner analogous to individual winners. Journalism awards may be awarded to individuals or newspapers or newspaper staffs, infrequently, Awards are made in categories relating to journalism, arts, letters and fiction
2.
Chicago Daily News
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The Chicago Daily News was an afternoon daily newspaper published between 1876 and 1978 in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The Daily News was founded by Melville E. Stone, Percy Meggy, byron Andrews, fresh out of Hobart College, was one of the first reporters. Victor F. Lawson bought the Chicago Daily News in 1876, Stone remained involved as an editor and later bought back an ownership stake, but Lawson took over full ownership again in 1888. Lawson introduced many innovations to the business including advancements in newspaper promotion, classified advertising, and syndication of news stories, serials, the Chicago Daily News became known for its distinctive, aggressive writing style which 1920s editor Henry Justin Smith likened to a daily novel. In its heyday from the 1930s to 1950s it was syndicated and boasted a first-class foreign news service. In 1922, the rival Chicago Tribune began to experiment with radio news at Westinghouse-owned KYW-AM, the Daily News entered into a partnership with The Fair Department Store to launch WGU-AM, which would later be renamed WMAQ-AM. The newspaper would take full ownership of the station and absorb shared band rival WQJ-AM, which was jointly owned by the Calumet Baking Powder Company. WMAQ would pioneer many firsts in radio—one of them the first complete Chicago Cubs season broadcast on radio in 1925, in 1930, the station obtained a license for an experimental television station, W9XAP, but had already begun transmitting from it just prior to its being granted. Working with Sears Roebuck stores by providing them with the receivers, ulises Armand Sanabria was the television pioneer behind this and other early Chicago television experiments. The Chicago Tribune, not to be out of radio, purchased WDAP. In 1931 The Daily News sold WMAQ to NBC, in 1929, it moved into a new 26-floor headquarters building at 400 West Madison Street. Designed by architects Holabird & Root, the Art Deco structure became a Chicago landmark and it featured a mural by John W. Norton depicting the newspaper production process. Field already owned the morning Chicago Sun-Times, and the Daily News moved into the Sun-Times building on North Wabash Avenue, a few years later Mike Royko became the papers lead columnist, and quickly rose to local and national prominence. In 1977 the Daily News was redesigned and added features intended to increase its appeal to younger readers, the Chicago Daily News published its last edition on Saturday, March 4,1978. There was a subsequent attempt to make it as an afternoon daily, the paper went back into publication with a weekend edition dated August 4–5,1979. The publisher of the revival was former Illinois governor Richard B and this final attempt to gain popularity was not successful and the paper finally went back out of publication a few months later. The headquarters of the Daily News and sister newspaper the Sun-Times was located at 401 North Wabash before the building was demolished and it is now the site of Trump International Hotel and Tower. The Chicago Daily News was awarded the Pulitzer Prize thirteen times, the Founding of the Chicago Daily News
3.
Leopold-Loeb
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After the two men were arrested, Loebs family retained Clarence Darrow as counsel for their defense. Darrows 12-hour-long summation at their hearing is noted for its influential criticism of capital punishment as retributive rather than transformative justice. Both men were sentenced to life imprisonment plus 99 years, Loeb was murdered by a fellow prisoner in 1936, Leopold was released on parole in 1958. The Franks murder has been the inspiration for works of film, theatre. Later movies, such as Compulsion—adapted from Meyer Levins 1957 novel—and Swoon, were based on the crime. Nathan Leopold was born on November 19,1904 in Chicago, Illinois and he reportedly had studied 15 languages and spoke at least five fluently, and had achieved a measure of national recognition as an ornithologist. He and several other ornithologists identified Kirtlands warbler, a songbird that had not been observed in the Chicago area in over half a century. Richard Loeb was born on June 11,1905 in Chicago to the family of Anna Henrietta and Albert Henry Loeb and his father was Jewish and his mother was Catholic. Like Leopold, Loeb was exceptionally intelligent, the two young men grew up with their respective families in the affluent Kenwood neighborhood on Chicagos South Side. The Loebs owned an estate, now called Castle Farms, in Charlevoix, Michigan, in addition to their mansion in Kenwood. Though Leopold and Loeb knew each other casually while growing up, their relationship flourished at the University of Chicago, particularly after they discovered a mutual interest in crime. Leopold believed that he was one of these individuals, and as such, by his interpretation of Nietzsches doctrines, before long he had convinced Loeb that he, too, was an Übermensch. In a letter to Loeb, Leopold wrote, A superman, is, on account of certain superior qualities inherent in him, exempted from the ordinary laws which govern men. He is not liable for anything he may do, the pair began asserting their perceived immunity from normal restrictions with acts of petty theft and vandalism. Breaking into a fraternity house at the university, they stole penknives, a camera, emboldened, they progressed to a series of more serious crimes, including arson, but no one seemed to notice. Leopold and Loeb settled on the kidnapping and murder of a boy as their perfect crime. They spent seven months planning everything from the method of abduction to disposal of the body and they typed the final set of instructions involving the actual money drop in the form of a ransom note, using the typewriter stolen from the fraternity house. A chisel was selected as the weapon, and purchased
4.
Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing
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The Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Journalism. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, the program has also recognized opinion journalism with its Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning from 1922. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, one person ordinarily wins the award for work with one newspaper or with affiliated papers, and that was true without exception between 1936 and 1977. In the early years, several newspapers were recognized without naming any writer, several times from 1977, two or three people have shared the award for their work with one paper. In its first 97 years to 2013, the Editorial Writing Pulitzer was awarded 89 times, in nine years there was no award given and there were two prizes in 1936. 1927, F. P. Chase, Atlantic News-Telegraph, for an editorial titled,1935, no award given 1936, Felix Morley, The Washington Post, for distinguished editorial writing during the year 1936, George B. The Gainesville Sun, for his editorials in support of the desegregation of Floridas schools. Bethlehem Globe-Times, for his campaign to reduce racial tensions in Bethlehem 1973
5.
The Post and Courier
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The Post and Courier is the main daily newspaper in Charleston, South Carolina. It traces its ancestry to three newspapers, the Charleston Courier, founded in 1803, the Charleston Daily News, founded 1865, through the Courier, it is the oldest daily newspaper in the South, and one of the oldest continuously operating newspapers in the United States. It is the newspaper of the Evening Post Industries. It is the largest newspaper in South Carolina, followed by Columbias The State, the Charleston Courier, founded in 1803, and Charleston Daily News, founded in 1865, merged to form the News and Courier in 1873. In 1926, The News and Courier was bought by the owners of Charlestons main evening paper, The Evening Post. By 1991, it was apparent Charleston could no longer support two newspapers, so the News and Courier and Evening Post were merged into a morning newspaper, The Post. However, the two papers had shared the editorial staff since the 1980s. The founder of the Courier, Aaron Smith Willington, came from Massachusetts with newspaper experience. In the early 19th century, he was known to row out to ships from London, Liverpool, Havre. He also had a translator working for him, so he could copy items from the Havana newspapers, rudolph Septimus Siegling also served as editor during the 1800s. The paper acquired several sisters in the 1990s when its parent bought other newspapers, in 2008, the newspaper won national awards from the Society of Professional Journalists and American Society of Newspaper Editors for coverage of the Charleston Sofa Super Store fire. In 2008, Reporter Tony Bartelme also won the prestigious Gerald Loeb Award for a story about the effect of Chinas growth on local economies, in 2015 it won the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for coverage of domestic violence. The reported numbers for The Post and Couriers circulation as of the six months ended September 30,2009, were 86,084 daily and 94,940 on Sundays. This is down some 13% from the period ended March 31,2008, at the start of 2009, The Post and Couriers circulation figures were down to 94,647 for dailies, and 97,549 for Sundays—4. 8% down on the previous years figures. By the end of 2012, the figures had declined again down to 82,266 for dailies. Due to a decline in revenue, the paper offered a buyout to employees in 2008 in which 64 full-time employees left in an attempt to streamline the company and this attempt to streamline the company and save money brought the headcount down to 381 by the start of 2009. On February 6,2009,25 more layoffs were announced, on March 23,2009, Evening Post Publishing Co. The newspaper said the move was necessary because of the weakness of the economy
6.
Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning
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The Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartoon is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Journalism. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, in its first 92 years to 2013, the Editorial Cartooning Pulitzer was awarded 87 times, none was given in five years and it was never split. Many cartoonists won it more than once. 1935, Ross A. Lewis, Milwaukee Journal, for Sure, Ill Work for Both Sides 1936, no award given 1937, C. D. Batchelor, New York Daily News, for Come on in, Ill treat you right. Berryman, Evening Star, for Where Is the Boat Going, goldberg, New York Sun, for Peace Today 1949, Lute Pease, Newark Evening News, for Who Me. The award is given for distinguished body of the work of Mr. Fitzpatrick in both 1954 and his entire career. Mauldin, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for I won the Nobel Prize for Literature, oliphant, The Denver Post, for They Wont Get Us To The Conference Table. 2016, Jack Ohman of The Sacramento Bee for cartoons that convey wry, rueful perspectives through sophisticated style that combines bold line work with subtle colors, through 2013, seventeen people have won the Editorial Cartooning Pulitzer twice and five of them have won it three times. Nelson Harding won the prize consecutively in 1927 and 1928 and this book chronologically states the awards, displays the artwork, and then describes the cartoon, Heinz-Dietrich Fischer. Political Caricatures on Global Issues, Pulitzer Prize Winning Editorial Cartoons
7.
Rollin Kirby
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Rollin Kirby was an American political cartoonist. In 1922 he was chronologically the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning, Kirby worked as a cartoonist at the New York Mail, New York World and the New York Post. His Pulitzer Prizes were for cartoons On the Road to Moscow, News from the Outside World, websters Biographical Dictionary, G. & C. Media related to Rollin Kirby at Wikimedia Commons Rollin Kirby posters, hosted by the University of North Texas Libraries Digital Collections Works by or about Rollin Kirby at Internet Archive
8.
New York World
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The New York World was a newspaper published in New York City from 1860 until 1931. The paper played a role in the history of American newspapers. It was a national voice of the Democratic Party. From 1883 to 1911 under publisher Joseph Pulitzer, it became a pioneer in yellow journalism, capturing readers attention, the World was formed in 1860. From 1862 to 1876, it was edited by Manton Marble, in 1864, the World was shut down for three days after it published forged documents purportedly from Abraham Lincoln. But Scott was unable to meet the newspapers growing losses, Gould, like Scott, used the paper for his own purposes, employing it to help him take over Western Union. But Gould could not turn the state of the newspaper around. Joseph Pulitzer bought the World in 1883 and began an era of circulation building. Reporter Nellie Bly became one of Americas first investigative journalists, often working undercover, as a publicity stunt for the paper, inspired by the Jules Verne novel Around the World in Eighty Days, she traveled around the planet in 72 days in 1889-1890. In 1890, Pulitzer built the New York World Building, the tallest office building in the world at the time, in 1889, Julius Chambers was appointed by Pulitzer as managing editor of the New York World, he served until 1891. In 1896, the World began using a printing press, it was the first newspaper to launch a color supplement. It joined a battle with William Randolph Hearsts New York Journal American. The World was attacked for being sensational, and its battles with Hearsts Journal American gave rise to the term yellow journalism. The charges of sensationalism were most frequently leveled at the paper by more established publishers, and while the World presented its fair share of crime stories, it also published damning exposés of tenement abuses. After a heat wave in 1883 killed a number of poor children. Its coverage spurred action in the city for reform, hearst reproduced Pulitzers approach in the San Francisco Examiner and later in the Journal American. Frank Irving Cobb was employed on a basis as the editor of the World in 1904 by publisher Pulitzer. Cobb was a fiercely independent Kansan who resisted Pulitzers attempts to run the office from his home, the elder man was so invested in the paper that he continually meddled with Cobbs work
9.
Pulitzer Prize for the Novel
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The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It recognizes distinguished fiction by an American author, preferably dealing with American life, as the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel, it was one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily a total of three, in 31 years under the Novel name, the prize was awarded 27 times, in its first 69 years to 2016 under the Fiction name,62 times. In 11 years, no novel received the award and it has never been shared by two authors. Three writers have won two each in the Fiction category, Booth Tarkington, William Faulkner, and John Updike. Ernest Hemingway was selected by the 1941 and 1953 juries, but the former was overturned and no 1941 award was given
10.
