1.
Military engineer
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Military engineering is loosely defined as the art and practice of designing and building military works and maintaining lines of military transport and communications. Military engineers are responsible for logistics behind military tactics. Modern military engineering differs from civil engineering, in the 20th and 21st centuries, military engineering also includes other engineering disciplines such as mechanical and electrical engineering techniques. According to NATO, military engineering is that engineer activity undertaken, regardless of component or service, Military engineering does not encompass the activities undertaken by those engineers who maintain, repair and operate vehicles, vessels, aircraft, weapon systems and equipment. Military engineering is a subject taught in military academies or schools of military engineering. The construction and demolition tasks related to engineering are usually performed by military engineers including soldiers trained as sappers or pioneers. In modern armies, soldiers trained to perform such tasks while well forward in battle, the word engineer was initially used in the context of warfare, dating back to 1325 when engine’er referred to a constructor of military engines. In this context, engine referred to a machine, i. e. A mechanical contraption used in war, in its place, the term military engineering has come to be used. Modern military engineering can be divided into three main tasks or fields, combat engineering, strategic support, and ancillary support, combat engineering is associated with engineering on the battlefield. Combat engineers are responsible for increasing mobility on the front lines of war such as digging trenches, strategic support is associated with providing service in communication zones such as the construction of airfields and the improvement and upgrade of ports, roads and railways communication. Ancillary support includes provision and distribution of maps as well as the disposal of unexploded warheads, Military engineers construct bases, airfields, roads, bridges, ports, and hospitals. During peacetime before modern warfare, military engineers took the role of civil engineers by participating in the construction of civil-works projects, nowadays, military engineers are almost entirely engaged in war logistics and preparedness. Combat engineers clear routes, repair airfields and harbours, bridge rivers all at top speed, the first civilization to have a dedicated force of military engineering specialists were the Romans, whose army contained a dedicated corps of military engineers known as architecti. This group was pre-eminent among its contemporaries, such military engineering feats would have been completely new, and probably bewildering and demoralizing, to the Gallic defenders. The best known of these Roman army engineers due to his writings surviving is Vitruvius, alexander the Great also used engineers in his army. In ancient times, military engineers were responsible for warfare and building field fortifications, temporary camps. The most notable engineers of ancient times were the Romans and Chinese, the Romans were responsible for constructing fortified wooden camps and paved roads for their legions
2.
Romanian Land Forces
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The Romanian Land Forces is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces. In recent years, full professionalisation and a major equipment overhaul have transformed the nature of the force, the Romanian Land Forces were founded on 24 November 1859. They participated in World War I, together with the Russian Empire forces in actions against the Central Powers and, despite initial setbacks, during most of World War II Romanian forces supported the Axis powers, fighting against the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front. From August 1944 until the end of the war, Romania fought against Germany under the control of the Soviet Union, when the communists seized power after the Second World War, the army underwent reorganisation and sovietization. Following the Romanian Revolution, due to shortage of funds, many units were disbanded, likewise, Romanian military capability declined because of a lack of fuel as well as training.8 billion dollars in 2007. Conscription has been abolished and professionalisation has been completed, the first attempt to create an independent Romanian army was made by Gheorghe Magheru during the 1848 Wallachian Revolution, and it was based at Râureni. However, Magheru rapidly ordered his troops to disband when the Ottoman forces swept into Bucharest to stop the revolution and they participated in the Siege of Plevna and several other battles. The Romanians won the war, but suffered about 27,000 casualties, until World War I, the Romanian army didnt face any other serious actions. The Romanian Army entered the Second Balkan War against Bulgaria, allowing Romania to annex Southern Dobruja, although some 330,000 troops were mobilised, the Romanians met little resistance in Bulgaria and as such this is not considered a major conflict in Romanian history. This was due to claims on land. This area no longer belongs to Romania, on July 6,1916, Romania declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary, following the initial success of the Brusilov Offensive. The Romanian armies entered Transylvania, together with Russian forces, however, German forces under the command of General Erich von Falkenhayn stalled the attack in November,1916, and drove back the Romanians. At the same time, Austrian and Turkish troops invaded southern Romania, the Central Powers drove deep into Romania and conquered the south of the country by the end of 1916. The Romanian forces, led by Marshal Constantin Prezan, retreated into the north-east part of Romania, General Alexandru Averescu led the Second Army in the victories of the Battle of Mărăşti and the Battle of Mărăşeşti. As a result of the Russian Revolution, Romania was left isolated and unable to continue the war, later on, in 1919, Germany agreed, in the Treaty of Versailles Article 259, to renounce all the benefits provided to it by the Treaty of Bucharest in 1918. After the successful offensive on the Thessaloniki front, which put Bulgaria out of the war, Romania re-entered the war on November 10,1918, after World War I, Transylvania proclaimed union with the Kingdom of Romania. As a result, in April 1919, the newly established Hungarian Soviet Republic vowed to retake the region by force, the Romanian Army defeated the Hungarians and conquered Budapest in August 1919. From 1921 to 1939 in Transylvania Inspectorate General of Army no.3 had subordinate the 6th and 7th Army Corps, after 1 April 1921 to 23 March 1939, C.6 A
3.
