Football in Italy
Football is the most popular sport in Italy. The Italian national football team is considered to be one of the best national teams in the world, they have won the FIFA World Cup four times, trailing only Brazil, runners-up in two finals and reaching a third place and a fourth place. They have won one European Championship appearing in two finals, finished third at the Confederations Cup, won one Olympic football tournament and two Central European International Cups. Italy's top domestic league, the Serie A, is one of the most popular professional sports leagues in the world and it is depicted as the most tactical national football league. Italy's club sides have won 48 major European trophies, making them the second most successful nation in European football. Serie A hosts three of the world's most famous clubs as Juventus and Inter, all founding members of the G-14, a group which represented the largest and most prestigious European football clubs. Juventus and Inter, along with Roma, Fiorentina and Parma but now Napoli are known as the Seven Sisters of Italian football.
Italian managers are the most successful in European Football in competitions such as the Champions League. More players have won the coveted Ballon d'Or award while playing at a Serie A club than any other league in the world. Other forms of football were played in Italy in ancient times, the earliest of, Harpastum, played during the times of the Roman Empire; this game may have been influential to other forms throughout Europe due to the expansion of the Empire, including Medieval football. From the 16th century onwards, Calcio Fiorentino, another code of football distinct from the modern game, was played in the Piazza Santa Croce in Florence; some famous Florentines were amongst players of the game the Medici family including Piero and Alessandro de' Medici. As well as Popes such as Clement VII, Leo XI and Urban VIII who played the game in the Vatican; the name calcio was adopted for football in Italy. The modern variation of the game was brought to Italy during the 1880s; the title of the first Italian football club is a controversial one, the most cited in popular history is Genoa Cricket and Football Club who were formed as a cricket club to represent England abroad, founded by Englishmen in 1893.
Three years in 1896 a man named James Richardson Spensley arrived in Genoa introducing the football section of the club and becoming its first manager. However, evidence exists to suggest. Edoardo Bosio, a merchant worker in the British textile industry had visited England and experienced the game, he was motivated to help spread football in his homeland. He founded Cricket Club that year while Nobili Torino soon followed; the second club bore the name of noble because it contained the Duke of the Abruzzi and Alfonso Ferrero di Ventimiglia. The two merged in 1891 to form Internazionale Football Club Torino, By 1898 the rival federation FIGC had been formed, with its center in Turin and the first two presidents as Mario Vicary and Luigi D'Ovidio. FIGC created the Italian Football Championship with the four founder clubs being; the first competition of, held at Velodromo Umberto I in Turin on 8 May 1898 and was won by Genoa. While it was common for clubs to compete in both FIGC and FNGI competitions early on, the titles won in the FIGC championship are the only ones recognised by the modern day league.
In the following years, the tournament was structured into regional groups with the winners of each group participating in a playoff with the eventual winners being declared champions. Until to 1904 the tournament was dominated by Genoa. Between 1905 and 1908 a Final Group among regional champions was contested to award the title and the Spensley Cup. Juventus won his first title and Spensley Cup in 1905, but the two following championships were won by Milan. In November 1907, the FIF organised two championships in the same season: Italian Championship, the main tournament where only Italian players were allowed to play; the majority of big clubs withdrew from both the championships in order to protest against the autarchical policy of the FIF. The Federal Championship was won by Juventus against Doria, while The Italian Championship 1908 and Coppa Buni were won by Pro Vercelli, beating Juventus, Doria and US Milanese. However, the Federal Championship won by Juventus was forgotten by FIGC, due to the boycott made by the dissident clubs.
In 1909 season, the two different championships were organised again, with Coppa Obe
Kit (association football)
In association football, kit is the standard equipment and attire worn by players. The sport's Laws of the Game specify the minimum kit which a player must use, prohibit the use of anything, dangerous to either the player or another participant. Individual competitions may stipulate further restrictions, such as regulating the size of logos displayed on shirts and stating that, in the event of a match between teams with identical or similar colours, the away team must change to different coloured attire. Footballers wear identifying numbers on the backs of their shirts. A team of players wore numbers from 1 to 11, corresponding to their playing positions, but at the professional level this has been superseded by squad numbering, whereby each player in a squad is allocated a fixed number for the duration of a season. Professional clubs usually display players' surnames or nicknames on their shirts, above their squad numbers. Football kit has evolved since the early days of the sport when players wore thick cotton shirts and heavy rigid leather boots.