So Big (novel)
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So Big is a 1924 novel written by Edna Ferber. The book was inspired by the life of Antje Paarlberg in the Dutch community of South Holland, Illinois and it won the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel in 1925. The story follows the life of a woman, Selina Peake De Jong. During her stay on the Pool family farm, she encourages the young Roelf Pool to follow his interests, upon his mothers death, Roelf runs away to France. Meanwhile, Selina marries a Dutch farmer named Pervus and they have a child together, Dirk, whom she nicknames So Big, from the common question and answer How big is baby. Pervus becomes ill and dies, and Selina is forced to take over working on the farm to give Dirk a future. As Dirk gets older, he works as an architect but is interested in making money than creating buildings and becomes a stock broker. His love interest, Dallas OMara, an acclaimed artist, echoes this sentiment by trying to convince Dirk that there is more to life than money, much later in life, Selina is visited by Roelf Pool, who has since become a famous sculptor. Dirk grows very distressed when, after visiting his mothers farm, he realizes that Dallas and Roelf love each other and he cannot compete with the artistically-minded sculptor. In the end, Dirk comes to appreciate the wisdom of his mother, ultimately, Dirk is left alone in his sumptuous apartment, saddened by his abandonment of artistic values. A number of adaptations of the novel have been made. The first adaptation, directed by Charles Brabin, was released the year the novel was published. The 1932 adaptation, directed by William A. Wellman, featured an ensemble cast led by Barbara Stanwyck, George Brent, the most recent adaptation, directed by Robert Wise in 1953, starred Jane Wyman and Sterling Hayden. This one softened the ending considerably by including a reconciliation between Dirk and his mother, a satirical version of the novel appears in Bob Clampetts 1946 cartoon Book Revue. A fugitive wolf is running away from the authorities and runs past the book, the book features Jimmy Durante on the cover. Durante sticks his famously large nose out and trips the wolf, so Big was presented on Stories America Loves in 1942. Joan Blaine had the role of Selena Peake in the adaptation
11.
Edna Ferber
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Edna Ferber was an American novelist, short story writer and playwright. Her novels were popular and included the Pulitzer Prize-winning So Big, Show Boat, Cimarron. Ferber was born August 15,1885, in Kalamazoo, Michigan, to a Hungarian-born Jewish storekeeper, Jacob Charles Ferber and she took newspaper jobs at the Appleton Daily Crescent and the Milwaukee Journal before publishing her first novel. She covered the 1920 Republican National Convention and 1920 Democratic National Convention for the United Press Association, Ferbers novels generally featured strong female protagonists, along with a rich and diverse collection of supporting characters. Several theatrical and film productions have been based on her works, including Show Boat, Giant, Ice Palace, Saratoga Trunk, Cimarron, three of these works – Show Boat, Saratoga Trunk and Giant – have been developed into musicals. When composer Jerome Kern proposed turning the very serious Show Boat into a musical, Ferber was shocked and it was not until Kern explained that he and Oscar Hammerstein II wanted to create a different type of musical that Ferber granted him the rights. Saratoga, based on Saratoga Trunk, was written at a later date. In 1925, she won the Pulitzer Prize for her book So Big, an early talkie movie remake followed, in 1932, starring Barbara Stanwyck and George Brent, with Bette Davis in a supporting role. A1953 remake of So Big starring Jane Wyman in the Stanwyck role is the version most often seen today, Ferber was a member of the Algonquin Round Table, a group of wits who met for lunch every day at the Algonquin Hotel in New York. According to Teichmann, Ferber once described Woollcott as a New Jersey Nero who has mistaken his pinafore for a toga. Ferber collaborated with Round Table member George S. Kaufman on several plays presented on Broadway, Minick, The Royal Family, Dinner At Eight, The Land Is Bright, Stage Door, and Bravo. Ferber never married, had no children, and is not known to have engaged in a romance or sexual relationship. Ferber did take a maternal interest in the career of her niece Janet Fox, Ferber died at her home in New York City, of stomach cancer, at the age of 82. Ferber was portrayed by the actress Lili Taylor in the film Mrs. Parker, in 2008, The Library of America selected Ferbers article Miss Ferber Views Vultures at Trial for inclusion in its two-century retrospective of American True Crime. On July 29,2002, in her hometown of Appleton, Wisconsin, artist Mark Summers, well known for his scratchboard technique, created this portrait for the stamp referencing a black-and-white photograph of Ferber taken in 1927. A fictionalized version of Edna Ferber appears briefly as a character in Philipp Meyers novel The Son, an additional fictionalized version of Edna Ferber, with her as the protagonist, appears in Downtown Strut, An Edna Ferber mystery. It was written in 2013 by Ed Ifkovic and published by Poisoned Pen Press, in her hometown of Appleton, Wisconsin, the Edna Ferber Elementary School was named after her. Construction of the school was voted down in a 1971 referendum
12.
