1.
Fujita scale
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The Fujita scale, or Fujita–Pearson scale, is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The F-Scale was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale in the United States in February 2007, in April 2013, Canada adopted the EF-Scale over the Fujita scale, although tornado frequency is relatively low in the country. However, EC uses 31 Specific Damage Indicators in their ratings, the scale was introduced in 1971 by Tetsuya Fujita of the University of Chicago, in collaboration with Allen Pearson, head of the National Severe Storms Forecast Center/NSSFC. The scale was updated in 1973, taking into account path length and width, in the United States, starting in 1973, tornadoes were rated soon after occurrence. The Fujita scale was applied retroactively to tornadoes reported between 1950 and 1972 in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Tornado Database, Fujita rated tornadoes from 1916–1992 and Tom Grazulis of The Tornado Project retroactively rated all known significant tornadoes in the U. S. back to 1880. The Fujita scale was adopted in most areas outside of Great Britain, in 2007, the Fujita scale was updated, and the Enhanced Fujita Scale was introduced in the United States. The new scale more accurately matches wind speeds to the severity of damage caused by the tornado, though each damage level is associated with a wind speed, the Fujita scale is effectively a damage scale, and the wind speeds associated with the damage listed arent rigorously verified. The Enhanced Fujita Scale was formulated due to research which suggested that the speeds required to inflict damage by intense tornadoes on the Fujita scale are greatly overestimated. A process of expert elicitation with top engineers and meteorologists resulted in the EF scale wind speeds, however, the EF scale also improved damage parameter descriptions. The original scale as derived by Fujita was a theoretical 13-level scale designed to connect the Beaufort scale. F1 corresponds to the level of the Beaufort scale. F0 was placed at a position specifying no damage, in analogy to how the Beauforts zeroth level specifies little to no wind. From these wind speed numbers, qualitative descriptions of damage were made for each category of the Fujita scale, the diagram on the right illustrates the relationship between the Beaufort, Fujita, and Mach number scales. Fujita intended that only F0–F5 be used in practice, as this all possible levels of damage to frame homes as well as the expected estimated bounds of wind speeds. Furthermore, the wind speed numbers have since been found to be higher than the actual wind speeds required to incur the damage described at each category. The error manifests itself to a degree as the category increases. Precise wind speed numbers are actually guesses and have never been scientifically verified, different wind speeds may cause similar-looking damage from place to place—even from building to building. Without a thorough engineering analysis of damage in any event
2.
Eastern United States
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It is geographically diverse, spanning the Northeast and Southeast as well as the eastern part of the Central United States. In 2011 the 26 states east of the Mississippi had an population of 179,948,346 or 58. 28% of the total U. S. population of 308,745,358. The Southern United States constitutes a region in the south-eastern. In the last few decades, the Southern US has been attracting internal and international migrants, the American South is among the fastest-growing areas in the United States. In one of the earliest English settlements in the New World, English Pilgrims from Europe first settled in New England in 1620, New England produced the first examples of American literature and philosophy and was home to the beginnings of free public education. In the 19th century, it played a prominent role in the movement to abolish slavery in the United States and it was the first region of the United States to be transformed by the Industrial Revolution. The Midwestern United States is one of the four regions within the United States that are recognized by the United States Census Bureau. The region consists of seven states in the central and inland northeastern US, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, a 2006 Census Bureau estimate put the population at 66,217,736. Both the geographic center of the contiguous U. S. the United States Census Bureau divides this region into the East North Central States and the West North Central States. Chicago is the largest city in the region, followed by Indianapolis, chicago has the largest metropolitan statistical area, followed by Detroit, and Minneapolis – Saint Paul. Marie, Michigan is the oldest city in the region, having been founded by French missionaries, the term Midwest has been in common use for over 100 years. Another term sometimes applied to the general region is the heartland. Other designations for the region have fallen into disuse, such as the Northwest or Old Northwest, since the book Middletown appeared in 1929, sociologists have often used Midwestern cities as typical of the entire nation. The region has a higher ratio than the Northeast, the West. Four of the associated with the Midwestern United States are traditionally referred to as belonging to the Great Plains region. However, in recent years they are included in the Midwestern region. The following is a list of the 24 largest cities in the East by population, East Coast of the United States Eastern Canada Territories of the United States on stamps
3.
Appalachian Mountains
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The Appalachian Mountains, often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America. The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period and it once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky Mountains before naturally occurring erosion. The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east-west travel, as it forms a series of alternating ridgelines, definitions vary on the precise boundaries of the Appalachians. A common variant definition does not include the Adirondack Mountains, which belong to the Grenville Orogeny and have a different geological history from the rest of the Appalachians. The range covers parts of the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the system is divided into a series of ranges, with the individual mountains averaging around 3,000 ft. The highest of the group is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina at 6,684 feet, the term Appalachian refers to several different regions associated with the mountain range. Most broadly, it refers to the mountain range with its surrounding hills. The Ouachita Mountains in Arkansas and Oklahoma were originally part of the Appalachians as well, the name was soon altered by the Spanish to Apalachee and used as a name for the tribe and region spreading well inland to the north. Pánfilo de Narváezs expedition first entered Apalachee territory on June 15,1528, now spelled Appalachian, it is the fourth-oldest surviving European place-name in the US. After the de Soto expedition in 1540, Spanish cartographers began to apply the name of the tribe to the mountains themselves. The first cartographic appearance of Apalchen is on Diego Gutierrezs map of 1562, the name was not commonly used for the whole mountain range until the late 19th century. A competing and often more popular name was the Allegheny Mountains, Alleghenies, in the early 19th century, Washington Irving proposed renaming the United States either Appalachia or Alleghania. In U. S. dialects in the regions of the Appalachians. In northern parts of the range, it is pronounced /ˌæpəˈleɪtʃᵻnz/ or /ˌæpəˈleɪʃᵻnz/, the third syllable is like lay. There is often debate between the residents of the regions as to which pronunciation is the more correct one. Elsewhere, a commonly accepted pronunciation for the adjective Appalachian is /ˌæpəˈlætʃiən/, the whole system may be divided into three great sections, Northern, The northern section runs from the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador to the Hudson River. The Monteregian Hills, which cross the Green Mountains in Quebec, are also unassociated with the Appalachians, Central, The central section goes from the Hudson Valley to the New River running through Virginia and West Virginia. Southern, The southern section runs from the New River onwards and it consists of the prolongation of the Blue Ridge, which is divided into the Western Blue Ridge Front and the Eastern Blue Ridge Front, the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, and the Cumberland Plateau
4.
Appalachia
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Appalachia is a cultural region in the Eastern United States that stretches from the Southern Tier of New York to northern Alabama, Mississippi and Georgia. As of the 2010 United States Census, the region was home to approximately 25 million people, sociological studies in the 1960s and 1970s helped to re-examine and dispel these stereotypes. While endowed with abundant natural resources, Appalachia has long struggled, by 1990, Appalachia had largely joined the economic mainstream, but still lagged behind the rest of the nation in most economic indicators. Since Appalachia lacks definite physiographical or topographical boundaries, there has been disagreement over what exactly the region encompasses. The most commonly used definition of Appalachia is the one initially defined by the Appalachian Regional Commission in 1965. When the Commission was established, counties were added based on economic need, in 1921, John C. Campbell published The Southern Highlander and His Homeland in which he modified Frosts map to include 254 counties in 9 states. A landmark survey of the region in the decade by the United States Department of Agriculture defined the region as consisting of 206 counties in 6 states. In 1984, Karl Raitz and Richard Ulack expanded the ARCs definition to include 445 counties in 13 states, although they removed all counties in Mississippi and added two in New Jersey. The name was altered by the Spanish to Apalachee and used as a name for the tribe. Pánfilo de Narváezs expedition first entered Apalachee territory on June 15,1528, now spelled Appalachian, it is the fourth oldest surviving European place-name in the U. S. After the de Soto expedition in 1540, Spanish cartographers began to apply the name of the tribe to the mountains themselves. The first cartographic appearance of Apalchen is on Diego Gutiérrez map of 1562, le Moyne was also the first European to apply Apalachen specifically to a mountain range as opposed to a village, native tribe, or a southeastern region of North America. The name was not commonly used for the mountain range until the late 19th century. A competing and often more popular name was the Allegheny Mountains, Alleghenies, in the early 19th century, Washington Irving proposed renaming the United States either Appalachia or Alleghania. In northern U. S. dialects, the mountains are pronounced /æpəˈleɪtʃənz/ or /æpəˈleɪʃənz/, the cultural region of Appalachia is pronounced /æpəˈleɪʃə/, also /æpəˈleɪtʃə/, all with a third syllable like lay. In southern U. S. dialects, the mountains are called the /æpəˈlætʃənz/, and this pronunciation is favored in the core region in central and southern parts of the Appalachian range. The occasional use of the sh sound for the ch in the last syllable in northern dialects was popularized by Appalachian Trail organizations in New England in the early 20th century, Native American hunter-gatherers first arrived in what is now Appalachia over 16,000 years ago. The earliest discovered site is the Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Washington County, several other Archaic period archaeological sites have been identified in the region, such as the St. Albans site in West Virginia and the Icehouse Bottom site in Tennessee
5.
