1.
Big West Conference
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The Big West Conference is an American collegiate athletic conference whose member institutions participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Associations Division I. The conference was formed in 1969 as the Pacific Coast Athletic Association. The conference stopped sponsoring football after the 2000 season. The Big West Conference was formed in June 1968 as the Pacific Coast Athletic Association, the 5 original charter members were Fresno State, San Jose State, UC Santa Barbara, San Diego State, and Long Beach State. Two other schools, Cal State Los Angeles and the University of the Pacific, were also considered, the newly formed conference had a number of meetings to set up its governance, which was confirmed in October 1968 on the campus of UC Santa Barbara. Before the league started play, Cal State Los Angeles joined as a full member, the conference itself lists July 1,1969 as the recognized creation date with the 7 institutions. Since its inception as the Pacific Coast Athletic Association, the conference has seen many changes, Utah State was the first institution outside of California to join the conference in 1978. This opened the floodgates for other schools to affiliate with the PCAA, notable schools include UNLV, Nevada, Louisiana Tech. In 1983, the PCAA became the first western conference to introduce womens athletic programs and this proved vital for Hawaiʻi as their only participation in the conference was for their womens sports. From the departures of Idaho and Utah State in 2005 until the arrival of Hawaiʻi in 2012, all members were based in California, reducing the cost, when Hawaiʻi joined, it agreed to help defray a portion of travel costs to that state for the leagues California members. There have been no fewer than 25 full and associate members in the conferences history, effective July 1,1988, the Pacific Coast Athletic Association changed its name to the Big West Conference. With such schools as Utah State, UNLV, Nevada, New Mexico State, and Hawaii now in the fold, Notes A – Cal Poly San Luis Obispo competed in womens volleyball as an affiliate member from 1984-85 to 1989-90. B – UC Santa Barbara joined the conference when it was founded in 1969, left to become an independent after the 1973–74 season, Notes C – Sacramento State mens soccer joined the Big West Conference in 2012–13 season and beach volleyball followed for the 2015–2016 season. D – CSU Bakersfield beach volleyball joined the Big West Conference in the 2015–16 season, E – UC San Diego mens volleyball has announced it will join the Big West Conference in the 2017–18 season. Many of the members of the Big West are now members of the Western Athletic Conference or the Mountain West Conference. Of the former members, Cal State Los Angeles is the team that reverted to Division II level. School names and nicknames reflect those used by the institutions when they were Big West members, one school has changed its name and one its nickname. Notes Full members Full members Assoc. members Assoc. member Notes San Diego State played football as an independent for the 1976 and 1977 seasons prior to leaving the Big West Conference in 1978, UC Santa Barbara was an independent from 1974–75 to 1975–76
2.
University of the Pacific (United States)
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The University of the Pacific is a private university in the western United States, located in Stockton, California. It is the oldest chartered university in California, the first independent co-educational campus in California and it was first chartered on July 10,1851, in Santa Clara, California, under the name California Wesleyan College. The school moved to San Jose in 1871 and then to Stockton 94 years ago in 1923, Pacific is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. It has extensive collections pertaining to jazz musician and alumnus Dave Brubeck and it is also home to the papers of environmental pioneer John Muir. Pacific was founded on July 10,1851, in Santa Clara and it was originally named California Wesleyan College, but one month later, it petitioned to have its name changed to the University of the Pacific. In 1858, the college opened the first medical school on the West Coast, in 1871, the campus was moved to San Jose and the college opened its doors to women, becoming the first independent co-educational campus in California. In 1878, the Conservatory of Music was established at Pacific, in 1896, Napa College merged with the college. In 1911, the name was changed to College of the Pacific, in 1923, the campus relocated from the Bay Area to the city of Stockton becoming the first institution of higher education in the Central Valley, it became the University of the Pacific in 1961. In 1962, Pacific merged with the San Francisco College of Physicians and Surgeons, and then in 1966, with the McGeorge School of Law. In the late 1960s, when “. federal law about public funding of church-related institutions became an issue. ”The university stopped receiving funding from the United Methodist Church, on October 17,2013, the university announced an estate gift from Robert and Jeanette Powell of US$125 million. It is the largest gift in the universitys 162-year history, in the previous year, Pacific awarded its highest honor, The Order of Pacific, posthumously to both Mr. and Mrs. Powell. ” This gift increased Pacifics endowment to $334 million, part of Disneys 1973 film The Worlds Greatest Athlete was also shot at Pacific. The Stockton Campus is home to three residential halls, Grace Covell Hall, Southwest Hall, and the Quad Buildings. The Quads are composed of several separate smaller residence halls in proximity to each other, Grace Covell is the largest residence hall on campus holding more than 350 students while Southwest and the Quads hold a lower number of students. There are also fraternity and sorority houses located on campus, in 2008, the university opened a new University Center, at a cost of $38 million, to centralize all campus student-centered activities. The Don & Karen DeRosa University Center houses a new dining hall, student cafe, pub, bookstore and conference centers. It also built a new $20 million Biological Sciences Center in 2008 that provides advanced classroom and laboratory facilities for studying the natural sciences. The campus is home to Morris Chapel, a church with simple architecture, excellent acoustics
3.