Deva, Romania
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Deva is a city in Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania, on the left bank of the Mureș River. It is the capital of Hunedoara County and its name was first recorded in 1269 as castrum Dewa. The origin of the name gave rise to controversy, some thought that the name is of old Turkic origin from the name Gyeücsa. Others assert that the name is probably of Slavic origin where Deva or Devín means girl or maiden, a similar case exist in Slovak for the Devín Castle, located at the confluence of the Danube and Great Morava, on former town of Devín. It is also considered that the name comes from the ancient Dacian word dava, Other theories trace the name to a Roman Legion, the Legio II Augusta, transferred to Deva from Castrum Deva, now Chester in Britain. Additionally dava town derived from the reconstructed proto-Indo-European *dhewa settlement, on medieval maps Deva appears as, Dewan, Deva, or later Diemrich. Under Voivod John Hunyadi, Deva became an important military and administrative centre, partially destroyed by the Ottoman Turks in 1550, it was afterward rebuilt and the fortress extended. In 1621 Prince Gabriel Bethlen transformed and extended the Magna Curia Palace in Renaissance style, in 1711–1712, Deva was settled by a group of Roman Catholic Bulgarian merchant colonists, refugees from the unsuccessful anti-Ottoman Chiprovtsi Uprising of 1688. The colonists were mostly from Chiprovtsi and Zhelezna in northwest Bulgaria, though also from the neighbouring Kopilovtsi. However, the colonists came to Deva from Wallachia and from Vinţu de Jos, the Bulgarian merchants, who in 1716 numbered 51 families and 3 Franciscan monks, established their own neighbourhood, which was known to the locals as Greci. Their influence over local affairs caused Deva to be called a Bulgarian town for a short period. The Bulgarians received royal privileges of the Austrian crown along with their permission to settle and their acquisition of land, the construction of Devas Franciscan monastery commenced in 1724 with the funding and efforts of its Bulgarian population, so that the monastery was commonly known as the Bulgarian Monastery. Deva is situated in the part of Hunedoara County, on the left bank of the middle course of the Mureș River at 187 m above sea level. The city administers four villages, Archia, Bârcea Mică, Cristur, according to the last census, from 2011, there were 56,647 people living within the city of Deva, making it the 37th largest city in Romania. The ethnic makeup is as follows, Romanians,89. 67% Hungarians,7. 79% Roma,1. 6% Other,0. 91% Automotive, commerce, construction materials and power industries are important to Devas economy. A private University of Ecology and Tourism was established in the city in 1990, Deva is also the home of Romanias national women gymnastics training center called Colegiul National Sportiv Cetatea Deva. Perched on the top of the hill are the ruins of the Citadel built in the 13th century, tourists can visit the Citadel by climbing the hill or using the cable car. The machinery covers a distance of 160 meters and it can transport up to 16 people
4.