In the twentieth century, boots became lighter and softer, shorts were worn at a shorter length, advances in clothing manufacture and printing allowed shirts to be made in lighter synthetic fibres with colourful and complex designs. With the rise of advertising in the 20th century, sponsors' logos began to appear on shirts, replica strips were made available for fans to purchase, generating significant amounts of revenue for clubs; the Laws of the Game set out the basic equipment which must be worn by all players in Law 4: The Players' Equipment. Five separate items are specified: shirt, socks and shin pads. Goalkeepers are allowed to wear tracksuit bottoms instead of shorts. While most players wear studded football boots, the Laws do not specify. Shirts must have sleeves, goalkeepers must wear shirts which are distinguishable from all other players and the match officials. Thermal undershorts must be the same colour as the shorts themselves. Shin pads must be covered by the stockings, be made of rubber, plastic or a similar material, "provide a reasonable degree of protection".
The only other restriction on equipment defined in the Laws of the Game is the requirement that a player "must not use equipment or wear anything, dangerous to himself or another player". It is normal for individual competitions to specify that all outfield players on a team must wear the same colours, though the Law states only "The two teams must wear colours that distinguish them from each other and the referee and the assistant referees". In the event of a match between teams who would wear identical or similar colours the away team must change to a different colour; because of this requirement a team's second-choice is referred to as its "away kit" or "away colours", although it is not unknown at international level, for teams to opt to wear their away colours when not required to by a clash of colours, or to wear them at home. The England national team sometimes plays in red shirts when it is not required, as this was the strip worn when the team won the 1966 FIFA World Cup. In some cases both teams have been forced to wear their second choice away kits.
Many professional clubs have a "third kit", ostensibly to be used if both their first-choice and away colours are deemed too similar to those of an opponent. Most professional clubs have retained the same basic colour scheme for several decades, the colours themselves form an integral part of a club's culture. Teams representing countries in international competition wear national colours in common with other sporting teams of the same nation; these are based on the colours of the country's national flag, although there are exceptions—the Italian national team, for example, wear blue as it was the colour of the House of Savoy, the Australian team like most Australian sporting teams wear the Australian National Colours of green and gold, neither of which appear on the flag, the Dutch national team wear orange, the colour of the Dutch Royal House. Shirts are made of a polyester mesh, which does not trap the sweat and body heat in the same way as a shirt made of a natural fibre. Most professional clubs have sponsors' logos on the front of their shirts, which can generate significant levels of income, some offer sponsors the chance to place their logos on the back of their shirts.
Depending on local rules, there may be restrictions on how large these logos may be or on what logos may be displayed. Competitions such as the Premier League may require players to wear patches on their sleeves depicting the logo of the competition. A player's number is printed on the back of the shirt, although international teams also place numbers on the front, professional teams print a player's surname above their number; the captain of each team is required to wear an elasticated armband around the left sleeve to identify them as the captain to the referee and supporters. Most current players wear specialist football boots, which can be made either of
Civita Castellana
Civita Castellana is a town and comune in the province of Viterbo, 65 kilometres north of Rome. Mount Soracte lies about 10 kilometres to the south-east. Civita Castellana was settled during the Iron Age by the Italic people of the Falisci, who called it "Falerii." After the Faliscan defeat against the Romans, a new city was built by the latter, about 5 kilometres away, called "Falerii Novi." The abandoned city was repopulated beginning in the early Middle Ages, with the new name of Civita Castellana mentioned first in 994. In the following centuries the city was a flourishing independent commune contended by the Pope and the Holy Roman Empire. Captured by Pope Paschal II at the beginning of the 12th century, the city was given as fief to the Savelli by Gregory XIV. Sixtus IV assigned the city to Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia, the future Pope Alexander VI, who started the construction of the Rocca, completed under Julius II. Civita Castellana became an important road hub with the connection to the Via Flaminia and the construction of Ponte Clementino sometime after the Battle of Civita Castellana, a French Army victory against a Neapolitan Army here on December 5, 1798 while this community was still part of the 1798-1799 Roman Republic after the fall of the 754-1798 Papal States but before the return of the 1799-1809 Papal States.
