1980
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
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1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1980th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 980th year of the 2nd millennium, the 80th year of the 20th century, and the 1st year of the 1980s decade.
Contents
Events[edit]
January[edit]
- January 1 – Changes to the Swedish Act of Succession make Princess Victoria of Sweden first in line to the throne ("heir apparent") and therefore Crown Princess, ahead of her younger brother.
- January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission.
- January 6
- Global Positioning System time epoch begins at 00:00 UTC.
- The president of Sicily, Piersanti Mattarella, is killed by the Mafia.
- January 7 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter authorizes legislation giving $1.5 billion in loans to bail out the Chrysler Corporation.
- January 9 – In Saudi Arabia, 63 Islamist insurgents are beheaded for their part in the siege of the Great Mosque in Mecca in November, 1979.
- January 11 – Nigel Short, 14, becomes the youngest chess player to be awarded the degree of International Master.
- January 20 – The Pittsburgh Steelers win their fourth National Football League championship in six seasons, defeating the Los Angeles Rams 31–19 in Super Bowl XIV at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. The game was shown to the Americans held hostage in Iran
- January 21
- The London Gold Fixing hits its highest price ever (adjusted for inflation), at US$850 a troy ounce.[clarification needed]
- MS Athina B is beached at Brighton (England), becoming a temporary tourist attraction.
- At least 200 people are killed when the Corralejas Bullring collapses at Sincelejo, Colombia.
- January 22 – Andrei Sakharov, Soviet scientist and human rights activist, is arrested in Moscow.
- January 24 – The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad is ordered liquidated due to bankruptcy and debt owed to creditors.
- January 26 – Israel and Egypt establish diplomatic relations.[1]
- January 27 – Canadian Caper: Six United States diplomats, posing as Canadians, manage to escape from Tehran, Iran, as they board a flight to Zürich, Switzerland, on Swissair.
- January 29 – The Rubik's cube makes its international debut at The British Toy and Hobby Fair, Earl's Court, London.[2]
- January 31 – Burning of the Spanish Embassy: The Spanish Embassy in Guatemala is invaded and set on fire, killing 36 people. It is called "Spain's own Tehran", similar to the 1979–80 Iran American crisis.
February[edit]
- February 2 – Abscam: FBI personnel target members of the Congress of the United States in a sting operation.[3]
- February 2 – 3 – The New Mexico State Penitentiary riot takes place; 33 inmates are killed and more than 100 inmates injured.
- February 4 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini names Abolhassan Banisadr as president of Iran.
- February 13 – The 1980 Winter Olympics open in Lake Placid, New York.
- February 15 – In Vanuatu, followers of John Frum's cargo cult on the island of Tanna declare secession as the nation of Tafea.
- February 16 – A total solar eclipse is seen in North Africa and West Asia.
- February 19 – AC/DC frontman Bon Scott dies after a night of heavy drinking in London.
- February 22 – The United States Olympic Hockey Team defeats the Soviet Union in the semifinals of the Winter Olympics, in the Miracle on Ice.
- February 23 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini states that Iran's parliament will decide the fate of the American embassy hostages.
- February 25 – A coup in Suriname ousts the government of Henck Arron; leaders Dési Bouterse and Roy Horb replace it with a National Military Council.
- February 27 – M-19 guerrillas begin the Dominican embassy siege in Colombia, holding 60 people hostage, including 14 ambassadors.
March[edit]
- March 1
- The Commonwealth Trade Union Council is established.
- The Voyager 1 probe confirms the existence of Janus, a moon of Saturn.
- March 3
- Pierre Trudeau returns to office as Prime Minister of Canada.
- The Audi Quattro, a four-wheel drive sporting coupe, is launched in West Germany.[4]
- March 4 – Robert Mugabe is elected Prime Minister of Zimbabwe.
- March 8 – The Soviet Union's first rock music festival starts.
- March 14 – LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007 crashes during an emergency landing near Warsaw, Poland, killing a 14-man American boxing team and 73 others.
- March 18 – Fifty people are killed at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia, when a Vostok-2M rocket explodes on its launch pad during a fueling operation.
- March 19 – 20 – The MV Mi Amigo, the ship housing pirate radio station Radio Caroline, sinks off the English coast (the station returns aboard a new ship in 1983).
- March 21
- U.S. President Jimmy Carter announces that the United States will boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the Soviet invasion of Afganistan.
- Mafioso Angelo Bruno is murdered in Philadelphia.
- March 22 – The Georgia Guidestones are erected in Elbert County, Georgia.
- March 24 – Archbishop Óscar Romero is killed by gunmen while celebrating Mass in San Salvador.
- March 26 – A mine lift cage at the Vaal Reefs gold mine in South Africa falls 1.2 miles (1.9 kilometers), killing 23.
- March 27
- The Norwegian oil platform Alexander L. Kielland collapses in the North Sea, killing 123 of its crew of 212.
- The Silver Thursday market crash occurs in the United States.
- March 28 – Talpiot Tomb is found in Jerusalem.
- March 31 – Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad operates its final train.
April[edit]
- April 1
- The Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) is formed in Lusaka, Zambia.
- The Mariel boatlift from Cuba begins.
- New York City's Transport Works Union Local 100 goes on strike, which continues for 11 days.
- The 1980 United States Census begins. There are 226,545,805 United States residents on this day.
- April 2 – The St Pauls riot breaks out in Bristol.
- April 7 – The United States severs diplomatic relations with Iran and imposes economic sanctions, following the taking of American hostages on November 4, 1979.
- April 10 – In Lisbon, Portugal, the governments of Spain and the United Kingdom agree to reopen the border between Gibraltar and Spain in 1985, closed since 1969.
- April 12
- Samuel Kanyon Doe takes over Liberia in a coup d'état, ending over 130 years of democratic presidential succession in that country.
- Terry Fox begins his Marathon of Hope from St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada.
- April 14 – Iron Maiden's debut self-titled album Iron Maiden is released in the U.K.
- April 18 – Zimbabwe gains de jure independence from the United Kingdom; Robert Mugabe becomes Prime Minister.
- April 21 – Rosie Ruiz wins the Boston Marathon, but is later exposed as a fraud and stripped of her award.
- April 24 – Pennsylvania Lottery Scandal: the Pennsylvania Lottery is rigged by 6 men including the host of the live TV drawing, Nick Perry.
- April 24 – 25 – Operation Eagle Claw, a commando mission in Iran to rescue American embassy hostages, is aborted after mechanical problems ground the rescue helicopters. Eight United States troops are killed in a mid-air collision during the failed operation.
- April 25 – Dan-Air Flight 1008 crashes in Tenerife, killing all 146 occupants and marking the worst air disaster involving a British-registered aircraft in terms of loss of life.
- April 26 – Louise and Charmian Faulkner disappear from outside their flat in St Kilda, Victoria, Australia.
- April 27 – The Dominican embassy siege ends with all hostages released and the guerrillas flying to Cuba.
- April 30
- Iranian Embassy siege: Six Iranian-born terrorists take over the Iranian embassy in London, England. SAS retakes the Embassy on May 5; 1 terrorist survives.
- Queen Juliana of the Netherlands abdicates and her daughter Beatrix accedes to the throne.
May[edit]
- May 1 – "About that Urban Renaissance...", an article by journalist Dan Rottenberg in Chicago, contains the first recorded use of the word "yuppie".[5]
- May 2 – Referendum on system of government held in Nepal.
- May 4 – Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito dies. The largest state funeral in history is organized, with state delegations from 128 different countries out of 154 UNO members at the time.
- May 7 – Paul Geidel, convicted of second-degree murder in 1911, is released from prison in Beacon, New York, after 68 years and 245 days (the longest-ever time served by an inmate).
- May 8 – Global eradication of smallpox certified by the World Health Organization.
- May 9
- In Florida, the Liberian freighter Summit Venture hits the Sunshine Skyway Bridge over Tampa Bay. A 1,400-foot section of the bridge collapses and 35 people (most in a bus) are killed.
- The Norco shootout takes place in California.
- James Alexander George Smith "Jags" McCartney the Turks and Caicos Islands’ first Chief Minister, is killed in a plane crash over New Jersey.
- May 11 – American mobster Henry Hill is arrested for drug possession.
- May 16 – Rookie Magic Johnson scores 42 points to lead the Los Angeles Lakers to a 123–107 victory over the Philadelphia 76ers to clinch the National Basketball Association championship for the Lakers, who prevail despite the absence of future Basketball Hall of Fame center Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.
- May 17
- A Tampa, Florida court acquits 4 white police officers of killing Arthur McDuffie, a black insurance executive, provoking 3 days of race riots in Miami.
- Internal conflict in Peru: On the eve of presidential elections, Maoist guerrilla group Shining Path attacks a polling location in the town of Chuschi, Ayacucho.
- May 18
- The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano in Washington (state) kills 57 and causes US$3 billion in damage.
- Ian Curtis, singer-songwriter of acclaimed English post-punk band Joy Division, is found hanged.
- May 18 – 27 – Gwangju Uprising: Students in Gwangju, South Korea begin demonstrations, calling for democratic reforms.