Scott County, Virginia
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Scott County is a county located in the U. S. state of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 23,177 and its county seat is Gate City. Scott County was formed by an act of the General Assembly on November 24,1814 from parts of Washington, Lee, the early settlers found evidence of a former native village at the mouth of Stony Creek on the Clinch river. Thomas McCulloch was the first white settler within the county, in 1769, daniel Boone commanded several forts located here in 1774 during Dunmores War, and several more were built in successive years. Even so, the Chickamauga Cherokee leader Bob Benge remained active in the area throughout this time, during the Cherokee–American wars, by the times houses were built in the 1790s, the largely Scots-Irish population had increased by reason of its situation along the Wilderness Road. After Scott County was formed in 1814, the first court took place in 1815, and the first public schools in 1870. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 539 square miles. 97. 9% were White,0. 6% Black or African American,0. 2% Native American,0. 2% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,0. 4% of some other race and 0.7 of two or more races. As of the census of 2000, there were 23,403 people,9,795 households, the population density was 44 people per square mile. There were 11,355 housing units at a density of 21 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 98. 51% White,0. 59% Black or African American,0. 14% Native American,0. 07% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 15% from other races, and 0. 52% from two or more races. 0. 42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,26. 10% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the family size was 2.82. In the county, the population was out with 20. 60% under the age of 18,7. 50% from 18 to 24,27. 30% from 25 to 44,26. 80% from 45 to 64. The median age was 41 years, for every 100 females there were 93.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.70 males, the median income for a household in the county was $27,339, and the median income for a family was $33,163. Males had an income of $28,328 versus $20,553 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,073, about 13. 00% of families and 16. 80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20. 10% of those under age 18 and 20. 50% of those age 65 or over
6.
Culpeper, Virginia
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Culpeper is the only incorporated town in Culpeper County, Virginia, United States. The population was 16,379 at the 2010 census, up from 9,664 at the 2000 census and it is the county seat of Culpeper County. Culpeper is located at 38°28′19″N 77°59′57″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 6.8 square miles, of which 6.7 square miles is land and 0.04 square mile is water. After forming Culpeper County, Virginia, in 1748, the Virginia House of Burgesses voted to establish the Town of Fairfax on February 22,1759, the original plan of the town called for ten blocks, which form the core of Culpepers downtown area today. The original town was surveyed by a young George Washington, in 1795, the town received a post office under the name Culpeper Court House, although most maps continued to show the Fairfax name. During the American Revolutionary War, the Culpeper Minutemen, a pro-Independence militia and they organized in what was then known as Claytons Old Field, near todays Yowell Meadow Park. During the Civil War, Culpeper was a crossroads for a number of marching through central Virginia. In the heart of downtown, the home of Confederate General A. P. Hill stands at the corner of Main. One block north on Main St. was the house where The Gallant Major John Pelham died after sustaining a wound at the battle of Kelleys Ford. Culpeper began to grow dramatically in the 1980s, becoming a community of more densely populated Northern Virginia and Washington. A growing number of residents of the town and county of Culpeper once lived, in 2011, East Davis Street in downtown Culpeper was named as a 2011 Americas Great Place by the American Planning Association. Downtown Culpeper was one of the communities most affected by the August 23,2011 Virginia earthquake, several buildings along Main Street and East Davis Street suffered structural damage, and some have been condemned. The earthquake led to the evacuation of the Packard Campus for Audio-Visual Conservation. In 2014 the Museum of Culpeper History moved into the historic train depot. As of the 2010 Census, the makeup of the town was 61. 5% White,21. 9% Black,0. 6% Native American,2. 1% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17. 0% of the population. The towns population included 25. 7% under the age of 18,10. 0% from 18 to 24,30. 3% from 25 to 44,19. 0% from 45 to 64, the median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 87.9 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.9 males
7.
Oklahoma
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Oklahoma is a state located in the South Central United States. Oklahoma is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States, the states name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning red people. The name was settled upon statehood, Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged, on November 16,1907, Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans, or informally Okies, and its capital, a major producer of natural gas, oil, and agricultural products, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology. In 2007, it had one of the economies in the United States, ranking among the top states in per capita income growth. Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahomas primary economic anchors, with nearly two-thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas. With small mountain ranges, prairie, mesas, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains, Cross Timbers, interior Highlands—a region especially prone to severe weather. The name Oklahoma comes from the Choctaw phrase okla humma, literally meaning red people, equivalent to the English word Indian, okla humma was a phrase in the Choctaw language used to describe Native American people as a whole. Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory, and it was approved in 1890. Oklahoma is the 20th-largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles and it is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, much of its border with Texas lies along the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen, a failed continental rift. The geologic figure defines the placement of the Red River, the Oklahoma panhandles Western edge is out of alignment with its Texas border. The Oklahoma/New Mexico border is actually 2.1 to 2.2 miles east of the Texas line, the border between Texas and New Mexico was set first as a result of a survey by Spain in 1819. It was then set along the 103rd Meridian, in the 1890s, when Oklahoma was formally surveyed using more accurate surveying equipment and techniques, it was discovered the Texas line was not set along the 103rd Meridian. Surveying techniques were not as accurate in 1819, and the actual 103rd Meridian was approximately 2.2 miles to the east and it was much easier to leave the mistake than for Texas to cede land to New Mexico to correct the surveying error. The placement of the Oklahoma/New Mexico border represents the true 103rd Meridian, cimarron County in Oklahomas panhandle is the only county in the United States that touches four other states, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado and Kansas. Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,973 feet above sea level, situated near its far northwest corner in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The states lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary near the town of Idabel, Oklahoma, which dips to 289 feet above sea level
8.
Van Buren, Arkansas
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Van Buren /væn ˈbjʊərən/ is the second largest city in the Fort Smith, Arkansas-Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area and the county seat of Crawford County, Arkansas, United States. The city is located directly northeast of Fort Smith at the Interstate 40 - Interstate 540 junction, the city was incorporated in 1845 and as of the 2010 census had a population of 22,791, ranking it as the states 22nd largest city, behind Searcy. The area was settled by David Boyd and Thomas Martin in 1818, after Arkansas became a territory in 1819 Daniel and Thomas Phillips constructed a lumber yard in the community to serve as a fuel depot for traffic along the Arkansas River. In 1831 a post office was constructed for the community, at the known as Phillips Landing. This post office was named after the newly appointed Secretary of State, john Drennen, along with his partner David Thompson, purchased the area for US$11,000. They moved their business of supplying firewood for steamboats to this new location on higher ground, the courthouse was constructed on a lot of land donated by Drennen on the condition that Van Buren become the county seat. The Drennen Reserve is one of the existing historical sites from the 1830s. Van Buren was incorporated on January 4,1845, on December 28,1862, Federal and Confederate forces clashed in and around Van Buren resulting in a defeat for Major-General T. C. Hindman, driving him south across the river with minimal casualties, Federal forces captured 100 prisoners, as stated in an official report by U. S. Major-General Samuel R. Curtis. On April 21,1996, at 11,12 p. m. a category F3 tornado hit the Fort Smith/Van Buren area causing extensive damage. The tornado, which spawned in Oklahoma and crossed into west Fort Smith near the confluence of the Arkansas and Poteau rivers, killed 2, injured 89, the fatalities were small children from Fort Smith. At its worst, the tornado was one mile across. The total distance it traveled on the ground was 7 miles, in total, there were around 1,800 homes damaged, the majority of which were in Van Buren. Van Buren is located in the southwest corner of Crawford County at 35°26′40″N 94°20′48″W, the Arkansas–Oklahoma state line is 2 miles to the west. The Arkansas River forms the boundary of the city, separating it from Fort Smith of Sebastian County. Lee Creek flows through the side of the city into the Arkansas River. According to the United States Census Bureau, Van Buren has an area of 16.5 square miles, of which 15.4 square miles is land and 1.0 square mile. Van Buren lies within a subtropical climate area
9.
Le Flore County, Oklahoma
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Le Flore County is a county located along the eastern border of the U. S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 50,384, the name honors a Choctaw family named LeFlore. Le Flore County is part of the Fort Smith, AR-OK Metropolitan Statistical Area, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma is the federal district court with jurisdiction in Le Flore County. The Choctaw Nation signed the Treaty of Doaks Stand in 1820, ceding part of their home in the Southeastern U. S. In 1832, the Federal Government constructed the Choctaw Agency in Indian Territory about 15 miles west of Fort Smith, the town of Skullyville grew up around the agency. The town housed Indian agents and was a stop for the Butterfield Overland Mail route. It was also the Choctaw capitol for a time, in 1834, the U. S. Army built Fort Coffee a few miles north of Skullyville, but closed it in 1838. The idled fort then became the Fort Coffee Academy for Boys and that church also opened the New Hope Seminary for Girls in 1845, just east of town. In 1847, the Choctaw Agency burned and its functions were transferred to Fort Washita, the Battle of Devils Backbone was fought near the present town of Pocola on September 1,1863. Blunt defeated Confederate Brigadier General William Cabell, union troops burned the academy in 1863, because it was being used to house Confederate troops. In 1866, the Choctaw government was able to reopen area schools, New Hope Seminary operated until it burned in 1896. The first school for Choctaw freedmen opened at Boggy Depot, in 1892, the Tushkalusa Freedmen Boarding school opened three miles southeast of Talihina. In 1896 the Kansas City, Pittsburg and Gulf Railroad built tracks through the north to south. In 1900-01 the Poteau Valley Railroad built a line from Shady Point to Calhoun, also in 1900-01 the Arkansas Western Railroad constructed tracks from Heavener east to Arkansas. In 1901 the Fort Smith and Western Railroad connected Coal Creek west to McCurtain in Haskell County, in 1903-04 the Midland Valley Railroad laid tracks from Arkansas west through Bokoshe to Muskogee. The Oklahoma and Rich Mountain Railroad, owned by the Dierks Lumber and Coal Company, constructed the countys last railroad, from Page to the lumber town of Pine Valley in 1925-26. Prior to statehood, the area that became LeFlore County was part of Moshulatubbee and the Apukshunnubbee districts, and in Sugar Loaf, Skullyville, and Wade counties in the Choctaw Nation. Robert S. Kerr, former Governor of Oklahoma and U. S. Senator, left a legacy in Le Flore County, in 1978 the family donated his ranch home to the state, and it was opened as the Kerr Conference Center and Museum
10.
