1.
2nd millennium
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The second millennium was a period of time that began on January 1,1001 and ended on December 31,2000 of the Gregorian calendar. It was the period of one thousand years in the Anno Domini or Common Era. The Renaissance saw the beginning of the migration of humans from Europe, Africa. The interwoven international trade led to the formation of multi-national corporations, international business ventures reduced the impact of nationalism in popular thought. The world population doubled over the first seven centuries of the millennium, consequently, unchecked human activity had considerable social and environmental consequences, giving rise to extreme poverty, climate change and biotic crisis. The 2nd millennium was a period of time began on January 1,1001. It was the period of one thousand years in the Anno Domini or Common Era. The Julian calendar was used in Europe at the beginning of the millennium, so the end date is always calculated according to the Gregorian calendar, but the beginning date is usually according to the Julian calendar. Stephen Jay Gould argued that it is not possible to decide if the millennium ended on December 31,1999, or December 31,2000. The second millennium is perhaps more popularly thought of as beginning and ending a year earlier, thus starting at the beginning of 1000 and finishing at the end of 1999. Many public celebrations for the end of the millennium were held on December 31,1999 – January 1, the civilizations in this section are organized according to the UN geoscheme. The events in this section are organized according to the UN geoscheme, the people in this section are organized according to the UN geoscheme. See also Lists of people by nationality Category, People by century Category, People by nationality and period Gottlieb, Agnes Hooper, Henry Gottlieb, Barbar Bowers,1,000 Years,1,000 People, Ranking the Men and Women Who Shaped the Millennium
2.
19th century
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The 19th century was the century marked by the collapse of the Spanish, Napoleonic, Holy Roman and Mughal empires. After the defeat of the French Empire and its allies in the Napoleonic Wars, the Russian Empire expanded in central and far eastern Asia. By the end of the century, the British Empire controlled a fifth of the worlds land, the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread to continental Europe, North America and Japan. The Victorian era was notorious for the employment of children in factories and mines, as well as strict social norms regarding modesty. Japan embarked on a program of rapid modernization following the Meiji Restoration, before defeating China, under the Qing Dynasty, europes population doubled during the 19th century, from approximately 200 million to more than 400 million. Numerous cities worldwide surpassed populations of a million or more during this century, London became the worlds largest city and capital of the British Empire. Its population increased from 1 million in 1800 to 6.7 million a century later, liberalism became the pre-eminent reform movement in Europe. Slavery was greatly reduced around the world, following a successful slave revolt in Haiti, Britain and France stepped up the battle against the Barbary pirates and succeeded in stopping their enslavement of Europeans. The UKs Slavery Abolition Act charged the British Royal Navy with ending the slave trade. The first colonial empire in the century to abolish slavery was the British, americas 13th Amendment following their Civil War abolished slavery there in 1865, and in Brazil slavery was abolished in 1888. Similarly, serfdom was abolished in Russia, in the 19th century approximately 70 million people left Europe, with most migrating to the United States of America. The 19th century also saw the creation, development and codification of many sports, particularly in Britain. Also, ladywear was a sensitive topic during this time. 1801, Ranjit Singh crowned as King of Punjab,1801, Napoleon signs the Concordat of 1801 with the Pope. 1801, Cairo falls to the British,1801, Assassination of Tsar Paul I of Russia. 1802, Ludwig van Beethoven performs his Moonlight Sonata for the first time,1803, William Symington demonstrates his Charlotte Dundas, the first practical steamboat. 1803, The United States more than doubles in size when it buys out Frances territorial claims in North America via the Louisiana Purchase. This begins the U. S. s westward expansion to the Pacific referred to as its Manifest Destiny which involves annexing and conquering land from Mexico, Britain,1803, The Wahhabis of the First Saudi State capture Mecca and Medina
3.
20th century
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The 20th century was a century that began on January 1,1901 and ended on December 31,2000. It was the tenth and final century of the 2nd millennium and it is distinct from the century known as the 1900s, which began on January 1,1900 and ended on December 31,1999. It saw great advances in communication and medical technology that by the late 1980s allowed for near-instantaneous worldwide computer communication, the term short twentieth century was coined to represent the events from 1914 to 1991. It took all of history up to 1804 for the worlds population to reach 1 billion, world population reached 2 billion estimates in 1927, by late 1999. Globally approximately 45% of those who were married and able to have children used contraception, 40% of pregnancies were unplanned, the century had the first global-scale total wars between world powers across continents and oceans in World War I and World War II. The century saw a shift in the way that many people lived, with changes in politics, ideology, economics, society, culture, science, technology. The 20th century may have seen more technological and scientific progress than all the other centuries combined since the dawn of civilization, terms like ideology, world war, genocide, and nuclear war entered common usage. It was a century that started with horses, simple automobiles, and freighters but ended with high-speed rail, cruise ships, global commercial air travel and the space shuttle. Horses, Western societys basic form of transportation for thousands of years, were replaced by automobiles and buses within a few decades. Humans explored space for the first time, taking their first footsteps on the Moon, mass media, telecommunications, and information technology made the worlds knowledge more widely available. Advancements in medical technology also improved the health of many people, rapid technological advancements, however, also allowed warfare to reach unprecedented levels of destruction. World War II alone killed over 60 million people, while nuclear weapons gave humankind the means to annihilate itself in a short time, however, these same wars resulted in the destruction of the Imperial system. For the first time in history, empires and their wars of expansion and colonization ceased to be a factor in international affairs, resulting in a far more globalized. The last time major powers clashed openly was in 1945, and since then, technological advancements during World War I changed the way war was fought, as new inventions such as tanks, chemical weapons, and aircraft modified tactics and strategy. After more than four years of warfare in western Europe, and 20 million dead. The regime of Tsar Nicholas II was overthrown during the conflict, Russia became the first communist state, at the beginning of the period, Britain was the worlds most powerful nation, having acted as the worlds policeman for the past century. Meanwhile, Japan had rapidly transformed itself into an advanced industrial power. Its military expansion into eastern Asia and the Pacific Ocean culminated in an attack on the United States
4.