- May 20 – 1980 Quebec referendum: Voters in Quebec reject by a vote of 60% a proposal to seek independence from Canada.
- May 21 – The Empire Strikes Back is released in the United States.
- May 22 – Pac-Man, the best-selling arcade game of all time, is released in Japan.
- May 24
- The International Court of Justice calls for the release of U.S. Embassy hostages in Tehran.
- The New York Islanders win their first Stanley Cup, from a goal by Bobby Nystrom in game six overtime of the 1980 Stanley Cup Finals over the Philadelphia Flyers.
- May 25 – Indianapolis 500: Johnny Rutherford wins for a third time in car owner Jim Hall's revolutionary ground effect Chaparral car; the victory is Hall's second as an owner.
- May 26
- John Frum supporters in Vanuatu storm government offices on the island of Tanna. Vanuatu government troops land the next day and drive them away.
- In South Korea, military government forces and pro-democracy protesters clash; 2,000 protesters die.
- Vernon Jordan is shot and critically injured in an assassination attempt in Fort Wayne, Indiana, by Joseph Paul Franklin (the first major news story for CNN).
- May 28 – A fiery bus crash near the small village of Webb, Saskatchewan, claims 22 lives.[6]
June[edit]
- June 1 – The first 24-hour news channel, Cable News Network (CNN) is launched.
- June 3 – 1980 Grand Island tornado outbreak: A series of deadly tornadoes strikes Grand Island, Nebraska, causing over $300m in damage, killing 5 people and injuring over 250.
- June 9 – In Los Angeles, comedian Richard Pryor is badly burned trying to freebase cocaine.
- June 10
- Apartheid: The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a statement by their imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela.[7]
- A Unabomber bomb injures United Airlines president Percy Wood in Lake Forest, Illinois.
- June 20 – Augusta AVA becomes the first federally recognized American Viticultural Area.
- June 23 – September 6 – The 1980 United States heat wave claims 1,700 lives.
- June 23 – Tim Berners-Lee begins work on ENQUIRE,[8] the system that will eventually lead to the creation of the World Wide Web in fall 1990.
- June 25 – A Muslim Brotherhood assassination attempt against Syrian president Hafez al-Assad fails. Assad retaliates by sending the army against them.
- June 26 – Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870 crashes into the sea near Palermo after an explosion occurs in the air; 81 people die. A bomb or a missile is suspected to be the cause of the accident but no culprits are ever found.
- June 27 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs Proclamation 4771, requiring 18- to 25-year-old males to register for a peacetime military draft, in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
- June 29 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir is elected President of Iceland making her the first woman democratically elected as head of state.
July[edit]
- July 8 – A wave of strikes begins in Lublin, Poland.
- July 9 – Pope John Paul II visits Brazil; seven people are crushed to death in a crowd meeting him.
- July 15 – Western Wisconsin Derecho: A severe and destructive thunderstorm strikes four counties in western Wisconsin, including the city of Eau Claire. It causes over $250 million in damage and one person is killed.
- July 16 – Former California Governor and actor Ronald Reagan is nominated for U.S. President, at the 1980 Republican National Convention in Detroit. Influenced by the Religious Right, the convention also drops its long-standing support for the Equal Rights Amendment, dismaying moderate Republicans.
- July 19 – Former Turkish Prime Minister Nihat Erim is killed by two gunmen in Istanbul, Turkey.
- July 19 – August 3 – The 1980 Summer Olympics are held in Moscow, Soviet Union. 82 countries boycot the Games, athletes from 16 of them participate under a neutral flag.
- July 25 – The album Back in Black is released by the Australian band AC/DC.
- July 27 – Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, deposed Shah of Iran, dies in Cairo.
- July 30
- Vanuatu gains independence.
- Israel's Knesset passes the Jerusalem Law.
- July 31 – China's population hits one billion people.
August[edit]
- August 2 – Strage di Bologna: A terrorist bombing at the Bologna Centrale railway station in Italy kills 85 people and wounds more than 200.
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- August 7 – 31 – Lech Wałęsa leads the first of many strikes at the Gdańsk Shipyard in the Polish People's Republic.
- August 10 – Hurricane Allen (category 3) pounds southeastern Texas.
- August 14 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter defeats Senator Edward Kennedy to win renomination, at the 1980 Democratic National Convention in New York City.
- August 14 – Dorothy Stratten, the 1980 Playboy Playmate of the Year, is murdered by estranged husband Paul Leslie Snider, who subsequently commits suicide.
- August 17 – In Australia, baby Azaria Chamberlain disappears from a campsite at Ayers Rock (Uluru), reportedly taken by a dingo.
- August 19 – In one of aviation's worst disasters, 301 people are killed when Saudia Flight 163 catches fire in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- August 31 – Victory of the strike in Gdańsk Shipyard, Poland. The Gdańsk Agreement is signed, opening a way to start the first free (i.e. not state-controlled) trade union in the communist bloc, "Solidarity" (Solidarność).
September[edit]
- September 1 – Terry Fox is forced to end his Marathon of Hope run outside of Thunder Bay, Ontario, after finding out that the cancer has spread to his lungs.
- September 2 – Ford Europe launches the Escort MK3, a new front-wheel drive hatchback.
- September 3 – Zimbabwe breaks diplomatic and consular relations with South Africa, even though it maintains a commercial mission in Johannesburg.
- September 5 – The Gotthard Road Tunnel opens in Switzerland as the world's longest highway tunnel at 10.14 miles (16.32 km), stretching from Göschenen to Airolo beneath the Gotthard Pass.
- September 12 – Kenan Evren stages a military coup in Turkey. It stops political gang violence, but begins stronger state violence leading to the execution of many young activists.
- September 17
- After weeks of strikes at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk, Poland, the nationwide independent trade union Solidarity is established.
- Former Nicaraguan President Anastasio Somoza Debayle is killed in Asunción, Paraguay.
- September 21 – Bülent Ulusu, ex admiral, forms the new government of Turkey (44th government, composed mostly of technocrats).
- September 22
- The command council of Iraq orders its army to "deliver its fatal blow on Iranian military targets," initiating the Iran–Iraq War.
- Youth riots in Tallinn, the capital of the Estonian SSR, are quickly put down. Similar riots are organized on 1 October.
- September 26
- Oktoberfest bombing: 13 people are killed and 211 injured in a right-wing terror attack in Munich (West Germany).
- The Mariel boatlift officially ends.
- September 27 – The Richmond Football Club of Melbourne (Australia) defeats Collingwood by 81 points in the VFL Grand Final. It will be 37 years until they win another, the 2017 AFL Grand Final).
- September 29 – The Washington Post publishes Janet Cooke's story of Jimmy, an 8-year-old heroin addict, later proven to be fabricated.
- September 30 – Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel and Xerox introduce the DIX standard for Ethernet, which is the first implementation outside of Xerox and the first to support 10 Mbit/s speeds.
October[edit]
- October 1 – In London, Associated Newspapers announces that The Evening News will close and merge with the Evening Standard.
- October 3
- English rock band The Police release their third studio album, Zenyattà Mondatta.
- The main-belt asteroid 2404 Antarctica is discovered by Antonín Mrkos at Kleť, South Bohemian Region, Czechoslovakia.
- October 5
- Elisabeth blast furnace demolished at Bilston Steelworks marking the end of iron and steel production in the Black Country of England.[9]
- British Leyland launches its new Metro, a three-door entry-level hatchback which is designed as the eventual replacement for the Mini. It gives BL a long-awaited modern competitor for the likes of the Ford Fiesta and Vauxhall Chevette.
- October 10
- The 7.1 Mw El Asnam earthquake shakes northern Algeria with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), killing 2,633–5,000 and injuring 8,369–9,000.
- British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher delivers her famous "The lady's not for turning" speech.
- October 14 – The Staggers Rail Act is enacted, deregulating American railroads.
- October 15
- James Callaghan announces his resignation as leader of the British Labour Party.
- James Hoskins forces his way into WCPO's television studio in Cincinnati, holding 9 employees hostage for several hours before releasing them and taking his own life.
- October 18 – Australian federal election, 1980: Malcolm Fraser's Liberal/National Country Coalition Government is re-elected with a substantially reduced majority, defeating the Labor Party led by Bill Hayden. The Government also loses control of the Senate, with the Australian Democrats winning the balance of power.
- October 20 – In continuous production since 1962, the last MG MGB roadster rolls off the assembly line at the Abingdon-on-Thames (England) factory, ending production for the MG Cars marque.
- October 21 – In Major League Baseball, The Philadelphia Phillies of the National League defeat the Kansas City Royals of the American League, 4–1, in Game Six of the World Series to win the championship.
- October 22 – In London, the Thomson Corporation says that The Times and all associated supplements will close in March 1981 if no buyer can be found.
- October 25 – Proceedings on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction conclude at The Hague.
- October 27 – Six Provisional Irish Republican Army prisoners in Maze prison in Northern Ireland refuse food and demand status as political prisoners; the hunger strike lasts until December.
- October 30 – El Salvador and Honduras sign a peace treaty to put the border dispute fought over in 1969's Football War before the International Court of Justice.
- October 31
- The Polish government recognizes Solidarity.