Sequoyah County, Oklahoma
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Sequoyah County is a county located in the U. S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 42,391, Sequoyah County was created in 1907 when Oklahoma became a state. It was named after Sequoyah, who created the Cherokee syllabary, Sequoyah County is part of the Fort Smith, AR-OK Metropolitan Statistical Area. Archaeological sites within the borders of the present county date to the Archaic Period, a slightly smaller number of sites date to the Plains Village Period. French traders came to area in the 1700s, but Spain claimed the area until 1800. The Louisiana Purchase passed control to the United States, the area was actually inhabited by the Osage Nation until 1816, when Lovelys Purchase occurred, allowing Western Cherokees to settle there before their compulsory removal. The area was known as Lovely County, Arkansas Territory. However, the Cherokee were removed from Arkansas in 1829 and came to the present Sequoyah County, Sequoyah was among those who moved at the time, building a cabin that still stands. Dwight Mission was also moved to a site on Sallisaw Creek, the Cherokee Nation established their first capital at a place they called Tahlonteskee, near the present town of Gore, Oklahoma. Tahlonteskee remained the capital until 1839, when it was superseded by Talequah and it continued as a meeting place for Old Settlers. This area, then known as the Sequoyah District became a hot bed of Confederate sympathizers during the Civil War, the only combat occurred when Stand Watie and his Confederate troops captured a Union steamboat on the Illinois River June 69,1864. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 714 square miles. The county is divided between the Ozark Plateau in the north and the Ouachita Mountains in the south, the Cookson Hills are in the northwest part of the county. The Arkansas River forms the southern border, other major waterways are the Illinois River and Robert S. Interstate 40 runs east and west through Sequoyah county, uS-59 runs north and south through the county. There were 16,940 housing units at a density of 10/km². 2. 03% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,95. 8% spoke English,2. 1% Cherokee and 1. 7% Spanish as their first language. 22. 40% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.05
11.
Sebastian County, Arkansas
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Sebastian County is a county located in the U. S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 125,744, the county has two county seats, Greenwood and Fort Smith. Sebastian County is part of the Fort Smith, AR-OK Metropolitan Statistical Area, Sebastian County is Arkansass 56th county, formed on January 6,1851, and named for William K. Sebastian, United States Senator from Arkansas. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 546 square miles. It is the second-smallest county by area in Arkansas, the population density was 215 people per square mile. There were 49,311 housing units at a density of 92 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 82. 34% White,6. 16% Black or African American,1. 57% Native American,3. 51% Asian,0. 05% Pacific Islander,3. 71% from other races, and 2. 67% from two or more races. 6. 70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,19. 6% were of American,12. 6% German,11. 0% Irish and 9. 0% English ancestry according to Census 2000. 5. 49% reported speaking Spanish at home, while 1. 47% speak Vietnamese and 0. 97% Lao,27. 50% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the family size was 3.04. In the county, the population was out with 26. 00% under the age of 18,9. 20% from 18 to 24,29. 50% from 25 to 44,22. 30% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 95.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.10 males, the median income for a household in the county was $33,889, and the median income for a family was $41,303. Males had an income of $30,056 versus $22,191 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,424, about 10. 40% of families and 13. 60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18. 60% of those under age 18 and 10. 00% of those age 65 or over. As of 2010 census the population of Sebastian County was 125,744, each township includes unincorporated areas, some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times, however, the United States Census does list Arkansas population based on townships. Townships are also of value for purposes in terms of genealogical research
12.
Crawford County, Arkansas
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Crawford County is a county located in the Ozarks region of the U. S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 61,948, the county seat and largest city is Van Buren. Crawford County was formed on October 18,1820 from the former Lovely County and Indian Territory, and was named for William H. Crawford, the United States Secretary of War in 1815. Located largely within the Ozarks, the border of the county is the Arkansas River. Today the county is home to the intersection of two interstate highways, Interstate 40 and I-49. Crawford County is part of the Fort Smith metropolitan area, as a dry county, alcohol sales are generally prohibited, though recent changes to county law provide for exemptions. Crawford County is located in the northwest region of Arkansas, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 604 square miles, of which 593 square miles is land and 11 square miles is water. Crawford County is included in a designated for a planned extension of I-49 into Arkansas. The final project will connect New Orleans, Louisiana, to Kansas City, Missouri, the proposed highway would utilize portions of I-49 which currently runs north from Van Buren toward the Missouri state line passing through Benton County, home of Walmart. The corridor was listed as the number-one high-priority corridor by transportation officials in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, there were 21,315 housing units at an average density of 14/km². The racial makeup of the county was 92. 19% White,0. 87% Black or African American,2. 01% Native American,1. 19% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,1. 48% from other races, and 2. 24% from two or more races. 3. 27% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,20. 00% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the family size was 3.07. In the county, the population was out with 28. 20% under the age of 18,8. 40% from 18 to 24,29. 30% from 25 to 44,22. 80% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 97.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.20 males, the median income for a household in the county was $32,871, and the median income for a family was $36,741. Males had an income of $29,581 versus $20,352 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,015, about 10. 90% of families and 14. 20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19. 30% of those under age 18 and 13. 70% of those age 65 or over
13.
Moffett, Oklahoma
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Moffett is a town in Sequoyah County, Oklahoma, United States. It is part of the Fort Smith, Arkansas-Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area, the population was 128 at the 2010 census, a loss of 28.5 percent from 179 at the 2000 census. After the Civil War, several Cherokee and Cherokee freedmen settled around the present community of Moffett, a post office was established in 1908 and was named for Martha Moffett Payne, wife of Dr. Samuel Payne. The town became a center, especially for cotton farmers. Its population was 340 at the 1930 census, and peaked at 538 in 1940, before and during World War II, the towns bars and gambling establishments attracted soldiers from nearby Fort Smith, Arkansas and Camp Chaffee. The U. S. Army declared Moffett off limits during the war, the town began a long decline after World War II. The 1960 census counted 357 residents, and the decline has continued to the present, moffetts history has included several damaging floods. The most notable of these occurred in 1943,1957,1986, in 2007 the town filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy after Oklahomas attorney general declared it was operating a speed trap, and barred local police from issuing speeding citations. Without the steady stream of revenue generated from motorists passing through on U. S. Highway 64. Moffett is located at 35°23′23″N 94°26′47″W, the town is located in the Arkansas River floodplain, across the river from Fort Smith, Arkansas. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 0.1 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 179 people,61 households, the population density was 1,373.2 people per square mile. There were 68 housing units at a density of 521.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 58. 10% White,8. 38% African American,6. 15% Native American, hispanic or Latino of any race were 6. 15% of the population. 27. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 18. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.59. In the town, the population was out with 38. 5% under the age of 18,6. 1% from 18 to 24,26. 8% from 25 to 44,19. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 28 years, for every 100 females there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.5 males, the median income for a household in the town was $16,875, and the median income for a family was $18,750
14.
Funnel cloud
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A funnel cloud is a funnel-shaped cloud of condensed water droplets, associated with a rotating column of wind and extending from the base of a cloud but not reaching the ground or a water surface. A funnel cloud is visible as a cone-shaped or needle like protuberance from the main cloud base. Funnel clouds form most frequently in association with supercell thunderstorms, if a funnel cloud touches the ground it becomes a tornado. Most tornadoes begin as funnel clouds, but many funnel clouds do not make ground contact, also, a tornado does not necessarily need to have an associated condensation funnel—if strong cyclonic winds are occurring at the surface, then the feature is a tornado. Some tornadoes may appear only as a debris swirl, with no obvious funnel cloud extending below the cloud base. In cloud nomenclature, any funnel- or inverted-funnel-shaped cloud depending from cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds is technically described as a feature called tuba. The terms tuba and funnel cloud are nearly but not exactly synonymous, cold-air funnel clouds are usually short-lived and generally much weaker than the vortices produced by supercells. Although cold-air funnels rarely make contact, they may touch down briefly. They are a common sight along the Pacific Coast of the United States, on July 29,2013, a cold-core funnel cloud touched down as an EF0 tornado in Ottawa, Canada, causing extensive damage in the form of downed trees on a golf course. No advance weather watches or warnings were issued by Environment Canada, Tornado Dust devil Landspout USA Today article on small vortices TORRO Tornado FAQ Cold-core waterspouts over Lake Michigan in fall 2006 Bluestein, Howard B. A Funnel Cloud in a Convective Cloud Line to the Rear of a Surface Cold Front
15.
Fort Smith, Arkansas
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Fort Smith is the second-largest city in Arkansas and one of the two county seats of Sebastian County. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 86,209, Fort Smith has a sister city relationship with Cisterna, Italy, site of the World War II Battle of Cisterna, fought by United States Army Rangers commanded by Fort Smith native William O. Darby. Fort Smith lies on the Arkansas-Oklahoma state border, situated at the junction of the Arkansas and Poteau Rivers, also known as Belle Point. The city began as a frontier military post in 1817 and would later become well known for its role in the settling of the Wild West. In 2007, Fort Smith was selected by the United States Department of the Interior to be the location of the new United States Marshals Service National Museum, the site that would later become Fort Smith became part of the United States in the Louisiana Purchase. Soon after, the Pike Expedition explored the Arkansas River, Fort Smith was founded in 1817 as a military post. A stockade was built and occupied, from 1817 until 1822, around the fort a small settlement began forming, but the Army abandoned the first Fort Smith in 1824 and moved 80 miles further west to Fort Gibson. Fort Smiths name comes from General Thomas Adams Smith, who commanded the United States Army Rifle Regiment in 1817, General Smith had ordered Army topographical engineer Stephen H. Long to find a suitable site on the Arkansas River for a fort. General Smith never visited the town or forts that bore his name, many displaced Native Americans settled in Fort Smith and Van Buren, while Sebastian county was formed in 1851, separated from Crawford County north of the Arkansas River. The fort was occupied by the Confederate Army during the years of the U. S. Civil War. Union troops under General Steele took control of Fort Smith on September 1,1863, a small fight occurred there on July 31,1864, but the Union army maintained command in the area until the war ended in 1865. The town became a haven for runaway slaves, orphans, Southern Unionists, federal troops abandoned the post of Fort Smith for the last time in 1871. The town continued to thrive despite the absence of federal troops, two of Fort Smiths most notable historic figures were Judge Isaac Parker and William Henry Harrison Clayton, sometimes referred to as W. H. H. In 1874, William Henry Harrison Clayton was appointed United States Attorney for the Western District of Arkansas by President Ulysses S. Grant, Fort Smith was a bustling community full of brothels, saloons and outlaws, just across the river from Indian Territory. William Clayton realized a strong judge would be necessary to bring law and he knew of a strong judge in Isaac Parker. But there was a problem, as Judge Parker had been appointed Chief Justice of Utah Territory, with the help of President Grant and US Senator Powell Clayton, former governor of Arkansas, William Clayton was able to undo that appointment and redirect Judge Parker to Fort Smith. Judge Isaac Parker served as U. S. District Judge 1875–1896, over the course of his career in Fort Smith, Parker sentenced 160 people to death. Of those,79 actually were executed on the gallows and his courthouse is now a National Historic Site where more men were put to death by the U. S. Government
16.