21st century
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The 21st century is the current century of the Anno Domini era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It began on January 1,2001 and will end on December 31,2100 and it is the first century of the 3rd millennium. It is distinct from the time known as the 2000s. The long term effects of increased globalization are not known, the Arab Spring of the early 2010s led to mixed outcomes in the Arab world. The Digital Revolution which began around the 1980s also continues into the present, millennials and Generation Z come of age and rise to prominence in this century. The completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 marks the rise of life sciences, making mankinds long-held dreams, such as curing cancer. By the 2010s, gene therapy, first performed somatically in late 1990 and heritably in 1996, showed promise but remains an experimental, by 2013, about 80% of the worlds population used mobile phones. An estimated 33% owned personal computers in 2010, and 46% used the Internet by 2016, the International Energy Agency estimates that 83% of the global population has access to electricity as of 2013 with the percentage projected to increase to 88% by 2030. The world population was about 6.1 billion at the start of the 21st century and it had reached 7.3 billion in 2015, and is estimated to reach about 9.37 billion by the year 2050. There is a debate among experts and the public on how to pronounce specific years of the 21st century in English. A less common variation would have been twenty nought-five, the Vancouver Olympics, which took place in 2010, was being officially referred to by Vancouver 2010 as the twenty-ten Olympics. The latest timeframes for change are usually placed at 2020, kubrick said he did this in the hope that if the film became popular, it would influence the pronunciation of that year. See the timeline of the 21st century, genocide still remains a problem in this century with the concern of the war in Darfur and the growing concern in Sri Lanka. Also controversies from past genocides remain commonplace in the minds of victims, 1998–2002 – The Second Congo War continued into the early 21st century. A1999 ceasefire quickly broke down and a UN peacekeeping mission, Laurent Kabila, president of the DRC, was assassinated in January 2001 and his son, Joseph Kabila, took power. Throughout 2002 steps were made towards peace and Rwanda and Uganda both removed their troops from the country, on December 17,2002, a massive treaty officially ended the war. However, the DRC only holds power in less than half of the country, with most of the eastern and northern portions still controlled by rebel groups, in addition, Rwanda still supports anti-DRC rebels and anti-Rwandan rebels continue to operate from the DRC. The war killed an estimated 3.9 million people, displaced nearly 5.5 million, Severe human rights violations continue to be reported
5.
1930s
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The 1930s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1,1930, and ended on December 31,1939. In response, authoritarian regimes emerged in countries in Europe and South America. The 1930s also saw a proliferation of new technologies, especially in the fields of aviation, radio. Colombia–Peru War – fought between the Republic of Colombia and the Republic of Peru, Chaco War – the war was fought between Bolivia and Paraguay over the disputed territory of Gran Chaco resulting in an overall Paraguayan victory in 1935. An agreement dividing the territory was made in 1938, officially ending outstanding differences, saudi–Yemeni War – was a war between Saudi Arabia and Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen. Second Sino-Japanese War – fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan, the Second Sino-Japanese War was the largest Asian war in the 20th century. It also made up more than 50% of the casualties in the Pacific War, World War II breaks out on September 1,1939 Chinese Civil War - The ruling Kuomintang and the rebel Communist Party of China fight a civil war for control of China. The Communists consolidated territory in the early 1930s and proclaimed a short-lived Chinese Soviet Republic that collapsed upon Kuomintang attacks, the Kuomintang and Communists attempted to put away their differences after 1937 to fight the Japanese occupation of China, but intermittent clashes continued through the remainder of the 1930s. Spanish Civil War – Germany and Italy back anti-communist Falange forces of Francisco Franco, the Soviet Union and international communist parties back the left-wing republican faction in the war. The war ends in April 1939 with Francos nationalist forces defeating the republican forces, Franco becomes Head of State of Spain, President of Government and de facto dictator. The Republic gives way to the Spanish State, an authoritarian dictatorship, Hitler pulls Germany out of the League of Nations, but hosts the 1936 Summer Olympics to show his new reich to the world as well as the supposed superior athleticism of his Aryan troops/athletes. Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, attempts the appeasement of Hitler in hope of avoiding war by allowing the dictator to annex the Sudetenland, later signing the Munich Agreement and promising constituents Peace for our time. He was ousted in favor of Winston Churchill in May 1940, some 267 synagogues were destroyed, and thousands of homes and businesses were ransacked. Kristallnacht also served as the pretext for the confiscation of firearms from German Jews. Germany and Italy pursue territorial expansionist agendas, Germany demands the annexation of the Federal State of Austria and of other German-speaking territories in Europe. Between 1935 and 1936, Germany recovers the Saar and remilitarizes the Rhineland, Germany and Italy improve relations by forming an alliance against communism in 1936 with the signing of the Anti-Comintern Pact. Germany annexes Austria in the event known as the Anschluss, the annexation of the Sudetenland followed negotiations which resulted in the Munich Agreement of 1938. The Italian invasion of Albania in 1939 succeeds in turning the Kingdom of Albania into an Italian protectorate, the vacant Albanian throne was claimed by Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
6.
1940s
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The 1940s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1,1940, and ended on December 31,1949. Most of World War II took place in the first half of the decade, which had an effect on most countries and people in Europe, Asia. The decade also witnessed the beginnings of new technologies, often first developed in tandem with the war effort. World War II Nazi Germany invades Poland, Denmark, Norway, Benelux, Soviet Union invades Poland, Finland, occupies Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania and Romanian region of Bessarabia from 1939 to 1941. Germany faces the United Kingdom in the Battle of Britain and it was the first major campaign to be fought entirely by air forces, and was the largest and most sustained aerial bombing campaign up until that date. The United States enter World War II after the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7,1941 and it would face the Empire of Japan in the Pacific War. Germany and Japan suffer defeats at Stalingrad, El Alamein, the forces of the Western Allies land on the beaches of Normandy in Northern France. Yalta Conference, wartime meeting from 4 February 1945 to 11 February 1945 among the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, by this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims is between 11 million and 17 million people. The German Instrument of Surrender signed, atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Surrender of Japan on August 15. World War II officially ends on September 2,1945, Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 Arab–Israeli conflict 1948 Arab–Israeli War – The war was fought between the newly declared State of Israel and its Arab neighbours. The war commenced upon the termination of the British Mandate of Palestine in mid-May 1948, in its conclusion, Israel managed to defeat the Arab armies. Establishment of the United Nations Charter effective, establishment of the defence alliance NATO April 4,1949. 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, Victory of Chinese Communist Party led by Mao Zedong in the Chinese Civil War. Beginning of Greek Civil War, which extends from 1946 to 1949,1944 – Iceland declares independence from Denmark. 1945 – Indonesia declares independence from the Netherlands,1946 – The French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon dissolves to the independent states of Syria and Lebanon. The French settlers are forced to evacuate the French colony in Syria,1947 – The Partition of the Presidencies and provinces of British India into a secular Union of India and a predominantly Muslim Dominion of Pakistan. 1948 – British rule in Burma ends, the State of Israel is established. 1949 – The Peoples Republic of China is officially proclaimed, the Atanasoff-Berry computer is now considered one of the first electronic digital computing device built by John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry at Iowa State University during 1937–1942
7.