Doubleday (publisher)
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Doubleday is an American publishing company founded as Doubleday & McClure Company in 1897 that by 1947 was the largest in the United States. It published the work of mostly U. S. authors under a number of imprints, in 2009 Doubleday was merged with Knopf Publishing Group to form the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. The firm was founded as Doubleday & McClure Company in 1897 by Frank Nelson Doubleday, one of their first bestsellers was The Days Work by Rudyard Kipling. Other authors published by the company in its early years include W. Somerset Maugham, theodore Roosevelt, Jr. later served as a vice-president of the company. In 1900, the company became Doubleday, Page & Company when Walter Hines Page joined as a new partner, in 1922, the founders son, Nelson Doubleday, joined the firm. In 1910, Doubleday, Page, and Co. moved its operations, the Doubleday company purchased much of the land on the east side of Franklin Avenue, and estate homes were built for many of its executives on Fourth Street. In 1916, company co-founder and Garden City resident Walter Hines Page was named Ambassador to Great Britain, in 1927, Doubleday merged with the George H. Doran Company, creating Doubleday, Doran, then the largest publishing business in the English-speaking world. In 1946, the company became Doubleday and Company, Nelson Doubleday, Jr. resigned as president, but continued as chairman of the board until his death on January 11,1949. Douglas Black took over and was president from 1946 to 1963, by 1947, Doubleday was the largest publisher in the US, with annual sales of over 30 million books. In 1980, the company bought the New York Mets baseball team and it defeated the Boston Red Sox to win the World Series in 1986 in a classic 7-game contest. The company had offices in London and Paris and wholly owned subsidiaries in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, with joint ventures in the UK and the Netherlands. Doubleday sold the company to Bertelsmann in 1986, and teamed up with minority owner Fred Wilpon to buy the Mets in his own name. In 1988, portions of the firm part of the Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group. In late 2008 and early 2009, the Doubleday imprint was merged with Knopf Publishing Group to form the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, image Books, Catholic Books—still a Doubleday unit as part of Doubleday Religious Publishing Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, a literary imprint established in 1990. Talese, the publisher and editorial director, is a senior vice president of Doubleday
13.
Pulitzer Prize for Drama
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The Pulitzer Prize for Drama is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes and it recognizes a theatrical work staged in the U. S. during the preceding calendar year. The drama jury, which consists of one academic and four critics, attends plays in New York, in 1955 Joseph Pulitzer, Jr. Edward Albees Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf. was selected for the 1963 Pulitzer Prize for Drama by that awards committee. However, the selection was overruled by the awards advisory board. Had Albee been awarded, he would be tied with Eugene ONeill for the most Pulitzer Prizes for Drama, in its first 98 years to 2013, the Drama Pulitzer was awarded 82 times, none were given in 15 years and it was never split. Many of the prizes were won by people for their collaboration. * Star marks winners of the annual Tony Award for Best Play or Best Musical,1917, no award 1918, Why Marry. – Jesse Lynch Williams 1919, no award Nine musicals have won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and they are, George and Ira Gershwins Of Thee I Sing, Rodgers and Hammersteins South Pacific, Bock & Harnicks Fiorello. Of Thee I Sing, Sunday in the Park with George, however, Of Thee I Sing opened when the Tony Awards did not exist, and Next to Normal won the Tony Award for Best Original Score and the Tony Award for Best Orchestrations. The award goes to the playwright, although production of the play is taken into account. In the case of a musical being awarded the prize, the composer, lyricist, the reason given was that the Pulitzer Prize for Drama is a dramatic award, and not a musical one. Additionally, since 1983, when the identity of finalists was first disclosed and they are, Lee Breuer and Bob Telsons The Gospel at Colonus, Lin-Manuel Miranda and Quiara Alegría Hudes In the Heights, and Jeanine Tesori and Lisa Krons Fun Home. The latter two shows, however, each won the Tony Award for Best Musical, ¹All listed dates are Prize years. Generally, the musical in question opened in New York during either the preceding year or the preceding Broadway season. Eugene ONeill won the Pulitzer for Drama four times, three in the 1920s, several people have won two or three. Media related to Pulitzer Prize for Drama winners at Wikimedia Commons
14.