Arkansas
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Arkansas is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Its name is of Siouan derivation from the language of the Osage denoting their related kin, the states diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U. S. Interior Highlands, to the forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River. Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States, the capital and most populous city is Little Rock, located in the central portion of the state, a hub for transportation, business, culture, and government. The northwestern corner of the state, such as the Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers Metropolitan Area and Fort Smith metropolitan area, is a population, education, the largest city in the eastern part of the state is Jonesboro. The largest city in the part of the state is Pine Bluff. The Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the 25th state on June 15,1836, in 1861 Arkansas withdrew from the United States and joined the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. Upon returning to the Union in 1868, the state would continue to suffer due to its reliance on slavery. White rural interests continued to dominate the politics until the Civil Rights Movement. Arkansas began to diversify its economy following World War II and relies on its service industry, aircraft, poultry, steel, tourism, cotton, and rice. The culture of Arkansas is observable in museums, theaters, novels, television shows, restaurants, wright, and physicist William L. McMillan, who was a pioneer in superconductor research, have all lived in Arkansas. The name Arkansas derives from the root as the name for the state of Kansas. The Kansa tribe of Native Americans are closely associated with the Sioux tribes of the Great Plains, the word Arkansas itself is a French pronunciation of a Quapaw word, akakaze, meaning land of downriver people or the Sioux word akakaze meaning people of the south wind. In 2007, the legislature passed a non-binding resolution declaring the possessive form of the states name to be Arkansass which has been followed increasingly by the state government. Arkansas borders Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, Oklahoma to the west, Missouri to the north, as well as Tennessee, the United States Census Bureau classifies Arkansas as a southern state, sub-categorized among the West South Central States. The state line along the Mississippi River is indeterminate along much of the border with Mississippi due to these changes. Arkansas can generally be split into two halves, the highlands in the northwest half and the lowlands of the southeastern half, the highlands are part of the Southern Interior Highlands, including The Ozarks and the Ouachita Mountains. The southern lowlands include the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Arkansas Delta and this dual split can yield to general regions named northwest, southwest, northeast, southeast, or central Arkansas
17.
Franklin County, Arkansas
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Franklin County is a county located in the U. S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,125, the county has two county seats, Charleston and Ozark. The county was formed on December 19,1837, and named for Benjamin Franklin, to the north of the Arkansas River, which bisects Franklin County, the county is wet and alcohol is sold in liquor stores, bars and local vineyards. To the south of the Arkansas River, the county is dry, Franklin County was carved out of Crawford County in December 1837. At that time, Franklin was significantly larger than it is at present, initially, the county had a single courthouse at Ozark. Later, after complaints about how difficult it was to cross the river at times, the reality television show, The Simple Life, starring Nicole Richie and Paris Hilton was filmed in Altus in 2003. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 620 square miles. The population density was 29 people per square mile, there were 7,673 housing units at an average density of 13 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 96. 17% White,0. 62% Black or African American,0. 80% Native American,0. 26% Asian,0. 06% Pacific Islander,0. 74% from other races, and 1. 35% from two or more races. 1. 74% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 60% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the family size was 2.99. In the county, the population was out with 25. 80% under the age of 18,8. 50% from 18 to 24,26. 70% from 25 to 44,23. 20% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 98.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.80 males, the median income for a household in the county was $30,848, and the median income for a family was $36,189. Males had an income of $27,907 versus $18,822 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,616, about 10. 60% of families and 15. 20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16. 20% of those under age 18 and 15. 70% of those age 65 or over. Altus Branch Charleston Ozark Wiederkehr Village Denning Alix Cecil Peanut Fly Gap Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of a county, each township includes unincorporated areas, some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times, however, the United States Census does list Arkansas population based on townships
18.
Van Buren County, Arkansas
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Van Buren County is a county located in the U. S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,295, the county was formed on November 11,1833, and named for Martin Van Buren, President of the United States, who was Vice President at the time of the countys formation. It is a prohibition or dry county. Van Buren County should not be confused with the city of Van Buren, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 724 square miles, of which 708 square miles is land and 16 square miles is water. The population density was 23 people per square mile, there were 9,164 housing units at an average density of 13 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 96. 79% White,0. 31% Black or African American,0. 75% Native American,0. 25% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,0. 37% from other races, and 1. 48% from two or more races. 26. 40% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.79. In the county, the population was out with 21. 50% under the age of 18,6. 60% from 18 to 24,23. 00% from 25 to 44,25. 50% from 45 to 64. The median age was 44 years, for every 100 females there were 96.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.00 males, the median income for a household in the county was $27,004, and the median income for a family was $32,284. Males had an income of $25,821 versus $18,862 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,603, about 11. 60% of families and 15. 40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21. 90% of those under age 18 and 10. 60% of those age 65 or over. Clinton Fairfield Bay Damascus Shirley Dennard Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of a county, each township includes unincorporated areas, some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times, however, the United States Census does list Arkansas population based on townships. Townships are also of value for purposes in terms of genealogical research. Each town or city is one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps. The townships of Van Buren County are listed below, listed in parentheses are the cities, towns, national Register of Historic Places listings in Van Buren County, Arkansas Map of Van Buren County from the U. S. Census Bureau
19.
Brinkley, Arkansas
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Brinkley is the most populous city in Monroe County, Arkansas. Located within the Arkansas Delta, Brinkley was founded as a town in 1872. The city has historically been a transportation and agricultural center in the region, more recently developing a reputation for outdoors recreation and the ivory billed woodpecker. Birding has become important to the city and region following the discovery of the ivory billed woodpecker in 2004, located halfway between Little Rock, Arkansas and Memphis, Tennessee, the city has used the slogan Well Meet You Half-Way in some of its advertising campaigns. The population was 3,188 at the 2010 census, in 1852, a land grant for the construction of rail lines was given to the Little Rock and Memphis Railroad Company, led by Robert Campbell Brinkley as its president. Brinkley, born in North Carolina, lived in Memphis where he served a career of noble deeds and generous conduct. Between 1852 and 1869, the settlement was called Lick Skillet, the construction of the rail lines between Little Rock and Memphis brought the City of Brinkley into being. Brinkley is situated in the part of Monroe County, the halfway point between the two larger cities. It was laid out in the winter of 1869 on lands belonging to the railroad, a petition request was granted to incorporate Brinkley on Aug.6,1872, at which time the town had 50 qualified voters. The original charter was filed with the Arkansas Secretary of State on Aug.21,1872, the Texas and St. Louis Railway was built through Brinkley in 1882. Duck hunting is a source of income for the city during the months of November, December. With many rice fields flooded for the winter, and being located on the Mississippi Flyway, men and women from around the United States come to Brinkley for guided hunts throughout the season. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 5.9 square miles. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Brinkley has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated Cfa on climate maps. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,940 people,1,543 households, the population density was 719.0 people per square mile. There were 1,731 housing units at a density of 315.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 49. 09% White,49. 05% Black or African American,0. 18% Native American,0. 30% Asian,0. 05% Pacific Islander,0. 30% from other races, and 1. 62% from two or more races. 1. 12% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,33. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
20.
Wheatley, Arkansas
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Wheatley is a town in St. Francis County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 355 at the 2010 census, down from 372 in 2000, Wheatley is located at 34°54′53″N 91°6′31″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 3.2 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 372 people,151 households, the population density was 117.3 people per square mile. There were 175 housing units at a density of 55. 2/sq mi. The racial makeup of the city was 69. 35% White,29. 30% Black or African American,0. 54% Native American,0. 27% from other races,2. 69% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 27. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.98. In the city the population was out with 25. 5% under the age of 18,8. 6% from 18 to 24,27. 4% from 25 to 44,23. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males, the median income for a household in the city was $27,813, and the median income for a family was $32,917. Males had an income of $20,833 versus $25,938 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,556, about 14. 7% of families and 14. 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23. 2% of those under age 18 and 16. 4% of those age 65 or over. Public education for elementary and secondary students is available from the Palestine–Wheatley School District. In the laste 1980s, the former Wheatley School District merged with the nearby Palestine School District
21.
