1.
Bowl game
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In North America, a bowl game is one of a number of post-season college football games that are primarily played by teams belonging to the NCAAs Division I Football Bowl Subdivision. Prior to 2002, bowl game statistics were not included in career totals. The term bowl originated from the Rose Bowl stadium, site of the first post-season college football games, the Rose Bowl Stadium, in turn, takes its name and bowl-shaped design from the Yale Bowl, the prototype of many football stadiums in the United States. The term has become almost synonymous with any major American football event. In professional football, the names of the National Football League s Super Bowl, the use of the term has crossed over into professional and collegiate Canadian football. A notable example is the annual Banjo Bowl between the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League, U Sports plays two semi-final bowl games before the Vanier Cup national championship game, the Uteck Bowl and the Mitchell Bowl. The matchups are determined on a rotation basis, with the Uteck Bowl being played at the easternmost host team. The history of the game began with the 1902 Tournament East-West football game. The Tournament of Roses eventually sponsored an annual contest starting with the 1916 Tournament East-West Football Game, with the 1923 Rose Bowl it began to be played at the newly completed Rose Bowl stadium, and thus the contest itself became known as the Rose Bowl game. The name bowl to describe the games comes from the Rose Bowl stadium. Other cities saw the value for tourism that the Tournament of Roses parade and Rose Bowl carried. The label bowl was attached to the name, even though the games were not always played in bowl-shaped stadiums. The historic timing of bowl games, around the new year, is the result of two factors—warm climate and ease of travel. The original bowls began in warm climates such as Southern California, Louisiana, Florida and Texas as a way to promote the area for tourism and business. Since commercial air travel was either non-existent or very limited, the games were scheduled well after the end of the season to allow fans to travel to the game site. As the number of games has increased, the number of games a team would need to win to be invited to a bowl game has decreased. With a 12-game schedule, a number of teams with only 5 wins have been invited to a bowl game, as of the completion of the 2016 season, the University of Alabama has played in more bowl games than any other school, with 64 appearances. Alabama also holds the record for most bowl victories with 37, the Florida State Seminoles have the longest active streak of consecutive bowl appearances with 35
2.
Heisman Trophy
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The Heisman Memorial Trophy, is awarded annually to the most outstanding player in college football in the United States whose performance best exhibits the pursuit of excellence with integrity. Winners epitomize great ability combined with diligence, perseverance, and hard work and it is presented by the Heisman Trophy Trust in early December before the postseason bowl games. The award was created by the Downtown Athletic Club in 1935 to recognize the most valuable football player east of the Mississippi. After the death in October 1936 of the Clubs athletic director, John Heisman, Heisman had been active in college athletics as a football player, a head football, basketball, and baseball coach, and an athletic director. It is the oldest of several awards in college football, including the Maxwell Award, Walter Camp Award. The most recent winner of the Heisman Trophy is University of Louisville quarterback Lamar Jackson, the trophy itself, designed by sculptor Frank Eliscu, is modeled after Ed Smith, a leading player in 1934 for the now-defunct New York University football team. The trophy is made out of cast bronze, is 13.5 inches tall, Eliscu had asked Smith, his former George Washington High School classmate, to pose for a commissioned sculpture of a football player. Smith did not realize until 1982 that the sculpture had become the Heisman Trophy, the Downtown Athletic Club presented Smith with a Heisman Trophy of his own in 1985. From its inception in 1935, the statue was cast by Dieges & Clust in New York until 1980, for a time until at least 2008, the statues were cast by Roman Bronze Works in New York. There are 870 media voters,145 voters from each of six regions, according to Heisman. com there are currently 57 prior winners eligible to vote and, thus,57 potential votes. Fans, As the Premier Partner of the Heisman Trophy, Nissan has a vote, fan voting done through a survey collected by ESPN on NissanHeismanHouse. com. Each voter identifies three selections, ranking them in order, each first-place selection is awarded three points. Each second-place selection is awarded two points, each third-place selection is awarded one point. Voters must make three selections and cannot duplicate a selection, else the ballot is invalid and none of the selections count, the accounting firm Deloitte is responsible for the tabulation of votes, which has moved almost exclusively to online voting since 2007. Larry Kelley and Clint Frank of Yale were the first teammates to win the Heisman Trophy, nile Kinnick of Iowa was the only Heisman Trophy winner to have a stadium named after him. In 1972, the University of Iowa renamed its football complex Kinnick Stadium, Kinnick is also the only winner to die in military service of the United States, he went down piloting an F4F Wildcat from the deck of USS Lexington. His death in 1943 made him the first Heisman Trophy winner to die, Doc Blanchard was the first junior to win the Heisman Trophy when he led Army to the national title in 1945. Paul Hornung was the player to win the Heisman Trophy as a player for a losing team
3.
1973 NCAA Division I football season
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The 1973 NCAA Division I football season was the first for the NCAAs current three-division structure. Effective with the 1973–74 academic year, schools formerly in the NCAA University Division were classified as Division I, schools in the former College Division were classified into Division II, which allowed fewer athletic scholarships than Division I, and Division III, in which athletic scholarships were prohibited. In its inaugural season, Division I had two NCAA-recognized national champions, and they faced each other at years end in the Sugar Bowl on New Years Eve. The New Orleans game matched two teams, the Alabama Crimson Tide, ranked #1 by AP and UPI. While both wire services ranked Alabama #1 at the end of the season, the final AP poll was after the bowl games. By agreement with the American Football Coaches Association, however, UPI bestowed its championship before the bowl games. One coach had given the Irish a first place vote, compared to 21 for Alabama, in a game where the lead changed six times, Notre Dame won by a single point, 24–23, to claim the AP national championship. During the 20th century, the NCAA had no playoff for major football teams that would become Division I-A in 1978. The NCAA Football Guide, however, did note an unofficial national champion based on the top ranked teams in the wire service polls, the writers poll by Associated Press was the most popular, followed by the coaches poll by United Press International). In 1973, the UPI issued its final poll before the bowls, the AP poll in 1973 consisted of the votes of as many as 63 sportswriters and broadcasters, though not all of them voted in every poll. UPIs voting was made by 34 coaches and those who cast votes would give their opinion of the ten best teams. Under a point system of 20 points for first place,19 for second, in the preseason poll released on September 3, the defending champion USC Trojans were ranked first by 55 of the 63 voters, followed by Ohio State, Texas, Nebraska and Michigan. On September 8, #4 Nebraska beat #10 UCLA 40–13, most teams had not yet opened the season. The poll was,1. USC2. Nebraska 3. Ohio State 4. Texas 5. Michigan September 15, #1 USC beat Arkansas 17-0 and #2 Nebraska, #3 Ohio State beat Minnesota 56-7 and #5 Michigan had beat Iowa 31-7. #6 Alabama, which beaten California 66–0 in Birmingham, rose to fourth, barry Switzer won his first game as Oklahoma head coach in a 42-14 rout of Baylor. The poll was,1. USC2. Nebraska 3. Ohio State 4. Alabama 5. Michigan, on September 22, #1 USC beat Georgia Tech at Atlanta 23-6, #2 Nebraska beat #14 N. C. State 31–14, and #3 Ohio State was idle, #4 Alabama won at Kentucky, 28–14. The next poll was,1. USC2. Nebraska 3. Ohio State 4, Michigan 5. Alabama September 29, #1 USC was tied by #8 Oklahoma, 7–7
4.
University of Southern California
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The University of Southern California is a private research university founded in 1880 with its main campus in Los Angeles, California. As Californias oldest private university, USC has historically educated a large number of the regions business leaders. In recent decades, the university has also leveraged its location in Los Angeles to establish relationships with research and cultural institutions throughout Asia, an engine for economic activity, USC contributes $8 billion annually to the economy of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and California. For the 2014–15 academic year, there were 18,740 students enrolled in undergraduate programs. USC also has 23,729 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs, including business, law, engineering, social work, and medicine. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the world, consistently ranking among the top 3 in external contributions, multiple academic rankings list the University of Southern California as being among the top 25 universities in the United States. With an acceptance rate of 16 percent, USC is also among the most selective academic institutions in the nation. USC maintains a tradition of innovation and entrepreneurship, with alumni having founded companies such as Lucasfilm, Myspace, Salesforce. com, Intuit, Qualcomm, Box, Tinder. As of 2014, the university has produced the fourth largest number of billionaire alumni out of all institutions in the world. USC is home to the world’s most powerful computer, which is presently housed in a super-cooled. The only other commercially available quantum computing system is operated jointly by NASA, USC was also one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System. Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing, dynamic programming, image compression, VoIP, USC sponsors a variety of intercollegiate sports and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association as a member of the Pac-12 Conference. Members of the teams, the Trojans, have won 102 NCAA team championships, ranking them third in the nation. Trojan athletes have won 288 medals at the Olympic games, more than any university in the United States. If USC were a country, its athletes would have received the 12th-most Olympic gold medals in history. In 1969, it joined the Association of American Universities, the University of Southern California was founded following the efforts of Judge Robert M. Hellman. The three donated 308 lots of land to establish the campus and provided the seed money for the construction of the first buildings. Originally operated in affiliation with the Methodist Church, the school mandated from the start that no student would be denied admission because of race, the university is no longer affiliated with any church, having severed formal ties in 1952
5.