Stockton, California
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Stockton is the county seat of San Joaquin County located in the central valley portion of the U. S. State of California and the. Stockton was founded by Captain Charles Maria Weber in 1849 after he acquired Rancho Campo de los Franceses, the city is named after Robert F. Stockton, and it was the first community in California to not have a name of Spanish or Native American origin. The city is located on the San Joaquin River in the northern San Joaquin Valley and had an population of 315,592 as of 2016. Stockton is the 13th largest city in California and the 63rd largest city in the United States and it was named an All-America City in 1999,2004 and again in 2015. Built during the California Gold Rush, Stocktons seaport serves as a gateway to the Central Valley and it provided easy access for trade and transportation to the southern gold mines. Stockton has been the location of the oldest university in California, as a result of the 2008 financial crisis, Stockton was the second largest city in the United States to file for bankruptcy protection. Stockton successfully exited bankruptcy in February 2015, Stockton is situated amidst the farmland of Californias San Joaquin Valley, a subregion of the Central Valley. In and around Stockton are thousands of miles of waterways, which make up the California Delta, Interstate 5 and State Route 99, inland Californias major north-south highways, pass through the city. State Route 4 and the dredged San Joaquin River connect the city with the San Francisco Bay Area to its west, Stockton and Sacramento are Californias only inland sea ports. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city occupies an area of 64.8 square miles. When Europeans first visited the Stockton area, the Yatchicumne, a branch of the Northern Valley Yokuts Indians and they built their villages on low mounds to keep their homes above regular floods. A Yokuts village named Pasasimas was located on a mound between Edison and Harrison Streets on what is now the Stockton Channel in downtown Stockton, the Siskiyou Trail began in the northern San Joaquin Valley. It was a centuries-old Native American footpath that lead through the Sacramento Valley over the Cascades, Gold rush era Europeans and Americans started to arrive in the area after gold was found in northern California, starting with the California Gold Rush in 1848. When Captain Charles Maria Weber, a German immigrant, decided to try his hand at mining in late 1848. As an alien, Weber could not secure a land grant directly, born in New York, Gulnae had married a Mexican woman and sworn allegiance to Mexico, which then ruled California. He applied in Webers place for a grant of eleven square leagues on the east side of the San Joaquin River. Weber acquired the Rancho Campo de los Franceses Mexican land grant, Weber built the first permanent residence in the San Joaquin Valley on a piece of land now known as Weber Point. During the California Gold Rush, Stockton developed as a river port, during its early years, Stockton was known by several names, including Tuleburg, Fat City, Mudville, and Californias Sunrise Seaport
4.
Colorado State Rams football
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Rams football teams have had relative success over the years, including winning or sharing the Mountain West title in 1999,2000 and 2002. The Rams completed a 49-season tenure at Sonny Lubick Field at Hughes Stadium, located four miles west of the campus in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. The university is building a new on-campus venue tentatively known as Colorado State Stadium, the Rams have long-standing rivalries with Colorado, Wyoming, and Air Force. Colorado State football dates back to 1893, when it was known as Colorado Agricultural University and its first football coach was W. J. Forbes, who led the team in 1899 to a 1-2-1 record. He was succeeded by George Toomey in 1900, who led the Rams to a record of 1-3, Harry W. Hughes also helped build Colorado Field, the first sodded football field in Colorado history, replacing Durkee Field. Colorado Field was the home of the Colorado Aggies and Colorado State Rams from 1912 to 1967, Harry Hughes won eight conference championships in the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference in 1915,1916,1919,1920,1925,1927,1933, and 1934. He was a member of the NCAA National Rules Committee beginning in 1926 until his retirement, Hughes coached the Aggies from 1911 to 1941 in football and remained as the Athletic Director until his retirement in 1953. In the early 1930s Hughes was given the nickname Dean of American Football Coaches by sportswriters and he was famously known as one of the most fair and sportsmanlike football coaches in America. He coached football from 1911 to 1941 and after resigning as coach in 1946. Upon his retirement he was inducted into the Helms Football Hall of Fame on Harry Hughes Day, known as a tough but fair coach, Hughes was a strict disciplinarian who developed a play in 1914 known as the Million Dollar Play. This triple pass was an end around play based on the single wing formation, some of Hughes greatest players were Ralph Sag Robinson, Kenneth Hyde and Glenn Morris. Hughes broke the barrier in modern Colorado football in 1939 when he played John Mosley between 1939 and 1942. When Colorado State University built their new stadium in 1968. Hughes final record at CSU was 126-92-18, Bob Davis was named as the head coach of football, replacing the legendary Hughes, on January 6,1947. Bob Davis utilized the T formation and veterans returning from World War II to turn around a 2-7 Aggies team in 1946 to an 8-2 team in 1948, placing second in the Skyline Conference. Colorado A & M was invited to and played in the January 1,1949 Raisin Bowl in Fresno, only losing 21-20 in the last minutes of the game, Davis 1949 team went on to a 9-1 record and placed second again. Bob Davis was a revolutionary coach utilizing classroom football along with practice, Davis also played black athletes in a predominantly white school such as Eddie Hanna, George Jones and Alex Burl. Several of Bob Davis players went on to the National Football League including Dale Dodrill, Thurman Fum McGraw, Jim David, Don Burroughs, Jack Christiansen, Alex Burl, three of his players were All-Americans, Thurman Fum Mcgraw, Harvey Achziger and Gary Glick
5.