Monroe County, Arkansas
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Monroe County is located in the Arkansas Delta in the U. S. state of Arkansas. The county is named for James Monroe, the fifth President of the United States, the county is also the site of numerous unincorporated communities and ghost towns. Occupying only 621 square miles, Monroe County is the 22nd smallest county in Arkansas, as of the 2010 Census, the countys population is 8,149 people in 4,455 households. Based on population, the county is the fifth-smallest county of the 75 in Arkansas, located in the Arkansas Delta, the county is largely flat with fertile soils. Historically covered in forest, bayous, swamps, and grasslands and it is drained by the Cache River, Bayou DeView, and the White River. Interstate 40 is the only Interstate highway in Monroe County, crossing the county from east to west through Brinkley, the county also has three United States highways and twelve Arkansas state highways run in the county. A Union Pacific Railroad line also crosses the county from southwest to northeast, settlement in Monroe County began when Dedrick Pike settled where the Cache River enters the White River in 1816. The settlement was named Mouth of the Cache, and a post office by name was opened years later. The community renamed itself Clarendon in 1824 in honor of the Earl of Clarendon, Monroe County was established under the Arkansas territorial legislature in 1829, and the county seat was established at Lawrenceville where a jail and courthouse were erected. A ferry across the White River came in 1836, and in 1857 the county seat was moved to Clarendon, Arkansas, the county sent five units into Confederate service, and the Union captured Clarendon in 1863 and destroyed the city. Martial law was established for four years after the war as guerilla warfare continued, the Union had completely dismandled the brick courthouse and shipped the bricks to De Valls Bluff. The Monroe County Sun was established in 1876 and it was at a site near the intersection of Monroe, Phillips, and Lee counties that surveys began shortly after the United States had completed the Louisiana Purchase. From wetlands in what would become southern Monroe County, approximately 900,000 square miles of land would be explored after President James Madison commissioned a survey of the purchase area, the point was commemorated in 1961 by the Arkansas General Assembly as part of Louisiana Purchase State Park. The county is located in the Arkansas Delta, one of the six geographic regions of Arkansas. The Arkansas Delta is a subregion of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, large portions of Monroe County are also within the Grand Prairie, a subdivision of the Arkansas Delta known today for rice farming and aquaculture. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 621 square miles. Prior to settlement, Monroe County was densely forested, with bayous, sloughs, seeking to take advantage of the areas fertile soils, settlers cleared the land to better suit row crops. Another large land use in Monroe County is the Cache River NWR and White River NWR, owned by the United States Fish, the county is located approximately 73 miles east of Little Rock and 88 miles west-southwest of Memphis, Tennessee
22.
St. Francis County, Arkansas
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St. Francis County is a county located in the U. S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 28,258, the county seat is Forrest City. St. Francis County comprises the Forrest City, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Memphis-Forrest City, TN-MS-AR Combined Statistical Area. A portion of St. Francis County is represented in the Arkansas State Senate by the Republican Ronald R. Caldwell The county was formed on October 13,1827, and named for the St. Francis River. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 643 square miles. Interstate 40 U. S.51. 9% were Black or African American,44. 2% White,0. 5% Native American,0. 5% Asian,1. 4% of some other race and 1. 5% of two or more races. As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 29,329 people,10,043 households, there were 11,242 housing units at an average density of 7/km². 4. 88% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,25. 10% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the family size was 3.17. In the county, the population was out with 27. 90% under the age of 18,9. 90% from 18 to 24,29. 10% from 25 to 44,21. 20% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 105.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.40 males, the median income for a household in the county was $26,146, and the median income for a family was $30,324. Males had an income of $28,389 versus $20,578 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,483, about 23. 10% of families and 27. 50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38. 70% of those under age 18 and 23. 10% of those age 65 or over. The Federal Bureau of Prisons Federal Correctional Complex, Forrest City is in Forrest City, Caldwell Colt Forrest City Hughes Madison Palestine Wheatley Widener Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of a county. Each township includes unincorporated areas, some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries, Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times. However, the United States Census does list Arkansas population based on townships, Townships are also of value for historical purposes in terms of genealogical research. Each town or city is one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps
23.
Texas
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Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Other major cities include Austin, the second most populous state capital in the U. S. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the states struggle for independence from Mexico. The Lone Star can be found on the Texan state flag, the origin of Texass name is from the word Tejas, which means friends in the Caddo language. Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, although Texas is popularly associated with the U. S. southwestern deserts, less than 10 percent of Texas land area is desert. Most of the centers are located in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, the term six flags over Texas refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas, Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845, Texas joined the United States as the 28th state, the states annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican–American War in 1846. A slave state before the American Civil War, Texas declared its secession from the U. S. in early 1861, after the Civil War and the restoration of its representation in the federal government, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation. One Texan industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle, due to its long history as a center of the industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy. The states economic fortunes changed in the early 20th century, when oil discoveries initiated a boom in the state. With strong investments in universities, Texas developed a diversified economy, as of 2010 it shares the top of the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with California at 57. With a growing base of industry, the leads in many industries, including agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace. Texas has led the nation in export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product. The name Texas, based on the Caddo word tejas meaning friends or allies, was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, during Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas, La Provincia de Texas. Texas is the second largest U. S. state, behind Alaska, though 10 percent larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan, it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size. If it were an independent country, Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile, Texas is in the south central part of the United States of America. Three of its borders are defined by rivers, the Rio Grande forms a natural border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south
24.
Frankston, Texas
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Frankston is a town in Anderson County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,229 at the 2010 census, Frankston was named for Frankie Miller, a young woman who donated land for the downtown city park. Frankston is located in northeastern Anderson County at 32°3′14″N 95°30′24″W, at the intersection of U. S. Highway 175, according to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.5 square miles, all of it land. An alternate theory for the name of the town was that Frankston was named after Frank Miller who owned the land when the railway was built, the Miller house still stands as a historical landmark in the southeast part of town, down ACR19. The state bought the land from him and named the city in his honor, the original Main Street still holds the name Miller Street. The junction of highways 155 and 175 is now the point of the town. U. S. Highway 175 State Highway 155 Farm to Market Road 19 A railroad line operated by the Southern Pacific Railroad served Frankston from 1902 until its abandonment in the mid-1980s. The only remaining vestige of the line in the city is a building used by the railroad company as a depot. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,209 people,472 households, the population density was 488.6 people per square mile. There were 525 housing units at a density of 212.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 86. 68% White,10. 92% African American,0. 17% Native American,0. 08% Asian,0. 91% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 81% of the population. 29. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 21. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.02. In the town, the population was out with 23. 1% under the age of 18,6. 9% from 18 to 24,21. 9% from 25 to 44,23. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 44 years, for every 100 females there were 80.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 72.5 males, the median income for a household in the town was $28,125, and the median income for a family was $37,130. Males had an income of $27,250 versus $20,313 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,609, about 12. 8% of families and 17. 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14. 0% of those under age 18 and 25. 6% of those age 65 or over. Frankston is served by the Frankston Independent School District, Frank Beard, drummer for ZZ Top Herbert H. Reynolds, 11th president of Baylor University The Frankston Post Office is located at 400 East Main Street, Frankston, Texas 75763-9997
25.
Anderson County, Texas
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Anderson County is a county in the U. S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 58,458, Anderson county was organized in 1846 and is named in honor of Kenneth L. Anderson, who had been Vice President of the Republic of Texas. Anderson County comprises the Palestine, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area, the county is wholly located within Area Code 430 /903. Indians friendly to the settlers resided in east Texas before the Kiowa, Kickapoo, Kichai and these tribes hunted, farmed the land, and were adept traders. By 1772 they had settled on the Brazos at Waco and on the Trinity upstream from the site of present Palestine, the Tawakoni branch of Wichita Indians originated north of Texas, but migrated south into east Texas. From 1843 onward, the Tawakoni were part of treaties made by both the Republic of Texas and the United States, among the captured was Cynthia Ann Parker, who later became mother of Comanche Chief Quanah Parker. Some residents of Anderson County are related to Cynthia Ann Parker, in October 1838, Gen. Thomas Jefferson Rusk conducted a raid against hostile Indians at Kickapoo, near Frankston, ending the engagements with the Indians in eastern Texas for that year. In 1826, empresario David G. Burnet received a grant from the Coahuila y Tejas legislature to settle 300 families in what is now Anderson County, most of the settlers in the county came from the southern states and from Missouri. Baptist spiritual leader Daniel Parker and eight other men organized the Pilgrim Predestinarian Regular Baptist Church in Lamotte, the fellowship in its entirety migrated in 1833 to the new frontier of Texas. Among this group of settlers were Silas M. Parker, Moses Herrin, Elisha Anglin, Luther T. M. Plummer, David Faulkenberry, Joshua Hadley, fort Parker was the earliest actual settlement in the vicinity. After the fort was attacked, some of the moved to Anderson County. The First Legislature of the state of Texas formed Anderson County from Houston County on March 24,1846, the county was named after Kenneth Lewis Anderson. Anderson County voted in favor of secession from the Union, in 1875, the International – Great Northern Railroad placed its machine and repair shops and general offices in Palestine, causing the community to double in size over the next five years. In January 1928 the first successful oil producer in Anderson County, by the year 2000 -295,904,540 barrels of oil had been taken from county lands since 1929. The Gus Engeling Wildlife Management Area was purchased by the state between 1950 and 1960, much of it. The area was renamed in 1952 after Gus A. Engeling, Anderson County tied for 13th place in a list of the 25 American counties with the highest number of lynchings between 1877-1950. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,078 square miles. U. S. Highway 79 U. S. Highway 84 U. S. Highway 175 U. S, the population density was 52 people per square mile
26.