Engineer
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Engineers design materials, structures, and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety, and cost. The word engineer is derived from the Latin words ingeniare and ingenium, the work of engineers forms the link between scientific discoveries and their subsequent applications to human and business needs and quality of life. His/her work is predominantly intellectual and varied and not of a mental or physical character. It requires the exercise of original thought and judgement and the ability to supervise the technical, he/she is thus placed in a position to make contributions to the development of engineering science or its applications. In due time he/she will be able to give authoritative technical advice, much of an engineers time is spent on researching, locating, applying, and transferring information. Indeed, research suggests engineers spend 56% of their time engaged in various information behaviours, Engineers must weigh different design choices on their merits and choose the solution that best matches the requirements. Their crucial and unique task is to identify, understand, Engineers apply techniques of engineering analysis in testing, production, or maintenance. Analytical engineers may supervise production in factories and elsewhere, determine the causes of a process failure and they also estimate the time and cost required to complete projects. Supervisory engineers are responsible for major components or entire projects, Engineering analysis involves the application of scientific analytic principles and processes to reveal the properties and state of the system, device or mechanism under study. Most engineers specialize in one or more engineering disciplines, numerous specialties are recognized by professional societies, and each of the major branches of engineering has numerous subdivisions. Civil engineering, for example, includes structural and transportation engineering and materials engineering include ceramic, metallurgical, mechanical engineering cuts across just about every discipline since its core essence is applied physics. Engineers also may specialize in one industry, such as vehicles, or in one type of technology. Several recent studies have investigated how engineers spend their time, that is, research suggests that there are several key themes present in engineers’ work, technical work, social work, computer-based work, information behaviours. Amongst other more detailed findings, a recent work sampling study found that engineers spend 62. 92% of their time engaged in work,40. 37% in social work. The time engineers spend engaged in activities is also reflected in the competencies required in engineering roles. There are many branches of engineering, each of which specializes in specific technologies, typically engineers will have deep knowledge in one area and basic knowledge in related areas. When developing a product, engineers work in interdisciplinary teams. For example, when building robots an engineering team will typically have at least three types of engineers, a mechanical engineer would design the body and actuators
5.
Satu Mare
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Satu Mare is a city with a population of 102,400 and the capital of Satu Mare County, Romania, as well as the center of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. Mentioned in the Gesta Hungarorum as Castrum Zotmar, the city has a history going back to the Middle Ages, today, it is an academic, cultural, industrial and business centre in northwestern Romania. Satu Mare is situated in Satu Mare County, in northwest Romania, the city is located at an altitude of 126 metres on the Lower Someș alluvial plain, spreading out from the Administrative Palace at 25 October Square. The boundaries of the municipality contain an area of 150.3 square kilometres, the formation of the current terrain of the city, dating from the late Pliocene in the Tertiary period, is linked to the clogging of the Pannonian Sea. Layers of soil were created from deposits of sand, loess and gravel, over this base, decaying vegetation gave rise to podsolic soils, which led to favorable conditions for crops. The water network around Satu Mare is composed of the Someș River, Pârâul Sar in the north, because the land slopes gently around the city, the Someș River has created numerous branches and meanders. After systematisation works in 1777, the number of meanders in the city dropped to 9 downstream and 5 upstream, the total length of the river now being at 36.5 kilometres within the city. Systematisation performed up to the mid-19th century configured the existing Someș riverbed, in 1970, the embankments were raised by 2 metres –3 metres, protecting 52,000 hectares within the city limits and restoring nearly 800 ha of agricultural land that had previously been flooded. The flora associated with the town of Satu Mare is characteristic for the area with trees of soft essence like wicker, indigenous poplar, maple. Grassland vegetation is represented by Agrostis stolonifera, Poa trivialis, Alopecurus pratensis, Satu Mare has a continental climate, characterised by hot dry summers and cold winters. The average annual temperature is 9.6 °C, or broken down by seasons, Spring 10.2 °C, Summer 19.6 °C, Autumn 10.8 °C, prevailing wind currents blow in from the northwest, bringing spring and summer rainfall. Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round, the Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is Cfb. Until 1925, in Romanian, the name Sătmar was used, archaeological evidence from Țara Oașului, Ardud, Medieșu Aurit, Homoroade, etc. clearly shows settlements in the area dating to the Stone Age and the Bronze Age. There is also evidence that the local Dacian population remained there after the Roman conquest in 101/106 AD, later, these lands formed part of Menumoruts holdings, one of the important defensive fortresses dating to the 10th century was at Satu Mare, as mentioned in the Gesta Hungarorum. Later, they were joined by more German colonists from beyond the Someș River, in 1562 the citadel was besieged by Ottoman armies led by Pargalı İbrahim Pasha of Buda and pasha Maleoci of Timișoara. Then the Habsburgs besieged it, leading the fleeing Transylvanian armies to set it on fire, after a period when it changed hands, the town came under Ottoman control in 1661. Called Sokmar by the new authorities, it was a center within the Şenköy sanjak of Varat Eyalet. This status held until 1691, when Austria expelled the Ottomans during the Great Turkish War, in the Middle Ages, Satu Mare and Mintiu were two distinct entities
6.