1950s
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The 1950s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1,1950, and ended on December 31,1959. Clashes between communism and capitalism dominated the decade, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, the conflicts included the Korean War in the beginnings of the decade and the beginning of the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1. Along with increased testing of weapons, this created a politically conservative climate. In the United States, the Second Red Scare caused Congressional hearings by both houses in Congress and anti-communism was the sentiment in the United States throughout the decade. The beginning of decolonization in Africa and Asia took place in this decade, when it began, North and South Korea existed as provisional governments competing for control over the Korean peninsula, due to the division of Korea by outside powers. On September 15, General Douglas MacArthur conducted Operation Chromite, a landing at the city of Inchon. The North Korean army collapsed, and within a few days and he then pushed north, capturing Pyongyang in October. Chinese intervention the following month drove UN forces south again, MacArthur then planned for a full-scale invasion of China, but this was against the wishes of President Truman and others who wanted a limited war. He was dismissed and replaced by General Matthew Ridgeway, the war then became a bloody stalemate for the next two and a half years while peace negotiations dragged on. The war left 33,742 American soldiers dead,92,134 wounded, estimates place Korean and Chinese casualties at 1,000, 000–1,400,000 dead or wounded, and 140,000 MIA or POW. The Vietnam War began in 1959, diệm instituted a policy of death penalty against any communist activity in 1956. The Viet Minh began a campaign in early 1957. An article by French scholar Bernard Fall published in July 1958 concluded that a new war had begun, the first official large unit military action was on September 26,1959, when the Viet Cong ambushed two ARVN companies. Arab–Israeli conflict Suez Crisis – The Suez Crisis was a war fought on Egyptian territory in 1956, following the nationalisation of the Suez Canal in 1956 by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the United Kingdom, France and Israel subsequently invaded. The operation was a success, but after the United States and Soviet Union united in opposition to the invasion. The war eventually led to the independence of Algeria from France, cuban Revolution – The 1959 overthrow of Fulgencio Batista by Fidel Castro, Che Guevara and other forces resulted in the creation of the first communist government in the Western hemisphere. The Mau Mau began retaliating against the British in Kenya and this led to concentration camps in Kenya, a British military victory, and the election of moderate nationalist Jomo Kenyatta as leader of Kenya. The wind of destruction began in Rwanda in 1959 following the assault of Hutu politician Dominique Mbonyumutwa by Tutsi forces and this was the beginning of decades of ethnic violence in the country, which culminated in the 1994 Rwandan Genocide
8.
1960s
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The 1960s was a decade that began on January 1,1960, and ended on December 31,1969. The term 1960s also refers to an era more often called the Sixties and this cultural decade is more loosely defined than the actual decade, beginning around 1963 with the Kennedy assassination and ending around 1972 with the Watergate scandal. The decade was also labeled the Swinging Sixties because of the fall or relaxation of social taboos especially relating to racism and sexism that occurred during this time and he charts the rise, success, fall/nightmare and explosion in the London scene of the 1960s. Several Western nations such as the United States, United Kingdom, France, by the end of the 1950s, war-ravaged Europe had largely finished reconstruction and began a tremendous economic boom. World War II had brought about a huge leveling of social classes in which the remnants of the old feudal gentry disappeared, the United States, after sluggish economic growth during the 1950s, also experienced a major 60s boom. Real GDP growth averaged 6% a year during the half of the decade. Thus, the worldwide economic trend in the 1960s was one of prosperity, expansion of the middle class. Kennedys assassination in 1963 was a shock, Liberal reforms were finally passed under Lyndon B. Johnson including civil rights for African Americans and healthcare for the elderly and the poor. Despite his large-scale Great Society programs, Johnson was increasingly reviled by the New Left at home, the heavy-handed American role in the Vietnam War outraged student protestors around the globe. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr, in Britain, the Labour Party gained power in 1964. In France, the protests of 1968 led to President Charles de Gaulle temporarily fleeing the country, for some, May 1968 meant the end of traditional collective action and the beginning of a new era to be dominated mainly by the so-called new social movements. Italy formed its first left-of-center government in March 1962 with a coalition of Christian Democrats, Social Democrats, socialists joined the ruling block in December 1963. In Brazil, João Goulart became president after Jânio Quadros resigned, in Africa the 1960s was a period of radical political change as 32 countries gained independence from their European colonial rulers. The Cold War, The Vietnam War 1961 – Substantial American advisory forces first arrive in Vietnam,1962 – By mid-1962, the number of U. S. military advisers in South Vietnam had risen from 900 to 12,000. The resolution gave U. S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a declaration of war by Congress. The Johnson administration subsequently cited the resolution as legal authority for its rapid escalation of U. S. military involvement in the Vietnam War. 1966 – After 1966 with the draft in more than 500,000 troops were sent to Vietnam by the Johnson administration. Portuguese Colonial War – the war was fought between Portugals military and the emerging nationalist movements in Portugals African colonies and it was a decisive ideological struggle and armed conflict of the cold war in African and European scenarios
9.
1970s
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The 1970s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1,1970, and ended on December 31,1979. In the 21st century, historians have portrayed the 1970s as a pivot of change in world history focusing especially on the economic upheavals. In the Western world, social values that began in the 1960s, such as increasing political awareness and economic liberty of women. In the United Kingdom, the 1979 elections resulted in the victory of its Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher, industrialized countries, except Japan, experienced an economic recession due to an oil crisis caused by oil embargoes by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries. Novelist Tom Wolfe coined the term Me decade in his essay The Me Decade, the term describes a general new attitude of Americans towards atomized individualism and away from communitarianism, in clear contrast with the 1960s. Despite facing an oil crisis due to the OPEC embargo, the economy of Japan witnessed a boom in this period. The United States withdrew its forces from their previous involvement in the Vietnam War. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, which led to a war for ten years. Anwar El Sadat, President of Egypt, was instrumental in the event and consequently became extremely unpopular in the Arab world, Africa saw further decolonization in the decade, with Angola and Mozambique gaining their independence in 1975 from the Portuguese Empire after the restoration of democracy in Portugal. The continent was, however, plagued by military coups, with the long-reigning Emperor of Ethiopia Haile Selassie being removed, civil wars. The economies of much of the world continued to make steady progress in the early 1970s because of the Green Revolution. The following year, Vietnam was officially declared reunited, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Although taking place almost entirely throughout the 1980s, the war officially started on December 27,1979. The Israelis were taken by surprise and suffered losses before they rallied. In the end, they managed to repel the Egyptians and crossed the Suez Canal into Egypt proper, in 1978, Egypt signed a peace treaty with Israel at Camp David in the United States, ending outstanding disputes between the two countries. Sadats actions would lead to his assassination in 1981, Indian emergency Lebanese Civil War - A civil war in the Middle East which at times also involved the PLO and Israel during the early 1980s. Western Sahara War - A regional war pinning the rebel Polisario Front against Morocco, Ugandan–Tanzanian War - the war which was fought between Uganda and Tanzania was based on an expansionist agenda to annex territory from Tanzania. The war resulted in the overthrow of Idi Amins regime, the Ogaden War was another African conflict between Somalia and Ethiopia over control of the Ogaden region. In 1976 peaceful student protests in the Soweto township of South Africa lead to the Soweto Uprising when more than 700 black school children were killed by South Africas Security Police, Rise of separatism in the province of Quebec in Canada
10.
