1.
Pulitzer Prize
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The Pulitzer Prize /ˈpʊlᵻtsər/ is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher, Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of the categories, each receives a certificate. The winner in the service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal. The Pulitzer Prize does not automatically consider all applicable works in the media, entries must fit in at least one of the specific prize categories, and cannot simply gain entrance for being literary or musical. Works can also only be entered in a maximum of two categories, regardless of their properties, each year,102 jurors are selected by the Pulitzer Prize Board to serve on 20 separate juries for the 21 award categories, one jury makes recommendations for both photography awards. For each award category, a jury makes three nominations, the board selects the winner by majority vote from the nominations or bypasses the nominations and selects a different entry following a 75% majority vote. The board can also vote to issue no award, the board and journalism jurors are not paid for their work, however, the jurors in letters, music, and drama receive a $2,000 honorarium for the year, and each chair receives $2,500. Anyone whose work has been submitted is called an entrant, the jury selects a group of nominated finalists and announces them, together with the winner for each category. However, some journalists who were submitted, but not nominated as finalists. For example, Bill Dedman of msnbc, Dedman wrote, To call that submission a Pulitzer nomination is like saying that Adam Sandler is an Oscar nominee if Columbia Pictures enters Thats My Boy in the Academy Awards. Many readers realize that the Oscars dont work that way—the studios dont pick the nominees and its just a way of slipping Academy Awards into a bio. The Pulitzers also dont work that way, but fewer people know that, newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer gave money in his will to Columbia University to launch a journalism school and establish the Prize. It allocated $250,000 to the prize and scholarships and he specified four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one in education, and four traveling scholarships. After his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded June 4,1917, many people have won more than one Pulitzer Prize. Nelson Harding is the person to have won a Prize in two consecutive years, the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1927 and 1928. Four prizes Robert Frost, Poetry Eugene ONeill, Drama Robert E, in rare instances, contributors to the entry are singled out in the citation in a manner analogous to individual winners. Journalism awards may be awarded to individuals or newspapers or newspaper staffs, infrequently, Awards are made in categories relating to journalism, arts, letters and fiction
2.
Chicago Daily News
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The Chicago Daily News was an afternoon daily newspaper published between 1876 and 1978 in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The Daily News was founded by Melville E. Stone, Percy Meggy, byron Andrews, fresh out of Hobart College, was one of the first reporters. Victor F. Lawson bought the Chicago Daily News in 1876, Stone remained involved as an editor and later bought back an ownership stake, but Lawson took over full ownership again in 1888. Lawson introduced many innovations to the business including advancements in newspaper promotion, classified advertising, and syndication of news stories, serials, the Chicago Daily News became known for its distinctive, aggressive writing style which 1920s editor Henry Justin Smith likened to a daily novel. In its heyday from the 1930s to 1950s it was syndicated and boasted a first-class foreign news service. In 1922, the rival Chicago Tribune began to experiment with radio news at Westinghouse-owned KYW-AM, the Daily News entered into a partnership with The Fair Department Store to launch WGU-AM, which would later be renamed WMAQ-AM. The newspaper would take full ownership of the station and absorb shared band rival WQJ-AM, which was jointly owned by the Calumet Baking Powder Company. WMAQ would pioneer many firsts in radio—one of them the first complete Chicago Cubs season broadcast on radio in 1925, in 1930, the station obtained a license for an experimental television station, W9XAP, but had already begun transmitting from it just prior to its being granted. Working with Sears Roebuck stores by providing them with the receivers, ulises Armand Sanabria was the television pioneer behind this and other early Chicago television experiments. The Chicago Tribune, not to be out of radio, purchased WDAP. In 1931 The Daily News sold WMAQ to NBC, in 1929, it moved into a new 26-floor headquarters building at 400 West Madison Street. Designed by architects Holabird & Root, the Art Deco structure became a Chicago landmark and it featured a mural by John W. Norton depicting the newspaper production process. Field already owned the morning Chicago Sun-Times, and the Daily News moved into the Sun-Times building on North Wabash Avenue, a few years later Mike Royko became the papers lead columnist, and quickly rose to local and national prominence. In 1977 the Daily News was redesigned and added features intended to increase its appeal to younger readers, the Chicago Daily News published its last edition on Saturday, March 4,1978. There was a subsequent attempt to make it as an afternoon daily, the paper went back into publication with a weekend edition dated August 4–5,1979. The publisher of the revival was former Illinois governor Richard B and this final attempt to gain popularity was not successful and the paper finally went back out of publication a few months later. The headquarters of the Daily News and sister newspaper the Sun-Times was located at 401 North Wabash before the building was demolished and it is now the site of Trump International Hotel and Tower. The Chicago Daily News was awarded the Pulitzer Prize thirteen times, the Founding of the Chicago Daily News
3.