John McKay (American football)
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John Harvey McKay was an American football coach. He was the coach at the University of Southern California from 1960 to 1975. In 16 seasons at USC, McKay compiled a record of 127–40–8 and his teams made eight appearances in the Rose Bowl, with five wins. Four of his squads captured national titles, Following a disappointing 1975 season, McKay moved to the NFL as the first head coach of the expansion Tampa Bay Buccaneers. In 1976 and 1977, Tampa Bay lost the first 26 games, the Bucs made the playoffs three times under McKay, including an appearance in the NFC Championship Game in 1979. McKay was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1988, on January 1,2014, McKay was named the All-Century Coach of the Rose Bowl Game during the celebration of the 100th Rose Bowl Game. His son represented him in the 2014 Rose Parade, McKay was born in West Virginia in the now-defunct town of Everettville in Monongalia County, where he was raised as a Roman Catholic. He was the third of five born to Scots-Irish parents John. His father was a mine superintendent who died when John was 13 years old. He grew up in Shinnston, and graduated from Shinnston High School in 1941, offered a football scholarship to Wake Forest, McKay was on campus enrolling when his widowed mother became ill. He returned home to West Virginia and worked as an assistant in a coal mine for a year. McKay served as a tailgunner aboard B-29s and saw action in the Pacific Theatre during World War II, after the war, he entered college at Purdue University in 1946 at the age of 23, then transferred to the University of Oregon in 1947. He played football at both schools, at Purdue, he was a halfback, alongside Bob DeMoss and Ed Cody. He split time with Ed Ehlers and his head coach was former NFL Champion Quarterback, Cecil Isbell. At Oregon, he was a halfback for the Ducks, alongside quarterback Norm Van Brocklin, the Ducks went 9-1 in the regular season in 1948, and were 7-0 in the Pacific Coast, co-champions with California. Because the two teams did not meet during the season, the bid to the 1949 Rose Bowl was decided by the university presidents, breaking with tradition, the PCC allowed the co-champions to also play in a bowl game. The Ducks accepted an invitation to the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, when Van Brocklin graduated and moved on to the NFL in 1949, McKay took over the Duck offense and called the audibles from his two-point stance as a running back. Without the future hall of famer, the Ducks slipped to 4-6, without McKay on the field in 1950, Oregon was 1-9 and winless in conference, including shutouts by UCLA and lowly Idaho
6.
College football
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It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States. No minor league farm organizations exist in American football and it is in college football where a players performance directly impacts his chances of playing professional football. The best collegiate players will declare for the professional draft after 3 to 4 years of collegiate competition. Those not selected can still attempt to land an NFL roster spot as a free agent. Even after the emergence of the professional National Football League, college football remained extremely popular throughout the U. S, in many cases, college stadiums employ bench-style seating, as opposed to individual seats with backs and arm rests. This allows them to more fans in a given amount of space than the typical professional stadium. College athletes, unlike players in the NFL, are not permitted by the NCAA to be paid salaries, colleges are only allowed to provide non-monetary compensation such as athletic scholarships that provide for tuition, housing, and books. Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as football, by the 1840s, students at Rugby School were playing a game in which players were able to pick up the ball and run with it, a sport later known as Rugby football. The game was taken to Canada by British soldiers stationed there and was soon being played at Canadian colleges, the first documented gridiron football match was a game played at University College, a college of the University of Toronto, November 9,1861. One of the participants in the game involving University of Toronto students was William Mulock, a football club was formed at the university soon afterward, although its rules of play at this stage are unclear. In 1864, at Trinity College, also a college of the University of Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, modern Canadian football is widely regarded as having originated with a game played in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, early games appear to have had much in common with the traditional mob football played in England. The games remained largely unorganized until the 19th century, when games of football began to be played on college campuses. Each school played its own variety of football, Princeton University students played a game called ballown as early as 1820. A Harvard tradition known as Bloody Monday began in 1827, which consisted of a mass ballgame between the freshman and sophomore classes, in 1860, both the town police and the college authorities agreed the Bloody Monday had to go. The Harvard students responded by going into mourning for a figure called Football Fightum. The authorities held firm and it was a dozen years before football was again played at Harvard. Dartmouth played its own version called Old division football, the rules of which were first published in 1871, all of these games, and others, shared certain commonalities
7.
Associated Press
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The Associated Press is an American multinational nonprofit news agency headquartered in New York City that operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. The AP is owned by its contributing newspapers and radio and television stations in the United States, all of which stories to the AP. Most of the AP staff are members and are represented by the Newspaper Guild, which operates under the Communications Workers of America. As of 2007, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,700 newspapers, in addition to more than 5,000 television, the photograph library of the AP consists of over 10 million images. The AP operates 243 news bureaus in 120 countries and it also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides newscasts twice hourly for broadcast and satellite radio and television stations. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, as part of their cooperative agreement with the AP, most member news organizations grant automatic permission for the AP to distribute their local news reports. The AP employs the inverted pyramid formula for writing that enables the news outlets to edit a story to fit its available publication area without losing the storys essentials. Cutbacks at rival United Press International in 1993 left the AP as the United States primary news service, although UPI still produces and distributes stories and photos daily. Other English-language news services, such as the BBC, Reuters, some historians believe that the Tribune joined at this time, documents show it was a member in 1849. The New York Times became a member shortly after its founding in September 1851, initially known as the New York Associated Press, the organization faced competition from the Western Associated Press, which criticized its monopolistic news gathering and price setting practices. The revelations led to the demise of the NYAP and in December 1892, when the AP was founded, news became a salable commodity. The invention of the press allowed the New York Tribune in the 1870s to print 18,000 papers per hour. During the Civil War and Spanish–American War, there was a new incentive to print vivid, Melville Stone, who had founded the Chicago Daily News in 1875, served as AP General Manager from 1893 to 1921. He embraced the standards of accuracy, impartiality, and integrity, the cooperative grew rapidly under the leadership of Kent Cooper, who built up bureau staff in South America, Europe and, the Middle East. He introduced the telegraph typewriter or teletypewriter into newsrooms in 1914, in 1935, AP launched the Wirephoto network, which allowed transmission of news photographs over leased private telephone lines on the day they were taken. This gave AP a major advantage over other media outlets. While the first network was only between New York, Chicago, and San Francisco, eventually AP had its network across the whole United States, in 1945, the Supreme Court of the United States held in Associated Press v. The decision facilitated the growth of its main rival United Press International, AP entered the broadcast field in 1941 when it began distributing news to radio stations, it created its own radio network in 1974
8.
United Press International
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At its peak, it had more than 6,000 media subscribers. It was headed by Hugh Baillie from 1935 to 1955, at the time of his retirement, UP had 2,900 clients in the United States, and 1,500 abroad. In 1958 it became United Press International after absorbing the International News Service, at its peak, UPI had more than 2,000 full-time employees, and 200 news bureaus in 92 countries, it had more than 6,000 media subscribers. With the rising popularity of news, the business of UPI began to decline as the circulation of afternoon newspapers, its chief client category. Its decline accelerated after the 1982 sale of UPI by the Scripps company, the E. W. Scripps Company controlled United Press until its absorption of William Randolph Hearsts smaller competing agency, INS, in 1958 to form UPI. With the Hearst Corporation as a minority partner, UPI continued under Scripps management until 1982, since its sale in 1982, UPI has changed ownership several times and was twice in Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization. With each change in ownership came deeper service and staff cutbacks and changes of focus, since the 1999 sale of its broadcast client list to its one-time major rival, the AP, UPI has concentrated on smaller information market niches. It no longer services media organizations in a major way, in 2000, UPI was purchased by News World Communications, an international news media company founded in 1976 by Unification Church leader Sun Myung Moon. It now maintains a website and photo service and electronically publishes several information product packages. It also sells a premium service, which has deeper coverage and analysis of emerging threats, the security industry, UPIs content is presented in text, video and photo formats, in the English, Spanish and Arabic languages. UPIs main office is in the Miami metropolitan area and it maintains office locations in five countries and uses freelance journalists in other major cities. Beginning with the Cleveland Press, publisher E. W. Scripps created the first chain of newspapers in the United States, Scripps also hoped to make a profit from selling that news to papers owned by others. At that time and until World War II, most newspapers relied on news agencies for stories outside their geographic areas. Despite strong newspaper industry opposition, UP started to sell news to the new and competitive radio medium in 1935, years before competitor AP, controlled by the newspaper industry, Scripps United Press was considered a scrappy alternative news source to the AP. UP reporters were called Unipressers and were noted for their aggressive and competitive streak. UP became a training ground for generations of journalists. Walter Cronkite, who started with United Press in Kansas City, gained fame for his coverage of World War II in Europe and that was part of the spirit. But we knew we could do a good job despite that
9.