1955
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January 2 – José Antonio Remón Cantera, president of Panama, is assassinated at a race track in Panama City. January 3 – José Ramón Guizado becomes president of Panama, January 7 – Marian Anderson is the first African-American singer to perform at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. January 17 – USS Nautilus, the first nuclear-powered submarine, puts to sea for the first time, from Groton, January 18–January 20 – Battle of Yijiangshan Islands, The Chinese Communist Peoples Liberation Army seizes the islands from the Republic of China. January 22 – In the United States, The Pentagon announces a plan to develop ballistic missiles armed with nuclear weapons. January 23 – Sutton Coldfield rail crash kills 17 near Birmingham, January 25 – Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union announces the end of the war between the USSR and Germany, which began during World War II in 1941. January 28 – United States Congress authorizes President Dwight D. Eisenhower to use force to protect Formosa from the Peoples Republic of China, february 4 – Baghdad Pact, Military treaty signed between Iraq and Turkey. February 9 – Apartheid in South Africa,60,000 non-white residents of the Sophiatown suburb of Johannesburg are forcibly evicted, february 10 – The United States Seventh Fleet helps the Republic of China evacuate Chinese Nationalist army and residents from the Tachen Islands to Taiwan. February 12 – U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends the first U. S. advisors to South Vietnam, february 14 – WFLA-TV signs on the air in Tampa/St. February 16 – Nearly 100 die in a fire at a home for the elderly in Yokohama, february 19 – Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, established at a meeting in Bangkok. February 22 – In Chicagos Democratic primary, Mayor Martin H. Kennelly loses to the head of the Cook County Democratic Party, March – A young Jim Henson builds the first version of Kermit the Frog. March 2 Claudette Colvin, a fifteen-year-old African-American girl, refuses to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama and she is carried off the bus backwards while being kicked and handcuffed and harassed on the way to the police station. She becomes a plaintiff in Browder v. Gayle which rules bus segregation to be unconstitutional, March 5 WBBJ-TV signs on the air in the Jackson, Tennessee, with WDXI as its initial call-letters, to expanded American commercial television in mostly-rural areas. Elvis Presley makes his debut on Louisiana Hayride carried by KSLA-TV Shreveport. It is also the first time that a musical is presented in its entirety on TV almost exactly as it was performed on stage. This program gains the largest viewership of a TV special up to this time, March 19 – KXTV signs on the air in Sacramento, California. March 20 – The movie adaptation of Evan Hunters novel Blackboard Jungle premieres in the United States, teenagers jump from their seats to dance to the song. April 1 – EOKA A starts a terrorist campaign against British rule in the Crown colony of Cyprus, april 5 Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom due to ill-health at the age of 80. Richard J. Daley defeats Robert Merrian to become Mayor of Chicago by a vote of 708,222 to 581,555, april 6 – Anthony Eden becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
11.
1956
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January 1 The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan. Carl Perkins record Blue Suede Shoes is released in the United States, a crowd crush and stampede during a New Years event results in 124 deaths and 77 injuries at the Yahiko Shrine in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. January 3 – In the United States, By popular demand, Peter Pan, Columbia Records first releases Glenn Goulds solo piano recording of Bachs Goldberg Variations. January 8 – Operation Auca, Five U. S, January 16 – Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser vows to reconquer Palestine. January 25–26 – Finnish troops reoccupy Porkkala after Soviet troops vacate its military base, January 26 – The 1956 Winter Olympics open in Cortina dAmpezzo, Italy. February 11 – British spies Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean resurface in the Soviet Union after being missing for 5 years, february 14–26 – 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. February 16 – Only a little more than four months after the release of the 70mm version of Oklahoma, the film version of Rodgers and Hammersteins Carousel, starring Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones, is released in CinemaScope 55. MacRae and Jones had previously starred in Oklahoma, Carousel, intended for showing in 55mm, ends up being shown only in 35mm. February 22 – Elvis Presley enters the United States music charts for the first time, february 23 – Norma Jean Mortenson legally changes her name to Marilyn Monroe. February 24 – Doris Day records her most famous song, Que Sera, Sera, it is from Alfred Hitchcocks The Man Who Knew Too Much, february 25 – Nikita Khrushchev attacks the veneration of Josef Stalin in a speech On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences. March 1 – The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization. March 2 – Morocco declares its independence from France, march 9 The British deport Archbishop Makarios from Cyprus to the Seychelles. Soviet Armed Forces suppresses mass demonstrations in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, on TV it is not shown in prime time, but as an afternoon matinée, in a slightly cut version. It is one of the first such experiments of its kind, olivier is later nominated for an Oscar for his performance. Congressmen sign the Southern Manifesto, a protest against the 1954 Supreme Court ruling that public education. The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 500 for the first time rising 2.40 points, or 0. 48%, march 13 – Elvis Presley releases his first gold album titled Elvis Presley. March 15 – The Broadway musical My Fair Lady opens in New York City, march 19 – At age 48, Dutch boxer Bep van Klaveren contests his last match in Rotterdam. March 20 – Tunisia gains independence from France, march 21 – The 28th Academy Awards ceremony is held
12.