- Reza Pahlavi, eldest son of the Shah of Iran, proclaims himself the rightful successor to the Peacock Throne.
November[edit]
- November – Duration of the Colombo Plan (CESDAP) is extended indefinitely.
- November 4 – United States presidential election, 1980: Republican challenger and former Governor Ronald Reagan of California defeats incumbent Democratic President Jimmy Carter to become the 40th President-Elect of the United States, 1 year after the beginning of the Iran hostage crisis.
- November 10 – 12 – Voyager program: The NASA space probe Voyager I makes its closest approach to Saturn, when it flies within 77,000 miles of the planet's cloud-tops and sends the first high resolution images of the world back to scientists on Earth.
- November 20
- The Gang of Four trial begins in China.
- A Texaco oil rig breaks through to a mine under Lake Peigneur.
- November 21
- A fire at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino on the Las Vegas Strip kills 85 people.
- A record number of viewers at this date (for an entertainment program) tune into the U.S. soap opera Dallas to learn who shot lead character J. R. Ewing. The "Who shot J.R.?" event is an international obsession.
- November 23 – The 6.9 Mw Irpinia earthquake shakes southern Italy with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), killing 2,483–4,900 and injuring 7,700–8,934.
December[edit]
- December 2 – American missionary Jean Donovan and three Roman Catholic nuns are murdered by a military death squad in El Salvador while volunteering to do charity work during the country's civil war.
- December 4 – Led Zeppelin issue a press release announcing their break-up due to the death of their drummer John Bonham.
- December 8 – John Lennon is shot dead outside his apartment in New York City by Mark David Chapman.
- December 11 – CERCLA is enacted by the U.S. Congress.
- December 14 – Four people are murdered at Bob's Big Boy on La Cienega Boulevard in Los Angeles and 4 others are injured by two armed robbers, in what is one of the city's most brutal crimes ever.
- December 15 – The Academia de la Llingua Asturiana (Academy of the Asturian language) is created.
- December 16 – During a summit on the island of Bali, OPEC decides to raise the price of petroleum by 10%.
Date unknown[edit]
- The Right Livelihood Award is founded by Jakob von Uexkull. Hassan Fathy and Plenty International / Stephen Gaskin are its first winners.
- The World Hockey Association and NHL merge, adding teams in Connecticut, Quebec City, Alberta and Manitoba to the league. Accompanying the newly added Edmonton Oilers as the first team in Alberta, the Atlanta Flames move to Calgary.
World population[edit]
| World population | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 1975 | 1985 | ||||
 World |
4,434,682,000 | 4,068,109,000 |  366,573,000 |
4,830,979,000 | 396,297,000 |
|
 Africa |
469,618,000 | 408,160,000 | 61,458,000 |
541,814,000 | 72,196,000 |
|
 Asia |
2,632,335,000 | 2,397,512,000 | 234,823,000 |
2,887,552,000 | 255,217,000 |
|
 Europe |
692,431,000 | 675,542,000 | 16,889,000 |
706,009,000 | 13,578,000 |
|
 Latin America& Caribbean |
361,401,000 | 321,906,000 | 39,495,000 |
401,469,000 | 40,068,000 |
|
 NorthAmerica |
256,068,000 | 243,425,000 | 12,643,000 |
269,456,000 | 13,388,000 |
|
.jpg){kind=small} Oceania |
22,828,000 | 21,564,000 | 1,264,000 |
24,678,000 | 1,850,000 |
|
Births[edit]
January[edit]
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- January 1
- Richie Faulkner, British rock guitarist (Judas Priest)
- Karina Jacobsgaard, Danish tennis player
- Mark Nichols, Canadian curler
- Elin Nordegren, Swedish model
- January 4 – Greg Cipes, American actor
- January 7 – Hele Kõrve, Estonian actress and singer
- January 8
- Adam Goodes, Australian rules footballer
- Rachel Nichols, American actress
- January 9 – Sergio García, Spanish golfer
- January 10 – Sarah Shahi, American actress
- January 11 – Lovieanne Jung, American softball player
- January 12 – Ameriie, American singer
- January 13 – LaKisha Jones, American singer
- January 14
- Carlos Alvarado Quesada, Costa Rican politician, 48th President of Costa Rica
- Ossama Haidar, Lebanese footballer
- Hiroshi Tamaki, Japanese actor, model and singer
- Cory Gibbs, American footballer
- Monika Kuszyńska, Polish singer and songwriter
- Sosuke Sumitani, Japanese announcer
- Yūko Kaida, Japanese voice actress
- January 16
- Albert Pujols, Dominican Major League Baseball player
- Michelle Wild, Hungarian actress
- Lin-Manuel Miranda, Puerto Rican-American actor, composer, rapper, playwright and writer, (Hamilton, In the Heights
- January 17
- Zooey Deschanel, American actress, singer and musician, co-founder of HelloGiggles
- Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Ukrainian-American dance champion, choreographer and instructor; brother of Valentin Chmerkovskiy
- January 18
- Estelle, British singer and actress
- Julius Peppers, American football player
- Jason Segel, American actor and comedian
- January 19
- Jenson Button, British racecar driver
- Arvydas Macijauskas, Lithuanian basketball player
- January 20
- Philippe Cousteau Jr., American-French oceanographer
- Philippe Gagnon, Canadian Paralympic swimmer
- Kim Jeong-hoon, South Korean singer and actor
- Brigitte Olivier, Belgian martial artist
- Petra Rampre, Slovenian tennis player
- Matthew Tuck, Welsh singer and guitarist (Bullet for My Valentine)
- January 21
- Nana Mizuki, Japanese voice actress and singer
- Kevin McKenna, Canadian footballer
- January 22
- Jake Grove, American football player
- Christopher Masterson, American actor
- Adam Tuominen, Australian actor
- January 24
- Nyncke Beekhuyzen, Dutch actress
- Suzy, Portuguese singer
- January 25
- Christian Olsson, Swedish athlete
- Xavi, Spanish footballer
- Michelle McCool, American professional wrestler
- January 26 – Sanae Kobayashi, Japanese voice actress
- January 27 – Marat Safin, Russian tennis player
- January 28 – Nick Carter, American pop singer (Backstreet Boys)
- January 29
- Yael Bar Zohar, Israeli actress and model
- Jason James Richter, American actor
- January 30
- Josh Kelley, American singer-songwriter
- Wilmer Valderrama, Venezuelan/Colombian-American comedian
- January 31
- K.Maro, Canadian singer-songwriter
- James Adomian, American actor and comedian
February[edit]
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- February 2
- Zhang Jingchu, Chinese actress
- Nina Zilli, Italian singer-songwriter
- February 5
- Jo Swinson, British MP
- Robin Vik, Czech tennis player
- Paul DelVecchio, American reality show personality
- February 6
- Kim Poirier, Canadian actress
- Luke Ravenstahl, American mayor of Pittsburgh
- Mamiko Noto, Japanese voice actress
- February 8 – Yang Wei, Chinese gymnast
- February 9 – Manu Raju, American journalist
- February 10
- César Izturis, Venezuelan Major League Baseball player
- Steve Tully, English footballer
- February 11 – Matthew Lawrence, American actor
- February 12
- Juan Carlos Ferrero, Spanish tennis player
- Christina Ricci, American actress
- Gucci Mane, American rapper
- February 14 – Michelle Ye, Hong Kong actress
- February 15
- Conor Oberst, American singer-songwriter
- Petr Elfimov, Belarusian singer
- February 16 – Ashley Lelie, American football player
- February 17
- Jason Ritter, American actor
- Vahe Tilbian, Ethiopian singer of Armenian descent
- February 18
- Cezar, Romanian opera singer and pianist
- Regina Spektor, Russian-American singer-songwriter
- February 19
- Mike Miller, American basketball player
- Ma Lin, Chinese table-tennis player
- February 20
- Imanol Harinordoquy, French rugby player
- Artur Boruc, Polish football (soccer) goalkeeper
- Yuichi Nakamura, Japanese voice actor
- February 21
- Brad Fast, Canadian ice hockey player
- Justin Roiland, American actor
- Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, King of Bhutan
- February 22 – Jeanette Biedermann, German singer and actress
- February 24
- Emma Johnson, Australian swimmer
- Shinsuke Nakamura, Japanese professional wrestler
- February 25 – Chris and Christy Knowings, American actors
- February 26 – Júlio César da Silva e Souza, Brazilian footballer
- February 27
- Chelsea Clinton, daughter of former U.S. President Bill Clinton and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton
- Don Diablo, Dutch DJ and producer
- February 28
- Tayshaun Prince, American basketball player
- Piotr Giza, Polish footballer
- February 29
- Simon Gagné, Canadian hockey player
- Peter Scanavino, American actor
March[edit]
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- March 1 – Shahid Afridi, Pakistani cricketer
- March 2
- Chris Barker, English footballer