Tennessee
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Tennessee is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States, Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, Tennessees capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 654,610. Memphis is the states largest city, with a population of 655,770, the state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1,1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, occupied by Union forces from 1862, it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war. Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia and this sharply reduced competition in politics in the state until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-20th century. This city was established to house the Manhattan Projects uranium enrichment facilities, helping to build the worlds first atomic bomb, Tennessees major industries include agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Poultry, soybeans, and cattle are the primary agricultural products, and major manufacturing exports include chemicals, transportation equipment. In the early 18th century, British traders encountered a Cherokee town named Tanasi in present-day Monroe County, the town was located on a river of the same name, and appears on maps as early as 1725. The meaning and origin of the word are uncertain, some accounts suggest it is a Cherokee modification of an earlier Yuchi word. It has been said to mean meeting place, winding river, according to ethnographer James Mooney, the name can not be analyzed and its meaning is lost. The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the governor of South Carolina, the spelling was popularized by the publication of Henry Timberlakes Draught of the Cherokee Country in 1765. In 1788, North Carolina created Tennessee County, the county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee. When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new out of the Southwest Territory. Other sources differ on the origin of the nickname, according to the Columbia Encyclopedia. Tennessee ties Missouri as the state bordering the most other states, the state is trisected by the Tennessee River. The highest point in the state is Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet, Clingmans Dome, which lies on Tennessees eastern border, is the highest point on the Appalachian Trail, and is the third highest peak in the United States east of the Mississippi River
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Newport, Tennessee
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Newport is a city in and the county seat of Cocke County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 6,945 at the 2010 census, down from 7,242 at the 2000 census, the estimated population in 2014 was 6,880. It is located along the Pigeon River, the Great Indian Warpath passed through what is now Newport en route to the ancient Cherokee hunting grounds of northeastern Tennessee. The Warpath crossed the Pigeon River at a point approximately 0.2 miles east of the McSween Memorial Bridge, the first European traders to the area, arriving in the mid-18th century, called this point along the Pigeon River the War Ford. During the American Revolution, the Cherokee aligned themselves with the British, in August of that year, Sevier crossed the Pigeon at War Ford, attacking and killing several Cherokee camped along the rivers banks. This assault was one of the engagements of the Revolution. At the close of the Revolution, the first Euro-American settlers arrived in the Newport area, peter Fine established a ferry on the north bank of the French Broad in the early 1780s, and in 1783 John Gilliland settled opposite Fines Ferry in what is now Oldtown. For nearly a quarter-century, the residents of the Newport area lived under constant threat of attack from Cherokee crossing the mountains from North Carolina, the Cherokee responded by stealing Fines livestock and attempting to herd them back to North Carolina. Fine gave chase and managed to retrieve the livestock, but on the march he was ambushed and his brother. The Cherokee were in pursuit, and Vinets body was hidden in a hole in a creek for later retrieval. The creek melted and the body was lost, the creek was named Fines Creek. Shortly thereafter, two ODells were killed, one of Sanduskys daughters was kidnapped, and several settlers were killed or scalped. To provide defense against these attacks, the early settlers erected a series of forts in the area. Woods Fort guarded the Forks-of-the-River just downstream from Newport, and McCoys Fort, other installations included Huffs Fort at what is now Del Rio. With Seviers victory at the Battle of Boyds Creek and the ensuing Treaty of Dumplin in 1785, in the 1790s, the Cherokee signed a series of treaties which essentially ceded most of the land on the Tennessee side of the Great Smokies to the U. S. government. By 1800, Cherokee attacks in the Newport area had been drastically reduced, the French Broad River passes 1 mile north of the current city limits. As the French Broad empties into the Tennessee River, towns along its banks are connected via waterway to New Orleans, in the early 19th century, William Faubion, who lived just northeast of New Port, managed to reach New Orleans with a flatboat shipment and return safely. In early 19th-century East Tennessee, which was riddled with poor roads and hilly terrain, New Port, situated on the French Broad near Forks-of-the-River, quickly developed into a flatboat trading hub
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Cocke County, Tennessee
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Cocke County is a county in the U. S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 35,662, Cocke County comprises the Newport, TN Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Knoxville-Morristown-Sevierville, TN Combined Statistical Area. Before the arrival of European settlers, the area that is now Cocke County probably was inhabited by Cherokees, the first recorded European settlement in the county was in 1783 when land near the fork of the French Broad and the Pigeon Rivers was cleared and cultivated. The county was established by an Act of the Tennessee General Assembly on October 9,1797, from a part of Jefferson County and it was named for William Cocke, one of the states first United States Senators. Like many East Tennessee counties, Cocke County was largely pro-Union on the eve of the Civil War, in Tennessees Ordinance of Secession referendum on June 8,1861, the countys residents voted 1,185 to 518 against secession. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 443 square miles. The southern part of the county is located within the Great Smoky Mountains, the northern part of the county is situated within the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians. The countys highest point is Old Black, which rises to 6,370 feet in the Smokies along the border with North Carolina. English Mountain, a ridge that peaks at 3,629 feet. Cocke County is drained by the French Broad River, which traverses the northern part of the county, a portion of this river is part of Douglas Lake, an artificial reservoir created by Douglas Dam further downstream. The Pigeon River flows northward across the county and empties into the French Broad north of Newport at Irish Bottoms, the population density was 77 people per square mile. There were 15,844 housing units at a density of 36 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 96. 16% White,1. 99% Black or African American,0. 40% Native American,0. 15% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 32% from other races, and 0. 96% from two or more races. 1. 05% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,25. 70% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the family size was 2.87. In the county, the population was out with 22. 80% under the age of 18,8. 30% from 18 to 24,28. 80% from 25 to 44,26. 40% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39 years, for every 100 females there were 94.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.80 males, the median income for a household in the county was $25,553, and the median income for a family was $30,418
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Tornado family
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A tornado family is a series of tornadoes spawned by the same supercell thunderstorm. These families form a line of successive or parallel tornado paths, Tornado families are sometimes mistaken as a single continuous tornado, especially prior to the 1970s. Sometimes the tornado tracks can overlap and expert analysis is necessary to determine whether or not damage was created by a family or a single tornado. In some cases, such as the Hesston-Goessel, Kansas tornadoes of March 1990, different tornadoes of a tornado family merge, some tornado damage remains a mystery even today due to a lack of evidence. The Tri-State Tornado of March 1925 was one such tornado and it could either have been the longest single tornado recorded or a family of tornadoes. Tornado families can be a result of tornadoes, cyclic tornadogenesis. Intense downbursts may also cause damage paths to appear continuous, although this was more an issue for historic tornadoes as such damage usually is now distinguishable as from straight-line winds. Especially when newly forming, tornadoes may sometimes exhibit brief breaks in the path even as the parent circulation is continuous. Such events may be considered as skipping, a term originally referred to what now is typically a tornado family. Successive tornadoes may be considered by some as separate tornadoes only when spawned by a new tornadocyclone or low-level mesocyclone, Tornado outbreak Tornadogenesis Tornado intensity and damage
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Washington County, Tennessee
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Washington County is a county located in the U. S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 122,979, the countys largest city and a regional educational, medical and commercial center is Johnson City. Washington County is Tennessees oldest county, having established in 1777 when the state was still part of North Carolina. Washington County is rooted in the Watauga settlements, which were established in the early 1770s in the vicinity of what is now Elizabethton, at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War in 1776, the Wataugans organized the Washington District, which was governed by a committee of safety. North Carolina initially refused to recognize the settlements as legal, the settlements were governed as the Washington District, which originally included all of what is now Tennessee. The district was reorganized as Washington County in 1777, from 1784 through 1788, the county was part of the State of Franklin, an early attempt to create a fourteenth state prior to Kentucky and Vermonts admissions into the union. It then became part of the Southwest Territory in 1790, and finally, Jonesborough, the county seat of Washington County, is Tennessees oldest town. With many buildings restored, it one of the nations most authentic historic districts of the period 1790–1870. Washington County was divided between pro-Union and pro-secession sentiments at the outset of the Civil War, in Tennessees Ordinance of Secession referendum on June 8,1861, Washington Countians voted 1,445 to 1,022 in favor of remaining in the Union. One of the targeted by the East Tennessee bridge-burners in November 1861 was located in what is now Watauga near the Washington-Carter county line. Landon Carter Haynes, a Confederate senator, hailed from Washington County, Johnson City, originally known as Johnsons Depot, was a major railway center for the southeastern states, connecting the region for freight transportation and passengers. Significant restoration is underway, as well as publicizing the railroad heritage of the Johnsons Depot Historic District, other historic properties are being restored as representative of Johnson Citys late nineteenth and early twentieth-century era as a railway center. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 330 square miles. The western portion of the county is situated in the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, the countys most prominent Ridge-and-Valley features rise in the vicinity of its northwestern border with Hawkins and Sullivan counties. The eastern portion of the county lies within the Blue Ridge Mountains, specifically the Bald Mountains, buffalo Mountain, a long ridge that straddles much of Washingtons eastern boundary, contains the countys highest point,3, 520-foot Pinnacle Knob. The Cherokee National Forest protects much of the eastern part of the county. Sampson Mountain, which rises in the part of the county, is home to a designated national wilderness area. The Nolichucky River flows through the part of Washington County
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Unicoi County, Tennessee
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Unicoi County is a county located in the U. S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,313, Unicoi is a Cherokee word meaning white, hazy, fog-like, or fog draped. Unicoi County was created in 1875 from portions of Washington and Carter counties, the county remained predominantly agrarian until the arrival of railroads in the area in the 1880s. During the 1910s, the Clinchfield Railroad established a pottery in Erwin and this company produced a popular brand of dishware, commonly called Blue Ridge China, which featured hand-painted underglaze designs. While the company folded in the 1950s, Blue Ridge dishes remain popular with antique collectors, in 1916, a bizarre event took place in Erwin when a circus elephant, Mary, was hanged for killing her trainer. Hanging was chosen as the method of execution since all available guns were believed inadequate for killing an elephant, the hanging was the subject of a book, The Day They Hung the Elephant, by Charles Edwin Price. Hear it spoken According to the U. S. Census Bureau and it is the fifth-smallest county in Tennessee by total area. The Nolichucky River, which enters Unicoi County from North Carolina, is the primary drainage. Unicoi County is situated entirely within the Blue Ridge Mountains, specifically the Bald Mountains, big Bald, which at 5,516 feet is the highest mountain in the Balds, is also Unicoi Countys high point. Traversed by the Appalachian Trail, the mountain is topped by a grassy bald, the population density was 95 people per square mile. There were 8,214 housing units at a density of 44 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 97. 96% White,0. 07% Black or African American,0. 25% Native American,0. 08% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 95% from other races, and 0. 66% from two or more races. 1. 94% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,27. 50% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the family size was 2.80. In the county, the population was out with 20. 50% under the age of 18,7. 50% from 18 to 24,27. 50% from 25 to 44,26. 50% from 45 to 64. The median age was 42 years, for every 100 females there were 95.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.60 males, the median income for a household in the county was $29,863, and the median income for a family was $36,871. Males had an income of $30,206 versus $20,379 for females