1957
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January 1 The Saarland joins West Germany. An Irish Republican Army attack on the Brookeborough police barracks in Northern Ireland leads to the deaths of Seán South, italian conductor Arturo Toscanini suffers the stroke that leads to his death a little over two weeks later in the United States. January 2 – The San Francisco and Los Angeles stock exchanges merge to form the Pacific Coast Stock Exchange, January 3 – Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch. January 4 – After 69 years the last issue of Colliers Weekly magazine is published in the United States, January 5 – Russell Endean becomes the first batsman to be dismissed for having handled the ball in Test cricket. January 6 – Elvis Presley appears on The Ed Sullivan Show for the 3rd and he is shown only from the waist up, even during the gospel segment, singing Peace In The Valley. Ed Sullivan describes Elvis thus, This is a real decent, weve never had a pleasanter experience on our show with a big name than weve had with you. January 9 – British Prime Minister Anthony Eden resigns, January 10 – Harold Macmillan becomes the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. January 11 – The African Convention is founded in Dakar, January 13 – Wham-O Company produces the first Frisbee. January 14 Kripalu Maharaj is named fifth Jagadguru after giving seven days of speeches before 500 Hindu scholars, American screen actor Humphrey Bogart dies aged 57 in California after a long battle with cancer. January 15 – Release, in Japan, of the film Throne of Blood, January 16 – The Cavern Club opens in Liverpool as a jazz club. January 20 Dwight D. Eisenhower is privately sworn in for a term as President of the United States. Israel withdraws from the Sinai Peninsula, the New York City Mad Bomber, George P. Metesky, is arrested in Waterbury, Connecticut, and charged with planting more than 30 bombs. January 21 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower is publicly sworn in, January 23 – Ku Klux Klan members force truck driver Willie Edwards to jump off a bridge into the Alabama River, he drowns as a result. January 26 – The Ibirapuera Planetarium is inaugurated in the city of São Paulo, february 2 – President Iskander Mirza of Pakistan lays the foundation-stone of the Guddu Barrage across the Indus River near Sukkur. February 4 France prohibits U. N. involvement in Algeria and it is decommissioned on March 3,1980. A coal gas explosion at the giant Bishop coal mine in Bishop, Virginia, february 6 – The Soviet Union announces that Swedish envoy Raoul Wallenberg had died in a Soviet prison possibly of a heart attack on July 17,1947. February 10 – The Confederation of African Football is founded at a meeting in Khartoum, february 15 – Andrei Gromyko becomes foreign minister of the Soviet Union. February 16 The Toddlers Truce, a controversial television closedown between 6.00 p. m. and 7.00 p. m. is abolished in the United Kingdom, ingmar Bergmans film The Seventh Seal opens at cinema in Sweden
13.
1959
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January 1 Cultivars of plants named after this date must be named in a modern language, not in Latin. Cuba, Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance, january 2 CBS Radio discontinues four soap operas, Backstage Wife, Our Gal Sunday, The Road of Life, and This is Nora Drake. The Soviet Union successfully launches the Luna 1 spacecraft from Baikonur Cosmodrome, january 3 The island of Addu in the Maldives declares independence. Alaska is admitted as the 49th U. S. state, january 4 In Cuba, rebel troops led by Che Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos enter the city of Havana. In Léopoldville, at least 49 people are killed during clashes between the police and participants of a meeting of the Abako Party, january 6 Fidel Castro arrives in Havana. The International Maritime Organization is inaugurated, january 7 – The United States recognizes the new Cuban government of Fidel Castro. January 8 – Charles de Gaulle is inaugurated as the first president of the French Fifth Republic, january 10 – The Soviet government recognizes the new Castro government. January 11 – The Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques is founded in Monaco, january 12 The Caves of Nerja are discovered in Spain. Motown Records is founded by Berry Gordy, Jr, january 13 – Cuban communists execute 71 supporters of Fulgencio Batista. January 15 – The Soviet Union conducts its first census after World War II, january 21 – The European Court of Human Rights is established. January 22 – Knox Mine Disaster, Water breaches the River Slope Mine in Port Griffith, Pennsylvania near Pittston, january 25 – Pope John XXIII announces that the Second Vatican Council will be convened in Rome. January 29 – Walt Disney releases his 16th animated film, Sleeping Beauty in Beverly Hills and it is Disneys first animated film to be shown in 70mm and modern 6-track stereophonic sound. Also on the program is Disneys new live-action short subject Grand Canyon, Grand Canyon wins an Oscar for Best Documentary Short. February 1 – A referendum in Switzerland turns down female suffrage, february 2 – Nine ski hikers mysteriously perish in the northern Ural Mountains in the Dyatlov Pass incident and are all found dead a few weeks later. The tragedy is later termed The Day the Music Died, popularized in Don McLeans 1971 song American Pie. American Airlines Flight 320, a Lockheed L-188 Electra from Chicago crashes into the East River on approach to New York Citys LaGuardia Airport, february 6 – At Cape Canaveral, Florida, the first successful test firing of a Titan intercontinental ballistic missile is accomplished. February 9 – Yugoslavia and Spain set trade relations, february 13 – TAT-2, AT&Ts second transatlantic telephone cable goes into operation. February 16 Fidel Castro becomes Premier of Cuba, a blizzard causes a massive power outage in Newfoundland
14.
1960
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January – The state of emergency is lifted in Kenya, officially ending the Mau Mau Uprising. January 1 – Cameroon gains its independence from French-administered U. N. trusteeship, senator John F. Kennedy announces his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination. January 6 – The Associations Law comes into force in Iraq, January 9–11 – Aswan High Dam construction begins in Egypt. January 10 – British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan makes the Wind of Change speech for the first time, January 14 – The Reserve Bank and Commonwealth Bank are created in Australia. January 15 – The first televised anime, Three Tales, debuts on NHK, January 19 – The Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan is signed in Washington, D. C. January 21 – A coal mine collapses at Coalbrook, South Africa, January 22 In France, President Charles de Gaulle fires Jacques Massu, the commander-in-chief of the French troops in Algeria. Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh descend into the Mariana Trench in the bathyscaphe Trieste, reaching the depth of 10,911 meters, January 24 – A major insurrection occurs in Algiers against French colonial policy. January 25 – In Washington, D. C. the National Association of Broadcasters reacts to the scandal by threatening fines for any disc jockeys who accepted money for playing particular records. January 28 – The National Football League announces expansion teams for Dallas to start in the 1960 NFL season, paul for the 1961 NFL season. January 30 – The African National Party is founded in Chad, february 1 – In Greensboro, North Carolina, four black students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University begin a sit-in at a segregated Woolworths lunch counter. Although they are refused service, they are allowed to stay at the counter, the event triggers many similar non-violent protests throughout the Southern United States, and six months later the original four protesters are served lunch at the same counter. February 3 – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Harold Macmillan makes the Wind of Change speech to the South African Parliament in Cape Town, february 5 – The first CERN particle accelerator becomes operational in Geneva, Switzerland. February 9 Joanne Woodward receives the first star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, adolph Coors III, the chairman of the board of the Coors Brewing Company, is kidnapped, and his captors demand a ransom of $500,000. Coors is later murdered, and Joseph Corbett, Jr. is indicted for the crime. February 10 – A conference about the independence of the Belgian Congo begins in Brussels. February 11 The N-class blimp ZPG-3W of the U. S. Navy is destroyed during a storm over Massachusetts, twelve Indian soldiers die in clashes with Red Chinese troops along their small common border. February 13 – France tests its first atomic bomb in the Sahara Desert of Algeria, february 18 – The 1960 Winter Olympics begin at the Squaw Valley Ski Resort, in Placer County, California. February 26 – A New York-bound Alitalia airliner crashes into a cemetery at Shannon, Ireland, shortly after takeoff, killing 34 of the 52 persons on board
15.