- Julia Chantrey, Canadian actress
- Lance Cade, American professional wrestler (d. 2010)
- March 4
- Jung Da-bin, Korean actress (d. 2007)
- Omar Bravo, Mexican footballer
- Jack Hannahan, American baseball infielder
- March 5 – Jessica Boehrs, German singer and actress
- March 7
- Murat Boz, Turkish singer and actor
- Laura Prepon, American actress
- Mart Toome, Estonian actor
- March 9
- Chingy, American rapper, singer and actor
- Matthew Gray Gubler, American actor and director
- March 11 – Gabriela Pichler, Swedish film director and screenwriter
- March 13 – Caron Butler, American basketball player
- March 14 – Aaron Brown, English footballer
- March 16 – Todd Heap, American football player
- March 17 – Katie Morgan, American porn actress and radio host
- March 18 – Alexei Yagudin, Russian figure skater
- March 19
- Agnes Pihlava, Finnish pop singer
- Johan Olsson, Swedish cross country skier
- March 20
- Hamada Helal, Egyptian singer
- Jamal Crawford, American basketball player
- Mikey Day, American actor, comedian and writer
- March 21
- Marit Bjørgen, Norwegian cross-country skier
- Ronaldinho, Brazilian footballer
- Deryck Whibley, Canadian singer, songwriter and musician (Sum 41)
- March 23 – Russell Howard, English comedian
- March 26 - Rosendo Rodriguez, American convicted murderer (d. 2018)
- March 27 - Greg Puciato, American heavy metal musician (The Dillinger Escape Plan, Killer Be Killed)
- March 29 – Andy Scott-Lee, British singer (3SL)
- March 30 – Yalın, Turkish pop singer and songwriter
- March 31
- Kate Micucci, American actress and voice actress
- Chien-Ming Wang, Taiwanese Major League Baseball player
- Maaya Sakamoto, Japanese voice actress, actress and singer
April[edit]
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- April 1
- Bijou Phillips, American actress and socialite
- Randy Orton, American professional wrestler
- Yūko Takeuchi, Japanese actress
- April 4 – Björn Wirdheim, Swedish race car driver
- April 8
- Ben Freeman, British actor
- Carrie Savage, American actress and voice actress
- April 9
- Rachel Specter, American actress
- Arlen Escarpeta, Belizean actor
- April 10
- Sean Avery, Canadian ice hockey player
- Kasey Kahne, American race car driver
- Charlie Hunnam, English actor
- April 11 – Mark Teixeira, American baseball player
- April 12 – Brian McFadden, Irish rock singer (Westlife)
- April 13
- Colleen Clinkenbeard, American voice actress
- Kelli Giddish, American actress
- April 14
- Ayumi Ito, Japanese actress
- Tom Franco, American actor
- April 15 – Natalie Casey, English actress
- April 16
- Samir Javadzadeh, Azerbaijani singer
- Paul London, American professional wrestler
- April 17
- Brenda Villa, American water polo player
- Lee Hyun-il, South Korean badminton player
- Alaina Huffman, Canadian film and television actress
- April 18 – Justin Amash, U.S. Representative
- April 20
- Jasmin Wagner, German singer
- Waylon, Dutch singer, member of The Common Linnets, Eurovision Song Contest 2014 runner-up
- April 21
- Tony Romo, American football player
- Vincent Lecavalier, Canadian hockey player
- April 22 – Nicolas Douchez, French footballer
- April 24
- Austin Nichols, American actor
- Karen Asrian, Armenian chess Grandmaster (d. 2008)
- Reagan Gomez-Preston, American actress and voice actress
- April 25
- Lee Spick, English snooker player (d. 2015)
- Daniel MacPherson, Australian actor
- Kazuhito Tadano, Japanese baseball player
- April 26
- Jordana Brewster, American actress
- Marlon King, Jamaican footballer
- Channing Tatum, American actor and model
- April 27 – Zayed Khan, Indian actor
- April 28 – Josh Howard, American basketball player
- April 29
- Kian Egan, Irish singer (Westlife)
- Emmad Irfani, Pakistani model and TV actor
- April 30 – Luis Scola, Argentine basketball player
May[edit]
- May 1 – Ana Claudia Talancón, Mexican actress
- May 2
- Tim Borowski, German footballer
- Ellie Kemper, American actress
- Zat Knight, English footballer
- May 3 – Marcel Vigneron, American chef
- May 5
- Maia Hirasawa, Swedish pop singer
- Yossi Benayoun, Israeli footballer
- Hank Green, American entrepreneur, musician, educator, producer and vlogger
- May 6
- Taebin, Korean hip-hop artist (1TYM)
- Kelly van der Veer, Dutch reality TV star
- Dimitris Diamantidis, Greek basketball player
- May 7 – Johan Kenkhuis, Dutch swimmer
- May 8 – Benny Yau, Canadian entertainer
- May 9
- Grant Hackett, Australian swimmer
- Carolin Kebekus, German comedian and actress
- Norihiro Nishi, Japanese footballer
- May 10 – Pete Gray, Australian environmental activist (d. 2011)
- May 15 – Josh Beckett, American baseball player
- May 17 – Alistair Overeem, Dutch mixed martial artist and kickboxer
- May 18
- May 19
- Drew Fuller, American actor and model
- Dean Heffernan, Australian footballer
- May 21 – Gotye, Belgian-Australian multi-instrumentalist and singer-songwriter
- May 22
- Lucy Gordon, British actress (d. 2009)
- Evelin Võigemast, Estonian actress and singer
- May 24 – Cecilia Cheung, Hong Kong actress
- May 28
- Mark Feehily, Irish singer (Westlife)
- Jørgen Strickert, Norwegian comedian
- May 29 – Michael Stasko, Canadian actor
- May 30 – Steven Gerrard, English footballer
- May 31 – Andy Hurley, American drummer (Fall Out Boy)
June[edit]
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- June 1
- Oliver James, British actor
- Damien Fahey, American MTV VJ, television host and drummer
- June 2 – Lindsey Yamasaki, Japanese-American basketball player
- June 3 – Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar
- June 5 – Mike Fisher, Canadian hockey player
- June 6 – Mmusi Maimane, South African politician
- June 7 – Henkka Seppälä, Finnish bassist (Children of Bodom)
- June 8 – David Holoubek, Czech football manager
- June 10
- Jessica DiCicco, American actress
- Francelino Matuzalem, Brazilian footballer
- Wang Yuegu, Singaporean Olympic table tennis player
- June 13
- Sarah Connor, German singer
- Juan Carlos Navarro, Spanish basketball player
- June 15
- Almudena Cid, Spanish rhythmic gymnast
- Christopher Castile, American actor
- June 16
- Brad Gushue, Canadian curler
- Joey Yung, Hong Kong singer
- June 17
- Kimeru, Japanese singer
- Venus Williams, American tennis player
- Jeph Jacques, American webcomic writer
- June 19 – Jason White, American football player
- June 22 – Ilya Bryzgalov, Russian ice hockey player
- June 23
- Erick Elías, Mexican actor
- Mark Greaney, Irish singer and guitarist (JJ72)
- Ramnaresh Sarwan, West Indian cricketer
- Manus Boonjumnong, Thai boxer
- Francesca Schiavone, Italian tennis player
- Jessica Taylor, English singer (Liberty X)
- Melissa Rauch, American actress
- Pai Hsiao-yen, Taiwanese-Japanese murder victim (d. 1997)
- June 24
- Liane Balaban, Canadian actress
- Minka Kelly, American actress
- June 25
- Nozomi Takeuchi, Japanese actress
- Philippe Lacheau, French actor, director and writer
- June 26
- Michael Vick, American football player
- Michael Jackson, English footballer
- Rafiz Abu Bakar, Malaysian footballer
- June 27 – Kevin Pietersen, South African-English former cricketer
- June 29
- James Courtney, Australian race car driver
- Katherine Jenkins, Welsh soprano
- Martin Truex Jr., American race car driver
- June 30
- Ryan ten Doeschate, Dutch cricketer
- Nelbert Omolon, Filipino professional basketball player
- Rade Prica, Swedish footballer
- Adil Annani, Moroccan long-distance runner
- Sayuti, Indonesian footballer
July[edit]
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- July 1
- Ott Aardam, Estonian stage and film actor
- Mizz Nina, Malaysian fashion designer, a host, humanitarian
- Nelson Cruz, Dominican baseball player
- Shon Seung-mo, South Korean badminton player
- July 2 – Brian Drolet, American actor, producer and writer
- July 3
- Reyhan Şahin, Turkish-German rapper, linguist and actress
- Roland Schoeman, South African swimmer
- Olivia Munn, American actress and model
- Harbhajan Singh, Indian international cricketer
- July 4
- Fahri Yardım, German actor
- Selma Bajrami, Bosnian turbo-folk singer
- July 5
- Zayed Khan, Indian actor and producer
- Eva Green, French actress and model
- Fabián Ríos, Colombian actor and model
- Paul "DJ Pauly D" DelVecchio, American reality TV star
- Jason Wade, American singer and guitarist (Lifehouse)
- July 6 – Pau Gasol, Spanish basketball player
- July 7
- Marika Domińczyk, Polish American actress
- Jim McMahon, British politician
- Michelle Kwan, American figure skater
- Dr Malinga, South African record producer and musician
- July 8
- Robbie Keane, Irish footballer
- Chetan Anand, Indian badminton player
- Yang Tae-Young, South Korean gymnast
- July 9 – Kathia Rodriguez, Puerto Rican actress
- July 10