Bridge
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A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. There are many different designs that each serve a particular purpose, the Oxford English Dictionary traces the origin of the word bridge to an Old English word brycg, of the same meaning. The word can be traced back to Proto-Indo-European *bʰrēw-. The word for the game of the same name has a different origin. The first bridges made by humans were probably spans of cut wooden logs or planks and eventually stones, using a simple support, some early Americans used trees or bamboo poles to cross small caverns or wells to get from one place to another. Dating to the Greek Bronze Age, it is one of the oldest arch bridges still in existence, several intact arched stone bridges from the Hellenistic era can be found in the Peloponnese. The greatest bridge builders of antiquity were the ancient Romans, the Romans built arch bridges and aqueducts that could stand in conditions that would damage or destroy earlier designs. An example is the Alcántara Bridge, built over the river Tagus, the Romans also used cement, which reduced the variation of strength found in natural stone. One type of cement, called pozzolana, consisted of water, lime, sand, brick and mortar bridges were built after the Roman era, as the technology for cement was lost. In India, the Arthashastra treatise by Kautilya mentions the construction of dams, a Mauryan bridge near Girnar was surveyed by James Princep. The bridge was swept away during a flood, and later repaired by Puspagupta, the use of stronger bridges using plaited bamboo and iron chain was visible in India by about the 4th century. A number of bridges, both for military and commercial purposes, were constructed by the Mughal administration in India and this bridge is also historically significant as it is the worlds oldest open-spandrel stone segmental arch bridge. European segmental arch bridges date back to at least the Alconétar Bridge, rope bridges, a simple type of suspension bridge, were used by the Inca civilization in the Andes mountains of South America, just prior to European colonization in the 16th century. During the 18th century there were innovations in the design of timber bridges by Hans Ulrich Grubenmann, Johannes Grubenmann. The first book on bridge engineering was written by Hubert Gautier in 1716, a major breakthrough in bridge technology came with the erection of the Iron Bridge in Shropshire, England in 1779. It used cast iron for the first time as arches to cross the river Severn, with the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, truss systems of wrought iron were developed for larger bridges, but iron does not have the tensile strength to support large loads. With the advent of steel, which has a tensile strength, much larger bridges were built. In 1927 welding pioneer Stefan Bryła designed the first welded bridge in the world
7.
Alba Iulia
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Alba Iulia is a city located on the Mureş River in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania, with a population of 63,536 as of 2011. Since the High Middle Ages, the city has been the seat of Transylvanias Roman Catholic diocese, between 1541 and 1690 it was the capital of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom and the latter Principality of Transylvania. Alba Iulia is historically important for Romanians, Hungarians and Transylvanian Saxons, the city administers four villages, Bărăbanț, Micești, Oarda and Pâclișa. During the Roman period the settlement was called Apulum, when the settlement – upon Roman ruins – became the seat of a dukedom in the 10th century, the population may have been Slavic. The early Slavic name of the settlement was Bălgrad, the old Romanian name of the town was Bălgrad, originated from Slavic. The Hungarian name Gyulafehérvár