1961
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The next such year will be 6009. January 3 United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic, cuba–United States relations are later restored in 2015. At the National Reactor Testing Station near Idaho Falls, atomic reactor SL-1 explodes and it remains the deadliest air disaster to occur in the country. Erwin Schrödinger died January 41961 January 5 Italian sculptor Alfredo Fioravanti marches into the U. S, consulate in Rome, and confesses that he was part of the team that forged the Etruscan terracotta warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Cemal Gürsel forms the new government of Turkey, January 7 – Following a four-day conference in Casablanca, five African chiefs of state announce plans for a NATO-type African organization to ensure common defense. The Charter of Casablanca involves the Casablanca Group, Morocco, the United Arab Republic, Ghana, Guinea, January 8 – In France, a referendum supports Charles de Gaulles policies on independence for Algeria. January 9 – British authorities announce that they have discovered a large Soviet spy ring in London, January 17 President Dwight Eisenhower gives his final State of the Union Address to Congress. In a Farewell Address the same day, he warns of the power of a military–industrial complex. Patrice Lumumba of Republic of Congo is assassinated, January 20 – John F. Kennedy is sworn in as President of the United States. January 24 – A B-52 Stratofortress, with two bombs, crashes near Goldsboro, North Carolina. President John F. Kennedy delivers the first live news conference. In it, he announces that the Soviet Union has freed the two surviving crewmen of a USAF RB-47 reconnaissance plane shot down by Soviet flyers over the Barents Sea July 1,1960, One Hundred and One Dalmatians is released in cinemas. Acting to halt leftist excesses, a composed of two army officers and four civilians takes over El Salvador, ousting another junta that had ruled for three months. Jânio Quadros is elected president of Brazil and he later resigns on August 25. January 26 – President John F. Kennedy appoints Janet G. Travell to be his physician, January 28 – Supercar, the first family sci-fi TV series filmed in Supermarionation debuts on ATV. January 30 – President John F. Kennedy delivers his first State of the Union Address. January 31 – Ham the Chimp, a 37-pound male, is rocketed into space aboard Mercury-Redstone 2, in a test of the Project Mercury capsule, February 1 – The United States tests its first Minuteman I intercontinental ballistic missile. February 3 – China buys grain from Canada for $60 million, February 4 – The Portuguese Colonial War begins in Angola
16.
1958 in architecture
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The year 1958 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. March 27 - Congress House, London, designed by David Aberdeen, april 17 - Opening of the Expo 58 Worlds Fair in Brussels, its most notable features are the Atomium, designed by André Waterkeyn, and the Philips Pavilion, designed by Iannis Xenakis. June 30 - Palácio da Alvorada, Brasília, designed by Oscar Niemeyer, october 14 - Tokyo Tower, Shiba Park, Tokyo, Japan, by Tachū Naitō. October 15 - Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, D. C. designed by Eggers & Higgins from New York, kulttuuritalo, Helsinki, designed by Alvar Aalto. UNESCO headquarters in Paris, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss with Marcel Breuer and Pier Luigi Nervi, provosts House, The Queens College, Oxford, England, designed by Raymond Erith. St. Josephs Church, Le Havre, France, designed by Auguste Perret, wiener Stadthalle indoor arena, Vienna, designed by Roland Rainer. Seagram Building in New York City, designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, torres de Satélite monument in Ciudad Satélite, Mexico, designed by Luis Barragán, Mathias Goeritz and Jesús Reyes Ferreira. American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal – Henry R. Shepley, AIA Gold Medal - John Wellborn Root. Royal Gold Medal - Robert Schofield Morris, february 21 – The Irish Georgian Society, the group for the promotion of Georgian architecture in Ireland, is established by Desmond Guinness. Alvar Aalto is commissioned to design the North Jutland Art Museum in Aalborg, sanctuary of Divine Mercy, Kalisz, Poland is designed, it will not be built until 1977–93
17.
1958 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1958. February -45,000 people in one week watch performances of music by Japanese singers at the first Nichigeki Western Carnival. February 14 – The Iranian government bans rock & roll, claiming that this form of music is against the concepts of Islam and is a health hazard, Iranian doctors warn of the risk of injuries to the hips from the extreme gyrations of rock & roll dances. March 12 Billie Holiday is given a years probation by a Philadelphia court following her arrest, in Hilversum, Netherlands, Dors, mon amour sung by André Claveau wins the third annual Eurovision Song Contest for France. March 24 – Elvis Presley enters the U. S. Army, april 10 - Cleo Laine marries John Dankworth. September 24 – Italian singers Natalino Otto and Flo Sandons scout the young, marvin Gaye begins recording with his first group. Otis Williams & the Distants begin their musical career and they will later join with The Primes and become The Temptations. Phil Spector begins his recording career, dalida receives the Music Hall Bravos along with Yves Montand. RCA introduces its first stereo LPs, the major record labels begin to cease production of 78 rpm records. Kenny Rogers signs his first recording contract with a record label. Fred Foster opens Monument Records in Hendersonville, Tennessee, ernesto Bonino leaves the USA and returns to Italy. Bob Bogle and Don Wilson founds the surf instrumental group The Ventures, the Country Music Association is founded as the first trade association dedicated to a single music genre. – Pat Boone The following songs achieved the highest chart positions in the charts of 1958, All I Have To Do Is Dream – The Everly Brothers Are You Sincere. – Connie Francis Witch Doctor – Dave Seville Yakety Yak – The Coasters You Always Hurt the One You Love – Connie Francis 16 Candles w. m. Luther Dixon & Allyson R. Khent All I Have to Do is Dream w. m. Felice and Boudleaux Bryant Am I That Easy to Forget w. m, carl Belew, W. S. Stevenson & Shelby Singleton Any Way The Wind Blows w. m. William Dunham, Joseph Hooven & Marilyn Hooven Are You Really Mine, Al Hoffman, Dick Manning & Mark Markwell A Big Hunk O Love w. m. Aaron Schroeder & Sid Wyche Bird Dog w. m, felice and Boudleaux Bryant Broken Hearted Melody w. Hal David m. Sherman Edwards A Certain Smile w. Paul Francis Webster m. Jiles Perry Richardson Cmon Everybody w. m, Eddie Cochran & Jerry Capeheart Devoted to You w. m
18.