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Virginia
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Virginia is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, as well as in the historic Southeast. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, the capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond, Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealths estimated population as of 2014 is over 8.3 million, the areas history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony, slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colonys early politics and plantation economy. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, the Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World. The state government was ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States in both 2005 and 2008 and it is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginias economy changed from agricultural to industrial during the 1960s and 1970s. Virginia has an area of 42,774.2 square miles, including 3,180.13 square miles of water. Virginias boundary with Maryland and Washington, D. C. extends to the mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, the border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U. S. Supreme Court. The Chesapeake Bay separates the portion of the Commonwealth from the two-county peninsula of Virginias Eastern Shore. The bay was formed from the river valleys of the Susquehanna River. Many of Virginias rivers flow into the Chesapeake Bay, including the Potomac, Rappahannock, York, and James, the Tidewater is a coastal plain between the Atlantic coast and the fall line. It includes the Eastern Shore and major estuaries of Chesapeake Bay, the Piedmont is a series of sedimentary and igneous rock-based foothills east of the mountains which were formed in the Mesozoic era. The region, known for its clay soil, includes the Southwest Mountains around Charlottesville. The Blue Ridge Mountains are a province of the Appalachian Mountains with the highest points in the state. The Ridge and Valley region is west of the mountains and includes the Great Appalachian Valley, the region is carbonate rock based and includes Massanutten Mountain. The Cumberland Plateau and the Cumberland Mountains are in the southwest corner of Virginia, in this region, rivers flow northwest, with a dendritic drainage system, into the Ohio River basin
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Gate City, Virginia
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Gate City is a town in Scott County, Virginia, United States. The population was 2,034 at the 2010 census and it is the county seat of Scott County. Some scenes from The River were shot here, in 1771, Silas Engart received a land grant of 200 acres that included the location of the future town. By the time of Scott County’s formation in 1815, landowner James Davidson, the location of the town was such that it would emerge as an important commercial center for people and goods traveling through Big Moccasin Gap and the Holston River. When the county seat was established in 1815, it was named Winfield in honor of War of 1812 hero Gen. Winfield Scott, the main street of the new town honored war hero and future president Andrew Jackson. In 1817, the town was renamed Estillville in honor of Benjamin Estill, a regular wagon train and coach line service conveying people, mail, and commercial goods between Bedford and Estilville. Gate City received its present name in 1886, when Gen. Rufus A. Ayers pointed out that proximity to Big Moccasin Gap marked the town as the “Gate Way to the West. ”The town was incorporated in 1892. By the beginning of the twentieth-century, Gate City was one of several “boom towns” located in southwestern Virgina, although the streets were little more than dirt byways in the town, the area was a vibrant commercial and transportation center. Up to six passenger trains passed through Gate City. The town also had a railroad log yard where logs from all over the county were stored, iron ore from the Snowflake and Nickelsville areas as well as glass sand from the south of Clinch Mountain were manufactured and shipped from Gate City. In addition, the town had a manufacturing center in the area of Water Street where wood pumps, staves, sleds. By the 1930s, Gate City had three theaters, banks, and a hotel. The town also had two businesses that dealt with sales and repairs. By the 1950s and 1960s, the momentum was slowing. As industry in Kingsport, Tennessee attracted Gate City residents, several local businesses, by 2010, many former commercial buildings stood vacant, but the Gate City Historic District was newly listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Gate City is located at 36°38′18″N 82°34′50″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 2.1 square miles, of which 2.0 square miles is land and 0.04 square miles. The town has expanded its boundaries since the 2000 census via a boundary adjustment agreement with the county, bordered by a mountain, Gate City is a small city relative to its neighbors and located on U. S
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Scott County, Tennessee
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Scott County is a county located in the U. S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 22,228, Scott County was formed in 1849 from portions of Anderson, Campbell, Fentress and Morgan counties. It is named for U. S. Army General Winfield Scott, during the Civil War, the county was strongly Unionist, voting against secession from the Union in Tennessees June 1861 referendum by a higher percentage than in any other Tennessee county. This sentiment was encouraged by a June 4,1861, speech in Huntsville by senator from Tennessee, the county remained a pro-Union enclave throughout the war. The proclamation was finally repealed, over a years later. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 533 square miles. The county is located in a hilly area atop the Cumberland Plateau. U. S. Route 27 is the countys primary north-south road, State Highway 63 connects Scott County with Campbell County to the east. State Highway 52 connects Scott County with the Fentress County area to the west, a portion of State Highway 297 connects Oneida with the Big South Fork Recreation Area. The population density was 40 per square mile, there were 8,909 housing units at an average density of 17 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 98. 53% White,0. 09% Black or African American,0. 25% Native American,0. 12% Asian,0. 10% from other races,0. 57% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 24. 30% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.02. 26. 10% of the population were under the age of 18,10. 30% from 18 to 24,28. 70% from 25 to 44,23. 60% from 45 to 64, the median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 97.40 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.00 males. The median household income was $24,093 and the family income was $28,595. Males had an income of $24,721 compared with $19,451 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,927, about 17. 60% of families and 20. 20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24. 10% of those under age 18 and 17. 10% of those age 65 or over. Scott County, a part of the Cumberland Plateau, includes the majority of the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area
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Flint Hill, Rappahannock County, Virginia
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Flint Hill is a census-designated place in Rappahannock County, Virginia, United States. The population as of the 2010 Census was 209 and it is located on Route 522, approximately 2 miles to the east of the border of the Shenandoah National Park. The Caledonia Farm and the Flint Hill Baptist Church are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Virginia Trend Report 2, State and Complete Places, Flint Hill - Virginia Is For Lovers. NRHP nomination for Flint Hill Historic District
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Rappahannock County, Virginia
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Rappahannock County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, US. As of the 2010 census, the population was 7,373, the name Rappahannock comes from the Algonquian word lappihanne, meaning river of quick, rising water or where the tide ebbs and flows. Rappahannock County is included in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, Rappahannock County was founded by an act of the Virginia General Assembly in 1833, based on the growing populations need to have better access to a county seat. The countys land was carved from Culpeper County, Rappahannock county was named for the river that separates it from Fauquier County. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 267.2 square miles. The Rappahannock River forms the boundary and separates Rappahannock County from Fauquier County. Rappahannock County is bounded on the southeast by Culpeper County and on the southwest by Madison County, the Blue Ridge Mountains occupy much of the western portion of the county. The population density was 26 people per square mile, there were 3,303 housing units, at an average density of 12 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 92. 64% White,5. 44% Black or African American,0. 16% Native American,0. 21% Asian,0. 40% from other races,1. 30% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 23. 40% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.50, and the average family size was 2.94. In the county, the population was out, with 22. 30% under the age of 18,5. 60% from 18 to 24,26. 40% from 25 to 44,31. 80% from 45 to 64. The median age was 43 years, for every 100 females, there were 98.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.30 males, the median income for a household in the county was $45,943, and the median income for a family was $51,848. Males had an income of $32,725 versus $22,950 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,863, about 5. 20% of families and 7. 60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10. 80% of those under age 18 and 3. 20% of those age 65 or over. Among the private schools in the county are two pre-K thru 12 schools, Hearthstone School, and Wakefield Country Day School. there is one 6 thru 12 school, Rappahannock Historical Society,328 Gay Street, Washington, VA22747
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Iron Gate, Virginia
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Iron Gate is a town in Alleghany County, Virginia, United States. The population was 388 at the 2010 census, Iron Gate is located at 37°47′55″N 79°47′28″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 0.3 square miles. Iron Gate is also where the waters of the James River arise. As of the census of 2000, there were 404 people,185 households, the population density was 1,170.6 people per square mile. There were 197 housing units at a density of 570.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 94. 55% White,5. 20% African American,31. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 17. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the family size was 2.73. In the town, the population was out with 16. 6% under the age of 18,8. 2% from 18 to 24,24. 0% from 25 to 44,27. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 46 years, for every 100 females there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males, the median income for a household in the town was $26,094, and the median income for a family was $34,464. Males had an income of $27,222 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,703, about 7. 4% of families and 9. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8. 8% of those under age 18 and 13. 7% of those age 65 or over. The climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Iron Gate has a marine west coast climate, abbreviated Cfb on climate maps
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Alleghany County, Virginia
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Alleghany County is an American county located on the far western edge of Commonwealth of Virginia. It is bordered by the Allegheny Mountains, from which the county derives its name, the county was created in 1822 from parts of Botetourt County, Bath County, and Monroe County. At the time, the majority of the population lived around Covington, and the cash crop then was hemp. As of the 2010 census, the population was 16,250, the majority of that growth, however, can be attributed to the reincorporation of the formerly independent city of Clifton Forge back into Alleghany County in 2001. Alleghany County was established on January 5,1822 by an act of the Virginia General Assembly, the new county was formed from parts of Botetourt, Bath, and Monroe counties, with most of the population centered in the new county seat in Covington. Alleghany County was named for the Allegheny Mountains, which border the edge of the County. When the county was established, the export was hemp. However, as demand and prices declined, the farmers of Alleghany switched to grain, hay. During the American Civil War, the iron for the CSS Virginia came from Longdale Furnace in the county, regiments from Alleghany County were at the surrender at Appomattox. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 449 square miles. The population density was 29 people per square mile, there were 5,812 housing units at an average density of 13 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 96. 35% White,2. 45% Black or African American,0. 21% Native American,0. 24% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 20% from other races, and 0. 53% from two or more races. 0. 36% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,42. 9% were of American,11. 6% German,11. 0% English and 9. 8% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000. 22. 20% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.85. The age distribution is 22. 80% under the age of 18,6. 20% from 18 to 24,26. 80% from 25 to 44,28. 50% from 45 to 64, the median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 99.60 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.30 males. The median income for a household in the county was $38,545, males had a median income of $35,120 versus $20,855 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,635, about 4. 90% of families and 7. 10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8. 60% of those under age 18 and 10. 80% of those age 65 or over