is a translation of the earlier Slavic form and its prefix Iulia refers to Gyula, a mid-tenth-century Hungarian warlord who was baptized in Constantinople. The citys Latin name in the 10th century was Civitatem Albam in Ereel, the first part of the name Alba denotes the ruins of the Roman fort Apulum. Later in the Middle Ages, different names occurred as Frank episcopus Belleggradienesis in 1071, Albae Civitatis in 1134, Belegrada in 1153, Albensis Ultrasilvanus in 1177, eccl. Micahelis in 1199, Albe Transilvane in 1200, Albe Transsilvane in 1201, castrum Albens in 1206, canonicis Albensibus in 1213, under the influence of the Hungarian Gyulafehérvár, the towns Latin name eventually became Alba Julia or Alba Yulia. Its modern name Alba Iulia is an adoption of the towns medieval Latin name and it started to spread in Romanian common speech in the 18th century. The modern name has officially used since the town became part of Romania. The sixteenth-century German name was Weyssenburg, the Saxons renamed the town to Karlsburg in honor of Charles VI. In Yiddish and Hebrew Karlsburg was prevalent, in Ladino sources Carlosburg, Alba Carolina was also a medieval Latin form of its name. After Dacia became a province of the Roman Empire, the capital of Dacia Apulensis was established here, Apulum was the largest city in Roman Dacia and was the seat of the XIII Gemina Legion. Apulum is the largest castrum located in Romania, occupying 37.5 hectares, geula was baptized in the Byzantine Empire and built around 950 in Alba Iulia the first church of Transylvania. The ruins of a church were discovered in 2011, the present Catholic cathedral was built in the 12th or 13th century. In 1442, John Hunyadi, Voivode of Transylvania, used the citadel to prepare for a battle against the Ottoman Turks. The cathedral was enlarged during his reign and he was entombed there after his death, in 1541 - after the partition of the Kingdom of Hungary - Alba Iulia became the capital of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom and after the Principality of Transylvania and remained so until 1690
8.
8th Mixed Artillery Brigade (Romania)
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From 1 November 2010 it current name is the 8th LAROM Brigade Alexandru Ioan Cuza. The 8th LAROM Brigade Alexandru Ioan Cuza is a Multiple Rocket Launcher brigade of the Romanian Land Forces and it was formed 1 July 1916, and was named after the Romanian Domnitor and politician Alexandru Ioan Cuza. The Brigade is subordinated to the Romanian Land Forces and has its headquarters in Focşani, since October 2004, there are no more conscripts in the structures subordinated to the Brigade, all the personnel is professional. The 1st regiment participated in the Battle of Mărăşeşti, while the 5th regiment took part of the Battle of Turtucaia. During World War II, both the 1st and 5th regiments made part of the Romanian forces invading Odessa, the 5th regiment cannons were the first Romanian Army’s cannons to hit Odessa, the 1st regiment was also involved in the Battle of Stalingrad, and the Battle of Budapest
9.
61st Anti-aircraft Missiles Regiment (Romania)
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The 61st Anti-aircraft Missiles Regiment Pelindava is an air defense regiment of the Romanian Land Forces. Its headquarters are located in Craiova, the regiment was part of the 6th Anti-aircraft Missile Brigade, which was disbanded in 2006, due to a reorganization process of the Romanian Land Forces. Later on, it was part of the 53rd Anti-Aircraft Missiles Regiment subordinated to the 1st Infantry Division and this unit operated the S-75 Volhov and the modern MIM-23 Hawk surface-to-air missile systems. The main units of the regiment were the 1st Anti-aircraft Missiles Battalion, Official Site of the Romanian Land Forces Official Site of the 1st Territorial Army Corps
10.