1958 in rail transport
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This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1958. January Unable to keep his promises to shareholders, Robert Ralph Young suspends dividends on New York Central stock, Last steam locomotive operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen. January 1 – The Chicago and North Western Railway acquires the Litchfield, february 4 – Canadas Kellog Commission releases a report on the use of firemen as part of diesel locomotive crews. This will be the third Transatlantic crossing for #3410, march 13 – Queensland Railways BB18¼ class 4-6-2 No. 1089, completed by Walkers, Maryborough, Queensland, is the last main-line steam locomotive built in Australia, april 26 – Last day of regularly scheduled passenger service on the Maine Central Railroad Mountain Division. It replaced the 1895-built Garfield Park L route and alignment from Des Plaines Avenue, june 25 – The Pennsylvania Railroad discontinues the Afternoon Steeler passenger train between Pittsburgh and Cleveland. July – General Motors Electro-Motive Division introduces the EMD SD24, July 7 – The Hudson and Manhattan Railroad reintroduces women-only cars on the railroads commuter trains in New York City. August 9 – The Moccasin, the longest running named passenger train in Canada thus far, is discontinued, september – On the Drachenfels Railway, Königswinter, Germany, a rack railway train derails, killing 17. September 15 – A Central Railroad of New Jersey commuter train plunges off the Newark Bay Bridge while raised for water traffic, october – After building only 59 examples of the type, Fairbanks-Morse and Canadian Locomotive Company discontinue construction of the H-24-66 model Train Master diesel locomotive. The GNR assets are split between the two state companies, november 1 – The Strasburg Rail Road is purchased by a non-profit group. December 31 – The Harcourt Street railway line between Dublin and Bray, Ireland, closes, South African Railways takes delivery of its last steam locomotives for the 3 ft 6 in gauge, GMAM class Garratts. Last Garratt steam locomotive to be built in Manchester by Beyer, Peacock, SNCF electrifies its Paris–Lille line in France. Ernest S. Marsh succeeds Fred Gurley as president of the Atchison, Topeka, January 25 – Robert Ralph Young, financier and controlling stockholder of the New York Central commits suicide after suspending company dividends, Significant dates in Canadian railway history. Retrieved July 22,2005 and August 9,2005
19.
Early history of video games
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The history of video games spans a period of time between the invention of the first electronic games and today, covering a long period of invention and changes. Video gaming would not reach popularity until the 1970s and 1980s. Since then, video gaming has become a form of entertainment. Initially created as technology demonstrations, such as the Bertie the Brain and Nimrod computers in 1950 and 1951, a series of games, generally simulating real-world board games, were created at various research institutions to explore programming, human–computer interaction, and computer algorithms. These include OXO and Christopher Stracheys draughts program in 1952, the first software-based games to incorporate a CRT display, possibly the first video game created simply for entertainment was 1958s Tennis for Two, featuring moving graphics on an oscilloscope. Throughout the rest of the 1960s, digital computer games were created by increasingly numerous programmers, the term video game has evolved over the decades from a purely technical definition to a general concept defining a new class of interactive entertainment. Technically, for a product to be a game, there must be a video signal transmitted to a cathode ray tube that creates a rasterized image on a screen. From a technical standpoint, these would more properly be called games or computer games. Today, however, the video game has completely shed its purely technical definition. The ancestors to these include the cathode-ray tube amusement device. The player simulates an artillery shell trajectory on a CRT screen connected to an oscilloscope, with a set of knobs, the device uses purely analog electronics and does not use any digital computer or memory device or execute a program. It was patented by Thomas T. Goldsmith, Jr. and this, along with the lack of electronic logic circuits, keeps the device from being considered the first video game. Turing tested the code in a game in 1952 where he mimicked the operation of the code in a chess game against an opponent. The first publicly demonstrated electronic game was created in 1950, Bertie the Brain was an arcade game of tic-tac-toe, built by Josef Kates for the 1950 Canadian National Exhibition. To showcase his new miniature vacuum tube, the tube, he designed a specialized computer to use it. The game was a success at the exhibition, with attendees lining up to play it as Kates adjusted the difficulty up. After the exhibition, Bertie was dismantled, and largely forgotten as a novelty, Kates has said that he was working on so many projects at the same time that he had no energy to spare for preserving it, despite its significance. Using a panel of lights for its display, it was designed exclusively to play the game of Nim, Nimrod could play either the traditional or reverse form of the game
20.
1958 in Canada
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Events from the year 1958 in Canada. Head of state – Queen Elizabeth II Governor general – Vincent Massey Prime minister – John Diefenbaker Lieutenant Governor of Alberta – John J. A. C. March 25 – The Avro Arrow flies for the first time March 31 – John Diefenbaker leads the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada to an election victory. June 17 – The Second Narrows Bridge in Vancouver collapses killing 18, October 22 – Canada appoints, Margaret Meagher, the countrys first female ambassador, to Israel. October 23 – The third Springhill Mining Disaster occurs killing 74, ellen Fairclough becomes Canadas first federal female cabinet minister. Department of Physical Education started at the University of Saskatchewan July 16 – The Manitoba Theatre Centre opens, grey Cup – Winnipeg Blue Bombers win 35–28 over the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. Stanley Cup – Montreal Canadiens win 4–2 over the Boston Bruins, NASCAR Grand National Series – American race car driver Lee Petty wins the 1958 Jim Mideon 500. Service, poet and writer October 2 – Charles Avery Dunning, politician, Minister and university chancellor November 10 – Billy Boucher, ice hockey player
21.
1958 in the People's Republic of China
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Events in the year 1958 in the Peoples Republic of China. May 23 – Chairman Mao Zedong started his Great Leap Forward movement in the Peoples Republic of China, august 23 – Chinese Civil War, The Second Taiwan Strait crisis begins with the Peoples Liberation Armys bombardment of Quemoy. March 9 – Cheng Yanqiu, Chinese opera singer 1958 in Chinese film
22.