Freshman
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A student or pupil is a learner or someone who attends an educational institution. In Britain those attending university are termed students, in the United States, and more recently also in Britain, the term student is applied to both categories. In its widest use, student is used for anyone who is learning, including mid-career adults who are taking vocational education or returning to university. When speaking about learning outside an institution, student is used to refer to someone who is learning a topic or who is a student of a certain topic or person. In Nigeria, education is classified into four system known as 6-3-3-4 system of education and it implies six years in primary school, three years in junior secondary, three years in senior secondary and four years in the university. However, the number of years to be spent in university is determined by the course of study. Some courses have longer study length than others and those in primary school are often referred to as pupils. Those in university as well as those in school are being referred to as students. Six years of school education in Singapore is compulsory. International Schools are subject to overseas curriculums, such as the British, Primary education is compulsory in Bangladesh. Its a near crime to not to children to primary school when they are of age. But it is not a punishable crime, because of the socio-economic state of Bangladesh, child labour is sometimes legal. But the guardian must ensure the primary education, everyone who is learning in any institute or even online may be called student in Bangladesh. Sometimes students taking undergraduate education is called undergraduates and students taking post-graduate education may be called post-graduates, Education System Of Bangladesh, Education is free in Brunei. Darussalam not limited to government educational institutions but also private educational institutions, there are mainly two types of educational institutions, government or public, and private institutions. Several stages have to be undergone by the prospective students leading to higher qualifications, Primary School Secondary School High School Colleges University Level It takes six and five years to complete the primary and secondary levels respectively. Upon completing these two stages, students/pupils have freedom to progress to sixth-form centers, colleges or probably straight to employment. Students are permitted to progress towards university level programs in both government and private university colleges, Education in Cambodia is free for all the students who study in Primary School, Secondary School or High School
10.
NCAA Division I
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Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football
11.
NCAA Division II
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Division II is an intermediate-level division of competition in the National Collegiate Athletic Association. It offers an alternative to both the larger and better-funded Division I and to the scholarship-free environment offered in Division III, before 1973, the NCAAs smaller schools were grouped together in the College Division. In 1973, the College Division split in two when the NCAA began using numeric designations for its competitions, nationally, ESPN televises the championship game in football, CBS televises the mens basketball championship, and ESPN2 televises the womens basketball championship. CBS Sports Network broadcasts six football games on Thursdays during the regular season, the official slogan of NCAA Division II, implemented in 2015, is Make It Yours. There are currently 300 full and 20 provisional members of Division II with seven institutions moving to full membership in September 2015, Division II schools tend to be smaller public universities and many private institutions. A large minority of Division II institutions have fewer than 2,499 students, only six institutions have more than 15,000 students. Division II has a membership, with two active member institutions in Alaska and four in Hawaii. Additionally, it is the division that has member institutions in Puerto Rico. Simon Fraser University became the first institution outside the US to enter the NCAA membership process and this occurred after the Division II Membership Committee accepted the institutions application during a July 7–9 meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana. Simon Fraser, located in the Vancouver suburb of Burnaby, British Columbia, prospective members also must complete at least one year of provisional status before being accepted as full-time Division II members. In the fall of 2012, the NCAA Presidents Council officially approved Simon Fraser University as the organizations first international member. Division II institutions have to sponsor at least five sports for men and five for women, for sports other than football and basketball there are no scheduling requirements. There are not attendance requirements for football, nor arena size requirements for basketball, there are maximum financial aid awards for each sport, as well as a separate limit on financial aid awards in mens sports, that a Division II school must not exceed. Division II teams usually feature a number of local or in-state student-athletes, many Division II student-athletes pay for school through a combination of scholarship money, grants, student loans and employment earnings. Division II athletics programs are financed in the institutions budget like other departments on campus. Traditional rivalries with regional institutions dominate schedules of many Division II athletics programs, Athletic scholarships are offered in most sponsored sports at most institutions, but with more stringent limits as to the numbers offered in any one sport than at the Division I level. For example, Division II schools may give financial aid in football equivalent to 36 full scholarships, two exceptions to this rule currently exist. First, football players transferring from a Division I FBS school to a Division I FCS school do not have to sit out a year
12.
NCAA Division III
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Sports Division III is a division of the National Collegiate Athletic Association of the United States. The division consists of colleges and universities that choose not to offer athletically related financial aid to their student-athletes, as explained in more detail in the article about NCAA Division II, the NCAAs first split was into two divisions. The former College Division formed because many NCAA member schools wanted an alternative to the nature of what is now Division I. Division III formed in 1973, in a split of the College Division, the former College Division members that chose to offer athletic scholarships or to remain in a division with those who did became Division II, while members that did not became Division III. Division III is the NCAA’s largest division with 438 active member institutions, of the member institutions, 81% are private, while only 19% are public. Division III schools range in size from an undergraduate enrollment of 348 to a maximum of 21,247. Division III institutions have to sponsor at least five sports for men and five for women, there are minimum contest and participant minimums for each sport. Division III athletic programs are non-revenue-generating, extracurricular programs that are staffed and funded like any other university department, hence, they feature student-athletes who receive no financial aid related to their athletic ability. Student athletes also cannot redshirt as freshmen, and schools may not use endowments or funds whose primary purpose is to benefit athletic programs, Division III schools shall not award financial aid to any student on the basis of athletics leadership, ability, participation or performance. The ban on scholarships is strictly enforced. S, an all-sports conference is defined here as one that sponsors both mens and womens basketball. A conference name followed by * denotes a conference also sponsors football. Six of them are grandfathered schools that have competed at the highest level of a particular mens sport prior to the institution of the Division classifications in 1971. Presumably due to Title IX considerations, grandfathered schools are allowed to field one womens sport in Division I. These schools are allowed to offer scholarships in their Division I mens and womens sports to remain competitive with their opponents. The State University of New York at Oneonta, which had been grandfathered in mens soccer, rutgers University–Newark, which had been grandfathered in mens volleyball, did the same in 2014. Academic-based and need-based financial aid is available, as is the case for Division III. Franklin and Marshall College Hobart College Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT also fields mens rowing, lawrence continues to field a fencing team, but that team is now considered Division III. Football and basketball may not be grandfathered Division I programs because their potential would give them an unfair advantage over other Division III schools
13.
2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season
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The Boise State Broncos were the years only undefeated team in either level of Division I football after defeating Oklahoma in the Fiesta Bowl. Many publications release their predictions of the one team prior to the beginning of the season. Following is a list of some publications No.1 pick, there are several rules that have changed for the 2006 season. Following are some highlights, The NCAA ruled that teams could schedule twelve regular-season games beginning in the 2006 season, instant replay is now officially sanctioned and standardized. All plays are reviewed by the officials as the play occurs. They may call down to the officials to stop play if they need extra time to make a review. Each coach may also make one challenge per game, in the case of a coachs challenge, the coach must have at least one time-out remaining. If the challenge is upheld the coach gets the time-out back, if the challenge is rejected, both the challenge and the time-out are spent. Players may only wear clear eyeshields, previously, both tinted and orange were also allowed. The kicking tee has been lowered from two inches tall to only one inch, previously, it was only fifteen minutes. On a kickoff, the clock starts when the ball is kicked rather than when the receiving team touches it. On a change of possession, the clock starts when the marks the ball ready for play. The referee may no longer stop the game due to crowd noise. Previously, only the option was available. If a team scores at the end of the game, they will not kick the extra point unless it would affect the outcome of the game, Troy won the New Orleans Bowl bid by defeating the Blue Raiders in their game. WAC, Boise State The Broncos became the team in the history of the BCS to come from a non-BCS conference. For the ninth year, the Bowl Championship Series selected the No.1, the year 2006 marked a change for the BCS, as the added National Championship Game began as a separate entity, played after the other bowls. Ohio State was ranked No.1 in all of the BCS-component polls in the preseason, when the BCS rankings began on October 15, Ohio State was No.1 on all 8 rankings released during the season
14.
NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision
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Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football
15.
Big Sky Conference
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The Big Sky Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAAs Division I, with football competing in the Football Championship Subdivision. Member institutions are located in the western United States in the nine states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, Utah, four affiliate members each participate in one sport. Two schools from California are football-only participants, and two schools from the Northeast participate only in mens golf, the name Big Sky came from the popular 1947 western novel by A. B. Guthrie Jr. The 2012–13 season marked the completion of 50 years of competition and 25 years sponsoring women’s collegiate athletics. Before the season the league introduced a new logo to celebrate this, the 25th season of women’s athletics also marked a first for the league, as Portland State won the league’s inaugural softball championship. Womens sports were conducted in the Mountain West Athletic Conference. The Big Sky sponsors championships in 16 sports, including men’s and women’s cross country, golf, indoor and outdoor track and field, basketball, there are also championships in football, and in women’s volleyball, soccer, and softball. All 12 of the Big Skys full members will play football in the conference once Idaho drops from the FBS to FCS in 2018, North Dakota will leave the non-football side of the Big Sky in 2018 to join the Summit League. The football team remain in the Big Sky until 2020. Notes Gonzaga, which has not fielded a team since 1941, was a charter member in 1963. Each core member institution is required to participate in all of the 13 core sports, mens core sports are basketball, cross country, football, indoor track and field, outdoor track and field, and tennis. Womens core sports are basketball, cross country, golf, indoor track and field, outdoor track and field, tennis, cal Poly San Luis Obispo and UC Davis participate as football-only affiliates, otherwise participating in the Big West Conference. Binghamton and Hartford are affiliates in mens golf only, otherwise participating in the America East Conference, before the 2014–15 school year, the latter two schools had participated in mens golf alongside five full Big Sky members in the single-sport America Sky Conference. The return of Idaho brought the number of participating in mens golf to six. The Big Sky is unusual among Division I all-sports conferences in not sponsoring baseball, the conference originally sponsored baseball, with all members participating. When Boise State and Northern Arizona arrived for the 1971 season, competition was split into two divisions of four each, with the winners in a best-of-three championship series. Montana State and Montana soon dropped the sport and by the 1973 season, only six teams remained but the divisions were kept, in May 1974, the Big Sky announced its intention to discontinue five of its ten sponsored sports. It retained football, basketball, cross-county, track, and wrestling, and dropped conference competition in baseball, golf, tennis, swimming, of the eleven Big Sky baseball titles, four each went to Idaho and Gonzaga, and three to Weber State
16.
Ohio Valley Conference
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The Ohio Valley Conference is a collegiate athletic conference which operates in the Midwestern and Southeastern United States. It participates in Division I of the NCAA, the football programs compete in the Football Championship Subdivision. The OVC has 12 members,9 of which compete in football in the conference, the plan was put on hold due to World War II, but it was resurrected after the conclusion of the war. In 1948, the three schools joined with Louisville, Morehead State, and Evansville to form the Ohio Valley Conference, historically, the OVC was a pioneer in racial desegregation with Morehead State signing the conferences first black athlete, Marshall Banks, in 1958. The rest of the OVC soon followed in Morehead States wake, all other HBCUs in NCAA Division I are members of either the MEAC or SWAC, conferences made up entirely of HBCUs. The OVC has also been a leader in advancement of sports opportunities for women, since 2009, the OVC has been led by Commissioner Beth DeBauche, one of only six female commissioners for the thirty-two Division I conferences. When the national debate on the problem reached its apex in the mid-1990s, principles of fair play, ethical conduct and respect for ones opponent. Since then, the OVC has also introduced individual, team, founded by six schools, the expansions of 2007 and 2011 have brought the Ohio Valley Conference membership to twelve schools, the most in its history. In its first two years, the network provided well over 600,000 viewings of streamed live video of more than 1400 events. Note Morehead States football team competes in the Pioneer Football League, Notes Notes Columbus State dropped rifle after the 2014–15 school year. Austin Peays football team left the OVC after the 1996 season to compete as an NCAA D-I FCS Independent, after four seasons as an Independent, the team joined the Pioneer Football League in 2001, and remained there through the 2005 season. Austin Peay then returned to football, spending the 2006 season as an Independent before re-entering OVC football competition in 2007. Starting with the 2012–13 school year, the member schools divided into two divisions for those sports in which all schools compete. In the 2014–15 season, womens sports with twelve teams returned to a 12 team ranking, the Ohio Valley Conference currently offers championship competition in eighteen NCAA sanctioned sports, eight for men, nine for women, and rifle for mens, womens, and coed teams. All competing OVC schools have coed teams, and Tennessee-Martin has both a womens and a coed team, womens varsity sports not sponsored by the Ohio Valley Conference which are played by OVC schools ‡ = Rodeo is sanctioned by the National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association, not the NCAA. While UT-Martin considers rodeo to be a varsity sport, Murray State operates their rodeo teams a club sport within the Hutson School of Agriculture, ¶ = Eastern Illinois is one of only 14 schools playing NCAA-sanctioned rugby. The NCAA currently classifies rugby as a sport for women. The NCAA has never governed mens rugby and this is a list of the champions since 2000
17.
Southwestern Athletic Conference
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The Southwestern Athletic Conference is a collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, which is made up of historically black universities in the Southern United States. It participates in the NCAAs Division I for all sports, in football, it participates in the Football Championship Subdivision, still frequently referred to by its former designation of Division I-AA. The SWAC is widely considered the premier HBCU conference and ranks among the elite in the nation in terms of alumni affiliated with sports teams. In 1994, the SWAC fell just 40,000 fans short of becoming the first non-Football Bowl Subdivision conference to attract one million fans to its home games, in 1920, athletic officials from six Texas HBCUs — C. H. Fuller of Bishop College, Red Randolph and C. H, patterson of Paul Quinn College, E. G. Evans, H. J. Evans and H. J. Starns of Prairie View A&M, D. C. Fuller of Texas College and G. Whitte Jordan of Wiley College — met in Houston, Texas, to discuss common interests. At this meeting, they agreed to form a new league, Paul Quinn became the first of the original members to withdraw from the league in 1929. When Langston University of Oklahoma was admitted into the two years later, it began the migration of state-supported institutions into the SWAC. Southern University entered the ranks in 1934, followed by Arkansas AM&N in 1936, the enter-exit cycle continued in 1961 when Texas College withdrew, followed by the admittance of Alcorn A&M in 1962. Wiley left in 1968, the same year Mississippi Valley State College entered, Arkansas AM&N exited in 1970 and Alabama State University entered in 1982. Arkansas–Pine Bluff rejoined the SWAC on July 1,1997, regaining full-member status one year later, Alabama A&M University became the conference’s tenth member when it became a full member in September,1999 after a one-year period as an affiliate SWAC member. Most of the former SWAC members that have left the conference are currently a part of the Red River Athletic Conference of the NAIA, the SWAC is one of two conferences – the other being the Ivy League – that does not participate in the FCS football playoffs. The SWAC instead splits its schools into two divisions, and plays a conference championship game, the SWAC has occasionally been a participant in bowl games, the most recent being the Celebration Bowl, which features the SWAC as one of its tie-ins. Current championship competition offered by the SWAC includes competition for men in baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, indoor track, outdoor track & field and tennis. Women’s competition is offered in the sports of basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, indoor track, outdoor track & field, soccer, softball, tennis and volleyball. Note Arkansas–Pine Bluff was a member of the SWAC from 1936 to 1970 as Arkansas AM&N before re-joining in the 1997-98 academic season, note - Upon the closure of Bishop College, Paul Quinn College relocated from Waco to Dallas and re-established itself at the Bishop College campus. - Huston–Tillotson University was formerly known as Samuel Huston College, in 1933 Langston appeared to win the title outright with a 4-0 conference record after the regular season, while Wiley finished 4-1, and Prairie View A&M finished 3-1. Langston was invited to the Prairie View Bowl, which was won by Prairie View, the Panthers subsequently declared themselves SWAC champions even though their claim was based on a postseason game
18.