Kibbie Dome
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The William H. Kibbie-ASUI Activity Center is a multi-purpose indoor athletic stadium in the northwest United States, on the campus of the University of Idaho in Moscow, Idaho. It is the home of the Idaho Vandals and is used for competition in four sports, football, basketball, tennis. The Kibbie Dome opened 46 years ago as a concrete football stadium in October 1971, built on the same site of the demolished wooden Neale Stadium. Following the 1974 football season, a roof and vertical end walls were added in ten months. With just 15,200 permanent seats, it is currently the second smallest home stadium for football in Division I FBS. Since February 2001, the Kibbie Dome has been reconfigured for basketball games and is referred to as the Cowan Spectrum, the elevation of the playing surface is 2,610 feet above sea level. The stadium was built in stages and took years to complete. Originally, the new stadium was to be outdoors and seat over 23,000 spectators, with an adjacent 10. This ensured that Idaho could not make the move to the PCAA, by the time Idaho finally did join the PCAA in 1996, the conference had changed its name to the Big West. The revised plan was for a smaller capacity football stadium, to be enclosed to allow use as a basketball arena and this multi-purpose concept had been recently used at Idaho State in Pocatello, where the Minidome had opened in 1970. Construction on the concrete grandstands started in February 1971, after a fire destroyed the previously condemned wooden Neale Stadium in November 1969, the stadium, which opened in 1937, had been condemned the summer before the 1969 season due to soil erosion beneath the grandstands. The Vandal football team played its home schedule for the next two seasons at WSUs Rogers Field in Pullman. The Vandals game with WSU on September 19 in Spokane was dubbed the Displaced Bowl, a lopsided 44–16 win for the Cougars, it was WSUs only victory in a stretch of 22 games. Back in Moscow, weather-related construction delays in the spring put the new Idaho Stadium a month behind schedule, the 1971 Vandals played their first two home games well away from campus, in Boise for the opener and Spokane two weeks later. Uncompleted, the stadium debuted on October 9 with a 40–3 victory over Idaho State before 14,200, the Vandals went 8–3 in 1971, which included a school-record eight-game winning streak, and won the Big Sky title. For its first four seasons, the stadium was outdoors and without lights, in the summer of 1972, a Tartan Turf field was installed over a four-inch asphalt bed, with a roll-up mechanism behind the west end zone. The one-piece field was the first in the world, in November 1974, approval was finally granted by the board of regents to enclose the stadium. The arched roof and vertical end walls were completed in time for the 1975 football seasons home opener on September 27, bill Kibbie, originally of Bellevue in Blaine County, was a UI student for less than a month in 1936 when he withdrew due to his fathers illness
6.
Moscow, Idaho
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Moscow is a city in northern Idaho along the state border with Washington, with a population of 23,800 at the 2010 census. It is the city in the Moscow, Idaho Micropolitan Statistical Area. The city contains over 60% of the population, and while the university is Moscows dominant employer. Along with the rest of northern Idaho, Moscow is in the Pacific Time Zone, major highways serving the city are US-95 and Highway 8, both of which are routed through central Moscow. Limited commercial air service is four miles west at the Pullman-Moscow Regional Airport, Main Street runs north-south through Moscow along the 117th meridian west. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 6.85 square miles. Moscow lies on the edge of the Palouse region of north central Idaho in the Columbia River Plateau. East of the city is a valley within the mountains of the Palouse Range to the northeast, the less prominent Paradise Ridge at 3,702 feet and Tomer Butte at 3,474 feet are southeast of the city. There is a variety of flora and fauna within the vicinity of Moscow, an amphibian, the Rough-skinned Newt, has a disjunctive population at Moscow, this species is found typically along the Pacific coast of the USA. The city sits at the boundary between the Palouse grasslands and wheat fields, and the forests of the Rocky Mountains to the east. Miners and farmers began arriving in the northern Idaho area after the Civil War, the first permanent settlers came to the Moscow area 146 years ago in 1871. The abundance of camas bulbs, a favorite fodder of pigs brought by the farmers, when the first US post office opened in 1872, the town was called Paradise Valley, but the name was changed to Moscow in 1875. The precise origin of the name Moscow has been disputed, there is no conclusive proof that it has any connection to the Russian city, though various accounts suggest it was purposely evocative of the Russian city or named by Russian immigrants. Another account claims that the name derives from a Native American tribe named Masco and it was reported by early settlers that five men in the area met to choose a proper name for the town, but could not come to agreement on a name. The postmaster Samuel Neff then completed the papers for the town. Interestingly, Neff was born in Moscow, Pennsylvania and later moved to Moscow, the business district was established by 1875 and the town was a center of commerce for the region. By 1890, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Companys rail line, copy of a letter from Northern Pacific Railway agent in Moscow, likely R. W. Morris, to C. E. Arney, the Northern Pacifics Western Immigration and Indian Agent in Spokane, Washington. Arney wrote all station agents in Idaho on May 12,1922, requesting the origin of the names of their stations for the NPs travel publication Wonderland, edited by Olin D. Wheeler
7.
Falcon Stadium
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Falcon Stadium is an outdoor football stadium in the western United States, located on the campus of the U. S. Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It is the field of the Air Force Falcons of the Mountain West Conference. From 1956 to 1961, Air Force played its games at various sites along the Front Range in Colorado. Most games were played in Denver at the University of Denvers stadium, but several were played in Colorado Springs, Pueblo, and CUs Folsom Field in Boulder. Planned in 1955, Falcon Stadium opened 55 years ago in 1962, at a cost of $3.5 million, the first game was on September 22, a 34–0 victory over Colorado State. It was officially dedicated four weeks later on October 20, with a ceremony which included the Thunderbirds, the U. S. Air Force Academy lies at the base of the Rampart Range of the Rocky Mountains, northwest of adjacent Colorado Springs. Built into a bowl about two miles southeast and 500 feet below the cadet area, Falcon Stadium is approximately a mile west of Interstate 25. The Walkup Skydome at FCS Northern Arizona in Flagstaff is also slightly higher, in Division II, the Mountaineer Bowl of Western State Colorado in Gunnison exceeds them all at 7,769 feet. Falcon Stadium had a grass field for its first 44 years. Prior to the 2006 season, synthetic FieldTurf was installed at a cost of $750,000, natural grass now makes up the perimeter of the FieldTurf surface. The stadium has expanded twice, and the 2005 renovation lowered the total seating capacity. Permanent lighting was installed in Falcon Stadium in 2002 at a cost of $500,000, a new sound system was also installed for the 2006 season. The scoreboard was removed after the 2015 season, and a new and this new board measures 312 tall by 828 wide, with a total surface area of more than 2500 sq. ft. When it was installed it was the largest in the Mountain West Conference, a second video board was also installed behind the northeast stands prior to the 2016 season. Air Force Academy Official Athletic Site Air Force Sports. com - Falcon Stadium - Fan Guide Sports-Venue. Info - Falcon Stadium information & photos
8.