1958 in France
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Events from the year 1958 in France. 1 January - Carrefour group set up,13 May - Crisis caused by putsch attempt in Algiers involving French officers. 1 June - Charles de Gaulle is brought out of retirement to lead France by decree for six months,4 June - Charles de Gaulle visits Algeria. 28 September - A majority of 79% says yes to the constitution of the French Fifth Republic,2 October - Guinea declares itself independent from France. 3 November - New UNESCO building inaugurated in Paris,23 November - Legislative Election held. 25 November - French Sudan gains autonomy as a member of the French Community. 28 November - Chad, the Republic of the Congo,30 November - Legislative Election held, to elect the first National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. 1 December - Central African Republic becomes independent from France,21 December - Presidential Election won by Charles de Gaulle. Yves Klein releases his work IKB74,26 June - Tour de France begins. 19 July - Tour de France ends, won by Charly Gaul of Luxembourg
23.
1958 in Ireland
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Events from the year 1958 in Ireland. He had played nearly 100 times for United in the space of three years, scoring 52 goals and winning two league titles,18 March – Taoiseach Éamon de Valera says he would be willing to have talks with the government of Northern Ireland on wider economic co-operation. 20 March – work begins on the £80,000 restoration of the State rooms at Dublin Castle,10 May – the Independent TD, Jack Murphy, resigns in protest at the indifference of the main political parties to the plight of the unemployed. 12 May – Ardmore Studios opened by Seán Lemass,22 May – the Minister for Education, Jack Lynch, tells the Dáil that the ruling requiring women teachers to retire on marriage is to be revoked. 25 July – £100 damages are awarded to a nine-year-old who was beaten by his teacher in a national school,28 July – the Carlisle Monument, an eight-foot bronze statue in the Phoenix Park, is blown up in the early hours. 6 August – Australian athlete Herb Elliott shatters the world record for the mile at Santry Stadium,8 August – the US Embassy in Merrion Square displays plans for a new embassy in Dublin. 8 September – Pan Ams Boeing 707 becomes the first jetliner to touch down on European soil at Shannon Airport,1 October – assets and management of the Great Northern Railway are divided between Córas Iompair Éireann and the Ulster Transport Authority. 29 October – the Government announces that the ending of the proportional representation method of voting is to be put to the people in a referendum,4 November – in the Vatican, Taoiseach Éamon de Valera attends the four-hour coronation of Pope John XXIII. 31 December – the Harcourt Street railway line, serving Ranelagh, Milltown, Dundrum, Stillorgan, Foxrock, Carrickmines, Shankill and Bray, samuel Becketts monologue Krapps Last Tape is first performed by Patrick Magee at the Royal Court Theatre, London. Becketts novel The Unnamable published in English, brendan Behans one-act Irish language play An Giall is first performed at the Damer Theatre in Dublin. The English adaptation, The Hostage, is first performed by Joan Littlewoods Theatre Workshop at the Theatre Royal Stratford East, Behans autobiographical Borstal Boy published in London. On 12 November it is banned in Ireland by the Censorship of Publications Board, desmond Guinness establishes the Irish Georgian Society for the promotion of Georgian architecture. Thomas Kinsellas poetry Another September published in Dublin, Patrick MacDonoghs poetry One Landscape Still published. John Montagues poetry Forms of Exile published, the Oxford Book of Irish Verse, XVIIth century-XXth century, edited by Donagh MacDonagh and Lennox Robinson, is published. S
24.
1958 in Israel
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Events in the year 1958 in Israel. The 8th Government is approved that day and the members were sworn in,29 January – Haim Laskov is appointed as the fifth Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces. 12 February – Israels Knesset passes the Basic Knesset Law,8 April – The founding of the moshav Aviezer. 22 April - Jordanian soldiers shot and killed two Israeli fishermen near Aqaba,19 August – The first International Bible Contest is held - in the International Convention Center in Jerusalem. 17 November - Syrian militants killed the wife of the British air attaché in Israel,5 April - Armed Palestinian Arab militants lying in an ambush shot and killed two Israeli civilians near Tel Lakhish. 26 May - Armed Palestinian Arab militants killed four Israeli police officers at Mount Scopus,3 December - Armed Palestinian Arab militants killed a shepherd at Kibbutz Gonen. The construction of the Negev Nuclear Research Center begins with French assistance, the founding of the moshav Givat Yeshayahu. The founding of the kibbutz Adamit,6 January – Shlomo Glickstein, former Israeli tennis player. 5 May – Ron Arad, Israeli soldier classified as missing in action after being captured in Lebanon in 1986,29 May - Juliano Mer-Khamis, Israeli actor, filmmaker and political activist of Jewish and Arab origin. 8 July – Tzipi Livni, Israeli politician, the Israeli Opposition Leader between 2009 and 2012, former leader of the Kadima party,4 August – Silvan Shalom, Israeli politician. 27 November – Anat Atzmon, Israeli actress and singer,18 May – Jacob Fichman, Romanian-born Israeli poet and essayist. 13 June – Siegfried Lehman, German-born Israeli educator,27 October – Joseph Klausner, Russian -born Israeli Jewish historian and professor of Hebrew Literature. 1958 in Israeli music 1958 in Israeli sport
25.
1958 in Japan
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Events in the year 1958 in Japan. May 2 - Nagasaki Flag incident - Ultra-nationalists pull down a Chinese flag hanging outside an exhibition of stamps in Nagasaki. May 22 - General election of 1958 - The Liberal Democratic Party win 298 out of 467 seats, august 2 - An All Nippon Airways Douglas DC-3 plunges in the sea close to the Izu Islands, killing all 33 occupants of the aircraft. September 27 - Typhoon Ida kills at least 1,269 in Honshu, october 14 - Construction of Tokyo Tower is completed. December 27 - National Health Care Act of 1958
26.
1958 in Mexico
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Events in the year 1958 in Mexico. President, Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, Adolfo López Mateos Diego Rivera donates Frida Kahlos childhood home, the Aurrerá grocery chain starts operating. Hotel chain Camino Real Hotels is founded, july 6, Mexican general election,1958. List of Mexican films of 1958 1957–58 Mexican Primera División season, leones de Yucatán win the Mexican League. Salamanca F. C. and Alacranes de Durango are founded
27.
1958 in Norway
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Events in the year 1958 in Norway. Monarch - Olav V Prime Minister - Einar Gerhardsen 8 January - Fire breaks out in the coastal steamer MS Erling Jarl while it is docked in Bodø,22 June - Olav V is crowned as ruler of Norway in the Nidaros Cathedral. Harald Sverdrup, poet and childrens writer, is awarded the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature for his poetry, astrid Tollefsen, poet, is awarded the Gyldendals Endowment literature prize. 4 February - Kjell Ola Dahl, writer 25 February - Eugene Ejike Obiora, died during police arrest 19 June - Siri Bjerke, politician 28 July - Peter M
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