Yankee Conference
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The Yankee Conference was a collegiate sports conference in the eastern United States. It once sponsored competition in sports, but eventually became a football-only league. Although not under the charter, it is essentially an ancestor of todays Colonial Athletic Association football conference. The Yankee Conference essentially was formed in 1938 as the New England Conference, the NCAA however considers the Yankee Conference and New England Conference to be two separate conferences, as they were formed under different charters. In 1945, Northeastern University, the private school in the New England Conference. This led the four members, all land-grant universities in New England. The committee recommended that the four current members join with two New England land-grant institutions, the University of Massachusetts and the University of Vermont and this led to the formation of the Yankee Conference in 1946, with athletic competition beginning in the 1947–48 school year. In 1975 the conference allowed its members to choose conference participation on a sport-by-sport basis, later in the year, it opted to end sponsorship of all sports except football. Starting in the 1980s, a number of schools from outside New England joined the conference and it existed until 1997, when NCAA legislation limiting the influence of single-sport conferences over policy became effective. Facing extinction, the merged with the Atlantic 10 Conference. After membership changes in the Colonial Athletic Association over the following 10 years, the phrase Yankee Conference is alluded to in the modern Yankee Collegiate Football Conference, which fields teams at the club football level. The Yankee Conference was the first college football conference to implement college footballs current overtime rules, source List of defunct college football conferences
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Appalachian State University
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Appalachian State University /ˌæpəˈlætʃən/ is a comprehensive, public, coeducational university in Boone, North Carolina, United States. Appalachian State was founded as a college in 1899 by brothers B. B. and D. D. It expanded to other programs in 1967, and joined the University of North Carolina system in 1971. It is the sixth largest institution with about 16,000 undergraduate and 1,600 graduate students. It offers 174 undergraduate and 37 graduate majors as well as a degree in educational leadership. The university has ranked among the top 10 Southern Masters Universities since the U. S. News. Land was donated by Daniel B, Dougherty, father of the leaders in the enterprise, and by J. F. Hardin. On this site a wood building, costing $1,000, was erected by contributions from citizens of the town. In the fall of 1899, the Dougherty brothers, acting as co-principals, the first year saw 53 students enrolled in three grades. In 1903, after interest in the school had spread to adjoining counties and he traveled to the state capital, Raleigh, after drafting a bill. Newland of Caldwell County introduced the bill in the North Carolina Legislature to make this a school, with an appropriation for maintenance. Captain E. F. Lovill of Watauga County, R. B, white of Franklin County, Clyde Hoey of Cleveland County and E. J. Justice of McDowell County spoke in favor of the measure. On March 9,1903, the bill became law, the school opened on October 5,1903 with $2,000 from the state and 325 students. For 22 years, there was a period of growth, academic development. In 1925, the changed the name to the Appalachian State Normal School and appropriated additional funding for maintenance. Four years later, in 1929, the became a four-year degree granting institution and was renamed Appalachian State Teachers College. Over 1,300 students were enrolled in programs offered for primary grades education, physical education, math, English, science. Appalachian attained national standards by becoming accredited by the American Association for Teacher Education in 1939, in 1948 a Graduate School was formed
20.
Appalachian State Mountaineers football
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The Appalachian State Mountaineers football team is the college football team at Appalachian State University in Boone, North Carolina. The Mountaineers have competed in the Sun Belt Conference since 2014, Appalachian plays its home games in Kidd Brewer Stadium, formerly known as Conrad stadium, which is named after Kidd Brewer, whose 1937 squad was unbeaten and unscored upon during the regular season. The Mountaineers were the first FCS team to win three national championships since the playoffs began in 1978. Appalachian became the first FCS team to receive votes in the final Associated Press college football poll on January 8,2008, the Mountaineers received five points in the poll. Through its storied history, the App State football program has won over 550 games, the Mountainers have 18 Conference championships and boast one of the nations best home field advantages. The program also has one Walter Payton Award winner, Appalachian State began playing organized football in 1928. The coach that first year was Graydon Eggers, the Mountaineers competed as an independent before joining the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics North State Conference as a charter member in 1931. Kidd Brewer was the coach of the Mountaineers from 1935–38. Brewers 1937 squad is best remembered for going unbeaten and unscored upon during the season, outscoring opponents 206–0 before losing a postseason game to the Golden Eagles. Appalachian found continued success under coach E. C, during Duggins eight years as coach, the Mountaineers claimed three more North State Conference championships and played in seven bowl games. The Mountaineers again competed as an independent from 1968–71 before joining the Southern Conference, Jim Duncan served as Appalachian States head coach from 1960-1964, compiling a 31–15–2 record. Duncan was succeeded by Carl Messere, who compiled a 34–26–1 record from 1965-1970, wofford head coach Jim Brakefield was hired as Appalachian States head football coach in 1971. He led the Mountaineers into the Southern Conference in his first season, Brakefield led the Mountaineers to three losing seasons in four years en route to a 47–48–4 record at Appalachian State, however, a 3–8 campaign in 1979 resulted in his dismissal. Mike Working served as the 16th head football coach in Appalachian State football history from 1980-1982, under Working, the Mountaineers compiled a record of 13–18–2 and never were able to sustain consistency. Working was fired following back to back seasons in 1981 and 1982. Legendary coach Mack Brown was hired as Appalachian States head coach in 1983, Brown, who had previously served as LSUs quarterbacks coach, led Appalachian State to a 6–5 record in what would be his only season. However, Brown chose to leave Appalachian State to accept the position of offensive coordinator at Oklahoma under head coach Barry Switzer, following Browns departure, Appalachian State promoted assistant coach Sparky Woods to head coach. Appalachian State won the first of nine Southern Conference championships in 1986 under Woods, another conference championship and playoff appearance followed in 1987
21.
Southern Conference
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The Southern Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I. Southern Conference football teams compete in the Football Championship Subdivision, member institutions are located in the states of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. The Southern Conference ranks as the fifth-oldest major college conference in the United States. Among conferences currently in operation, the Big Ten and Missouri Valley are indisputably older, the Pac-12 Conference did not operate under its current charter until 1959, but claims the history of the Pacific Coast Conference, founded in 1915, as its own. The Southwest Conference was founded in 1914, but ceased operation in 1996 once the Big 12 Conference began play, the Southern Conference is considered one of the stronger football conferences in the Football Championship Subdivision and is considered a mid-major conference in basketball. In 2015, Furman defeated UCF 16–15 and The Citadel topped South Carolina 23–22 for their win over the Gamecocks in the past three meetings. The SoCon also frequently sees multiple teams selected to participate in the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship, talks of a new conference for southern athletics had started as early as fall of 1920. The conference was formed on February 25,1921 in Atlanta as fourteen member institutions split from the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, in 1922, six more universities – Florida, LSU, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tulane, and Vanderbilt joined the conference. The first year of competition for the conference was in 1922, the new rules banned freshman play. Later additions included Sewanee, Virginia Military Institute, and Duke, the SoCon is particularly notable for having spawned two other major conferences. In 1932, the 13 schools located south and west of the Appalachians all departed the SoCon to form the Southeastern Conference, in 1953, seven additional schools withdrew from the SoCon to form the Atlantic Coast Conference. The SoCon became the first league to hold a basketball tournament to decide a conference champion. Although first played in 1921, it did not become official until 1922, held at the Municipal Auditorium in Atlanta from February 24 – March 2,1922, the first meeting was won by North Carolina who defeated non-member Mercer in the Finals 40-25. The SoCon Basketball Tournament continues as the nations oldest conference tournament, the next-oldest tournament overall is the SEC Mens Basketball Tournament, founded in 1933, but that event was suspended after its 1952 edition and did not resume until 1979. The all-sports membership changed to 10 schools in 2014 following the departure of Appalachian State, Davidson, Elon, and Georgia Southern, plus the arrival of East Tennessee State, Mercer, the current football membership stands at nine. UNC Greensboro does not sponsor football, while ETSU, which relaunched its previously dormant football program in 2015, on January 9,2014, the SoCon and Atlantic Sun Conference announced a new alliance in lacrosse that took effect with the 2014–15 school year. Under its terms, sponsorship of mens lacrosse shifted from the ASUN to the SoCon, bellarmine, which had announced it would join the ASUN for mens lacrosse for the 2015 season, instead joined the SoCon. The most recent additions to the associate membership came with the start of the 2016–17 school year, Full members Full members Other Conference Other Conference Due to space limitations, one portion of Washington and Lees affiliation history is not indicated in the table
22.