Santa Maria di Pozzano: the cathedral of the town, it possesses a fine portico, erected in 1210 by Laurentius Romanus, his son Jacobus and his grandson Cosmas, in the Cosmatesque style, with ancient columns and mosaic decorations. The interior was modernized in the 18th century, but has some fragments of Cosmatesque ornamentation; the high altar is made out of a Paleo-Christian sarcophagus of the 4th century. The ancient crypt and the old sacristy are home to examples of central Italian medieval art. Santa Chiara: church with Renaissance portal from 1529 Santa Maria del Carmine: church with small belltower from the 12th century, including ancient Roman spolia. San Francesco - Church rebuilt in 18th century Rocca was erected by Pope Alexander VI from the designs of Antonio da Sangallo the Elder, over pre-existing fortifications, enlarged by Julius II and Leo X. Ponte Clementino, the bridge by which the town is approached, dates to the 18th century; the town contains the ruins of the Castle of Paterno, where, on 23 January 1002, Emperor Otto III died at the age of 22.
The National Museum of the Faliscan Countryside contains findings from the ancient Falerii and the surrounding areas. Scalimoli Boscolo, Luca Creti, Consuelo Mastelloni Il pavimento cosmatesco della Cattedrale di Civita Castellana. Biblioteca e società 23; this article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed.. "Civita Castellana". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6. Cambridge University Press. P. 416. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed.. "Diocese of Cività Castellana and Gallese". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton. De Lucia Brolli, Maria Anna, Jacopo Tabolli. 2013. "The Faliscans and the Etruscans." In The Etruscan World, edited by Jean MacIntosh Turfa, 259–80. Abingdon: Routledge. Tabolli and Jean MacIntosh Turfa. 2014. "Discovered Anew: A Faliscan Tomb-Group from Falerii-Celle in Philadelphia." Etruscan Studies 17: 28–62. Civita Castellana travel guide from Wikivoyage
A.S.D. Città di Foligno 1928
A. S. D. Città di Foligno 1928 S.r.l. is an Italian association football club, based in Umbria. It plays in Serie D; the club was founded in 1928, but Foligno had football teams since the early'900. Meetings were held with the Czechoslovak military stationed in Foligno during the First World War; the best result Foligno obtained in the Prima Divisione championship in 1933–34 was when it ended in second place in the standings and thereby gained access to the finals for the promotion among the runners-up: the outcome of this season was overturned paradoxically by Federation that condemned the company for unlawful sport to relegation. On 6 May 2007, with a day in advance of the end of the season 2006–2007, Foligno won the Serie C2 Group B and was promoted to Serie C1. In the season 2007–2008 played in Serie C1 Group A. Pierpaolo Bisoli was chosen by the company as the technical coach. On 27 April 2008, by beating 0–2 at Penzo stadium Venezia, gained access to the play-off for promotion to Serie B. In the first game, played in Foligno, the home team beat 1–0 Cittadella.
The second leg, played at Cittadella on 25 May 2008, Foligno was beaten 0–2, losing the promotion to Serie B. In the season 2008/2009 Foligno participates in the Lega Pro Prima Divisione championship Group B; the conduction technique was entrusted to Roberto Cevoli, but with only two wins and a number of draws, was fired on 4 November and was replaced with Paolo Indiani. From January, with a few new signings Foligno becomes stronger, the team seems to catch up, because of a further decline in results, after the defeat against Virtus Lanciano, Marcello Pizzimenti became the new coach replacing Indiani; the Foligno still played against Pistoiese. It was beaten in Pistoia in the first leg 2–1, but obtained salvation after winning the second leg 1–0. On 7 July 2009 Luca Fusi was the new coach for season 2009–2010. At the end of 2009 Fusi signed a contract extension until 30 June 2011, but on 26 April 2010 was sucked. On 9 May 2010, the Foligno thus avoided the play-out, it was a important victory and it was followed by a grand celebration in the streets of the city.
