1.
CR Vasco da Gama
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Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama, usually known as Vasco da Gama, is a famous traditional Brazilian multisports club from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was founded on August 21,1898, by Portuguese immigrants and it is one of the most popular clubs in Brazil, with more than 20 million supporters. Its statute defines the club as a sportive, recreative, educational, assistant and their home stadium is São Januário, with a capacity of 21,880, the third biggest in Rio de Janeiro, but some matches are played at the Maracanã. They play in shirts with a white diagonal sash that contains a Cross pattée, black shorts. The club is named after the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama, in the late 19th century rowing was the most important sport in Rio de Janeiro. On August 21,1898 in a room of the Sons of Talma Dramatic Society, with 62 members, the Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama was born. Inspired by the celebrations of the 4th centenary of the first sail from Europe to India, football was included only with the fusion with Lusitania Clube, other mostly Portuguese immigrants club. Beginning in the leagues, Vasco became champion of the league B in 1922. In its first championship in League A – in 1923, Vasco became champion with a team formed by whites, blacks, football in Brazil back then was a sport for the elites, and Vasco da Gamas racially diverse squad didnt appease them. The former President of Vasco, José Augusto Prestes answered with a letter that became known as the Historic Answer, after a few years, the racism barriers fell. Vasco da Gama had led the move toward a more inclusive soccer culture, forward-thinking not employed by leaders from Fluminense, in 1925 Vasco was readmitted into the elite league, with its black and mulatto players. By 1933, when football became professional in Brazil, most of the big clubs had players in them. Players such as Ademir, Moacyr Barbosa, Bellini and Ipojucan defended Vascos colors during that period, Pelé scored his 1, 000th professional goal against CR Vasco on 19 November 1969, in front of 65,157 spectators. The goal, popularly named O Milésimo, occurred in a match against Vasco, after winning the Campeonato Brasileiro in 1997, beating Palmeiras in the final, Vasco started its Projeto Tóquio, and invested US$10 million to win the 1998 Copa Libertadores. Vasco won the Copa Libertadores, beating Barcelona of Ecuador in the final, by winning 1998 Copa Libertadores, Vasco da Gama challenged the UEFA Champions League champion Real Madrid at 1998 Intercontinental Cup, in Tokyo, Japan. By winning the 1998 Copa Libertadores, Vasco entered the inaugural 2000 FIFA Club World Championship held in Brazil, also in 2000, Vasco won the Copa Mercosur against Palmeiras in a historical match. Losing 0–3 in the end of first-half, with Palmeiras scoring 2 goals in less than a minute, Vasco managed to score 3 goals and drew the game, 3–3. In the 93 Romário scored a goal and Vasco won the match
2.
Kit (association football)
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In association football, kit is the standard equipment and attire worn by players. The sports Laws of the Game specify the minimum kit which a player must use, footballers generally wear identifying numbers on the backs of their shirts. Professional clubs also usually display players surnames or nicknames on their shirts, Football kit has evolved significantly since the early days of the sport when players typically wore thick cotton shirts, knickerbockers and heavy rigid leather boots. The Laws of the Game set out the equipment which must be worn by all players in Law 4. Five separate items are specified, shirt, shorts, socks, footwear, goalkeepers are allowed to wear tracksuit bottoms instead of shorts. While most players wear studded football boots, the Laws do not specify that these are required, shirts must have sleeves, and goalkeepers must wear shirts which are easily distinguishable from all other players and the match officials. Thermal undershorts may be worn, but must be the colour as the shorts themselves. Shin pads must be covered entirely by the stockings, be made of rubber, plastic or a similar material, and provide a reasonable degree of protection. The only other restriction on equipment defined in the Laws of the Game is the requirement that a player must not use equipment or wear anything that is dangerous to himself or another player. In the event of a match between teams who would wear identical or similar colours the away team must change to a different colour. The England national team plays in red shirts even when it is not required. Many professional clubs also have a kit, ostensibly to be used if both their first-choice and away colours are deemed too similar to those of an opponent. Most professional clubs have retained the basic colour scheme for several decades. Teams representing countries in international competition generally wear national colours in common with other sporting teams of the same nation, shirts are normally made of a polyester mesh, which does not trap the sweat and body heat in the same way as a shirt made of a natural fibre. Depending on local rules, there may be restrictions on how large these logos may be or on what logos may be displayed, competitions such as the Premier League may also require players to wear patches on their sleeves depicting the logo of the competition. The captain of team is usually required to wear an elasticated armband around the left sleeve to identify him as the captain to the referee. Most current players wear specialist football boots, which can be either of leather or a synthetic material. Modern boots are cut slightly below the ankles, as opposed to the high-ankled boots used in former times, studs may be either moulded directly to the sole or be detachable, normally by means of a screw thread
3.