McNeese State University
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McNeese State University is a public regional university located in Lake Charles, Louisiana, in the United States. Founded in 1939 as Lake Charles Junior College, it was renamed McNeese Junior College after John McNeese, the present name was adopted in 1970. McNeese is part of the University of Louisiana System and is classified by the Carnegie Foundation as a Masters University, U. S. News and World Report designates McNeese as a Tier One South Regional University. The selective admissions university consists of six colleges and the Doré School of Graduate Studies, McNeese is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, and all programs of study are accredited by their respective national boards. McNeese State University was founded in 1939 as a division of Louisiana State University and was originally called Lake Charles Junior College and it offered only the first two years of higher education. McNeese opened its doors on an 86-acre tract donated by the Calcasieu Parish Police Jury, there were two original buildings, the former Administration Building and the McNeese Arena. The auditorium, now Francis G. Bulber Auditorium, was completed in 1940 as the building on the campus. These three buildings are still in use today, the name became John McNeese Junior College in 1940 by resolution of the University Board of Supervisors in honor of Imperial Calcasieu Parishs first superintendent of schools. In 1950, the became an autonomous four-year institution as McNeese State College. The bill was advanced by State Senator Gilbert Franklin Hennigan of DeRidder in neighboring Beauregard Parish and it was separated from Louisiana State University and renamed McNeese State College. Its administration was transferred to the Louisiana State Board of Education, in 1960, legislators authorized McNeese to offer curricula leading to the masters degree, in 1966, the degree of Educational Specialist was first offered. In 1970, its changed to McNeese State University. McNeese was first accredited in 1954 by the Southern Association of Colleges, Dr. Joseph T. Farrar Dr. William B. Hatcher Dr. Rodney Cline Dr. Lether Edward Frazar Retired in 1955, Dr. Wayne N. Cusic Retired in 1969. Dr. Thomas S. Leary Resigned from presidency, Dr. Jack Doland Resigned in order to run for state office. Dr. Robert Hébert Dr. Philip C. Williams The main campus occupies 121 acres lined with oak trees in the heart of south Lake Charles, the main campus includes 68 main buildings. A renovation of the quadrangle was completed to relieve the flooding that plagued students during rainy days. The Southwest Louisiana Entrepreneurial and Economic Development Center is under construction on the university campus to allow local business leaders, a commemorative statue of John McNeese has recently been placed near Smith Hall, and new decorative signs have been built on each corner of the main campus
23.
McNeese State Cowboys football
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The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision and are members of the Southland Conference. McNeese States first football team was fielded in 1940, the team plays its home games at the 17,410 seat Cowboy Stadium in Lake Charles, Louisiana. The Cowboys are coached by Lance Guidry, on August 31,2013, McNeese State opened their season at South Florida by defeating the Bulls 53-21. It was the largest point total by a Football Championship Subdivision team over a Football Bowl Subdivision team in a victory since the NCAA split Division I football into two divisions in 1978. The 32 point difference was also the greatest margin of victory by a FCS team over a FBS team and they also participated in the Cajun Bowl against the Southern Arkansas Muleriders in 1947, which ended in a scoreless tie. The two teams have met 9 times on the field with McNeese State leading the series tied 5–4–0. Due to conference scheduling requirements, the most recent game was played in 2015, the two teams have met 34 times on the football field, with McNeese State currently holding a 24-9-1 agreement with the two universities and Verizon Wireless. The Cajun Crown was the name of the trophy between USL and McNeese State
24.
Southland Conference
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The Southland Conference is a collegiate athletic conference which operates in the South Central United States. It participates in the NCAAs Division I for all sports, for football, the Southland sponsors 17 sports, nine for women and eight for men, and is governed by a presidential Board of Directors and an Advisory Council of athletic and academic administrators. Tom Burnett was named the Southlands sixth commissioner on Dec.23,2002, from 1996 to 2002, for football only, the Southland Conference was known as the Southland Football League. The conferences offices are located in the Dallas suburb of Frisco, founded in 1963, its members were Abilene Christian College, Arkansas State College, Arlington State College, Lamar State College of Technology, and Trinity University. Since its founding, the Southland Conference has been the home for 18 college, in addition, the conference has also been home to some schools for one sport only. In the case of football, Troy University fielded a team from 1996 to 2000, notes Abilene Christian re-joined the Southland Conference in 2013 after joining the NAIA and Lone Star Conference after the 1972–73 season. Lamar re-joined the Southland Conference after competing in the American South, notes Full members Full members Associate members 1. - Southwestern Louisiana became the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in 1999, - Northeast Louisiana became the University of Louisiana at Monroe in 1999. The Southland Conference sponsors championship competition in eight mens and nine womens NCAA sanctioned sports, the Southland was instrumental in founding the Independence Bowl, and the Southland champion served as the automatic home team for that bowl from 1976–1980. On May 21,2014, the Southland Conference approved the use of instant replay at all its home games becoming the first FCS league to fully commit to having all games utilize instant replay. Among notable NBA stars attending Southland Conference schools include Karl Malone, Joe Dumars, Scottie Pippen, Jeff Foster, former member Louisiana-Monroe advanced to the 1985 NCAA Womens Final Four. Notes, Texas A&M–Corpus Christi uses off-campus Whataburger Field as their field for some high-profile games. Abilene Christian will move its football program into the new Wildcat Stadium for the 2017 season, Abilene Christians new Elmer Gray Stadium opened on April 10,2015. The stadium is used for both Track & Field and Soccer, the new stadium replaces the original Elmer Gray Stadium, which was demolished to make way for Wildcat Stadium. The Conference began its own syndicated broadcast entity in 2008, the Southland Conference Television Network and it aired in over 25 markets in the leagues four-state region, plus on national networks such as Fox College Sports, ESPN GamePlan, and ESPN3. In 2008-09, the network featured 35 broadcasts, and over 30 in each of the four seasons. For 2013 and 2014, the network was restricted to only regular season football games. ESPN3 also carried a package of football games beyond the syndicated networks schedule
25.
New Mexico State University
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New Mexico State University, is a major public, land-grant, research university in Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States. Founded in 1888, it is the oldest public institution of education in the state of New Mexico. It was founded to teach agriculture in 1888 as the Las Cruces College, and it received its present name in 1960. NMSU has 18,497 students enrolled as of Fall 2009, NMSU offers a wide range of programs and awards associate, bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees through its main campus and four community colleges. NMSU is the only research-extensive, land-grant, U. S. -Mexico border institution classified by the government as serving Hispanics. In 1888 Hiram Hadley, an Earlham College-educated teacher from Indiana, one decade later, the Territorial Assembly of New Mexico provided for the establishment of an agricultural college and agricultural experiment station with Bill No. 28, the Rodey Act of 1889, designated as the land-grant college for New Mexico under the Morrill Act, it was named the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Las Cruces College then merged with the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts and it began with 35 students and 6 faculty members. The college was supposed to graduate its first student in 1893, classes met in the two-room adobe building of Las Cruces College until new buildings were erected on the 220-acre campus three miles south of Las Cruces. In February 1891, McFie Hall, popularly known as Old Main, McFie Hall burned down in 1910, but its remains can be seen in the center of Pride Field on the University Horseshoe. In 1960, in move to better represent its operations, New Mexico A&M was renamed New Mexico State University by a constitutional amendment. New Mexico State University now has a 6, 000-acre campus, full-time faculty members number 694, with a staff of 3,113. The university has an international student population from in Central America, the Caribbean, South America, Europe, Asia. The main campus of New Mexico State University occupies 900 acres in the city of Las Cruces and it is located adjacent to Interstate 25, surrounded by desert landscape and greenhouses. The main campus is bordered by Interstate 10, which is the main east-west interstate highway across the southern part of the United States. To the east of Interstate 25, the facilities consist of the Presidents residence, NMSU Golf Course, the A Mountain west slope. About six miles south of campus on 203 acres of land is the Leyendecker Plant Science Research Center, the Las Cruces campus is home to a nesting population of Swainsons hawks, a raptor species currently protected by federal law. The hawks are known for attacking pedestrians randomly, pedestrians are advised to be careful when walking on Stewart Street, as signs have been posted all across
26.