265th Military Police Battalion (Romania)
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The Romanian Military Police is the military police of the Romanian Armed Forces. It was formed in 1990, immediately after the Romanian Revolution, the history of the Romanian Military Police is close related to the history of the Romanian Gendarmerie, because the provost policing was a task of the Gendarmerie since its inception. It should also be noticed that at first the Gendarmerie was placed under the command of the Ministry of War. The archaic term of troops police could be found starting with 1850 in the structure of the armed forces, on that day King Carol I promulgated the Law of Rural Gendarmerie. To avoid any confusions, the new Law of Gendarmerie promulgated on March 24,1908, mentioned the following, Art.6, The Gendarmerie corps is a part of the Army. The dispositions of military rules and orders are applicable except some specific situations because of its mixed organisation – both civilian and military - and specific tasks, Art.7, The officers will be recruited from the armys personnel. The nominated persons will be assigned to the Gendarmerie troops by Kings order, during World War I the Military Police corps performed all its specific tasks, including combat missions, and provided assistance to the civilian population. The evolution of the events placed the Gendarmerie alternatively under the command of Ministry of War, in 1917 the Gendarmerie was reassigned to the Ministry of War. Therefore, Gendarmerie detachments were assigned to the General Staff headquarters as well and these detachments were led by infantry officers and their strength consisted of 27 gendarmes. During the interwar period, the Gendarmerie was placed again under Ministry of Interior command, the main mission is to perform the activity of civilian and military police across the country. It is subordinated to Ministry of War but may perform other activities required by the Minister of Interior. On 23 August 1944, the Romanian Government decided to leave the Axis and join the Allies, with the objective to regain Northern Transylvania and liberate Hungary. After the war, the police was disbanded along with the Gendarmerie. Starting with 1947, the communist regime established some separate branches as parts of the Ministry of Defense to deal with police matters. As a result, to this, Law and Discipline, Guide and Control of Military Traffic, Military Justice, each branch was assigned to different departments, breaking the chain of command - and making them quite inefficient. In 1990, after the Romanian Revolution, the Ministry of National Defence decided to all the former MP-type branches into a single structure called Military Police. On 12 March 1990, the Minister of National Defence issued an order to establish MP units/subunits all over Romania, starting on 15 May 1990, the 265 MP Battalion, the 286,282,295 and 302 companies were established under the Land Forces command. The 265th Military Police Battalion is the largest and most important MP unit and it was formed in May 1990 and its headquarters are located in Bucharest
11.
49th NBC Defense Battalion (Romania)
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The 1st Infantry Division Dacica was one of the major units of the Romanian Land Forces, with its headquarters located in Bucharest. It was the successor of the Romanian First Army. On 31 August 2015, 1st Infantry Division headquarters disbanded, to become, following the end of the war, the First Army was disbanded on 2 June 1947, with the units under its command being transferred to one of the four newly formed Military Regions. This reorganization process was applied to all Romanian armies, on 5 April 1980, the First Army is reestablished and headquartered in Bucharest, after being assigned units previously under the control of the 2nd Army Command. The latter is relocated to Buzău, dan Ghica-Radu was the intelligence office chief from 1998 until 2000. Units of the 1st Infantry Division are deployed in various theaters of operation around the world, such as Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan
12.
Bucharest Garrison
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The Bucharest Garrison is a military garrison located in Bucharest and subordinated to the Romanian Land Forces. The Garrison was initially formed in 1939 by a royal decree, after the end of the World War II, due to a Romanian - Soviet treaty as well as due to orders received from the Allied Control Commission, the garrison was disbanded. In 2002, the Bucharest Garrison was re-established, with the 30th Honor Guard Regiment, Official site of the Romanian Land Forces Official site of the Romanian Ministry of National Defence. Bucharest Garrison on the MoND site
13.
9th Mechanized Brigade (Romania)
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The 9th Mechanized Brigade Mărășești is a mechanized infantry brigade of the Romanian Land Forces. The unit was formed in 1879, after the Romanian War of Independence. In 1903 it was renamed to 9th Infantry Division, designation under which it participated in world wars. In World War I it fought during the Battle of Mărăşeşti where it defended the most difficult sector, for its heroic actions in this battle, the 9th Infantry Division received the honorific name Mărăşeşti. After World War II, the division went through some changes becoming the IXth Army Corps, Vasile Milea commanded the division in 1957-58. In 2004 the 34th Mechanized Vasile Lupu brigade was dissolved, with the remaining units passing to the Light Infantry Brigade headquartered at Clinceni, the land formerly occupied by the headquarters of the 34th Mechanized was given to the US army for a new base near the Mihail Kogălniceanu airport
14.
282nd Mechanized Brigade (Romania)
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The 282nd Mechanized Brigade Union of the Principalities is a mechanized brigade of the Romanian Land Forces, originally formed as the 282nd Mechanized Regiment on 24 September 1968. The brigade is widely regarded as one of the units of the Romanian Land Forces. Its headquarters are located in Focşani. The brigade operates the TR-85 main battle tank, together with the subordinated units, the 282nd brigade has been deployed to peacekeeping missions in Angola, Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq. 280th and 281st battalions were deployed since 2004 in Afghanistan as part of the ISAF, 300th battalion was deployed in 2008 as part of the ISAF in Afghanistan. 280th battalion was deployed in 2010 as part of the ISAF in Afghanistan, BDE HQ along with 280th battalion and 300th battalion were deployed in 2012 as part of the ISAF in Afghanistan. Official Site of the Romanian Land Forces Official Site of the 2nd Infantry Division The 282nd Mechanized Brigade
15.