Football in Brazil
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Association football is the most popular sport in Brazil. It is among the favorites to win the trophy every time the competition is scheduled, after Brazil won its third World Cup in 1970, they were awarded the Jules Rimet Trophy permanently. But 365 days before World Cup 2014 began, Brazils FIFA World Rank dropped to 22nd, Brazil has also won an Olympic Gold Medal, at the 2016 Summer Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro. Pelé, arguably the greatest footballer ever, led Brazil to three of those championships, the governing body of football in Brazil is the Brazilian Football Confederation. Football was introduced to Brazil by a Scottish expatriate named Thomas Donohoe, the first football match played in Brazil was in April 1894, played on a pitch marked out by Donohoe next to his workplace in Bangu. In the 1870s, like many other British workers, a Scottish expatriate named John Miller worked on the construction project in São Paulo with other European immigrants. In 1884, Miller sent his ten-year-old son Charles William Miller to Bannister School in Southampton, England, team, and later into the county team of Hampshire. In 1888, the first sports club was founded in the city, in 1892, while still in England, Charles was invited to play a game for Corinthian F. C. a team formed of players invited from public schools and universities. On his return to Brazil, Charles brought some football equipment and he then taught the rules of the game to players in São Paulo. São Paulo Athletic Club won the first three years championships, Millers skills were far above his colleagues at this stage. He was given the honor of contributing his name to a move involving a flick of the ball with the heel Chaleira. The first match played by one of Millers teams was six months after Donohoes, Charles Miller kept a strong bond with English football throughout his life. Teams from Southampton and Corinthians travelled to Brazil to play against São Paulo Athletic Club, after a tour of Corinthians F. C. to Brazil in 1910, a new team in Brazil took on the name of Corinthians after a suggestion from Miller. The Brazilian Football Confederation was founded in 1914, but the current format for the Campeonato Brasileiro was only established in 1959, in 1988, Sport Club Corinthians Paulista celebrated playing the English side Corinthian-Casuals F. C at the Morumbi Stadium. To celebrate their shared history, Sócrates changed shirts to play alongside the English amateurs when the score was 1–0 in favour of the locals and this did not affect the score, however, although a largely-full stadium was cheering for a draw between the sides. In 2014, Brazil was one of the eight nations to take part in the first Unity World Cup, the team played the opening game with notable players such as Beto, Fabio Luciano and Carlos Luciano da Silva. Football is the most popular sport in Brazil, Football quickly became a passion for Brazilians, who often refer to their country as o País do Futebol. Over 10,000 Brazilians play professionally around the world, Football has a major effect on Brazilian culture
4.
Nova Friburgo
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Nova Friburgo is a municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro in southeastern Brazil. It is located in the region, in the Center Mesoregion of the state,136 km from its capital Rio de Janeiro. The town is 846 metres above sea level and its population was 184,786 and its area is 933 km². The main economic activities are the undergarment industry, olericulture, goat raising, various industries, it’s also the coldest city of the state. Up to the 19th century, the region of the present Nova Friburgo was inhabited by Coroado Purí Indians, in 1818, King John VI was interested in improving the relationship with Germany, in order to obtain support against the French empire. He then proposed a settlement that would promote the civilization in Brazil. Between 1819 and 1820, the region was settled by 265 Swiss families and it was named Nova Friburgo by the Swiss after the homeland of most of the families. Following the Independence of Brazil in 1822, the Imperial Government continued the policy of populating the nation by attracting European colonization. Eighty German families previously assigned to settlements in the Province of Bahia, for unknown reasons ended up in Nova Friburgo, similar arrivals of Italians, Portuguese and a minority of Syrians led to such population increases that the once village was elevated to city status on 8 January 1890. In 1872, the Baron of Nova Friburgo brought to the region the Leopoldina Railroad, agriculture was the basis of economic activity until 1910, when the arrival of industrialists pioneered the development of an industrial sector still thriving to the present day. Of similar importance was the proximity to Niterói and Rio de Janeiro. This encouraged a small tourist industry to grow, which, together with local commerce, the population was left with no water, electricity, food or gas. Nova Friburgo has a tropical climate, with fresh and dry winters and humid. Annual average temperature is 19 °C, the city has a strong drive towards tourism due to the landscape, rivers, trails and bucolic spots. It has the second largest network of hotels of the state, the urban district is visited for its cold climate, the tranquility and romanticism. However, there are also more distant to the center. The district of Lumiar is one of the most important sites for these sports in the state. Nova Friburgo is known as the capital of the undergarment industry, due to the vast production and variety of models
5.
Spain
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By population, Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spains capital and largest city is Madrid, other urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Bilbao. Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago, in the Middle Ages, the area was conquered by Germanic tribes and later by the Moors. Spain is a democracy organised in the form of a government under a constitutional monarchy. It is a power and a major developed country with the worlds fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP. Jesús Luis Cunchillos argues that the root of the span is the Phoenician word spy. Therefore, i-spn-ya would mean the land where metals are forged, two 15th-century Spanish Jewish scholars, Don Isaac Abravanel and Solomon ibn Verga, gave an explanation now considered folkloric. Both men wrote in two different published works that the first Jews to reach Spain were brought by ship by Phiros who was confederate with the king of Babylon when he laid siege to Jerusalem. This man was a Grecian by birth, but who had given a kingdom in Spain. He became related by marriage to Espan, the nephew of king Heracles, Heracles later renounced his throne in preference for his native Greece, leaving his kingdom to his nephew, Espan, from whom the country of España took its name. Based upon their testimonies, this eponym would have already been in use in Spain by c.350 BCE, Iberia enters written records as a land populated largely by the Iberians, Basques and Celts. Early on its coastal areas were settled by Phoenicians who founded Western Europe´s most ancient cities Cadiz, Phoenician influence expanded as much of the Peninsula was eventually incorporated into the Carthaginian Empire, becoming a major theater of the Punic Wars against the expanding Roman Empire. After an arduous conquest, the peninsula came fully under Roman Rule, during the early Middle Ages it came under Germanic rule but later, much of it was conquered by Moorish invaders from North Africa. In a process took centuries, the small Christian kingdoms in the north gradually regained control of the peninsula. The last Moorish kingdom fell in the same year Columbus reached the Americas, a global empire began which saw Spain become the strongest kingdom in Europe, the leading world power for a century and a half, and the largest overseas empire for three centuries. Continued wars and other problems led to a diminished status. The Napoleonic invasions of Spain led to chaos, triggering independence movements that tore apart most of the empire, eventually democracy was peacefully restored in the form of a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Spain joined the European Union, experiencing a renaissance and steady economic growth
6.