New Mexico State Aggies football
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On September 12,2012, New Mexico State announced that it would stay in the Football Bowl Subdivision and become an independent. Despite some impressive single game wins and individual player stats, the Aggies have struggled as a team on the field, as of 2015, the team had not appeared in a bowl game since 1960. This is the longest period of any FBS team without a bowl appearance, one of New Mexico States earliest football games was the first match-up against in-state rival New Mexico on January 1,1894. From 1914- to 1916, Clarence Russell served as football coach of the Aggies. Dutch Bergman served as coach from 1920 to 1922, compiling a record of 12–1–5. R. R. Brown served as the football coach of the Aggies from 1923 to 1925. He led the 1923 team to an undefeated 9–0 record, including victories over Hardin–Simmons, and rival teams New Mexico, jerry Hines began coaching the Aggies in 1929, and was also coach of the mens basketball team. Hines’ teams competed well in the new Border Conference, between 1934 and 1938, the football record was 31–10–6, and the team was invited to the first Sun Bowl in 1936 where they tied the powerful Hardin-Simmons Cowboys 14–14. Hines coaching career ended with his induction into service during World War II. Julius Johnston took over the Aggies football team after Hines resignation, in his absence, assistant coach Maurice Moulder led the team. The Aggies did not field a team from 1944 to 1945 because of the events surrounding World War II. From 1946 to 1947, Ray Curfman was the coach of the Aggies. Curfmans Aggies compiled an 8–11 record and he resigned in December 1947 to work in the sporting goods industry in Texas. From 1948 to 1957, NMSU compiled a dismal 21–74 record under four coaches that were either fired or forced to resign in succession. Fan support and attendance declined, recruiting was becoming more difficult and alumni and this would be a sign of things to come for the Aggie football program. Future College Football Hall of Fame inductee Warren B, Woodson took over as head coach in 1958. He previously had success at the Conway Teachers College and Hardin-Simmons, in his second season at New Mexico State, Woodsons team defeated North Texas in the 1959 Sun Bowl. The following year, Woodson guided the Aggies to an 11–0 finish and that year, New Mexico State defeated Utah State, 20–13, in the 1960 Sun Bowl and attained a final AP Poll ranking of 17th
27.
Missouri Valley Conference football
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This is a page on the history of Missouri Valley Conference football. The Missouri Valley Conference sponsored football from 1907 through the 1985 school year, the conference voted to drop football as a sport on April 30,1985. At the time the Conference was a mixture of NCAA division I programs, the Missouri Valley Conference started sponsoring football in the fall of 1907. Both schools returned to the MVC for non-football sports several years later, but Bradley never rejoined for football, washburn University competed in football from 1935 through 1940. Saint Louis University dropped football after the 1949 season, by the late 1960s, rising costs for football meant that basketball could no longer help subsidize football programs. According to a 2017 story in The Wichita Eagle, The MVC looked west to find football, the new additions almost immediately led to conflict between several established members and the conference office. All three schools left the MVC within a period in the 1970s—Cincinnati in 1971, Memphis State in 1973. At the time of Memphis States departure, Bradleys then-athletic director publicly said and they didn’t want to play everybody in football and we said that they must. The MVC attempted to reload by adding Southern Illinois, Indiana State, on December 5,2006 the Missouri Valley Conference released its All-Centennial team. This membership timeline reflects only Missouri Valley Conference football, not the Missouri Valley Conference as a whole
28.
Trinity University (Texas)
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Trinity University is a private liberal arts college in San Antonio, Texas. Founded in 1869, its campus is located in the Monte Vista Historic District adjacent to Brackenridge Park, the campus is three miles north of downtown San Antonio and the River Walk and six miles south of the San Antonio International Airport. The student body consists of approximately 2,300 undergraduate and 200 graduate students, Cumberland Presbyterians founded Trinity in 1869 in Tehuacana, Texas from the remnants of three small Cumberland Presbyterian colleges that had lost significant enrollment during the Civil War. Believing that the school needed the support of a larger community, in 1906, the university, along with many Cumberland Presbyterian churches, affiliated with the United Presbyterian Church. The Stock Market Crash of 1929, however, severely hindered the universitys growth, enrollment declined sharply, indebtedness and faculty attrition mounted, and trustees began using endowment funds to maintain daily operations. Consequently, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools placed Trinitys accreditation status on probation in 1936, once again, its leaders began to consider relocation to a larger community to improve the universitys viability. Meanwhile, in 1942, the Methodist-affiliated University of San Antonio was failing, San Antonio community leaders, who wished to maintain a Protestant-affiliated college in the city, approached Trinity with a relocation offer. The university left Waxahachie and took over the campus and alumni of the University of San Antonio, for the next decade the Woodlawn campus, on the citys near-west side, was Trinitys home while it developed a permanent home. Lacking adequate facilities, the university functioned by using military barracks and Quonset huts to house students and to provide library, in 1945, Trinity acquired a former limestone quarry for a new campus and hired Texas architect ONeil Ford to design a master plan and many of the buildings. Construction began in 1950, and the current campus opened in 1952, when it moved, the campus was largely undeveloped. Yet, under the leadership of Dr. James W. Laurie, Dr. Laurie was responsible for drastically increasing Trinity’s endowment, largely funded by the James A. and Leta M. Chapman Charitable Trust of Tulsa, Oklahoma. The campus continues to be a historically connected member of the Association of Presbyterian Colleges and Universities, Trinitys growth continued under Ronald Calgaard, who followed Lauries successor, Duncan Wimpress. Under Dr. Calgaard, the university implemented a number of changes to raise its profile, for example, Trinity transformed into a residential undergraduate school, requiring all freshmen to live on campus and cutting the number of masters programs offered from more than twenty to four. Calgaards successor, John R. Brazil, focused on replacing outdated campus buildings, the Campaign for Trinity University, which launched in September 2005, sought to raise US $200 million for a variety of purposes. At its conclusion on September 25,2009, the Campaign raised $205.9 million, Dr. Brazil served as Trinitys President in through January 2010. Upon announcement of his retirement, the Board of Trustees awarded him Trinitys Distinguished Service Award, Dennis A. Ahlburg served as president from January 2010 to January 2015. During Ahlburgs presidency, Trinity developed and executed a plan to shape the future of the university. Academically, Trinity refined its curriculum in order to define a liberal arts education, developed an entrepreneurship program
29.
Trinity Tigers
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The Trinity Tigers is the nickname for the sports teams of Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas. They participate in the NCAAs Division III and the Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference, the school mascot is LeeRoy, a Bengal tiger. In the 1950s, LeeRoy was a tiger who was brought to sporting events. Early in its history, the participated in Division I/II athletics. Since the Directors Cup inception in 1995, Trinity has finished in the top 10 on five out of over 400 Division Ill programs. Prior to that drought the Tigers had won the award out of the preceding twelve seasons. In addition to success, individual Trinity student-athletes have won a number of championships over the years which are detailed below. Club sports include mens and womens Lacrosse, Water Polo, and Trap, the womens team captured the first USLTA womens collegiate championship in 1968 and won several more titles. In the early 1960s the program was home to some of the best tennis players in the world. In 1963, Chuck McKinley of Trinity won the Wimbledon Mens Singles Championship and he was also the runner up in 1961. Other than McKinley, famous players to attend Trinity included Butch Newman, Bob McKinley, Frank Froehling, Dick Stockton, Bill Scanlon. The schools mens and womens programs both claimed national championships in 2000, however, he was out of basketball for only 18 months as his health rapidly improved. As both the basketball coach and athletics director, Polk became Southland Conference Coach-of-the-Year in 1967. He was also the NCAA National Coach-of-the-Year for the College Division in 1968, in his three years at Trinity, Polk compiled a 69-28 record and led the Tigers to the 1968 NCAA Mens Division II Basketball Tournament, where they finished 3rd overall. Trinity athletics may be most famous for the Mississippi Miracle executed by the Tiger football team. 2007 Trinity vs. Millsaps football game On October 27,2007, in a game played in Jackson, Mississippi, against conference rival Millsaps College, after the first lateral the Millsaps defense was not fooled and seemed about to tackle the ball carrier and end the game. At this point the Tigers showed their knowledge of rugby by lining up across the field and this meant that there was always a Tiger player in position, either even with or behind the ball carrier, to legally receive another lateral. Every time the Millsaps defense closed on the carrier the Trinity player was able to complete a legal lateral to a teammate
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Stanford University