Colorado Springs, Colorado
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Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of El Paso County, Colorado, United States. Colorado Springs is located in the east central portion of the state and it is situated on Fountain Creek and is located 60 miles south of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. At 6,035 feet the city stands over 1 mile above sea level, Colorado Springs is situated near the base of one of the most famous American mountains, Pikes Peak, rising above 14,000 feet on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains. The city is home to 24 national governing bodies of sport, the United States Olympic Committee and the United States Olympic Training Center. The city had an population of 456,568 in 2015, ranking as the second most populous city in the state of Colorado, behind Denver. The Colorado Springs, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an population of 712,327 in 2016. The city covers 194.9 square miles, making it the most extensive municipality in Colorado, Colorado Springs was ranked number five by U. S. News & World Report on the list of 2016 Best Places to Live in the USA. The Ute, Arapaho and Cheyenne peoples were the first to inhabit the area which would become Colorado Springs, part of the territory included in the United States 1803 Louisiana Purchase, the current city area was designated part of the 1854 Kansas Territory. In 1859, after the first local settlement was established, it part of the Jefferson Territory on October 24. Colorado City at the Front Range confluence of Fountain and Camp creeks was formally organized on August 13,1859 during the Pikes Peak Gold Rush. It served as the capital of the Colorado Territory from November 5,1861, until August 14,1862, in 1871 the Colorado Springs Company laid out the towns of La Font and Fountain Colony, upstream and downstream respectively, of Colorado City. Within a year, Fountain Colony would be renamed Colorado Springs, the El Paso County seat shifted from Colorado City in 1873 to the Town of Colorado Springs. On December 1,1880, Colorado Springs expanded northward with two annexations, the second period of annexations was during 1889–90, and included Seaveys Addition, West Colorado Springs, East End, and another North End addition. In 1891 the Broadmoor Land Company built the Broadmoor suburb, which included the Broadmoor Casino, and by December 12,1895, by 1898, the city was designated into quadrants by the north-south Cascade Avenue and the east-west Washington/Pikes Peak avenues. From 1899 to 1901 Tesla Experimental Station operated on Knob Hill, alexander Airport north of the city opened in 1925, and in 1927 the original Colorado Springs Municipal Airport land was purchased east of the city. In World War II the United States Army Air Forces leased land adjacent to the municipal airfield and this was only one of several military presences in and around Colorado Springs during the war. In November 1950, Ent Air Force Base was selected as the Cold War headquarters for Air Defense Command. The former WWII Army Air Base, Peterson Field, which had been inactivated at the end of the war, was re-opened in 1951 as a U. S. Air Force base
9.
Miami Orange Bowl
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The Miami Orange Bowl was an outdoor athletic stadium in Miami, west of downtown in Little Havana. Considered a landmark, it was the stadium for the Miami Hurricanes college football team. It also hosted the professional Miami Dolphins for their first 21 seasons, the stadium was the temporary home of the FIU Golden Panthers while its FIU Stadium underwent expansion during the 2007 season. From 1966 to 1968, and again in the 1970s, a dolphin was situated in a water tank in the open end of the Orange Bowl. He would jump in the tank to celebrate touchdowns and field goals, the tank that was set up in the 1970s was manufactured by Evan Bush and maintained during the games by Evan Bush and Dene Whitaker. Flipper was removed from the Orange Bowl after 1968 to save costs, the event was moved to Pro Player Stadium beginning on December 31,1996. In 1999, the game was hosted at the Orange Bowl for one final time due to a scheduling conflict. The minor league Miami Marlins baseball team played games in the Orange Bowl from 1956 to 1960. The stadium was on a block bounded by Northwest 3rd Street, Northwest 16th Avenue, Northwest 6th Street. The Orange Bowl was demolished in 2008 and the site is now occupied by Marlins Park, the stadium was built by the City of Miami Public Works Department. Construction began in 1936 and was completed in December 1937 and featured stadium lights, the stadium opened for Miami Hurricanes football on December 10,1937. From 1926 to 1937 the University of Miami played in a stadium near Tamiami Park, the Orange Bowl was originally named Burdine Stadium after Roddy Burdine, one of Miamis pioneers and the owner of the Burdines department store chain. It originally seated 23,739 people along the corresponding to the lower level of the sideline seats in the stadiums final configuration. Attendance for its first Orange Bowl in January 1938 was under 19,000, seating was added in the end zones in the 1940s, and by the end of the 1950s the stadium was double-decked on the sidelines. In 1966, the AFL expansion Miami Dolphins played their regular season game in the stadium on September 2. The west end zone upper deck section was added in the 1960s. On January 1,1965, the Orange Bowl Game was the first college game to be televised in prime time. In 1977, the permanent seats in the east end zone were removed, the city skyline was visible to the east through the open end, over the modern scoreboard and palm trees
10.
Miami, Florida
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Miami is a seaport city at the southeastern corner of the U. S. state of Florida and its Atlantic coast. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, Miamis metro area is the eighth-most populous, Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Groups inventory, in 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked 33rd among global cities, in 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami Americas Cleanest City, for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets, and citywide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality. Miami has the third tallest skyline in the U. S. with over 300 high-rises, Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the Cruise Capital of the World, has been the number one cruise port in the world. It accommodates some of the worlds largest cruise ships and operations, Metropolitan Miami is the major tourism hub in the American South, number two in the U. S. after New York City and number 13 in the world, including the popular destination of Miami Beach. The Miami area was inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous Native American tribes, the Tequestas occupied the area for a thousand years before encountering Europeans. An Indian village of hundreds of people dating to 500–600 B. C. was located at the mouth of the Miami River, in 1566 the explorer, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, claimed it for Spain. A Spanish mission was constructed one year later in 1567, Spain and Great Britain successively controlled Florida, and Spain ceded it to the United States in 1821. In 1836, the US built Fort Dallas as part of its development of the Florida Territory and attempt to suppress, the Miami area subsequently became a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. Miami is noted as the major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle, a local citrus grower. The Miami area was known as Biscayne Bay Country in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness, the area was also characterized as one of the finest building sites in Florida. The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miamis growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region
11.
Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football
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The Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team represents the University of Hawaii at Manoa in NCAA Division I FBS college football. On November 27,2015, Nick Rolovich was hired as the new football coach at the University of Hawaii replacing Norm Chow. It was part of the Western Athletic Conference until July 2012, the Hawaiʻi Warriors were the third team from a non automatic qualifier conference to play in a BCS bowl game. They played Georgia in the Sugar Bowl on January 1,2008 in New Orleans,1909 - The College of Hawaii Fighting Deans played and won its game against McKinley High School by a score of 95–5 at Punahou School. 1920 - The College of Hawaii becomes the University of Hawaiʻi,1922 - Hawaiʻi defeats its first collegiate opponent, beating Pomona 25–6 on Christmas Day. 1923 - A rainbow appears over Moiliili Field after Hawaiʻi upsets Oregon State, local reporters begin calling UH athletic teams the Rainbows. 1924–25 - The Rainbows, under the guidance of coach Otto Klum, the Rainbows outscore their opponents 606–29 in 18 games. Among the schools defeated during this time are Colorado, Colorado State and these Rainbow teams become known as the Wonder Teams due to their outstanding play. 1926 - The Rainbows play their first game at their newly constructed home field, the Rainbows fall to the Town Team by a score of 14–7 in front of 12,000 fans on Armistice Day. 1935 - Rainbow running back and future coach Thomas Kaulukukui becomes Hawaiʻis first All-American player, Kaulukukui starred on Hawaiʻis 1934 undefeated team and set a school record in 1935 with a 103-yard kick return touchdown during a 19–6 loss to UCLA in Los Angeles. Kaulukukuis number 32 is later retired by the University and remains the number to be retired in Hawaiiʻin football history. 1942 - Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States entry into World War II, Hawaiʻi cancels the 1942,1943,1944,1946 - Hawaiʻi resumes football play after a four-year hiatus as a member of the NCAA. Hawaiʻi enters as a College Division Independent, the Rainbows continue to play local teams on occasion but the bulk of their schedules are made up of collegiate teams. 1955 - A year after suffering a 50–0 blowout loss to Nebraska in Honolulu, the win is considered one of the schools all-time biggest upsets. 1961 - The UH Board of Athletic Control votes to abolish the program due to a lack of finances. Legendary coach Clark Shaughnessy takes over for one season but the Rainbows flounder through a 1-8-1 season,1966 - Phil Sarboe, after 15 seasons as head coach at Humboldt State, guides the team to a 4–6 record playing its first all-collegiate schedule. He resigns for personal reasons after the season,1967 - Don King, an assistant under Sarboe, becomes head coach and the much-improved Rainbows post a 6–4 record. Significantly, large flock to Honolulu Stadium to watch the Rainbows for the first time in many years
12.
Angel Stadium
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Angel Stadium of Anaheim, originally known as Anaheim Stadium and later Edison International Field of Anaheim, is a modern-style ballpark located in Anaheim, California. The stadium is referred to by its unofficial nickname The Big A. It is the fourth-oldest active Major League Baseball stadium, behind Fenway Park, Wrigley Field and it hosted the 1967,1989, and 2010 Major League Baseball All-Star Games. Located near the boundary of the parking lot is the landmark Big A sign and electronic marquee. The halo located near the top of the 230 tall, 210-ton sign is illuminated following games in which the Angels win, which gives rise to the fan expression, Light up the Halo. The station provides convenient access to the stadium, the nearby Honda Center, and Disneyland from various communities along the route, which links San Luis Obispo, Los Angeles, and San Diego. The Anaheim Resort Transit stops at the center along with Orange County Transportation Authority buses. and 2 to 3 AMA Supercross Championship races a year, the stadium also houses the studios and offices of the Angels owned and operated flagship radio station, KLAA. Angel Stadium has been the home of the Angels since their move from Los Angeles, on August 31,1964, ground was broken for Anaheim Stadium and in 1966, the then-California Angels moved into their new home after having spent four seasons renting Dodger Stadium from the Dodgers. The stadium was built on a parcel of about 160 acres of land originally used for agricultural purposes by the Allec, Russell. Consistent with many sports stadiums built in the 1960s, it is located in a suburban area. The field dimensions were derived from a study conducted by the Angels. Based on the air density at normal times, the Angels tried to formulate dimensions that were fairly balanced between pitcher, hitter and average weather conditions. The Angels tinkered with those dimensions several times, expanding or contracting parts of the outfield by a few here and there. One of the no-hitters, on June 1,1975, was his fourth, the Coliseum seated almost 100,000 people, and the Rams had trouble filling it even in their best years. Rosenbloom brokered a deal by which the Rams would move from Los Angeles to an expanded Anaheim Stadium, to add more seats for football games, the mezzanine and upper decks were extended completely around the playing field, resulting in a roughly trapezoidal, completely enclosed stadium. An elevated bank of bleachers was built in right field, and temporary seats were placed underneath, another bank of bleachers was built in left field. As a result, the view of the mountains and State Highway 57 was lost. A black and white scoreboard/instant replay video board was installed above the newly constructed upper deck seats in left field, a triangular metal spire was added to the top of the Jumbotron to evoke the original emplacement of the Big A
13.