Brazil
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Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the worlds fifth-largest country by area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to wildlife, a variety of ecological systems. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral, who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808, when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, in 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a state governed under a constitutional monarchy. The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature, the country became a presidential republic in 1889 following a military coup détat. An authoritarian military junta came to power in 1964 and ruled until 1985, Brazils current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic. The federation is composed of the union of the Federal District, the 26 states, Brazils economy is the worlds ninth-largest by nominal GDP and seventh-largest by GDP as of 2015. A member of the BRICS group, Brazil until 2010 had one of the worlds fastest growing economies, with its economic reforms giving the country new international recognition. Brazils national development bank plays an important role for the economic growth. Brazil is a member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, Unasul, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States, CPLP. Brazil is a power in Latin America and a middle power in international affairs. One of the worlds major breadbaskets, Brazil has been the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years and it is likely that the word Brazil comes from the Portuguese word for brazilwood, a tree that once grew plentifully along the Brazilian coast. In Portuguese, brazilwood is called pau-brasil, with the word brasil commonly given the etymology red like an ember, formed from Latin brasa and the suffix -il. As brazilwood produces a red dye, it was highly valued by the European cloth industry and was the earliest commercially exploited product from Brazil. The popular appellation eclipsed and eventually supplanted the official Portuguese name, early sailors sometimes also called it the Land of Parrots. In the Guarani language, a language of Paraguay, Brazil is called Pindorama
7.
Real Betis
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Real Betis Balompié, SAD, more commonly referred to as Real Betis or just Betis, is a Spanish football club based in Sevilla, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded on 12 September 1907, it plays in La Liga and it holds home games at Estadio Benito Villamarín in the south of the city. Real Betis won the title in 1935 and the Copa del Rey in 1977 and 2005. Given the clubs history and many relegations, its motto is Viva el Betis manque pierda. The name Betis is derived from Baetis, the Roman name for the Guadalquivir river which passes through Sevilla, Real was added in 1914 after the club received patronage from King Alfonso XIII. Betis city rivals Sevilla FC were the first club in Sevilla, founded in October 1905, while a second club, Balompié translates literally as football, as opposed to the most commonly adopted anglicised version, fútbol. Following an internal split from Sevilla FC, another club was formed, in 1914, they merged with Sevilla Balompié. The club received its royal patronage in the year. The club reached the Copa del Presidente de la República final for the first time on 21 June 1931, under the guidance of Irish coach Patrick OConnell on 28 April 1935 Betis won the La Liga, to date their only top division title. They topped the table by a point over Madrid FC. A year later Betis went down to seventh, despite a brief return to the top division which lasted only one season, the club continued to decline and in 1947 the worst fears were reached when they were relegated to Tercera División. Many fans see the ten years spent in the category as key to the identity. During this time, Betis earned a reputation for filling its stadium and having a support at away matches. When the side returned to the level in 1954, it gained the distinction of being the only club in Spain to have won all three major divisions titles. Much of the credit for guiding Betis through this dark period, in 1955, Manuel Ruiz Rodríguez stepped down from running the club believing he could not offer further economic growth, he was replaced by Betis most famous former president, Benito Villamarín. During his reign Betis returned to the top division in 1958–59 and his purchase of the Estadio Heliópolis in 1961 is seen as a key point in the history of the club – the grounds were called the Estadio Benito Villamarín until 1997. In 1965, Villamarín stepped down from his position ten years at the helm of the club. Just one year after Villamaríns departure, the club would again be relegated to two, then rising and falling almost consecutively until consolidating their place in the top level in 1974–75
8.
Daylight saving time in Brazil
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Daylight saving time in Brazil was first adopted in 1931. Initially, it applied to the country, since 1988. The duration and regional applicability of DST has varied over the years, as of 2013, DST is used only in the southern region, the southeast region, and the central-west region. Near-past and near-future years in which the end of DST is scheduled to be postponed are 2012,2015,2023,2026,2034, and 2037. On 8 September 2008, Presidential Decree n.6.558 established fixed start and end dates,7.584, of 13 October 2011, added the state of Bahia to the list of DST observing territories. In 2012, the states were changed again, Bahia was excluded from daylight saving time. Tocantins stopped observing daylight saving time in 2013, time in Brazil Daylight saving time by country
9.
Time in Brazil
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Time in Brazil is calculated using standard time, and the country is divided into four standard time zones, UTC−02,00, UTC−03,00, UTC−04,00 and UTC−05,00. Only part of the country observes daylight saving time, or summer time and these areas are the Southern, Southeast and Central-Western Brazilian states. This is the time zone only on a few small offshore Atlantic islands. The only such island with a permanent population is Fernando de Noronha, the other islands either are totally uninhabited or have small seasonally rotating Brazilian Navy garrisons or teams of scientists. This zone is at UTC−02,00 and it not use daylight saving time. The main time zone of Brazil corresponds to the time at the capital city. All the other zones are given as offsets to it. In addition to the Federal District, it comprises the states in the Southeast Region, the South Region, the small islands mentioned above are excepted. Almost 94% of the Brazilian population live in time zone. Outside of summer time, it corresponds to UTC−03,00, during summer time, it changes to UTC−02,00, but this change is not followed by Northern and Northeastern states. Outside of summer time, this time zone corresponds to UTC−04,00, during time, it changes to UTC−03,00. This time zone is used in the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, although this time zone covers about 34% of the land area of Brazil, little more than 5% of the countrys population live there. Until 2008, the areas of the state of Pará west of the Xingu River and north of the Amazon River were also part of time zone. Although other changes to Brazilian time zones enacted at that time have since been reverted and this time zone was reinstated in 2013, after having been abolished for over five years. It is used in the tip of the country, which includes the entire state of Acre. These areas cover only about 6% of the Brazilian territory and have only about 0. 5% of the countrys population, on 24 June 2008, these areas advanced their clocks by an hour, so that they became part of the UTC−04,00 time zone. However, in a referendum held on 31 October 2010. On 30 October 2013, Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff enacted Law 12876, since then, the state of Acre and 13 municipalities in the southwestern part of the state of Amazonas are again 5 hours behind UTC
10.