2nd Mountain Troops Brigade (Romania)
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The 2nd Mountain Troops Brigade Sarmizegetusa is a mountain troops brigade of the Romanian Land Forces. The brigade was formed as the 2nd Mountain Troops Division on 1 August 1923. The 2nd Mountain Brigade is currently subordinated to the 2nd Infantry Division and has its headquarters in Braşov, units from the brigade were often deployed to peacekeeping missions in Afghanistan and Iraq. The structural reorganization process of the brigade was completed in early 2003, the 33rd Mountain Troops battalion is currently deployed in Afghanistan as part of the ISAF
16.
53rd Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Romania)
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The 53rd Anti-aircraft Missiles Regiment Trophaeum Traiani is an air defense regiment of the Romanian Land Forces. It is currently subordinated to the 2nd Infantry Division and its headquarters are located in Medgidia, the regiment was part of the 6th Anti-aircraft Missiles Brigade, which was disbanded in 2006, due to a reorganization process of the Romanian Land Forces. The unit currently operates the S-75 Volhov and the modern MIM-23 Hawk surface-to-air missile systems, the main units of the regiment are the 1st Anti-aircraft Missiles Battalion and the 2nd Anti-aircraft Missiles Battalion Pelendava. Official Site of the Romanian Land Forces Official Site of the 1st Territorial Army Corps
17.
50th Anti-aircraft Missiles Regiment (Romania)
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The 50th Anti-aircraft Missiles Regiment Andrei Mureşianu is an air defense regiment of the Romanian Land Forces. It is currently subordinated to the 4th Infantry Division and its headquarters are located in Floreşti, the regiment was part of the 6th Anti-aircraft Missiles Brigade, which was disbanded in 2006, during a reorganization of the Romanian Land Forces. The unit currently operates the SA-6 KUB and SA-8 OSA-AKM surface-to-air missile systems, 50th Anti-aircraft Missiles Regiment - Cluj-Napoca 3rd Air-defense Battalion Potaissa - Turda
18.
Romania
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Romania is a sovereign state located in Southeastern Europe. It borders the Black Sea, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia and it has an area of 238,391 square kilometres and a temperate-continental climate. With over 19 million inhabitants, the country is the member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city, Bucharest, is the sixth-largest city in the EU, the River Danube, Europes second-longest river, rises in Germany and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km, coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romanias Danube Delta. The Carpathian Mountains, which cross Romania from the north to the southwest are marked by one of their tallest peaks, Moldoveanu, modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. The new state, officially named Romania since 1866, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877, at the end of World War I, Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia united with the sovereign Kingdom of Romania. Romania lost several territories, of which Northern Transylvania was regained after the war, following the war, Romania became a socialist republic and member of the Warsaw Pact. After the 1989 Revolution, Romania began a transition towards democracy and it has been a member of NATO since 2004, and part of the European Union since 2007. A strong majority of the population identify themselves as Eastern Orthodox Christians and are speakers of Romanian. The cultural history of Romania is often referred to when dealing with artists, musicians, inventors. For similar reasons, Romania has been the subject of notable tourist attractions, Romania derives from the Latin romanus, meaning citizen of Rome. The first known use of the appellation was attested in the 16th century by Italian humanists travelling in Transylvania, Moldavia, after the abolition of serfdom in 1746, the word rumân gradually fell out of use and the spelling stabilised to the form român. Tudor Vladimirescu, a leader of the early 19th century. The use of the name Romania to refer to the homeland of all Romanians—its modern-day meaning—was first documented in the early 19th century. The name has been officially in use since 11 December 1861, in English, the name of the country was formerly spelt Rumania or Roumania. Romania became the predominant spelling around 1975, Romania is also the official English-language spelling used by the Romanian government. The Neolithic-Age Cucuteni area in northeastern Romania was the region of the earliest European civilization. Evidence from this and other sites indicates that the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture extracted salt from salt-laden spring water through the process of briquetage