- Thomas Ian Nicholas, American film actor, singer, musician, producer, director and writer
- Adam Petty, American race car driver (d. 2000)
- Jessica Simpson, American singer
- Jeremy Ray Valdez, American actor
- James Rolfe, American director, actor and writer
- Cláudia Leitte, Brazilian singer
- July 11
- Mathias Boe, Danish badminton player
- Alvent Yulianto, Indonesian badminton player
- July 12
- Kristen Connolly, American actress
- Eny Widiowati, Indonesian badminton player
- July 15
- BxB Hulk, Japanese professional wrestler
- Reggie Abercrombie, American baseball player
- JW-Jones, Canadian blues musician
- Jasper Pääkkönen, Finnish actor and film producer
- Julia Perez, Indonesian singer and actress (d. 2017)
- July 16
- Svetlana Feofanova, Russian pole-vaulter
- Adam Scott, Australian golfer
- July 17
- Rashid Ramzi, Moroccan-Bahraini athlete
- Masato Yoshino, Japanese professional wrestler
- Ryan Miller, American ice hockey goaltender
- July 18 – Kristen Bell, American actress
- July 19
- Yeoh Kay Bin, Malaysian badminton player
- Michelle Heaton, English singer (Liberty X)
- Mark Webber, American actor
- July 20
- Gisele Bündchen, Brazilian supermodel
- Jin Goo, South Korean actor
- July 21 – CC Sabathia, American baseball player
- July 22
- July 23 – Michelle Williams, American singer, actress, (Destiny's Child)
- July 25 – Rebeka Dremelj, Slovenian singer
- July 26 – Jacinda Ardern, 40th Prime Minister of New Zealand
- July 27 – Nick Nemeth, American professional wrestler
- July 28 – Noel Sullivan, Welsh singer (Hear'Say) and actor
- July 29
- Rachel Miner, American actress
- Fernando González, Chilean tennis player
- July 30
- Diam's, French rapper
- April Bowlby, American actress
August[edit]
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- August 2 – Dingdong Dantes, Filipino actor
- August 3
- Nadia Ali, Pakistani-American singer-songwriter
- Hannah Simone, British-Canadian actress
- Dominic Moore, Canadian ice hockey player
- August 5 – Wayne Bridge, English footballer
- August 6 – Will Pan, American-Taiwanese singer-songwriter and actor
- August 8 – Craig Breslow, American baseball pitcher
- August 9
- Charlie David, Canadian actor
- Dominic Tabuna, Nauruan politician
- August 10 – Pua Magasiva, Samoan actor
- August 11 – Monika Pyrek, Polish pole vaulter
- August 12 – Maggie Lawson, American actress
- August 14 – Roy Williams, American football player
- August 16
- Julien Absalon, French mountain biker
- Vanessa Carlton, American singer
- August 17
- David Legwand, American ice hockey player
- Lene Marlin, Norwegian singer and musician
- August 18 – Damion Stewart, Jamaican footballer
- August 19
- Darius Campbell, Scottish singer-songwriter (aka Darius Danesh or Darius)
- Adrian Lulgjuraj, Albanian singer
- August 21
- Jon Lajoie, Canadian comedian
- Paul Menard, American race car driver
- August 23
- Rex Grossman, American football player
- Joanne Froggatt, British Voice Artist
- August 24
- J. D. Daniels, American actor
- Rachael Carpani, Australian actress
- August 26
- Macaulay Culkin, American actor
- Chris Pine, American actor
- August 27 – Derrick Strait, American football player
- August 28 – Debra Lafave, American teacher
- August 29
- William Levy, Cuban-American actor
- David West, American basketball player
September[edit]
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- September 2 – Dany Sabourin, French Canadian ice hockey goaltender
- September 3
- Jennie Finch, American softball player
- Polina Smolova, Belarusian singer
- September 4 – Max Greenfield, American actor
- September 5 – Kevin Simm, English singer (Liberty X)
- September 6
- Kerry Katona, English TV presenter and former pop star (Atomic Kitten)
- Samuel Peter, Nigerian boxer and heavyweight champion
- Joseph Yobo, Nigerian footballer
- September 7
- Nigar Jamal, Azerbaijani singer, Eurovision Song Contest 2011 winner
- Gabriel Milito, Argentine footballer
- Mark Prior, American baseball player
- September 8
- Eric Hutchinson, American singer-songwriter
- Neferteri Shepherd, African-American model and actress
- September 9
- Denise Quiñones, Puerto Rican actress, Miss Universe 2001
- Michelle Williams, American actress
- September 10 – Mikey Way, British musician (My Chemical Romance)
- September 11 – Mike Comrie, Canadian ice hockey player
- September 12
- Sean Burroughs, American baseball player
- Yao Ming, Chinese basketball player
- Hiroyuki Sawano, Japanese composer
- September 13
- Ben Savage, American actor (Boy Meets World)
- Daisuke Matsuzaka, Japanese baseball player
- September 15
- Jolin Tsai, Taiwanese singer
- Faiz Khaleed, Malaysian astronaut
- September 16 – Sef Gonzales, Australian who murdered his family
- September 21
- Kareena Kapoor, Indian actress
- Autumn Reeser, American actress
- September 23
- Syu, Japanese guitarist
- Hooligan, Maltese rapper
- Aubrey Dollar, American actress
- September 24
- Victoria Pendleton, English cyclist
- Amy-Joyce Hastings, Irish actress
- September 25 – T.I., African-American rap artist, film and music producer, actor and author
- September 26 – Daniel and Henrik Sedin, Swedish ice hockey players
- September 29
- Patrick Agyemang, Ghanaian footballer
- Dallas Green, musician (Alexisonfire, City and Colour)
- Zachary Levi, American actor
- September 30
- Martina Hingis, Swiss tennis player
- Emily Kokal, vocalist/guitarist of all-girl band Warpaint
- Guillermo Rigondeaux, Cuban boxer
- Arisa Ogasawara, Japanese voice actress
October[edit]
- October 1 – Sarah Drew, American actress
- October 3 – Daniel DeSanto, Canadian actor and voice actor
- October 4
- Ben Whishaw, English actor
- Tomáš Rosický, Czech footballer
- Me'Lisa Barber, American athlete
- Joe Kennedy III, American lawyer
- October 5
- James Toseland, English motorcycle racer
- Ti West, American film director
- October 8
- Michael Mizanin, American professional wrestler
- Nick Cannon, African-American actor, comedian, rapper, entrepreneur, record producer and broadcast personality
- October 10
- October 11
- Tomokazu Sugita, Japanese voice actor
- October 12
- Ledley King, English footballer
- Nadzeya Ostapchuk, Belarusian athlete
- October 13
- Ashanti, African-American singer
- Scott Parker, English footballer
- October 14
- Terrence McGee, American football player
- Ben Whishaw, English actor
- October 15 – Tom Boonen, Belgian cyclist
- October 16
- Sue Bird, Israeli-American basketball player
- Timana Tahu, Australian Rugby League player
- October 17
- Angel Parker, American actress
- Justin Shenkarow, American actor
- Yekaterina Gamova, Russian volleyball player
- October 18
- Erin Dean, American actress
- Reetinder Singh Sodhi, Indian cricket player
- October 19 – José Bautista, Dominican baseball player
- October 21 – Kim Kardashian, American socialite and television personality
- October 23 – Robert Belushi, American actor
- October 24
- Monica, African-American singer
- Casey Wilson, American actress and comedian
- October 28
- Alan Smith, English footballer
- Christy Hemme, American professional wrestler
- October 29 – Ben Foster, American actor
- October 31 – Eddie Kaye Thomas, American actor and comedian
November[edit]
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- November 4 – Sabrina Colie, Jamaican actress
- November 5
- Luke Hemsworth, Australian actor
- Christoph Metzelder, German footballer
- Essaï Altounian, French-Armenian singer, songwriter, keyboardist, music producer and an actor
- November 6 – Anri Jokhadze, Georgian pop singer
- November 7 – Gervasio Deferr, Spanish gymnast
- November 10 – Calvin Chen, Taiwanese pop singer
- November 11 – Willie Parker, American football player
- November 12
- Ryan Gosling, Canadian actor and musician
- Gustaf Skarsgård, Swedish actor
- November 13 – Monique Coleman, American actress
- November 15 – Kevin Staut, French equestrian
- November 16 – Kayte Christensen, American basketball player
- November 17 – Isaac Hanson, American musician
- November 18
- Denny Hamlin, American race car driver
- Dustin Kensrue, Canadian singer
- François Duval, Belgian rally driver
- Junichi Okada, Japanese singer
- Luke Chadwick, English footballer
- Mathew Baynton, English actor and writer
- Minori Chihara, Japanese voice actress and singer
- November 19 – Adele Silva, English actress and model
- November 21
- Hank Blalock, American baseball player
- Hiroyuki Tomita, Japanese gymnast
- Elaine Yiu, Hong Kong actress
- November 22 – David Artell, English footballer
- November 23 – Jonathan Papelbon, American baseball player
- November 24 – Beth Phoenix, American professional wrestler
- November 25
- Rowly Dennis, English actor
- John-Michael Liles, American hockey player