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista
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Sport Club Corinthians Paulista is a Brazilian multi-sport club based in Tatuapé, São Paulo. Although they compete in a number of different sports, Corinthians is mostly known for its association football team. In 2000 the club won the inaugural FIFA Club World Cup as the host nations representative, the clubs home kit traditionally features white shirts and black shorts, accompanied by white socks, since 1920. Their traditional crest was introduced in 1939, by modernist painter Francisco Rebolo featuring the São Paulo state flag in a shield and they hold many long-standing rivalries, most notably against Palmeiras and São Paulo. In 1910 the football in Brazil was an elitist sport, the top clubs were formed by people who were part of the upper classes. Among them were Club Athletico Paulistano, São Paulo Athletic Club, lower-class society excluded from larger clubs founded their own minnow clubs and only played floodplain football. It was August 31,1910 when these workers were watching a match featuring a London-based club touring Brazil, after the match, while the group returned home, The men spoke of partnerships, business ideas, and general dreams of grandeur. In the mind of each one surfaced a great idea, the foundation of a club, after several exchanges in a lively argument, the arguments led to the conclusion that they would meet the next day to make a dream into reality. In anticipation of heavy rains, the agreed to meet after sundown in public sight. That night at 8, 30pm, on Rua José Paulino (Rua dos Imigrantes, underneath the glow of an oil lamp the five workers reunited alongside their guest and neighbors from Bom Retiro. That night the club was founded, alongside its board of directors, on September 14, Luis Fabi scored Corinthians first goal against Estrela Polar, another amateur club in the city, and Corinthians won their first game 2–0. Just one year after joining the league, Corinthians was crowned champion for the first time, and were again two years later. There were many fly-by-night teams popping up in São Paulo at the time, the year of 1922, the Centennial of Brazilian Independence, marks the start of Corinthians hegemony in the São Paulo State Championship. As football was almost exclusively played at Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo by that time, after defeating the Rio de Janeiro State Championship champion of that year, América, Corinthians joined the company of the great teams in Brazil. The same year marked the first of three State Championships in a row, something that happened again in 1928–30 and 1937–39. Corinthians seemed destined to win State Championships in threes, after six years without being a champions, the 1940s were a more difficult time, and the club would win a championship in 1941 and would only win their next in 1951. At the beginning of the 1950s Corinthians made history in the São Paulo Championship. In 1951, the composed of Carbone, Cláudio, Luisinho, Baltasar and Mário scored 103 goals in thirty matches of the São Paulo Championship
11.
Cruzeiro Esporte Clube
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Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, commonly known as Cruzeiro and nicknamed Raposa, is a Brazilian multisport club based in Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte. Although they compete in a number of different sports, Cruzeiro is mostly known for its football team. It plays in the Campeonato Mineiro, the state of Minas Geraiss premier state league, as well as in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Cruzeiro are one of the four Brazilian clubs to have never been relegated, along with São Paulo, Flamengo and Santos. As a result of the Second World War, the Brazilian federal government banned the use of any symbols referring to the Axis powers in 1942, the club board members rebaptized the club with the name of a leading national symbol, the Cruzeiro do Suls constellation. Cruzeiro play their games at the Mineirão stadium, which currently holds up to 62,547 spectators. Cruzeiros regular kit colours are blue shirts and white shorts with blue socks, umbro are the sides current kit manufacturers. Cruzeiro is one of Brazils most successful clubs despite its young age and it won the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A for the first time in 1966, after defeating Santos Os Santásticos in the final series. Cruzeiro has won the Brasileirão again in 2003,2013 and 2014, Cruzeiro has also won four Copa do Brasil titles and the Campeonato Mineiro 37 times. Cruzeiro won the state competitions Taça Minas Gerais five times, the Copa dos Campeões Mineiros twice, Copa Sul Minas twice, the Torneio Início 10 times. A Raposa also obtained many international laurels such as two Copa Libertadores, two Supercopa Libertadores, one Recopa Sudamericana, one Copa de Oro and one Copa Master de Supercopa, Cruzeiro hold a long-standing rivalry against Atlético Mineiro. Cruzeiros history is traced back to the Italian community living in Belo Horizonte, similar to the Italians of São Paulo the people of Belo Horizonte wanted the Italian colonies in Minas Gerais to have its own club as well. Was born at that moment, the Società Sportiva Palestra Italia, the meeting was attended by 95 founders present the shield and uniform that made reference to the Italian colors, and whose SSPI description would be recorded in the center shell. Another definition was right that members of the Italian colony could wear the shirt time. Aurelio Noce was elected the first President, the Palestra Italia emerged as the representative of the Italian colony. The idea of the club being created took a big step when Yale, when some players left Yale over a dispute, some went on to found the all Italian, Sociedade Esportiva Palestra Itália of Belo Horizonte. Until 1925 the club would only allow Italian men to participate, despite other teams in the nation accepting people of all skin colors, Palestra debuted in the Prado Mineiro Stadium with a 2–0 win in a friendly on April 3,1921, against a combination from Nova Lima. The Nova Lima team united players from two teams from the city, Villa Nova, and Palmeiras, another team form Nova Lima, however the first official match of Palestra was in a 3–0 win over future archrivals Clube Atlético Mineiro. In 1927, in a Mineiro Championship match, the most extreme result in the history of rivalry was a 9-2 victory by Atlético
12.
Guarani FC
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Guarani Futebol Clube is a Brazilian football club located in Campinas, São Paulo. It is also known as Bugre, a term for an Indigenous Brazilian. Those students usually played football at Praça Carlos Gomes, vicente Matallo became Guaranis first president. Guarani was named after maestro Antônio Carlos Gomes opera Il Guarany, Antônio Carlos Gomes was born in Campinas, Brazil, and is one of the most distinguished nineteenth century classical composers. In 1949, Guarani won Campeonato Paulista Second Division, gaining the right to play in the first division in the following year, as of 2012, Guarani is the only Brazilian country side team to have won the national championship. The club won Campeonato Brasileiro in 1978, after defeating Palmeiras, in 1979, the club was a semi-finalist in the Copa Libertadores, but was eliminated by Club Olimpia, which would later become the champion. This was Guaranis best performance in competitions to date. In 2016, Guarani qualified for playoff semifinals of 2016 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, Guaranis biggest rival is Ponte Preta, who also hail from Campinas. The games between Guarani and Ponte Preta are known as Derby Campineiro, note, Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality
13.