Anaheim, California
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Anaheim is a city in Orange County, California, part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 336,265, making it the most populous city in Orange County, Anaheim remained largely a rural community until Disneyland opened in the city in 1955. This led to the construction of hotels and motels around the area. The city also developed into a center, producing electronics, aircraft parts. Anaheims city limits extend from Cypress in the west to the Riverside County line in the east and encompass a diverse collection of neighborhoods, Anaheim Hills is a master-planned community located in the citys eastern stretches that is home to many of the citys affluent. Downtown Anaheim has three historic districts, the largest of which is the Anaheim Colony. The Anaheim Resort, a district, includes Disneyland, Disney California Adventure. The Platinum Triangle, a redevelopment district surrounding Angel Stadium, is planned to be populated with mixed-use streets. Finally, Anaheim Canyon is a district north of California State Route 91. Anaheims name is a blend of Ana, after the nearby Santa Ana River, and heim, the city of Anaheim was founded in 1857 by 50 German-Americans who were residents of San Francisco and whose families had originated in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Franconia in Bavaria. For $750 a share, the formed the Anaheim Vineyard Company. Their new community was named Annaheim, meaning home by the Santa Anna River in German, the name later was altered to Anaheim. To the Spanish-speaking neighbors, the settlement was known as Campo Alemán, although grape and wine-making was their primary objective, the majority of the 50 settlers were mechanics, carpenters and craftsmen with no experience in wine-making. The community set aside 40 acres for a center and a school was the first building erected there. The first home was built in 1857, the Anaheim Gazette newspaper was established in 1870, for 25 years, the area was the largest wine producer in California. However, in 1884, a disease infected the grape vines, other crops – walnuts, lemons and oranges – soon filled the void. Fruits and vegetables had become viable cash crops when the Los Angeles – Orange County region was connected to the railroad network in 1887. The famous Polish actress Helena Modjeska settled in Anaheim with her husband and various friends, among them Henryk Sienkiewicz, Julian Sypniewski, while living in Anaheim, Helena Modjeska became good friends with Clementine Langenberger, the second wife of August Langenberger
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CEFCU Stadium
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CEFCU Stadium is an outdoor athletic stadium in the western United States, located in San Jose, California. Owned by San José State University, the venue is the home of Spartan football. The stadium also hosts high school football games, and the university commencement ceremony every year on Memorial Day weekend. Known as Spartan Stadium for over eight decades, it was renamed in 2016, CEFCU Stadium was the home of the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer from the leagues inception in 1996 through the 2005 season. Soccer Bowl 75 was also held at Spartan Stadium, during the winter and spring of 2009, the stadiums natural turf was removed and replaced with FieldTurf, a new generation of artificial turf with a crumb rubber and sand infill. This improvement has resulted in significant savings to the university in water use, fertilizer and this project was completed in time for the May 2009 commencement ceremony. The stadium also received significant upgrades to the scoreboard and sound system in 2011 and this included installation of a high-definition video board by Daktronics at the south end of the stadium. Originally built in 1933 as a 4, 000-seat facility, CEFCU Stadium has been renovated and expanded over the years to its present seating capacity of 30,456. The most recent additions came in the late 1980s when the capacity of the stadium was expanded from 18,000 to approximately 33,000 by adding boxes and an upper deck on the west side. In the early 2000s, renovations were carried out for the San Jose Earthquakes in order to make the field enough for a FIFA regulation size field. As a result of renovations, parts of the stands closest to the playing field were removed. The maximum capacity for MLS games is 26,525, CEFCU Stadium has hosted numerous FIFA events. Most notably the stadium was used as one of the venues for the 1999 Womens World Cup, the stadium also hosts the commencement ceremonies of San José State University every spring, as well as musical concerts throughout the year. CEFCU Stadium is only one block from San Jose Municipal Stadium, home of the San Jose Giants, the now defunct NCAA Silicon Valley Football Classic bowl game was held at CEFCU Stadium from 2000 to 2004. A CEFCU Stadium north end zone building addition is currently in the planning stages and will cost approximately $40 million. The 61,000 GSF facility will house sports medicine and athletic training space, a team locker room, football coaching staff offices, meeting rooms, a hall of fame. The facility will serve the day-to-day operations of the athletics department and it will be located at the South Campus site, north of CEFCU Stadium. In August 2016, Citizens Equity First Credit Union purchased naming rights to Spartan Stadium for $8.7 million, the deal between CEFCU and San José State University will last for 15 years
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San Jose, California
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San Jose, officially the City of San José, is the economic, cultural, and political center of Silicon Valley and the largest city in Northern California. With an estimated 2015 population of 1,026,908, it is the third most populous city in California and the tenth most populous in United States. Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley, on the shore of San Francisco Bay. San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County, the most affluent county in California. San Jose is the largest city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area, which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively. Before the arrival of the Spanish, the area around San Jose was inhabited by the Ohlone people, San Jose was founded on November 29,1777, as the Pueblo of San José de Guadalupe, the first civilian town founded in Spanish Alta California. When California gained statehood in 1850, San Jose became the states first capital, following World War II, San Jose experienced an economic boom, with a rapid population growth and aggressive annexation of nearby cities and communities carried out in the 1950s and 60s. The rapid growth of the high-technology and electronics industries further accelerated the transition from a center to an urbanized metropolitan area. Results of the 1990 U. S. Census indicated that San Jose had officially surpassed San Francisco as the most populous city in Northern California, by the 1990s, San Jose and the rest of Silicon Valley had become the global center for the high tech and internet industries. San Jose is considered to be a city, notable for its affluence. San Joses location within the high tech industry, as a cultural, political. San Jose is one of the wealthiest major cities in the United States and the world, and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world, according to the Brookings Institute. Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems, eBay, Adobe Systems, PayPal, Brocade, Samsung, Acer, Prior to European settlement, the area was inhabited by several groups of Ohlone Native Americans. The first lasting European presence began with a series of Franciscan missions established from 1769 by Junípero Serra, San Jose came under Mexican rule in 1821 after Mexico broke with the Spanish crown. It then became part of the United States, after it capitulated in 1846, on March 27,1850, San Jose became the second incorporated city in the state, with Josiah Belden its first mayor. San Jose was Californias first state capital, and hosted the first, today the Circle of Palms Plaza in downtown is the historical marker for the first state capital. The city was a station on the Butterfield Overland Mail route, in the period 1900 through 1910, San Jose served as a center for pioneering invention, innovation, and impact in both lighter-than-air and heavier-than-air flight. These activities were led principally by John Montgomery and his peers, the City of San Jose has established Montgomery Park, a Monument at San Felipe and Yerba Buena Roads, and John J. Montgomery Elementary School in his honor