Sidney Howard
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Sidney Coe Howard was an American playwright, dramatist and screenwriter. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1925 and a posthumous Academy Award in 1940 for the screenplay for Gone with the Wind, Sidney Howard was born in Oakland, California, the son of Helen Louise and John Lawrence Howard. He graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1915, along with other students of Harvard professor A. Piatt Andrew, Howard volunteered with Andrews American Field Service, serving in France and the Balkans during World War I. After the war, Howard made use of his proficiency at foreign languages and translated a number of works from French, Spanish, Hungarian. In 1921, Howards first play was produced on Broadway, a neo-romantic verse drama set in the time of Dante, Swords, did not do well with audiences or critics. It was with his realistic romance They Knew What They Wanted three years later that Howard established his reputation as a serious writer, theater critic Brooks Atkinson called it a tender, original, merciful drama. They Knew What They Wanted won the 1925 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, was adapted three times into film and later became the Broadway musical, The Most Happy Fella, Howards career was anything but consistent. For every successful play he wrote, he saw several others close without making any money and his saving grace was that he was a remarkably prolific writer. Lucky Sam McCarver, his play, was an unsentimental account of the marriage of a New York speakeasy owner on his way up in the world with a self-destructive socialite on her way down. It failed to attract audiences, though it won the admiration of some reviewers, with The Silver Cord, Howard had a major hit. It was a story for a decade fascinated by talk of Freud, Oedipal complexes, the Silver Cord is also the only original play by Howard to outlive its era. The play was staged by regional theater companies through the late twentieth century. The 1933 film of the play starred Irene Dunne and Joel McCrea, by 1930, Howard was one of the most dashing figures on the Broadway scene. In 1922, Howard married actress Clare Eames, who had played the lead in Swords. She later starred in Howards Lucky Sam McCarver and Ned McCobbs Daughter on Broadway, Howard and Eames had one child, a daughter, Jennifer Howard. The couple separated in 1927, and Howards anger at the disintegration of his marriage is reflected in his satire of modern matrimony. Following the unexpected death of Eames in 1930, Howard in 1931 married Leopoldine Damrosch, daughter of the conductor Walter Johannes Damrosch, with whom he had three children. A particular admirer of the realism of French playwright Charles Vildrac
15.
Pulitzer Prize for History
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The Pulitzer Prize for History, administered by Columbia University, is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1917 for a book about the history of the United States. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, the Pulitzer Prize program has also recognized some historical work with its Biography prize, from 1917, and its General Non-Fiction prize, from 1952. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, in its first 97 years to 2013, the History Pulitzer was awarded 95 times. Two prizes were given in 1989, none in 1919,1984, four people have won two each, Margaret Leech, Bernard Bailyn, Paul Horgan and Alan Taylor. 1980, Been in the Storm So Long by Leon F. Litwack The Plains Across by John B. Unruh The Urban Crucible by Gary B, media related to Pulitzer Prize for History winners at Wikimedia Commons
16.