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras
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Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras is a professional football club, based in São Paulo, Brazil. The club was founded on August 26,1914, as Palestra Italia and it is one of the most popular and successful Brazilian clubs, with around 17 million supporters and 126,000 season ticket holders, including a large number of Brazilians of Italian ancestry. Despite being primarily a football team, Palmeiras competes in a number of different sports. Palmeiras is one of the most successful clubs in Brazilian football, the team has won 13 national competitions, more than any other club in Brazil. The clubs most important titles are 1 Copa Libertadores,9 Brazilian National League Titles and 4 national cups, Palmeiras is also the second most valuable club in the Americas, being worth R$1.5 billion in 2016 by Forbes Mexico. In 1951, Palmeiras won the Copa Rio, hailed as the first World Club cup, in 1999, the team was declared the Champion of the Century in Brazilian football. Its original colors were red, white and green, the original badge is still present in the current one, and the club has used red as a third color. Just over three earlier, Italy had been unified – a fact that was not known to some Italian-Brazilians. There were numerous Italian clubs, but each one represented an Italian Province or was geared to activities other than football, at the time, the game was starting to take hold and drew many players and fans. After several meetings,46 interested individuals gathered at the Alhambra Room on what is now Rua do Riachuelo, ezequiel Simone was named club president. The Italian Consulate in São Paulo became interested in the new club because it would spread the word among Italians that their country now had one flag. After some initial difficulties, Palestra Italia played its first game in the town of Votorantim – beating Savoy 2–0 with goals from Bianco, in 1916, the team joined the citys main sports league and held its first official championship match. The following year it would be runner-up in the São Paulo State Championship, Palestra won that initial game 3–0 with three goals from Caetano, it also won the rematch 3–1 of what would become the teams chief rivalry. In 1920, Palestra Italia captured the São Paulo State championship with a victory over the rugged Paulistano squad in the deciding match, Palestra continued to grow as a sports club and also began acquiring more assets. Estádio Palestra Itália, purchased in 1920, was remodeled and expanded in 1933 – when it became the first Brazilian stadium with concrete grandstands and barbed-wire fences. Starting in 1964, the field would be suspended, which gave fans a complete, broad view. In 1942 during World War II, the government of President Getúlio Vargas made a decree banning any organization from using names related to the Axis Powers, Palestra Italia was compelled to change its name, and became Palestra São Paulo. Palestra is a Greek word that did not violate the government measure, however, the change did not soothe political and sporting pressures
14.
Santos FC
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Santos Futebol Clube, commonly known as Santos or Peixe, is a Brazilian professional football club based in Vila Belmiro, a bairro in the city of Santos. Despite being primarily a club, Santos compete in a number of different sports, including American football, surfing. It plays in the Paulistão, the State of São Paulos premier state league, as well as the Brasileirão, Santos are one of the only four clubs to have never been relegated, along with São Paulo, Flamengo and Cruzeiro. Since then, Santos became one of Brazils most successful clubs, becoming a symbol of Jogo Bonito in football culture, the most recognized Santista anthem is the Leão do Mar written by Mangeri Neto. Os Santásticos, considered by some the best club team of all times, won a total of 24 titles during that decade including five consecutive Brasileirões, a feat that remains unequaled until today. Os Santásticos also became the first squad in the world to win the Continental Treble, winning the Paulistão, the Brasileirão, Santos is the most successful club in the Brasileirão, becoming national champions on eight occasions, a record they share with Palmeiras. On January 20,1998, Santos became the first team, in any category in the world, to reach the milestone of 10,000 goals in the history of football. The Peixe play their games at the Vila Belmiro, which currently holds up to 20,120 spectators. Santos regular kit is white shirts, with white shorts, accompanied by white socks, Santos holds many long-standing rivalries, most notably against São Paulo, Palmeiras and Corinthians. It has contributed many key and famous players towards Brazils FIFA World Cup squads, including world champions out of its 45 contributors. In 2013, the club is the 2nd most valuable club in Brazil and Latin America, in terms of revenue, Santos is Brazils 4th richest sports club and one of the biggest football clubs in the world, generating an annual turnover of over $114 million in 2012. In the beginning of the 20th century, the city of Santos grew to become of importance to Brazil. Its port became one of the largest in the world with coffee, with the influx of income, the wealthy socialites of the city became increasingly interested in having the city represented in sports. Football was introduced to Santos in 1902 via the Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie, however, Atlético Internacional dissolved in 1910 and Americano moved to São Paulo in 1911. With the city students dissatisfied at this turn of events, a meeting was held at the headquarters of the Concordia Club, with the aim of creating a football team. The conference, which lasted 14 hours, was spearheaded by three sportsmen from the city, Raymundo Marques Francisco, Mário Ferraz de Campos and Argemiro de Souza Junior, during the meeting, there was doubt as to the name that should be given to the club. Several suggestions emerged, África Futebol Clube, Associação Esportiva Brasil, Concórdia Futebol Clube, but the participants unanimously approved the proposal of Edmundo Jorge de Araujo, Santos Foot-Ball Club. Thus, the club was born on April 14,1912
15.