- Nick Swisher, American baseball player
- November 26 – Satoshi Ohno, Japanese singer
- November 28 – Lisa Middelhauve, German singer (Xandria)
- November 29
- Jason Griffith, American actor and voice actor
- Janina Gavankar, American actress and musician
- Ilias Kasidiaris, Greek politician
December[edit]
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- December 1
- Angelique Bates, American actress, comedian, and rapper
- Joel A. Sutherland, Canadian author
- December 3
- Anna Chlumsky, American actress
- Jenna Dewan, American actress
- Jim Sorgi, American football player
- December 5
- Ibrahim Maalouf, Lebanese-born French trumpeter
- Juliette Danielle, American actress, vest known for the 2003 dark comedy, The Room
- Shizuka Itō, Japanese voice actress
- December 6
- Steve Lovell, English footballer
- Kei Yasuda, Japanese singer
- December 7 – John Terry, English footballer
- December 9
- Simon Helberg, American actor and comedian
- Ryder Hesjedal, Canadian professional cyclist
- December 10
- Marina Orlova, Internet celebrity
- Sarah Chang, American violinist
- December 13
- Satoshi Tsumabuki, Japanese actor
- Bosco Wong, Hong Kong actor
- December 15
- Neil McDermott, English actor
- Sergio Pizzorno, English guitarist and songwriter (Kasabian)
- December 16 – Axle Whitehead, Australian actor, singer and songwriter and former Video Hits host
- December 18
- Baron Vaughn, American actor and comedian
- Christina Aguilera, American singer
- December 19
- Marla Sokoloff, American actress
- Jake Gyllenhaal, American actor
- December 20
- Ashley Cole, English footballer
- Chris Edwards, English musician, member of alternative rock band Kasabian
- Fitz Hall, English footballer
- December 22
- Chris Carmack, American actor
- Matt Parker, Australian author
- December 23 – Cody Ross, American baseball player
- December 25 – Laura Sadler, English actress (d. 2003)
- December 27
- Bernard Berrian, American football player
- Cesaro (aka Claudio Castagnoli), Swiss professional wrestler
- Elizabeth Rodriguez, American actress
- December 30 – Eliza Dushku, American actress
- December 31 – Richie McCaw, New Zealand rugby player
Date unknown[edit]
- Nikki Fox, English broadcaster and journalist best known for 2016 series of Watchdog
- Danielle Graham, Canadian television personality
Deaths[edit]
January[edit]
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- January 1
- Adolph Deutsch, American composer (b. 1897)
- Frank Wykoff, American Olympic athlete (b. 1909)
- January 2 – Alessandro Bruschetti, Italian artist (b. 1910)
- January 3 – Joy Adamson, Austrian-born conservationist and author (b. 1910)
- January 7 – Simonne Mathieu, French tennis champion (b. 1908)
- January 8 – John Mauchly, American physicist and inventor (b. 1907)
- January 10
- George Meany, American labor leader (b. 1894)
- Bo Rein, American football coach (b. 1945)
- January 11 – Barbara Pym, English novelist (b. 1913)
- January 13 – Andre Kostelanetz, Russian conductor and arranger (b. 1901)
- January 17 – Barbara Britton, American actress (b. 1919)
- January 18 – Sir Cecil Beaton, English photographer (b. 1904)
- January 19 – William O. Douglas, American Supreme Court Justice (b. 1898)
- January 21 – Georges Painvin, French cryptographer (b. 1886)
- January 22 – Walter Pym, Australian actor (b. 1905)
- January 23 – Leonard Strong, American actor (b. 1908)
- January 24 – Lil Dagover, German actress (b. 1887)
- January 25 – David Newell, American actor (b. 1905)
- January 27
- Hans Aeschbacher, Swiss sculptor (b. 1906)
- Peppino De Filippo, Italian actor (b. 1903)
- Eric Wyndham White, British administrator and economist, first Director-General of the GATT (b. 1913)
- January 28 – Franco Evangelisti, Italian composer (b. 1926)
- January 29 – Jimmy Durante, American actor, singer and comedian (b. 1893)
- January 30
- Maria Bolognesi, Italian Roman Catholic laywoman, mystic and blessed (b. 1924)
- Professor Longhair, American musician (b. 1918)
- January 31 – Eduardo Cáceres, former Vice President of Guatemala (b. 1906)
February[edit]
- February 1 – Jack Bailey, American actor (b. 1907)
- February 2
- Hanna Rovina, Russian-born Israeli actress (b. 1889)
- William Howard Stein, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
- February 6 – Albert Kotin, American abstract expressionist painter (b. 1907)
- February 7 – Richard Williams, Royal Australian Air Force officer (b. 1890)
- February 8
- Isadora Bennett, American publicity agent (b. 1900)
- Nikos Xilouris, Greek pop singer (b. 1936)
- Francesco Zucchetti, French Olympic cyclist (b. 1902)
- February 9 – Tom Macdonald, British journalist and novelist (b. 1900)
- February 10 – Wels Eicke, Australian rules football player (b. 1893)
- February 11 – R. C. Majumdar, Indian historian (b. 1884)
- February 12 – Muriel Rukeyser, American poet (b. 1913)
- February 13 – David Janssen, American actor (b. 1931)
- February 14 – Luitkonwar Rudra Baruah, Assamese composer and actor (b. 1926)
- February 17
- Jerry Fielding, American conductor and music director (b. 1922)
- Graham Sutherland, English artist (b. 1903)
- February 18 – Gale Robbins, American singer and actress (b. 1921)
- February 19
- Robert Morrison, British Olympic rower – coxless fours (b. 1902)
- Bon Scott, Scottish-born Australian rock singer (AC/DC) (b. 1946)
- February 20
- Joseph Banks Rhine, American parapsychologist (b. 1895)
- Alice Longworth, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt's daughter, wife of Nicholas Longworth (b. 1884)
- February 21 – Aldo Andreotti, Italian mathematician (b. 1924)
- February 22 – Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian painter and poet (b. 1886)
- February 23 – Enrico Celio, Swiss politician, 49th President of the Swiss Confederation (b. 1889)
- February 24
- Michael Browne, Irish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1895)
- Clement Martyn Doke, South African linguist (b. 1893)
- February 26 – Mario Mattoli, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1898)
- February 27
- George Tobias, American actor (b. 1901)
- Shin'ichi Hisamatsu, Japanese philosopher (b. 1889)
- February 28 – James Goff, American football and basketball head coach (b. 1912)
- February 29 – Gil Elvgren, American pin-up artist (b. 1914)
March[edit]
- March 1
- Dixie Dean, English football player (b. 1907)
- Wilhelmina, Dutch-born American high-fashion model and owner of model agency (b. 1940)
- Daniil Khrabrovitsky, Soviet film director (b. 1923)
- March 3 – Roger Davis, American actor (b. 1884)
- March 5
- Jay Silverheels, American actor (b. 1912)
- Winifred Wagner, German daughter-in-law of Richard Wagner, close friend of Adolf Hitler (b. 1897)
- March 6 – Barbara Brukalska, Polish architect (b. 1899)
- March 9
- Nikolay Bogolybov, Russian actor (b. 1899)
- Heinz Linge, Hitler's personal valet (b. 1913)
- March 10 – Herman Tarnower, American doctor and murder victim (b. 1910)
- March 11 – Maud Hart Lovelace, American author (b. 1892)
- March 13 – Roland Symonette, 1st Premier of the Bahamas (b. 1898)
- March 14
- Anna Jantar, Polish singer (b. 1950)
- Mohammad Hatta, Indonesia's first vice president (b. 1902)
- Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, Spanish naturalist and television presenter (b. 1928)
- March 17 – Boun Oum, 4th Prime Minister of Laos (b. 1911)
- March 18
- Jessica Dragonette, American singer (b. 1900)
- Elsa Goveia, Guyanese-born Jamaican scholar (b. 1925)
- Erich Fromm, German-born psychologist and philosopher (b. 1900)
- Louise Lovely, Australian actress (b. 1895)
- Tamara de Lempicka, Polish-born painter (b. 1898)
- March 21 – Peter Stoner, American mathematician, astronomer and Christian apologist (b. 1888)
- March 24
- John Barrie, Welsh actor (b. 1917)
- Pierre Etchebaster, French real tennis player (b. 1893)
- Óscar Romero, Salvadorian Roman Catholic archbishop and blessed (assassinated) (b. 1917)
- March 25
- Roland Barthes, French literary critic and writer (b. 1915)
- Erminio Macario, Italian actor (b. 1902)
- Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (b. 1913)
- James Wright, American poet (b. 1927)
- Milton H. Erickson, American psychiatrist (b.1901)
- March 28
- Helena Bochořáková-Dittrichová, Czechoslovak illustrator (b. 1894)
- James Hayes, American-born Filipino Roman Catholic, Jesuit archbishop, missionary and servant of God (b. 1889)
- Dick Haymes, Argentine actor and singer (b. 1918)
- March 29 – Mantovani, Italian-born conductor and arranger (b. 1905)
- March 30
- David Sharpe, American actor (b. 1910)
- Tôn Đức Thắng, 2nd President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) (b. 1888)
- March 31
- Vladimír Holan, Czech poet (b. 1905)
- Jesse Owens, American Olympic athlete (b. 1913)