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
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Houghton Mifflin Harcourt is an educational and trade publisher in the United States. Headquartered in Bostons Back Bay, it publishes textbooks, instructional materials, assessments, reference works. The company was known as Houghton Mifflin Company but changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Prior to March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, in 1832, William Ticknor and James Thomas Fields had gathered an impressive list of writers, including Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Henry David Thoreau. The duo formed a relationship with Riverside Press, a Boston printing company owned by Henry Oscar Houghton. Shortly after, Houghton also founded a company with partner George Mifflin. The company still had debt from when it merged from Houghton, Osgood and Company, in 1884, James D. Hurd, the son of Melancthon Hurd became a partner. Three people in 1888 became partners as well, James Murray Kay, Thurlow Weed Barnes, shortly thereafter the company established an Educational Department, and from 1891 to 1908 sales of educational materials increased by 500 percent. Soon after 1916, Houghton Mifflin became involved in publishing standardized tests and testing materials, the company was the fourth-largest educational publisher in the United States in 1921. In 1961, Houghton Mifflin famously passed on Julia Childs Mastering the Art of French Cooking, giving it up to Alfred A. Knopf who later published it in 1962. It went on to become a success and is considered by many to be the bible of French cooking. Houghton Mifflins strategic error was depicted in the 2009 film Julie & Julia, in 1967, Houghton Mifflin became a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange under the stock symbol HTN. Under president Nader F. Darehshori Houghton Mifflin acquired in 1994 for $138 million McDougal Littell, a publisher of secondary school materials. Heath and Company, a publisher of educational resources. In 1996, the company created their Great Source Education Group to combine the supplemental material product lines of their School Division and these two companies. In 1998, HMH announced a sub-brand called LOGAL Software, which was to release a new line of interactive science software called Science Gateways, as of 2017, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt is offering the Logal Science brand as a licensing opportunity on its website. Mergers and acquisitions activities have had effects on this company. In 2001, Houghton Mifflin was acquired by French media giant Vivendi Universal for $2.2 billion including assumed debt, on December 22,2006, it was announced that Riverdeep PLC had completed its acquisition of Houghton Mifflin
17.
Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography
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The Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1917 for a biography or autobiography by an American author or co-authors. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner. In its first 97 years to 2013, the Biography Pulitzer was awarded 97 times, two were given in 1938, none in 1962. Pupin 1925, Barrett Wendell and His Letters by M. A. Dewolfe Howe 1926, B. Sherwood 1950, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy by Samuel Flagg Bemis 1951, John C. Robert Oppenheimer by Kai Bird and Martin J. W, brands 2010, The First Tycoon, The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt by T. J. Pulitzer Prize for History Media related to Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography winners at Wikimedia Commons
18.
Little, Brown and Company
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Early lists featured Little Women by Louisa May Alcott, Emily Dickinsons poetry, and Bartletts Familiar Quotations. As of 2016, Little, Brown & Company is a division of the Hachette Book Group, Little, Brown and Company had its roots in the book selling trade. It was founded in 1837 in Boston by Charles Little and James Brown and they formed the partnership for the purpose of Publishing, Importing, and Selling Books. It can trace its roots before that to 1784 to a bookshop owned by Ebenezer Batelle on Marlborough Street and they published works of Benjamin Franklin and George Washington and they were specialized in legal publishing and importing titles. Little, Brown and Company was the American publisher for Edward Gibbons the Decline, the firm was the original publisher of United States Statutes at Large beginning in 1845, under authority granted by a joint resolution of Congress. In 1874, Congress transferred the authority to publish the Statutes at Large to the Government Printing Office, in 1853, Little, Brown began publishing the works of British poets from Chaucer to Wordsworth. Ninety-six volumes were published in the series in five years, in 1859, John Bartlett became a partner in the firm. He held the rights to his Familiar Quotations, and Little, John Murray Brown, James Browns son, took over when Augustus Flagg retired in 1884. In the 1890s, Little, Brown expanded into publishing, including fiction. In 1896, it published Quo Vadis, in 1898, Little, Brown purchased a list of titles from the Roberts Brothers firm. 19th century employees included Charles Carroll Soule, John Murray Brown died in 1908 and James W. McIntyre became managing partner. When McIntyre died in 1913, Little, Brown incorporated, in 1925, Little, Brown entered into an agreement to publish all Atlantic Monthly books. Chips, Walter D. Edmondss Drums Along the Mohawk, William Least Heat-Moons Blue Highways, Tracy Kidders The Soul of a New Machine, salinger later terminated his contract with the publishing house sometime