Clube de Regatas do Flamengo
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Clube de Regatas do Flamengo, commonly referred to as Flamengo, is a Brazilian sports club based in Rio de Janeiro. The club was established in 1895, although it did not play its first official game until 1912 and its traditional playing colors are red and black hooped shirts with white shorts and red and black hooped socks. The team achieved the most prestigious accolade in South American football when they defeated Cobreloa 2–0 in the Estadio Centenario in Montevideo to become champions of South America and they subsequently became known as the Geração de Ouro, or the Golden Generation. That same year, Flamengo became world champions after defeating Liverpool 3–0 in Tokyo. Flamengo is the most popular team in Brazil, with over 39.1 million supporters as of 2010, the club has long-standing rivalries with nearby neighbors Fluminense, Botafogo and Vasco da Gama. There is also a rivalry with Atlético Mineiro. Flamengo was founded on 17 November 1895 as a club by José Agostinho Pereira da Cunha, Mário Spindola, Nestor de Barros, Augusto Lopes, José Félix da Cunha Meneses. The group used to gather at Café Lamas, in the Flamengo neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, Rowing was the elite sport in Rio de Janeiro in the late 19th century. The young men hoped that forming a club would make them popular with the young ladies of the citys high society. They could only afford a used boat named Pherusa, which had to be rebuilt before it could be used in competition. The team debuted on October 6,1895 when they sailed off the Caju Point, from the Maria Angu beach, however, strong winds turned over the boat and the rowers nearly drowned. They were rescued by a boat named Leal. Afterwards, as the Pherusa was undergoing repairs, the boat was stolen, the group then had to save up money to buy a new boat, the Etoile, renamed Scyra. On the night of 17 November, the group, gathered at Nestor de Barross manor on Flamengo beach, founded the Flamengo Rowing Group and elected its first board, the name was changed a few weeks later to Clube de Regatas do Flamengo. The founders also decided that the anniversary of the foundation should be celebrated on 15 November, so as to coincide with the Day of the Republic. Flamengo only embraced football when a group of dissatisfied players from Fluminense Football Club broke away from that club following a dispute with its board, the players decided to join Flamengo because Borgerth, the teams captain, was also a rower for Flamengo. Admittance of the new members was approved on 8 November 1911, a motion against the club taking part in football tournaments was defeated, and the members assembly officially created the football team on 24 December,1911. The new team used to train on Russel beach, and gradually gained the support of the locals, the first official match was played on 3 May 1912 and is, to this day, the most spectacular victory of the club, as the team defeated Mangueira 16-2
16.
Coritiba Foot Ball Club
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Coritiba Foot Ball Club, commonly known as Coritiba or Coxa Branca, is a Brazilian football club from Curitiba in the state of Paraná. Founded in 1909, it is the oldest football club in the state, Coritiba have won the Campeonato Paranaense 37 times – more than both of its main rivals combined. Coritiba has won the Brazilian Championship once in 1985, and the holds the world record for consecutive victories in all competitions. Coritiba is the club who have six consecutive Paranaense titles. Coritiba is also the club with the most appearances in this championship, the club are currently in first place on the FPF ranking, 14th place on the CBF ranking, 83rd place on the Conmebol ranking and 125th on the international IFFHS ranking. The club has more than 30,000 members, as of 2013, Coritiba has partnerships with Porto and Benfica of Portugal, Chivas Guadalajara of Mexico, Daegu of South Korea and VVV-Venlo of the Netherlands. Coritiba is the first football club in the south of Brazil to begin to embrace American football, in 1909, a group of young men met in the Clube Ginástico Teuto-Brasileiro Turnverein, where the German immigrant community of Curitiba gathered to play a variety of sports. In July of that year, a prominent member of the club and he explained to his friends that it was a football and he explained the rules of this new game. Fritz and his friends within the club started organizing matches in the field of the Quartel da Força Pública, later, an invitation came to play a match against a club of workers, many of them British, from the Ponta Grossa railway. On October 12,1909, Fritz called a meeting in the old Theatro Hauer to arrange the first match, a decision was made to form a club, the first in the State, and to call it Teuto-Brasileiro. On October 23,1909, in Ponta Grossa, the club had its first official match, the opponents were Clube de Foot Ball de Tiro Pontagrossense, made up of employees from the South American Brazilian Engineering Company. The match was won by Tiro Pontagrossense, with a 1–0 scoreline, after the match in Ponta Grossa, the clubs founders and members were excited by the new game, and decided to dedicate their club exclusively to football. Finally, on January 30,1910, the independent Coritibano Foot Ball Club was formed, the name was chosen as this is what the team had played as at their first match in Ponta Grossa. The first club meeting was held on April 21,1910, Fritz was named captain of the team. It was also during this meeting that the name of the club was changed and this was to avoid confusion with a social club in the city called Coritibano. The foundation of Coritiba Foot Ball Club effectively launched organized football in the state of Paraná, the search for a football ground began and the Hipódromo do Guabirotuba was chosen. It was also the home of the Jockey Clube do Paraná until 1955, bleachers were needed to accommodate spectactors and, after the new stadium was retrofitted for football, it was named Prado de Guabirotuba. The inauguration took place on June 12,1910, before a match against Ponta Grossa Foot Ball Club and it was the first football match in Curitiba and was viewed by 200 spectators
17.
Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas
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Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas, also known as Botafogo and familiarly as A Estrela Solitária, is a Brazilian sports club based in Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro. Although they compete in a number of different sports, Botafogo is mostly known for its football team. It plays in the Campeonato Carioca, the state of Rio de Janeiros premier state league and it was appointed by FIFA to the group of the biggest clubs in the twentieth century. The club is responsible for the greatest victory ever recorded in Brazilian football. On July 1,1894, Club de Regatas Botafogo was founded, on August 12,1904, another club was founded in the neighbourhood, the Electro Club, the name first given to the Botafogo Football Club. The idea came during a lesson at Alfredo Gomes College. Lets establish another one, in Largo dos Leões, what do you think and we can speak to the Wernecks, to Arthur César, Vicente and Jacques. And so the Electro Club was founded, after a suggestion from Dona Chiquitota, Flávios grandmother, the club finally became the Botafogo Football Club, on September 18 of the same year. Just like Juventus FC, the team of Itamar Tavares, one of the clubs founders, and the badge, drawn by Basílio Vianna Jr. in Swiss style with the BFC monogram. The Botafogo Football Club would soon become one of the strongest football teams in Rio de Janeiro, winning the championships of 1907,1910,1912, the same name, the same location, the same colours and the most important thing, the same supporters. It seemed that the destiny of both clubs was to become one, and so it happened, on December 8,1942 they finally merged. It was after a match between both clubs, when Botafogo Football Club player Armando Albano died suddenly, that the idea began to become truth. At the tragic occasion, the president of Club de Regatas Botafogo, Augusto Frederico Schmidt spoke, At this time and we wont play no longer the time left on the clock. We all want the young fighter to leave this night as a winner. This is how we salute him, eduardo Góis Trindade, Botafogo Football Clubs president said, Between the matches of our clubs, only one can be the winner, Botafogo. And then Schmidt declared the fusion, What else do we need to our clubs become one, and so they did, Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas finally became true. The Football Clubs badge became black, and the monogram substituted by Clube de Regatas lone star, the team won the Campeonato Carioca in 1907,1910 and 1912. In 1909 the team beat Mangueira 24–0, which remains the highest score in Brazilian football and they won further state titles in 1930,1932,1933,1934 and 1935
18.