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California State University, Fresno
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California State University, Fresno is a public research university and one of 23 campuses within the California State University system. The city of Fresno is the fifth largest city in California, the university is within an hours drive of many mountain and lake resorts and within a three-hour drive of both Los Angeles and San Francisco. The university has a Fall 2016 enrollment of 24,405 students and it offers bachelors degrees in 60 areas of study,45 masters degrees,3 doctoral degrees,12 certificates of advanced study, and 2 different teaching credentials. The universitys unique facilities include a planetarium, on-campus raisin and wine grape vineyards, and a commercial winery. Members of Fresno States nationally ranked Top 10 Equestrian Team have the option of housing their horses on campus, Fresno State has a 50, 000-square-foot Student Recreation Center and the third-largest library, in terms of square footage, in the California State University system. Fresno State was founded as the Fresno State Normal School in 1911 with Charles Lourie McLane as its first president, the original campus was what is now Fresno City College. In 1956, Fresno State moved its campus to its present location in the northeast part of the city and it became Fresno State College in 1949, when it was authorized to grant bachelors degrees. It became an institution of the California State University System in 1961. In 1972 the name was changed to California State University. The greater campus extends from Bulldog Stadium on the west boundary to the Save Mart Center and, Maya Theater, Campus Pointe, vineyards and orchards designate the northern boundary of the campus, while Shaw Avenue designates the southern edge. The 388 acres main campus features more than 46 traditional and modern buildings and it is considered one of the most modern and best equipped agricultural facilities in the West. Fresno State was officially designated as an arboretum in 1979 and now has more than 4,000 trees on campus, Fresno State operates the first university-based commercial winery in the United States. The Henry Madden Library is a resource for recorded knowledge and information supporting the teaching, research. Because of its size and depth, it is an important community and regional resource, the library recently underwent a $105 million renovation that was completed February 2009. The library held its opening on February 19,2009 and is now home to a variety of book collections. The library houses 1,000,000 books in its 327,920 sq ft, the library is home to the largest installation of compact shelving on any single floor in the United States. The shelves amount to over 20 miles in length and it is currently the third largest library in the CSU system, and among the top ten largest in the CSU system based on the number of volumes. It also is the largest academic building on the Fresno State campus, the five-story building features seating areas for almost 4,000 people, group study rooms, wireless access and a Starbucks
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California State University, Long Beach
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As of Fall 2014, the school had 2,283 total faculty, with 36.7 percent of those faculty on the tenure track. With 5,286 graduate students, the university one of the largest graduate student populations across the CSU. The university is located in the Los Altos neighborhood of Long Beach at the coastal tip of Los Angeles County. The university offers 82 different Bachelors degrees,65 types of Masters degrees, four Doctoral degrees. Long Beach State is one of the West Coasts top universities in terms of student body racial diversity and it is also home to the largest publicly funded art school west of the Mississippi. The university currently operates one of the lowest student fees in the country at $6,738 per year for full-time students having California residence. CSULB has been recognized as one of Americas Best Value Colleges by the Princeton Review, the College was established in 1949 by California Governor Earl Warren, to serve the rapidly expanding post-World War II population of Orange and Southern Los Angeles counties. Since then, CSULB has grown to one of the states largest universities. The institution was first named as Los Angeles-Orange County State College, peter Victor Peterson was its first president. It offered 25 courses, taught by 13 faculty members, in two apartment buildings at 5381 Anaheim Road in Long Beach. In June 1950, the citizens of Long Beach voted overwhelmingly to purchase 322 acres as a permanent campus for the college, the purchase price was nearly $1,000,000. Student enrollment grew rapidly in new, permanent location. Carl W. McIntosh was named the second president in 1959. While McIntosh was president, the school grew tremendously, enrollment surged from about 10,000 to more than 30,000, and he rapidly expanded and revamped the curriculum. McIntosh tripled the number of faculty and constructed 30 new buildings, in 1964, LBSC changed its name to California State College at Long Beach. In 1967, the California state legislature revamped the state college system and it changed its name in 1968 to California State College, Long Beach, as part of these changes and began to be much more closely integrated into the California State College system. In 1965, CSCLB hosted the first International Sculpture Symposium to be held in the United States, six sculptors from abroad and two from the United States created many of the monumental sculptures present on the campus. The event received media attention from newspapers around the country, including The New York Times, Los Angeles Times Magazine, Art in America
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University of Louisiana at Monroe
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The University of Louisiana at Monroe is a coeducational public university in Monroe, Louisiana, United States and part of the University of Louisiana System. ULM opened in 1931 as Ouachita Parish Junior College, three years later it became the Northeast Center of Louisiana State University. In 1936 and 1937, its dean was Stephen A. Caldwell and its name changed again in 1949, to Northeast Junior College of Louisiana State University. A year later, it became an autonomous institution as Northeast Louisiana State College. In 1969, it granted doctoral degrees for the first time and was elevated to university status as Northeast Louisiana University, much growth occurred during the administration of president George T. Walker from 1958 to 1976. Under Walker, enrollment increased from 2,100 to 9,700, NLU became the largest university in North Louisiana in terms of enrollment and state appropriations. In 1999, NLU was renamed to its present name, a 2002 Reclaim Our Campus effort targeted recovery from financial and auditing difficulties. In 2010, James Erwin Cofer Sr. left the ULM presidency after eight years to head Missouri State University in Springfield and he was succeeded by Nick Bruno as the eighth president of ULM. Kitty DeGree, a Monroe real estate developer, was the largest single donor to ULM in the last decade of her life, the school of nursing is named in her honor. The College of