Leopold-Loeb
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After the two men were arrested, Loebs family retained Clarence Darrow as counsel for their defense. Darrows 12-hour-long summation at their hearing is noted for its influential criticism of capital punishment as retributive rather than transformative justice. Both men were sentenced to life imprisonment plus 99 years, Loeb was murdered by a fellow prisoner in 1936, Leopold was released on parole in 1958. The Franks murder has been the inspiration for works of film, theatre. Later movies, such as Compulsion—adapted from Meyer Levins 1957 novel—and Swoon, were based on the crime. Nathan Leopold was born on November 19,1904 in Chicago, Illinois and he reportedly had studied 15 languages and spoke at least five fluently, and had achieved a measure of national recognition as an ornithologist. He and several other ornithologists identified Kirtlands warbler, a songbird that had not been observed in the Chicago area in over half a century. Richard Loeb was born on June 11,1905 in Chicago to the family of Anna Henrietta and Albert Henry Loeb and his father was Jewish and his mother was Catholic. Like Leopold, Loeb was exceptionally intelligent, the two young men grew up with their respective families in the affluent Kenwood neighborhood on Chicagos South Side. The Loebs owned an estate, now called Castle Farms, in Charlevoix, Michigan, in addition to their mansion in Kenwood. Though Leopold and Loeb knew each other casually while growing up, their relationship flourished at the University of Chicago, particularly after they discovered a mutual interest in crime. Leopold believed that he was one of these individuals, and as such, by his interpretation of Nietzsches doctrines, before long he had convinced Loeb that he, too, was an Übermensch. In a letter to Loeb, Leopold wrote, A superman, is, on account of certain superior qualities inherent in him, exempted from the ordinary laws which govern men. He is not liable for anything he may do, the pair began asserting their perceived immunity from normal restrictions with acts of petty theft and vandalism. Breaking into a fraternity house at the university, they stole penknives, a camera, emboldened, they progressed to a series of more serious crimes, including arson, but no one seemed to notice. Leopold and Loeb settled on the kidnapping and murder of a boy as their perfect crime. They spent seven months planning everything from the method of abduction to disposal of the body and they typed the final set of instructions involving the actual money drop in the form of a ransom note, using the typewriter stolen from the fraternity house. A chisel was selected as the weapon, and purchased
4.
Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing
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The Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Journalism. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, the program has also recognized opinion journalism with its Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning from 1922. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, one person ordinarily wins the award for work with one newspaper or with affiliated papers, and that was true without exception between 1936 and 1977. In the early years, several newspapers were recognized without naming any writer, several times from 1977, two or three people have shared the award for their work with one paper. In its first 97 years to 2013, the Editorial Writing Pulitzer was awarded 89 times, in nine years there was no award given and there were two prizes in 1936. 1927, F. P. Chase, Atlantic News-Telegraph, for an editorial titled,1935, no award given 1936, Felix Morley, The Washington Post, for distinguished editorial writing during the year 1936, George B. The Gainesville Sun, for his editorials in support of the desegregation of Floridas schools. Bethlehem Globe-Times, for his campaign to reduce racial tensions in Bethlehem 1973
5.
The Post and Courier
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The Post and Courier is the main daily newspaper in Charleston, South Carolina. It traces its ancestry to three newspapers, the Charleston Courier, founded in 1803, the Charleston Daily News, founded 1865, through the Courier, it is the oldest daily newspaper in the South, and one of the oldest continuously operating newspapers in the United States. It is the newspaper of the Evening Post Industries. It is the largest newspaper in South Carolina, followed by Columbias The State, the Charleston Courier, founded in 1803, and Charleston Daily News, founded in 1865, merged to form the News and Courier in 1873. In 1926, The News and Courier was bought by the owners of Charlestons main evening paper, The Evening Post. By 1991, it was apparent Charleston could no longer support two newspapers, so the News and Courier and Evening Post were merged into a morning newspaper, The Post. However, the two papers had shared the editorial staff since the 1980s. The founder of the Courier, Aaron Smith Willington, came from Massachusetts with newspaper experience. In the early 19th century, he was known to row out to ships from London, Liverpool, Havre. He also had a translator working for him, so he could copy items from the Havana newspapers, rudolph Septimus Siegling also served as editor during the 1800s. The paper acquired several sisters in the 1990s when its parent bought other newspapers, in 2008, the newspaper won national awards from the Society of Professional Journalists and American Society of Newspaper Editors for coverage of the Charleston Sofa Super Store fire. In 2008, Reporter Tony Bartelme also won the prestigious Gerald Loeb Award for a story about the effect of Chinas growth on local economies, in 2015 it won the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for coverage of domestic violence. The reported numbers for The Post and Couriers circulation as of the six months ended September 30,2009, were 86,084 daily and 94,940 on Sundays. This is down some 13% from the period ended March 31,2008, at the start of 2009, The Post and Couriers circulation figures were down to 94,647 for dailies, and 97,549 for Sundays—4. 8% down on the previous years figures. By the end of 2012, the figures had declined again down to 82,266 for dailies. Due to a decline in revenue, the paper offered a buyout to employees in 2008 in which 64 full-time employees left in an attempt to streamline the company and this attempt to streamline the company and save money brought the headcount down to 381 by the start of 2009. On February 6,2009,25 more layoffs were announced, on March 23,2009, Evening Post Publishing Co. The newspaper said the move was necessary because of the weakness of the economy
6.
Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning
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The Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartoon is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Journalism. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, in its first 92 years to 2013, the Editorial Cartooning Pulitzer was awarded 87 times, none was given in five years and it was never split. Many cartoonists won it more than once. 1935, Ross A. Lewis, Milwaukee Journal, for Sure, Ill Work for Both Sides 1936, no award given 1937, C. D. Batchelor, New York Daily News, for Come on in, Ill treat you right. Berryman, Evening Star, for Where Is the Boat Going, goldberg, New York Sun, for Peace Today 1949, Lute Pease, Newark Evening News, for Who Me. The award is given for distinguished body of the work of Mr. Fitzpatrick in both 1954 and his entire career. Mauldin, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for I won the Nobel Prize for Literature, oliphant, The Denver Post, for They Wont Get Us To The Conference Table. 2016, Jack Ohman of The Sacramento Bee for cartoons that convey wry, rueful perspectives through sophisticated style that combines bold line work with subtle colors, through 2013, seventeen people have won the Editorial Cartooning Pulitzer twice and five of them have won it three times. Nelson Harding won the prize consecutively in 1927 and 1928 and this book chronologically states the awards, displays the artwork, and then describes the cartoon, Heinz-Dietrich Fischer. Political Caricatures on Global Issues, Pulitzer Prize Winning Editorial Cartoons
7.
Rollin Kirby
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Rollin Kirby was an American political cartoonist. In 1922 he was chronologically the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning, Kirby worked as a cartoonist at the New York Mail, New York World and the New York Post. His Pulitzer Prizes were for cartoons On the Road to Moscow, News from the Outside World, websters Biographical Dictionary, G. & C. Media related to Rollin Kirby at Wikimedia Commons Rollin Kirby posters, hosted by the University of North Texas Libraries Digital Collections Works by or about Rollin Kirby at Internet Archive
8.
New York World
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The New York World was a newspaper published in New York City from 1860 until 1931. The paper played a role in the history of American newspapers. It was a national voice of the Democratic Party. From 1883 to 1911 under publisher Joseph Pulitzer, it became a pioneer in yellow journalism, capturing readers attention, the World was formed in 1860. From 1862 to 1876, it was edited by Manton Marble, in 1864, the World was shut down for three days after it published forged documents purportedly from Abraham Lincoln. But Scott was unable to meet the newspapers growing losses, Gould, like Scott, used the paper for his own purposes, employing it to help him take over Western Union. But Gould could not turn the state of the newspaper around. Joseph Pulitzer bought the World in 1883 and began an era of circulation building. Reporter Nellie Bly became one of Americas first investigative journalists, often working undercover, as a publicity stunt for the paper, inspired by the Jules Verne novel Around the World in Eighty Days, she traveled around the planet in 72 days in 1889-1890. In 1890, Pulitzer built the New York World Building, the tallest office building in the world at the time, in 1889, Julius Chambers was appointed by Pulitzer as managing editor of the New York World, he served until 1891. In 1896, the World began using a printing press, it was the first newspaper to launch a color supplement. It joined a battle with William Randolph Hearsts New York Journal American. The World was attacked for being sensational, and its battles with Hearsts Journal American gave rise to the term yellow journalism. The charges of sensationalism were most frequently leveled at the paper by more established publishers, and while the World presented its fair share of crime stories, it also published damning exposés of tenement abuses. After a heat wave in 1883 killed a number of poor children. Its coverage spurred action in the city for reform, hearst reproduced Pulitzers approach in the San Francisco Examiner and later in the Journal American. Frank Irving Cobb was employed on a basis as the editor of the World in 1904 by publisher Pulitzer. Cobb was a fiercely independent Kansan who resisted Pulitzers attempts to run the office from his home, the elder man was so invested in the paper that he continually meddled with Cobbs work
9.
Pulitzer Prize for the Novel
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The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It recognizes distinguished fiction by an American author, preferably dealing with American life, as the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel, it was one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily a total of three, in 31 years under the Novel name, the prize was awarded 27 times, in its first 69 years to 2016 under the Fiction name,62 times. In 11 years, no novel received the award and it has never been shared by two authors. Three writers have won two each in the Fiction category, Booth Tarkington, William Faulkner, and John Updike. Ernest Hemingway was selected by the 1941 and 1953 juries, but the former was overturned and no 1941 award was given