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Bath County, Virginia
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Bath County is a United States county located in the Shenandoah Valley and on the central western border of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,731, in 2015, baths county seat is Warm Springs. Bath County was created in 1790 from parts of Augusta, Botetourt, and Greenbrier counties, like its namesake, Bath Countys economy is focused on tourism and recreation, due to its many natural mineral springs found in the area. The countys major employer is The Homestead, a resort and historical hotel located in Hot Springs, the county is represented in the Virginia General Assembly by Senator Creigh Deeds and Delegate Ben Cline. Bath County was established on December 14,1790 from sections of Augusta, Botetourt, due to the many mineral springs found in the area, the county was named for the English spa and resort city of Bath. The areas economy has focused on tourism and travel since the 1700s, located along the western central border with West Virginia, Bath County comprises a number of villages, including Hot Springs, Warm Springs, Millboro and Mountain Grove. Hot Springs and Warm Springs are the most well known of the villages, Bath County is one of the few counties in Virginia without a traffic signal. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 535 square miles. 89% of Bath County is forest, with 51% national forest, the Nature Conservancy owns more than 9,000 acres of forest habitat. The population density was 10 people per square mile, there were 2,896 housing units at an average density of 5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 92. 29% White,6. 28% Black or African American,0. 22% Native American,0. 38% Asian,0. 06% Pacific Islander,0. 10% from other races, and 0. 67% from two or more races. 0. 36% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,26. 30% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the family size was 2.80. In the county, the population was out with 21. 00% under the age of 18,5. 50% from 18 to 24,28. 20% from 25 to 44,28. 50% from 45 to 64. The median age was 42 years, for every 100 females there were 100.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.20 males, the median income for a household in the county was $35,013, and the median income for a family was $41,276. Males had an income of $30,238 versus $21,974 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,092,7. 80% of the population and 5. 80% of families were below the poverty line
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Cowpasture River
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The Cowpasture River is a chief tributary of the James River in western Virginia in the United States. It is joined in eastern Highland County by Shaws Fork and gains breadth but has little depth, for 20 miles from this confluence the Cowpasture is joined by many small streams, and flows in increasingly wide bends in eastern Bath County. Downstream of the community of Millboro Springs the river deep enough for year-round boating. In eastern Alleghany County the Cowpasture is joined by Simpson Creek and shortly enters Botetourt County, the Indians had named the river Walatoola, which means winding waters, describing the great bends in the river. However, when British settlers arrived in the 1720s they named it the Cowpasture, there is an interesting story about how the Cowpasture and neighboring rivers the Bullpasture River and Calfpasture River came to be so named. It is said that the Indians once had stolen a herd of cattle and were driving them westward into the mountains. The calves naturally tired first, they were left behind at the river which is now the Calfpasture, the cows were driven on farther, but they, too, had to be abandoned, the valley in which they were left became the valley of the Cowpasture. The bulls, being somewhat hardier, were able to continue westward. The Cowpasture flows through valley and ridge topography of shale, limestone, because of the limestone there are a great number of sinkholes and caves. During extended dry periods the upper courses of the river will dry up. Because the Cowpasture is bordered by George Washington National Forest, Highland Wildlife Management Area, there are many bald eagles which nest along the river, and there are also river otters, which have been reintroduced. With the abundance of wildlife there are also many hunt camps along the river, list of Virginia rivers Cowpasture River Preservation Association USGS Flow Data U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System, Cowpasture River
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Hamilton, Virginia
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Hamilton is a town in the Loudoun Valley of Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. The population was 506 as of the 2010 census, Hamilton is located 6 miles west of the county seat Leesburg at 39°8′2″N 77°39′51″W, near the western base of Catoctin Mountain. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 0.2 square miles. The present Town of Hamilton was once occupied by native tribes. European settlers arrived in the 1730s, in 1768, George and Tabitha Roach Tavenner built the first house in the Hamilton area. Their son, Richard and his wife Ann Hatcher, built an estate called Harmony, the Leesburg and Snickers Gap Turnpike Company opened a road connecting Leesburg and Snickersville in 1831. Growth ensued and by 1833, the area had enough population to sustain Harmony Methodist Church, the town also became known as Hamilton Store after a store founded there by Charles Bennett Hamilton. In 1835, John Quincy Adams approved a post office located in Hamiltons store, by 1868, a steam railroad from Alexandria had come to Hamilton along the future route of the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad. Many tourists came to the town seeking relief from the citys heat, there was a one and 1/2 mile boardwalk that traversed the town and a dance hall. By 1900, the Town of Hamilton was Loudoun Countys second largest town, the advent of the automobile led to a slow decline in tourism. In 1926, many of the central businesses were destroyed by fire. Hamilton has since been more as a residential community. The Hamilton Masonic Lodge, Janney House, William Smith House, Spring Hill Farm, as of the census of 2000, there were 562 people,216 households, and 157 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,218.2 people per square mile, there were 224 housing units at an average density of 884.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 97. 69% White,1. 42% African American,0. 53% Asian,0. 36% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 07% of the population. 21. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.05. In the town, the population was out with 28. 3% under the age of 18,4. 4% from 18 to 24,33. 3% from 25 to 44,26. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 87.3 males
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Loudoun County, Virginia
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Loudoun County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. In 2015, the population was estimated at 375,629, Loudoun County is part of the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of 2012, Loudoun County had a household income of $117,876. Since 2008 the county has been ranked first in the United States in median income among jurisdictions with a population of 65,000 or more. Loudoun County was established in 1757 from Fairfax County, the county is named for John Campbell, Fourth Earl of Loudoun and Governor General of Virginia from 1756–59. By the time of the American Revolution, it was Virginias most populous county and it was also rich in agriculture, and the countys contributions of grain to George Washingtons Continental Army, earned it the nickname Breadbasket of the Revolution. During the War of 1812, important Federal documents and government archives were evacuated from Washington, local tradition holds that these documents were stored at Rokeby House, making Leesburg briefly the capital of the United States. U. S. President James Monroe treated Oak Hill Plantation as a residence from 1823 until his death on July 4,1831. Early in the American Civil War, the Battle of Balls Bluff took place near Leesburg on October 21,1861, future jurist Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. was critically wounded in that battle along the Potomac River. During the Gettysburg Campaign in June 1863, Confederate Major General J. E. B, stuart and Union cavalry clashed in the battles of Aldie, Middleburg, and Upperville. Confederate partisan John S. Mosby based his operations in Loudoun, in 1962, Washington Dulles International Airport was built in southeastern Loudoun County in Sterling. Since then, Loudoun County has experienced a boom and rapid growth. Others have moved to the county seat or to the small towns, the countys official motto, I Byde My Time, is borrowed from the coat of arms of the Earl of Loudoun. Loudoun County was traditionally a Republican-leaning county, before the 2008 election, it had not voted for a Democrat for President since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. In recent years, the rapid growth in its eastern portion, driven mainly by commuters drawn by the close proximity to Washington. After giving Senator Barack Obama nearly 54% of its vote in 2008. Voters also removed two incumbent Democratic delegates, making Loudouns state House delegation all-Republican, Loudoun shifted back to the Democrats in 2012 in the presidential election, as Obama recaptured the county with 51. 5%, with Republican challenger Mitt Romney garnering 47%. Like many counties in Virginia, Loudoun is governed by a board of supervisors, the Chairman of the Board is elected by county voters at-large while the remaining supervisors are elected from each of eight electoral districts
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Culpeper County, Virginia
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Culpeper County is a county located in the central region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 46,689 and its county seat and only incorporated community is Culpeper. Culpeper County is included in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, at the time of European encounter, the inhabitants of the area that became Culpeper County were a Siouan-speaking sub-group of the Manahoac tribe called the Tegninateo. Culpeper County was established in 1749 from Orange County, the county is named for Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper, colonial governor of Virginia from 1677 to 1683. During the Civil War the Battle of Cedar Mountain took place on August 9,1862, in May 1749, the first Culpeper Court convened in the home of Robert Coleman, not far from where the Town of Culpeper is now located. In July 1749, 17-year-old George Washington was commissioned as the first County surveyor, one of his first duties was to lay out the Countys courthouse complex, which included the courthouse, jail, stocks, gallows and accessory buildings. By 1752 the complex stood at what is now the northeast corner of Davis, the courthouse village was named the Town of Fairfax after Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron. During the Virginia convention held in May 1775, the colony was divided into sixteen districts, each district had instructions to raise a battalion of men to march at a minutes notice. Culpeper, Orange and Fauquier, forming one district, raised 350 men in Claytons old field on the Catalpa estate, the Culpeper Minute Men reorganized in 1860 in response to the impending Civil War and became part of 13th Infantrys Company B. The Culpeper Minutemen were again organized for World War I, Culpeper County is in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, which are quickly accessed beginning with Old Rag Mountain and the Skyline Drive just up Route 522. Culpeper County is home to Commonwealth Park, site for many equestrian events. It was here that actor Christopher Reeve suffered his accident during a competition, Culpeper is home to famous battlefield at Brandy Station and the boyhood home to Civil War General A. P. Hill. The town of Culpeper was rated #10 by Norman Crampton, author of The 100 Best Small Towns in America, Culpeper was the last County in Virginia to integrate schools. In April 2016, the county Board of Supervisors denied a routine request from the Islamic Center of Culpeper for a pump and this act resulted in a lawsuit by the U. S. Department of Justice in December. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 383 square miles. Hansohn Ceder Mountain District, Jack Frazier, Chairman East Fairfax District, Steven L. Walker Jefferson District, rosenberger Salem District, Alexa V. Fritz Stevensburg District, William C. Chase, Jr. Vice Chairman West Fairfax District, Gary M, as of the census of 2000, there were 34,262 people,12,141 households, and 9,045 families residing in the county. The population density was 40 people per square mile, there were 12,871 housing units at an average density of 34 per square mile