Business and Social Sciences seeks to prepare students for productive careers, the college benefits students, businesses and the community through research and service. ULM offers AACSB accredited undergraduate and graduate MBA degree programs, U. S. News & World Report has ranked ULM’s Master of Business Administration degree as the number 57 program in the nation – up 30 spots from the 2014 ranking of 87. The English department publishes Turnrow, a journal of short fiction, poetry, visual art. A doctoral program in marriage and family therapy was approved by the Louisiana Board of Regents, established in 1956, the College of Pharmacy is accredited by the American Council on Pharmacy Education, including one of seven Toxicology programs in the U. S. In 2007, the College of Pharmacy moved from the campus to the off-campus building. There are satellite campuses in Shreveport and Baton Rouge, the College of Pharmacy at ULM is Louisianas only publicly supported comprehensive center for pharmaceutical education, research, and service. The College includes several modern specialized instructional and health facilities and numerous affiliated off-campus teaching hospitals. ULM is home to the Emy-Lou Biedenharn Recital Hall, named for the singer and daughter of the Coca-Cola entrepreneur Joseph A. Biedenharn. The universitys Natural History Museum is home to the 6-million-specimen Neil Douglas fish collection, U. S. ULM joined the Sun Belt Conference for all sports on July 1,2006 after playing in the Southland Conference in all sports except football
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Ancestry.com
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Ancestry. com LLC is a privately held Internet company based in Lehi, Utah, United States. The largest for-profit genealogy company in the world, it operates a network of genealogical and historical record websites focused on the United States, as of June 2014, the company provided access to approximately 16 billion historical records and had over 2 million paying subscribers. User-generated content tallies to more than 70 million family trees, and subscribers have added more than 200 million photographs, scanned documents, and written stories. Ancestrys brands include Ancestry, AncestryDNA, AncestryHealth, AncestryProGenealogists, Archives. com, Family Tree Maker, Find a Grave, Fold3, Newspapers. com, and Rootsweb. Under its subsidiaries, Ancestry. com operates foreign sites that provide access to services and these include Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Brazil, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and several other countries in Europe and Asia. In 1990, Paul B. Allen and Dan Taggart, two Brigham Young University graduates, founded Infobases and began offering Latter-day Saints publications on floppy disks, in 1988, Allen had worked at Folio Corporation, founded by his brother Curt and his brother-in-law Brad Pelo. Infobases chose to use the Folio infobase technology, which Allen was familiar with, Infobases first products were floppy disks and compact disks sold from the back seat of the founders car. In 1994, Infobases was named among Inc. magazines 500 fastest-growing companies and their first offering on CD was the LDS Collectors Edition, released in April 1995, selling for $299.95, which was offered in an online version in August 1995. Ancestry officially went online with the launched Ancestry. com in 1996, with its roots as a genealogy newsletter started in 1983 by John Sittner, and became an established publishing company in 1984. Ancestry was relaunched as a magazine in January 1994, and went online in 1996, on January 1,1997, Infobases parent company, Western Standard Publishing, purchased Ancestry, Inc. publisher of Ancestry magazine and genealogy books. Western Standard Publishings CEO was Joe Cannon, one of the owners of Geneva Steel. In July 1997, Allen and Taggart purchased Western Standards interest in Ancestry, at the time, Brad Pelo was president and CEO of Infobases, and president of Western Standard. Less than six months earlier, he had been president of Folio Corporation, in March 1997, Folio was sold to Open Market for $45 million. The first public evidence of the change in ownership of Ancestry Magazine came with the July/August 1997 issue and that issues masthead also included the first use of the Ancestry. com web address. More growth for Infobases occurred in July 1997, when Ancestry, Inc. purchased Bookcraft, Infobases had published many of Bookcrafts books as part of its LDS Collectors Library. Pelo also announced that Ancestrys product line would be expanded in both CDs and online. Alan Ashton, an investor in Infobases and founder of WordPerfect, was its chairman of the board. Allen and Taggart began running Ancestry, Inc. independently from Infobases in July 1997, included in the sale were the rights to Infobases LDS Collectors Library on CD
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Open access
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Open access refers to online research outputs that are free of all restrictions on access and free of many restrictions on use. These additional usage rights are granted through the use of various specific Creative Commons licenses. There are multiple ways authors can provide access to their work. One way is to publish it and then self-archive it in a repository where it can be accessed for free, such as their institutional repository and this is known as green open access. Some publishers require delays, or an embargo, on when an output in a repository may be made open access. Several initiatives provide an alternative to the American and English language dominance of existing publication indexing systems, including Index Copernicus, SciELO and Redalyc. A second way authors can make their work open access is by publishing it in such a way that makes their research output immediately available from the publisher. This is known as open access, and within the sciences this often takes the form of publishing an article in either an open access journal. Pure open access journals do not charge fees, and may have one of a variety of business models. Many, however, do charge an article processing fee, widespread public access to the World Wide Web in the late 1990s and early 2000s fueled the open access movement, and prompted both the green open access way and the creation of open access journals. Conventional non-open access journals cover publishing costs through access tolls such as subscriptions, some non-open access journals provide open access after an embargo period of 6–12 months or longer. The Budapest statement defined open access as follows, There are many degrees, despite these statements emerging in the 2000s, the idea and practise of providing free online access to journal articles began at least a decade before the term open access was formally coined. Computer scientists had been self-archiving in anonymous ftp archives since the 1970s, the Subversive Proposal to generalize the practice was posted in 1994. Gratis OA refers to online access, and libre OA refers to free online access plus some additional re-use rights. The Budapest, Bethesda, and Berlin definitions had corresponded only to libre OA, the re-use rights of libre OA are often specified by various specific Creative Commons licenses, these almost all require attribution of authorship to the original authors. Open access itself began to be sought and provided worldwide by researchers when the possibility itself was opened by the advent of Internet, the momentum was further increased by a growing movement for academic journal publishing reform, and with it gold and libre OA. Electronic publishing created new benefits as compared to paper publishing but beyond that, rather than applying traditional notions of copyright to academic publications, they could be libre or free to build upon. The intended audience of research articles is usually other researchers, Open access helps researchers as readers by opening up access to articles that their libraries do not subscribe to