Sociedade Esportiva do Gama
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Sociedade Esportiva do Gama, or Gama, as they are usually called, is a Brazilian football team from Gama in Federal District, founded on November 15,1975. Until the early 1970s, the city of Gama was known only to its amateur teams and this movement has grown more and more the citys desire to have its first professional football club. Founded in 1975 by Mr. Hermínio Ferreira Neves, the Sociedade Esporte do Gama was the first professional team in the city, the founder was president of the amateur team Minas Atlético Clube. Formed initially with players of the most diverse amateur teams of the city, february 21,1976 will be marked as the day of his first professional game, valid for the Press Tournament. Faced with the support of the authorities and the enthusiasm of the local people, in 1977 and 1978, Gama won the bicampeonato of the Tournament Press and its supporter was the one of greater frequency in the stages of the Federal District. Four years after its founding in 1979, the team won its first state title by winning Brasília, with only six years of foundation, in 1981, the club arrived at its first regional title. The team won the Torneio Centro-Oeste by beating Goiânia 2-1 in the aggregate, in 1998, the club won its greatest title to date when winning the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B. On November 15,1975, the day of its founding, the symbol was a pillar of the Alvorada Palace. Intuitively, Mr. Hermínio Ferreira Neves, introduced the symbol in the Palmeiras uniform, curiously, the early players called the DEFER symbol, because that body eventually contributed some material to the teams of the Capital. And in 1978, with reference to the World Cup logo that year, at the end of the project, the arms were excluded and the ball in the center was similar to a beehive, referring to the planning of the sectors of the city. The spelling was adopted and the star by the conquest of Campeonato Brasileiro Série B in 1998 became part of the emblem, gamas stadium is Estádio Walmir Campelo Bezerra, which has a maximum capacity of 20,310 people. The stadium is named after Antônio Walmir Campelo Bezerra, who was the administrator of Gama during the stadium construction. Campeonato Brasileiro Série B,11998 Torneio Centro-Oeste,11981 Campeonato Brasiliense,111979,1990,1994,1995,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2003,2015 Official Site
19.
Sport Club Internacional
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Sport Club Internacional is a Brazilian multisport club based in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Although they compete in a number of different sports, Internacional is mostly known for its football team. They play in red shirts and white shorts and socks, the first of which give the team its nickname of Colorado, the teams home stadium, known as Beira-Rio, was one of the twelve 2014 FIFA World Cup venues and has a capacity of 51,300. Internacional is ranked first in Americas and sixth in the World in number of paying members, Internacional were South American champions in 2010, winning their second Copa Libertadores title. Other international titles include the 2007 Recopa Sudamericana, the 2008 Copa Sudamericana, brothers Henrique, José and Luis Poppe were responsible for founding Sport Club Internacional. The greatest difficulty encountered by the Poppes, when moved from São Paulo to Porto Alegre in 1901, was finding a club that allowed them to play football. At the time there were two clubs in the city, and both were private clubs for those of German ancestry. In 1909 the Poppes convened a group of students and others from Porto Alegre to a meeting on April 4,1909, thus began the history of Sport Club Internacional. More than 40 people voted on the name of the club, another version for the clubs name, points to a tribute to Inter Milan, land of their fathers. The first crest of Sport Club Internacional was designed with the initials SCI in red over a white background, in the Fifties, the colors were inverted, the initials written in white over a red background. After winning the Libertadores again in 2010, yet another star was added, the Forties were remarkable for the Colorados. One of the greatest squads in the history was formed in that decade. They were an extremely offensive team that played from 1939 to 1948, the reason for such superiority dated back to 1926, the year Inter started accepting black players in their squad – something that was not allowed by rivals Grêmio until 1952. That decision ended up strengthening the team, which placed no restrictions and always had the best players and that team included some of the greatest football players in the clubs history. Alfeu, Tesourinha, Abigail, Carlitos, Adãozinho, among others, the term Rolo Compressor was coined to represent Inters power of crushing the opposition in their quest for victories. It showed the superiority of the team at that time, the end of the Forties marked the beginning of an era of growth for Internacional. The club restored the Eucaliptos, their old stadium, to host two matches of the FIFA World Cup in 1950 – Mexico vs Yugoslavia and Mexico vs Switzerland. On the pitch, Inter kept developing great players and provided most of the squad for the team that won the 1956 Pan-American Games in Mexico
20.