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Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California, adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and San Francisco. Its 8, 180-acre campus is one of the largest in the United States, Stanford also has land and facilities elsewhere. The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Stanford was a former Governor of California and U. S. Senator, he made his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students 125 years ago on October 1,1891, Stanford University struggled financially after Leland Stanfords death in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the country. There are three schools that have both undergraduate and graduate students and another four professional schools. Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of two institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference. Stanford faculty and alumni have founded a number of companies that produce more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue. It is the alma mater of 30 living billionaires,17 astronauts and it is also one of the leading producers of members of the United States Congress. Sixty Nobel laureates and seven Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, Stanford University was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford, dedicated to Leland Stanford Jr, their only child. The institution opened in 1891 on Stanfords previous Palo Alto farm, despite being impacted by earthquakes in both 1906 and 1989, the campus was rebuilt each time. In 1919, The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace was started by Herbert Hoover to preserve artifacts related to World War I, the Stanford Medical Center, completed in 1959, is a teaching hospital with over 800 beds. The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, which was established in 1962, in 2008, 60% of this land remained undeveloped. Besides the central campus described below, the university also operates at more remote locations, some elsewhere on the main campus. Stanfords main campus includes a place within unincorporated Santa Clara County. The campus also includes land in unincorporated San Mateo County, as well as in the city limits of Menlo Park, Woodside. The academic central campus is adjacent to Palo Alto, bounded by El Camino Real, Stanford Avenue, Junipero Serra Boulevard, the United States Postal Service has assigned it two ZIP codes,94305 for campus mail and 94309 for P. O. box mail
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Gulf South Conference
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The Gulf South Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated at the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II level which operates in the southeastern United States. Scheduling problems for the 1970–71 academic year limited the league to football, the following year, Mississippi College and Northwestern Louisiana were admitted. NWLA withdrew to go Division I two years later, followed by SLU and Nicholls State in 1979, the conference continued with seven teams until 1981, when the presidents admitted Valdosta State. Jacksonville State went Division I at the end of 1992–93, Mississippi College dropped to Division III at the end of 1995–96 and was replaced by Christian Brothers to keep the Conference at 16 schools. In July 2000, the GSC welcomed Harding University and Ouachita Baptist University, the Conference membership decreased to 17 when MUW dropped its athletics program at the end of the 2002–03 season. 2006–07 was another season of change for the GSC, Montevallo announced on June 27,2008 that they will be leaving for the Peach Belt Conference following the 2008–09 season due to issues between the Universitys President and the Commissioner. The GSC moved away from play after the 2010-11 season after its six Arkansas members broke away. Thanks to an expansion plan, the GSC sponsored the Division II applications of Union University and Shorter University. The next step in bolstering its membership came in 2012, backing the Division II application of Lee University which is on track to join the league officially in 2015-16, the league added its first-ever associate member, Florida Tech, in football only in 2013. The Conference hopes to add an old friend back into the fold when Mississippi College submitted its application to rejoin Division II and is on track for 2016-17 membership. Former Commissioner Jim McCullough brought the GSC office to Birmingham when he was hired in 1979, the Conference welcomed its seventh Commissioner in May,2014 when Matt Wilson was selected to follow Nate Salant who retired after a 22-year stint. In July 2011, Shorter University and Union University were accepted into the NCAA, both universities will begin GSC competition in the 2012–13 academic year but will not be eligible for NCAA national tournaments until the 2014–15 academic year. In August 2011, the GSC added the Florida Institute of Technology as a member for football beginning in the 2013 season. On October 11,2012, Mississippi College announced that it would petition the NCAA to leave Division III, in 2013, Lee University joined the GSC, bringing the membership to 11. Lee University moved to Division II provisional membership for the 2014-15 season and they will complete transition to Division II in the 2015-16 season. Mississippi College entered its second year with the 2014-15 season in its path to full Division II membership in 2016-17. North Alabama — will join the NCAA Division I Atlantic Sun Conference in 2018, Montevallo — lacrosse is an affiliate member from 2015–2017. Harding — soccer was a member in 2011–12
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Big Eight Conference
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The Big Eight Conference was a National Collegiate Athletic Association -affiliated Division I-A college athletic association that sponsored football. Additionally, the University of Iowa was an member of the MVIAA. The conference was dissolved in 1996, the Big Eight kept its headquarters in Kansas City, Missouri. In February 1995, the Big Eight and the Southwest Conference announced that the two leagues had reached an agreement to form a new conference. The eight members of the Big Eight joined with SWC schools Texas, Texas A&M, Baylor, and Texas Tech to form the Big 12 Conference the following year. A vote was conducted on whether to keep the new headquarters in Kansas City. The two Oklahoma schools, all four Texas schools, and Colorado voted for the move while both Kansas schools, Nebraska, Missouri, and Iowa State voted for Kansas City. The University of Iowa who was also a member of the Western Conference was also a joint member of the conference, Iowa only participated in football and outdoor mens track and field. In 1908, Drake University and Iowa Agricultural College joined the MVIAA, Iowa who was a joint member departed in 1911 to only compete in the Western Conference, but Kansas State University joined the conference in 1913. Nebraska left in 1918 to play as an independent for two seasons before returning in 1920, in 1919, the University of Oklahoma and Saint Louis University applied for membership, but were disapproved due to deficient management of their athletic programs. The conference then added Grinnell College in 1919, with the University of Oklahoma applying again, Oklahoma A&M University joined in 1925, bringing conference membership to ten, an all-time high. At a meeting in Lincoln, Nebraska, on May 19,1928, Six of the seven state schools formed a conference that was initially known as the Big Six Conference. Just before the start of practice, the six schools announced they would retain the MVIAA name for formal purposes. However, fans and media continued to call it the Big Six, the three private schools – Drake, Grinnell, and Washington University – joined with Oklahoma A&M, becoming known as the Missouri Valley Conference. For the remainder of the Big Eights run, both conferences claimed 1907 as their date, as well as the same history through 1927. To this day, it has never been established which conference was the original. Conference membership grew with the addition of the University of Colorado on December 1,1947, later that month, Reaves E. Peters was hired as Commissioner of Officials and Assistant Secretary and set up the first conference offices in Kansas City, Missouri. With the addition of Colorado, the unofficial name became the Big Seven Conference, coincidentally
33.
Colorado Buffaloes football
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The Colorado Buffaloes football program represents the University of Colorado Boulder in college football at the NCAA Division I FBS level. The team is currently a member of the Pac-12 Conference, having previously been a member of the Big 12 Conference. Before joining the Big 12, they were members of the Big Eight Conference, the CU football team has played at Folsom Field since 1924. The Buffs all-time record is 694–493–36 prior to the Valero Alamo Bowl at the end of the 2016 season, Colorado won a National Championship in 1990. The football program is 23rd on the all-time win list and 30th in all-time winning percentage, the football team also has the distinction of being the all-time NCAA leader in 4th down conversions. They are one of two NCAA Division I teams to complete a 5th down conversion and this was a result of a mistake by the officials and happened on a play displayed by chaincrew as the 4th down. Beginning in 1890, Colorado football has enjoyed success throughout its 125+ years of competitive play. Folsom Field was built in 1924, and since then, Colorado has a 308–169–14 record at home through the 2016 season, the road game against the Nebraska Cornhuskers on November 24,2006 was Colorados 1, 100th football game. The game on September 12,2015 against Massachusetts was the schools 1, Colorado won its first national championship in 1990 under the direction of head coach Bill McCartney, who helmed the team from 1982 to 1994. The national title was split with Georgia Tech who won the United Press International Coaches Poll, whereas Colorado won the Associated Press and Football Writers Association of America polls. The largest arguments against Colorado were that they had a loss and a tie, whereas Georgia Tech had a tie and no losses, and Colorados unfair win in the Fifth Down Game against Missouri. Another major controversy was a Colorados Orange Bowl win over Notre Dame, the major argument for Colorado was that they played a more difficult schedule than Georgia Tech. Colorado capped the season with a 10–9 win over Notre Dame in the Orange Bowl, Colorados tie came against Tennessee, who was ranked #8, the first week of the season when Colorado was ranked #5. The second week gave the Buffs a scare, scoring with 12 seconds left in the game on a 4th, the next week gave Colorado its only loss of the season, losing 23–22 to Illinois and dropping Colorado to #20 in the polls. Colorado then went on to teams ranked #22 Texas, #12 Washington, #22 Oklahoma. They ended the season 7–0 in the Big Eight Conference for the second straight season and they then capped the season with a win over Notre Dame who were number 1 until a loss in their second to last game of the regular season. A traditional college football rivalry with the Nebraska Cornhuskers restarted in the 1980s when Bill McCartney declared the conference opponent to be their rival and his theory was since Nebraska was such a powerhouse team, if Colorado was able to beat them then they would be a good team. Colorado began to repeatedly threaten Nebraska in the late 1980s, following their win over the Huskers in 1986, in 1990, Colorado beat Nebraska 27–12 in Lincoln for the first time since 1967, en route to their first national title
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1972 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
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The 1972 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented the Ohio State University in the 1972 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 9–2 record, including the 1973 Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, the first came just before halftime as Dennis Franklin fumbled on fourth down at the two. In the fourth quarter, Randy Gradishar stopped Franklin on a sneak from the one, the Buckeyes fans tore down the goal posts with 13 seconds remaining. Win/Loss statistics Ohio State Historical Scores Draft data Ohio State Drafted Players
. Philadelphia Daily News. November 22, 1972. Retrieved February 22, 2017 – via newspapers.com.