April[edit]
- April 2 – Stanley Forman Reed, American Supreme Court Justice (b. 1884)
- April 4 – Red Sovine, American country and folk singer-songwriter (b. 1917)
- April 6
- John Collier, English writer (b. 1901)
- Nils Ericson, Swedish actor (b. 1906)
- April 8 – Bill Eastman, British army officer (b. 1911)
- April 10 – Kay Medford, American actress (b. 1914)
- April 11 – Ümit Kaftancıoğlu, Turkish writer (b. 1935)
- April 12
- Clark McConachy, New Zealand snooker and billiards player (b. 1895)
- William R. Tolbert Jr., 20th President of Liberia (b. 1913)
- April 13 – Karl Stegger, Danish actor (b. 1913)
- April 15
- Raymond Bailey, American actor (b. 1904)
- Marshall Reed, American film and television actor (b. 1917)
- Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
- April 18 – Antonio Caponigro, American gangster (b. 1912)
- April 19
- Charles Seel, American actor (b. 1897)
- Tony Beckley, English character actor (b. 1927)
- April 20
- Katherine Kennicott Davis, American composer (b. 1892)
- Helmut Käutner, German director (b. 1908)
- April 21 – Sohrab Sepehri, Persian poet and painter (b. 1928)
- April 22
- Jane Froman, American singer and actress (b. 1907)
- Fritz Strassmann, German chemist (b. 1902)
- April 24 – Alejo Carpentier, Cuban writer (b. 1904)
- April 26 – Cicely Courtneidge, British actress (b. 1893)
- April 27
- Mario Bava, Italian director (b. 1914)
- John Culshaw, British recording producer and musicologist (b. 1924)
- April 28 – Thomas G. W. Settle, American record-setting balloonist and admiral (b. 1895)
- April 29 – Alfred Hitchcock, British suspense film director (b. 1899)
- April 30 – Luis Muñoz Marín, Puerto Rican poet, journalist and politician (b. 1898)
May[edit]
- May 1 – Henry Levin, American film director and actor (b. 1909)
- May 2
- George Pal, Hungarian-born animator and producer (b. 1904)
- Clarrie Grimmett, New Zealand-born cricketer (b. 1891)
- May 4
- Kay Hammond, English actress (b. 1909)
- Josip Broz Tito, Croatian-born Yugoslav communist military and political leader, 19th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia and 1st President of Yugoslavia (b. 1892)
- May 5 – Isabel Briggs Myers, American psychological theorist and co-creator of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (b. 1897)
- May 7
- Isla Cameron, British actress (b. 1930)
- Margaret Cole, British politician (b. 1893)
- May 8 – Geoffrey Baker, English field marshal (b. 1912)
- May 9
- Prince Himalaya of Nepal (b. 1921)
- Kate Molale, South African anti-apartheid activist (b. 1928)
- May 12 – Lillian Roth, American actress (b. 1910)
- May 14
- Carl Ebert, German theatre and opera director (b. 1887)
- Fatmawati, First Lady of Indonesia (b. 1923)
- Hugh Griffith, Welsh actor (b. 1912)
- May 16
- José Calvo, Spanish actor (b. 1916)
- Marin Preda, Romanian writer (b. 1922)
- May 18
- David A. Johnston, American volcanologist (b. 1949) (killed by eruption of Mount St. Helens)
- Ian Curtis, English musician and singer (Joy Division) (suicide) (b. 1956)
- Reid Blackburn, photojournalist for National Geographic (b. 1952) (also killed by eruption of Mount St. Helens)
- Harry R. Truman, Owner/Operator of Mt. St. Helens Lodge (b. 1896) (killed by eruption of Mount St. Helens)
- May 20 – Jack Walsh, Australian cricketer (b. 1912)
- May 21 – Ida Kamińska, Polish-born Jewish actress, playwright and translator (b. 1899)
- May 25 – George West, British Anglican missionary (b. 1893)
- May 28 – Rolf Nevanlinna, Finnish mathematician (b. 1895)
- May 30 – Carl Radle, American bassist (b. 1942)
June[edit]
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- June 1 – Rube Marquard, American baseball player (New York Giants) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1886)
- June 7
- Richard Bonelli, American opera baritone (b. 1889)
- Henry Miller, American writer (b. 1891)
- Elizabeth Craig, British chef and writer (b. 1883)
- Salvator Gotta, Italian writer (b. 1887)
- Philip Guston, American painter (b. 1912)
- Marian Spychalski, Polish architect and politician, former head of State (b. 1908)
- June 8
- Ernst Busch, German singer and actor (b. 1900)
- Alfredo Brilhante da Costa, Brazilian football player (b. 1904)
- June 9 – Shyam Kumari Khan, Indian lawyer (b. 1904)
- June 12
- Masayoshi Ōhira, Japanese politician, 43rd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1910)
- Billy Butlin, South African-born Canadian founder of Butlins Holiday Camps (b. 1899)
- Milburn Stone, American actor (b. 1904)
- June 13 – Walter Rodney, Guyanese historian and political figure (b. 1942)
- June 14 – Sante Spessotto, Italian Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. 1923)
- June 18 – Terence Fisher, British director (b. 1904)
- June 20 – Amy Key Clarke, English mystical poet (b. 1892)
- June 21 – Bert Kaempfert, German orchestra leader and songwriter (b. 1923)
- June 23
- Clyfford Still, American painter (b. 1904)
- John Laurie, Scottish actor (b. 1897)
- Sanjay Gandhi, Indian son of Indira Gandhi (air crash) (b. 1946)
- V. V. Giri, Indian politician and 4th President of India (b. 1894)
- June 24 – Boris Kaufman, Russian cinematographer (b. 1897)
- June 26 – Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch Ignatius Jacob III (b. 1912)
- June 27 – Carey McWilliams, American author, editor and lawyer (b. 1905)
- June 28 – José Iturbi, Spanish conductor and musician (b. 1895)
July[edit]
- July – Robert Brackman, American painter (b. 1898)
- July 1 – C. P. Snow, British physicist and novelist (b. 1905)
- July 3
- Deng Hua, Chinese general (b. 1910)
- Abdelhamid Sharaf, 51st Prime Minister of Jordan (b. 1939)
- July 4 – Gregory Bateson, British anthropologist, anthropologist, social scientist, linguist, semiotician and cyberneticist (b. 1904)
- July 6 – Gail Patrick, American actress (b. 1911)
- July 7
- Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich of Russia (b. 1901)
- Reginald Gardiner, English actor (b. 1903)
- Dore Schary, American film writer, director and producer (b. 1905)
- Dan White, American actor (b. 1908)
- July 8 – Rudolf Creutz, Austrian criminal (b. 1896)
- July 9 – Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian writer, poet and diplomat (b. 1913)
- July 13 – Seretse Khama, 1st President of Botswana (b. 1921)
- July 15 – Ben Selvin, American orchestra leader and recording artist (b. 1898)
- July 17
- Don Barry, American actor (b. 1912)
- Boris Delaunay, Russian mathematician (b. 1890)
- July 19 – Nihat Erim, Turkish politician and jurist, 30th Prime Minister of Turkey (assassinated) (b. 1912)
- July 20 – Lado Gudiashvili, Soviet painter (b. 1896)
- July 21 – Salah al-Din al-Bitar, Syrian politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Syria (b. 1912)
- July 22 – Hans-Georg Bürger, German racing driver (b. 1952)
- July 23 – Keith Godchaux, American musician (The Grateful Dead) (b. 1948)
- July 24
- Uttam Kumar (Arun Kumar Chatterjee), Bengali actor (b. 1926)
- Peter Sellers, British comedian and actor (b. 1925)
- July 25
- Tony Catalano, American football player (b. 1895)
- Vladimir Vysotsky, Soviet singer-songwriter, poet and actor (b. 1938)
- July 26
- Allen Hoskins, American actor (b. 1920)
- Kenneth Tynan, English theatre critic (b. 1927)
- July 27 – Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (b. 1919)
- July 28 – Maria Luisa Monteiro da Cunha, Brazilian librarian (b. 1908)
- July 30 – Lucien Dalsace, French actor (b. 1893)
- July 31
- Pascual Jordan, German physicist (b. 1902)
- Mohammed Rafi, Indian singer (b. 1924)
- Bobby Van, American actor (b. 1928)
August[edit]
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- August 1
- Patrick Depailler, French racing driver (b. 1944)
- Strother Martin, American actor (b. 1919)
- August 2 – Donald Ogden Stewart, American writer (b. 1894)
- August 9
- Harry Bell, Australian footballer (b. 1897)
- Jacqueline "Jackie" Cochran, American pilot (b. 1906)
- Elliott Nugent, American actor (b. 1896)
- August 10
- Gareth Evans, British philosopher (b. 1946)
- Yahya Khan, Pakistani general and statesman, 3rd President of Pakistan (b. 1917)
- August 14 – Dorothy Stratten, Canadian actress and model (murdered) (b. 1960)
- August 15 – William Hood Simpson, American general (b. 1888)
- August 18 – Arman, Iranian-born Soviet actor (b. 1921)
- August 19 – Otto Frank, German father of Jewish diarist Anne Frank (b. 1889)
- August 20 – Joe Dassin, American-born French singer-songwriter (b. 1938)
- August 22 – Norman Shelley, British actor (b. 1903)
- August 24 – Yootha Joyce, British actress (b. 1927)
- August 25 – Gower Champion, American theatre director, choreographer and dancer (b. 1919)
- August 26
- Tex Avery, American cartoonist (b. 1908)