Esporte Clube Juventude
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Esporte Clube Juventude, also known as Juventude, is a Brazilian football team in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. The club competed several times in the Série A, won the Copa do Brasil, Juventude was founded on June 29,1913, by 35 youngsters from Caxias do Sul, descendants of Italian immigrants, being one of the first football clubs in that community. Antônio Chiaradia Neto was chosen as the clubs first president, on July 20,1913, Juventude played its first game, against Serrano, from the city of Carlos Barbosa, Rio Grande do Sul. The game ended 4–0 in favor of Juventude, on March 8,1915, Juventude lost its first game ever. Fußball, from the town of Montenegro, beat Juventude 4–1. On October 10,1919, Juventude joined the Rio Grande do Sul state football association In 1920, on December 11,1975, the first match against Caxias was played, which ended 1–0 to Juventude. The goal was scored by Da Silva and this match is known as the Ca-Ju derby. On May 25,1993, Juventude signed a partnership with Parmalat, on December 4,1994, Juventude won the second division of Campeonato Brasileiro, which was the first national title won by the club, gaining promotion to the first division. On June 7,1998, Juventude won the Campeonato Gaúcho without losing a single match, on June 27,1999, Juventude won its most important national title, the Copa do Brasil, gaining the right to contest the Copa Libertadores in the following year. In 2000, Juventude played the Copa Libertadores for the first time, finally in 2013 Juventude finished Série D as 2nd and promoted to Série C for 2014 season. They will compete in the Série B in 2017, juventudes stadium is Estádio Alfredo Jaconi, inaugurated in 1975, with a maximum capacity of 23,519 people. There is another anthem, which is an one, and was composed by Paulo Gazola. Note, Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules, players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality
21.
Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP)
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Botafogo Futebol Clube is a Brazilian association football club based in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, founded on October 12,1918. The club currently competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, in the beginning of the century, the city of Ribeirão Preto had very bitter disputes between football clubs. Every neighborhood had at least one club representing it, in Vila Tibério, there were at least three clubs, União, Paulistano Tiberense and Ideal Futebol Clube. As a result, the neighborhood could never achieve good results in the played in the city. In 1918, representatives of Ideal, through meetings hosted at the Bar Piranha, besides the members of the boards of the three clubs, employees from the old Mogiana Railroad, and employees from the Antarctica Paulista Company participated in the meeting. There was a consensus regarding the formation of a new club that would represent the neighborhood, after a heated discussion, one member was quoted as saying, Either you define the name or just puts fire in everything and end this story. Because of what that member said, the clubs name discussion had an unexpected conclusion, the threat of the incendiary leader ended up helping in the choice of name. The proposal was accepted, and in 1918 the club was named Botafogo Futebol Clube, botafogos debut was in Franca, against local club Esporte Clube Fulgêncio. The match ended 1-0 in favor of the team from Ribeirão Preto, the first title of Botafogo was the São Paulo State Countryside Championship in 1927. In 1956, the won the Ribeirão Preto Centennial Cup. Botafogo also won the Undefeated Cup after a series of 19 games unbeaten, in the same year, the team was also champion of the Second Division of the São Paulo State Championship. In 1962, the club toured in Argentina, where they won nine games, among them, a loss to Boca Juniors 1-2 at La Bombonera, and a victory over Estudiantes de La Plata 5-2. After this trip, the became known as the Panther of America. In the year 1977, Botafogo won the São Paulo City Cup, playing the final against São Paulo Futebol Clube, the game ended 0-0 giving the title to Botafogo, as the club have done better a campaign in the competition. In the 1990s, the club was twice, thus being promoted twice in the national league pyramid, the Série C in 1996. In the following year, Botafogo was relegated and in 2000 competed in the Copa João Havelange, in 2001, Botafogo was São Paulo State Championships runners-up, an extraordinary achievement for a countryside club, playing in one of the most competitive leagues in the football world. In 2002, it was relegated again, this time to the Série C, Botafogo was relegated to the São Paulo State Championship Série A3 in 2005 because of problems fielding a player without registration with the Federação Paulista de Futebol, the famous tapetão. In the following year, they won access to the São Paulo State Championship Série A2 after winning the Série A3
22.
Sport Club do Recife
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Sport Club do Recife is a Brazilian sports club, located in the city of Recife, in the state of Pernambuco. It was founded on May 13,1905, by Guilherme de Aquino Fonseca, who lived for years in England. In football, the club has won six CBD/CBF titles, including three national and three regional and its greatest glories are the Brazilian Championship 1987 and Brazil Cup 2008. Guilherme de Aquino Fonseca, founder of Sport Club do Recife, was a member of a family in Pernambuco. His father, João dAquino Fonseca and his mother Maria Eugênia Regadas Aquino Fonseca concerned about the conduct and he studied at Cambridge University where he graduated as an engineer. When he returned from Europe, in 1903, he brought, in addition to their training, a passion for football, from the first contact with the ball, the young Recifense began to dream big. Upon his return, he promised himself, he would found a club, which later became the Sport Recife. On May 13,1905, at noon, in the hall of the Association of Employees of Trade of Recife, was founded Sport Club do Recife. Along with the club, was born in Pernambuco football. There gathered the groups discussed the organization of a club, becoming the favorite spot of portmen, as well says Mário Sette, our first secretary, in his book Maxambombas. It was the hotbed of ideas sports, the same year Sport played their first football match against a team called English Eleven. The match ended in a draw, with Torquato Gonçalves scoring the first goal for the newly created club. The clubs starting eleven were L. F. Lathan, L. Parrot and E. Nosworthy, A. G. Silva, Colander and Ramiro, Guilherme Fonseca, Coimbra, Alberto Amorim, J. Gonçalves and Torquatro Gonçalves. Was very busy the inauguration of this club, growing number of ladies attending, the festival consisted of a game of who took part in football partners Sport Club and English Eleven. The match was played on both sides, with one draw. We congratulate the board of Sport Club for victory, for being a new society, after the local league was created, Sport Club do Recife took part for the first time, and won the Pernambuco state championship of 1916. The final match was played on December 16, and Sport defeated Santa Cruz 4–1, Sports squad that year was Cavalcanti, Briant and Paulino, Town, Robson and Smerthurst, Asdrúbal, Mota, Anagam, Vasconcelos and Smith. During the 1950 FIFA World Cup, Sports stadium, Ilha do Retiro and it was the only World Cup match played in Pernambuco
Vasco da Gama
3', 60'