in the 1970s, though his novel was still published by Little, Brown. Little, Brown also published the photography of Ansel Adams, in 1996, Little, Browns legal and medical publishing division was purchased by Wolters Kluwer. In 2001, Michael Pietsch became Publisher of Little, Brown, the imprint was purchased by Time Inc. in 1968, and was made part of the Time Warner Book Group when Time merged with Warner Communications to form Time Warner in 1989. Little, Brown expanded into the UK in 1992 when TWBG bought MacDonald & Co from Maxwell Communications, taking on its Abacus and Orbit lists, feminist publisher Virago Press followed in 1996. Also in 1996, Wolters Kluwer acquired Little, Browns professional division, in 2006, the Time Warner Book Group was sold to French publisher Hachette Livre. Following this, the Little, Brown imprint is used by Hachette Livres U. S. publishing company, in 2011, Little, Brown launched an imprint devoted to suspense publishing, Mulholland Books
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Pulitzer Prize for Poetry
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The Pulitzer Prize for Poetry is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1922 for a volume of original verse by an American author. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, the 1918 and 1919 Pulitzers included Special Citations for poetry books, made possible by a special grant from The Poetry Society, which the Pulitzer program now lists as Poetry prizes. 1918, Sara Teasdale 1919, Carl Sandburg 1919, Margaret Widdemer In its first 92 years to 2013, two were given in 2008, none in 1946. Robert Frost won the four times and several others won it more than once. 1922, Collected Poems by Edwin Arlington Robinson 1923, The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver, A Few Figs from Thistles, merwin,1971,2009 Carl Sandburg won one of the special prizes for his poetry in 1919 and won the Poetry Pulitzer in 1951. American poetry List of poetry awards Media related to Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winners at Wikimedia Commons
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Edwin Arlington Robinson
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Edwin Arlington Robinson was an American poet who won three Pulitzer Prizes for his work. Robinson was born in Head Tide, Lincoln County, Maine but his family moved to Gardiner and he described his childhood in Maine as stark and unhappy. Throughout his life, he not only hated his given name and his eldest brother, Dean Robinson, was a doctor and had become addicted to laudanum while medicating himself for neuralgia. The middle brother, Herman, a handsome and charismatic man, married the woman Edwin loved, Herman Robinson suffered business failures, became an alcoholic, and ended up estranged from his wife and children. Herman died impoverished in 1909 of tuberculosis at Boston City Hospital Robinsons poem Richard Cory was thought by Emma to refer to God, at the age of 21, Edwin entered Harvard University as a special student. He took classes in English, French, and Shakespeare, as well as one on Anglo-Saxon that he later dropped. He did not aim to get all As, as he wrote his friend Harry Smith, B and his real desire was to get published in one of the Harvard literary journals. Within the first fortnight of being there, The Harvard Advocate published Robinsons Ballade of a Ship and he was even invited to meet with the editors, but when he returned he complained to his friend Mowry Saben, I sat there among them, unable to say a word. Edwins father, Edward, died after Edwins first year at Harvard, Edwin returned to Harvard for a second year, but it was to be his last one as a student there. Though short, his stay in Cambridge included some of his most cherished experiences and he wrote his friend Harry Smith on June 21,1893, I suppose this is the last letter I shall ever write you from Harvard. The thought seems a little queer, but it cannot be otherwise, sometimes I try to imagine the state my mind would be in had I never come here, but I cannot. I feel that I have got comparatively little from my two years, but still, more than I could get in Gardiner if I lived a century, Robinson had returned to Gardiner by mid-1893. He had plans to start writing seriously, in October he wrote his friend Gledhill, Writing has been my dream ever since I was old enough to lay a plan for an air castle. Now for the first time I seem to have something like a favorable opportunity, with his father gone, Edwin became the man of the household. He tried farming and developed a relationship with his brothers wife Emma Robinson. She twice rejected marriage proposals from Edwin, after which he permanently left Gardiner and he moved to New York, where he led a precarious existence as an impoverished poet while cultivating friendships with other writers, artists, and would-be intellectuals. In 1896 he self-published his first book, The Torrent and the Night Before, Robinson meant it as a surprise for his mother. Days before the copies arrived, Mary Palmer Robinson died of diphtheria and his second volume, Children of the Night, had a somewhat wider circulation
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1924 Pulitzer Prize
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The following are the Pulitzer Prizes for 1924. Editorial Writing, Boston Herald, for an editorial entitled Who Made Coolidge, special prize of $1000 was awarded to the widow of Frank I. Cobb, New York World, in recognition of the distinction of her husbands editorial writing, editorial Cartooning, Jay Norwood Darling of Des Moines Register and Tribune, In Good Old USA. Pupin Poetry, New Hampshire, A Poem with Notes and Grace Notes by Robert Frost Pulitzer Prizes for 1924