- Miliza Korjus, Estonian-Polish opera singer (b. 1909)
September[edit]
- September 3
- Barbara O'Neil, American actress (b. 1909)
- Dirch Passer, Danish actor (b. 1926)
- Duncan Renaldo, American actor (b. 1904)
- September 4
- Pepe Abad, Spanish-born Chilean television presenter and radio host (b. 1932)
- George Murray Burnett, British mathematician and chemist (b. 1921)
- September 8 – Willard Libby, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1908)
- September 9 – Manzoor Ali Khan, Pakistani classical singer (b. 1922)
- September 12 – Lillian Randolph, American actress (b. 1898)
- September 14 – Domingo Acedo, Spanish football player (b. 1898)
- September 15 – Bill Evans, American jazz pianist (b. 1929)
- September 16
- Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist (b. 1896)
- Julio Franco Arango, Colombian Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1914)
- September 17 – Anastasio Somoza Debayle, Nicataguan politician, 2-time President of Nicaragua (killed in action) (b. 1925)
- September 18 – Katherine Anne Porter, American author (b. 1890)
- September 19 – Sol Lesser, American film producer (b. 1890)
- September 23 – Jacobus Johannes Fouché, 5th President of South Africa (b. 1898)
- September 25
- John Bonham, British rock drummer (Led Zeppelin) (b. 1948)
- Lewis Milestone, American film director (b. 1895)
- Marie Under, Estonian poet (b. 1883)
- September 30
- John McGuire, American actor (b. 1929)
- Peter, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1922)
October[edit]
- October 2 – John Kotelawala, Sri Lanka soldier and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Ceylon (b. 1895)
- October 6 – Hattie Jacques, British actress (b. 1922)
- October 7 – Sydney Gordon Russell, English designer and craftsman (b. 1892)
- October 10 – Billie Thomas, American actor (Buckwheat, Our Gang) (b. 1931)
- October 12 – Alberto Demicheli, Uruguayan political figure, President of Uruguay ("de facto") (b. 1896)
- October 15 – Prince Peter of Greece and Denmark (b. 1908)
- October 18 – Hans Ehard, German lawyer and politician (b. 1887)
- October 20 – Lady Isobel Barnett, British television personality (b. 1918)
- October 21
- Hans Asperger, Austrian pediatrician after whom Asperger syndrome was named (b. 1906)
- Valko Chervenkov, Bulgarian politician, 34th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1900)
- Edelmiro Julián Farrell, Argentine general, 28th President of Argentina (d. 1887)
- October 23 – Mariano Suárez, Ecuadorian politician, 27th President of Ecuador (b. 1897)
- October 25
- Sahir Ludhianvi, Urdu/Hindustani poet and Hindi film lyricist (b. 1921)
- Virgil Fox, American organist (b. 1912)
- Víctor Galíndez, Argentine boxer (race car accident) (b. 1948)
- October 26 – Marcelo Caetano, Portuguese politician and scholar, 101st Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1906)
- October 27
- Steve Peregrin Took, British rock musician (T. Rex) (b. 1949)
- John Hasbrouck Van Vleck, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
- October 29 – Giorgio Borġ Olivier, Maltese politician and statesman, 7th Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1911)
- October 31 – Elizebeth Smith Friedman, American cryptographer (b. 1892)
November[edit]
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- November 1 – Walker County Jane Doe, unidentified murder victim (b. 1960–1966)
- November 4
- Elsie MacGill, Canadian aeronautical engineer (b. 1904)
- Johnny Owen, Welsh professional boxer (b. 1956)
- November 7 – Steve McQueen, American actor (b. 1930)
- November 9
- Gloria Guinness, Mexican-born American fashion icon (b. 1912)
- Carmel Myers, American actress (b. 1899)
- Victor Sen Yung, American actor (b. 1915)
- November 16
- Boris Aronson, Russian set designer (b. 1898)
- Imogen Hassall, English actress (b. 1942)
- November 18 – Conn Smythe, Canadian NHL coach (b. 1895)
- November 19 – E. J. Bowen, English chemist (b. 1898)
- November 20
- Avtandil Gogoberidze, Soviet football player (b. 1922)
- John McEwen, Australian politician, 18th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1900)
- November 21 – Sara García, Mexican actress (b. 1895)
- November 22
- Norah McGuinness, Northern Irish painter and illustrator (b. 1901)
- Mae West, American actress (b. 1893)
- November 24 – George Raft, American actor (b. 1901)
- November 26 – Rachel Roberts, British actress (b. 1927)
- November 27 – F. Burrall Hoffman, American architect (b. 1882)
- November 29
- Dorothy Day, American journalist, activist, Roman Catholic convert and servant of God (b. 1897)
- Babe London, American actress and comedian (b. 1901)
December[edit]
- December 2
- Jean Donovan, American Roman Catholic missionary (b. 1953)
- Murder of the Three American Roman Catholic fellow missionaries by Salvadorian military:
- Maura Clarke (b. 1931)
- Ita Ford (b. 1940)
- Dorothy Kazel (b. 1939)
- Romain Gary, Lithuanian-born writer (b. 1914)
- December 3 – Sir Oswald Mosley, British fascist leader (b. 1896)
- December 4
- Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Portuguese lawyer, 109th Prime Minister of Portugal (killed in plane crash) (b. 1934)
- Stanisława Walasiewicz, Polish-born runner (b. 1911)
- December 7 – Darby Crash, American rock songwriter, singer (Germs) (suicide) (b. 1958)
- December 8 – John Lennon, British singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Beatles) (murdered) (b. 1940)
- December 9 – Patriarch Benedict I of Jerusalem (b. 1892)
- December 11 – Dorothy West, American actress (b. 1891)
- December 12
- Bruno Bartolozzi, Italian composer (b. 1911)
- Erich Jantsch, Austrian astrophysicist (b. 1929)
- Severino Montano, Filipino actor, director and playwright (b. 1915)
- December 14 – Elston Howard, American baseball player (b. 1929)
- December 16
- Colonel Sanders, American fast-food entrepreneur (b. 1890)
- Hellmuth Walter, German engineer and inventor (b. 1900)
- Peter Collinson, British film director (b. 1936)
- December 17 – Chiang Kuei, Chinese novelist (b. 1908)
- December 18
- Frances Fuller, American actress (b. 1907)
- Alexei Kosygin, Soviet politician, Premier of the Soviet Union (b. 1904)
- Sir Albert Margai, 2nd Prime Minister of Sierra Leone (b. 1910)
- December 19 – Héctor José Cámpora, Argentine Peronist politician, 38th President of Argentina (b. 1909)
- December 21 – Marc Connelly, American playwright (b. 1890)
- December 23 – Frank Norman, English novelist, playwright and autobiographer (b. 1930)
- December 24
- Karl Dönitz, German admiral and 4th President of Germany (b. 1891)
- Heikki Liimatainen, Finnish Olympic athlete (b. 1894)
- Siggie Nordstrom, American model, actress, entertainer, socialite and lead singer (The Nordstrom Sisters) (b. 1893)
- December 25 – Victoria Drummond, first woman marine engineer in Britain (b. 1894)
- December 26
- Richard Chase, American serial killer (b. 1950)
- Alexey Eybozhenko, Soviet actor (b. 1934)
- December 28
- Alfredo Barrera Vásquez, Mexican anthropologist (b. 1900)
- Sam Levene, American actor (b. 1905)
- December 29 – Tim Hardin, American musician (b. 1941)
- December 30 – Giuseppe Carraro, Italian Roman Catholic bishop and venerable (b. 1899)
- December 31
- Marshall McLuhan, Canadian author and professor (b. 1911)
- Raoul Walsh, American film director (b. 1887)
Date Unknown[edit]
- Nureddine Rifai, 25th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1899)
Nobel Prizes[edit]
- Physics – James Watson Cronin, Val Logsdon Fitch
- Chemistry – Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger
- Medicine – Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D. Snell
- Literature – Czesław Miłosz
- Peace – Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
- Economics – Lawrence Klein
References[edit]
- ^ "Egyptian History (Part 3)". OnThisDay.com. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ^ "V&A Archives". www.VAM.ac.uk. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ^ "The Investigations at a Glance; Origin Disclosure Results Inquiries Under Way". The New York Times. February 10, 1980.
- ^ host, just. "Welcome retrocaricons.com - Justhost.com". www.RetroCarIcons.com. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ^ "About That Urban Renaissance…". ChicagoMag.com. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ^ "The Telegram". www.TheTelegram.com. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ^ ANC.org.za Archived October 17, 1997, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Cern Authentication". ref.web.CERN.ch. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ^ "Black Country History". BlackCountryHistory.org. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