On 13 December 2010 coach Salvatore Matrecano was sacked, Federico Giunti appointed as the new coach. At the end of the championship, Foligno was found in the area play-out against Ternana. Foligno won the first leg at home 1–0. At the second leg of the play-out, played in Terni, the home team was preceding in the score with 1–0 in the second half, but in the extra time Foligno scored the winning goal, which result in a draw, ending the match 1–1, thus retaining its spot in the league. On 29 April 2012 Foligno was defeated 1–0 from Carpi; the result confirmed the mathematical relegation to Lega Pro Seconda Divisione as Foligno finished last in the standings. On 10 July 2015 the sports title was transferred from Foligno Calcio S.r.l. to A. S. D. Città di Foligno 1928 S.r.l.. The team's colours are white. Official site
Italy
Italy the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe. Located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Austria and the enclaved microstates San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of 301,340 km2 and has a temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate. With around 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth-most populous EU member state and the most populous country in Southern Europe. Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, Italy has been home to a myriad of peoples and cultures. In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout modern-day Italy, the most famous of which being the Indo-European Italics who gave the peninsula its name, beginning from the classical era and Carthaginians founded colonies in insular Italy and Genoa, Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia, while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively; the Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC, which became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People.
The Roman Republic conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the peninsula, in some cases through the establishment of federations, the Republic expanded and conquered parts of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. By the first century BC, the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became the leading cultural and religious centre of Western civilisation, inaugurating the Pax Romana, a period of more than 200 years during which Italy's technology, economy and literature flourished. Italy remained the metropole of the Roman Empire; the legacy of the Roman Empire endured its fall and can be observed in the global distribution of culture, governments and the Latin script. During the Early Middle Ages, Italy endured sociopolitical collapse and barbarian invasions, but by the 11th century, numerous rival city-states and maritime republics in the northern and central regions of Italy, rose to great prosperity through shipping and banking, laying the groundwork for modern capitalism.
These independent statelets served as Europe's main trading hubs with Asia and the Near East enjoying a greater degree of democracy than the larger feudal monarchies that were consolidating throughout Europe. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science and art. Italian culture flourished, producing famous scholars and polymaths such as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael and Machiavelli. During the Middle Ages, Italian explorers such as Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci, John Cabot and Giovanni da Verrazzano discovered new routes to the Far East and the New World, helping to usher in the European Age of Discovery. Italy's commercial and political power waned with the opening of trade routes that bypassed the Mediterranean. Centuries of infighting between the Italian city-states, such as the Italian Wars of the 15th and 16th centuries, left the region fragmented, it was subsequently conquered and further divided by European powers such as France and Austria.
By the mid-19th century, rising Italian nationalism and calls for independence from foreign control led to a period of revolutionary political upheaval. After centuries of foreign domination and political division, Italy was entirely unified in 1871, establishing the Kingdom of Italy as a great power. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, Italy industrialised, namely in the north, acquired a colonial empire, while the south remained impoverished and excluded from industrialisation, fuelling a large and influential diaspora. Despite being one of the main victors in World War I, Italy entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil, leading to the rise of a fascist dictatorship in 1922. Participation in World War II on the Axis side ended in military defeat, economic destruction and the Italian Civil War. Following the liberation of Italy and the rise of the resistance, the country abolished the monarchy, reinstated democracy, enjoyed a prolonged economic boom and, despite periods of sociopolitical turmoil became a developed country.
Today, Italy is considered to be one of the world's most culturally and economically advanced countries, with the sixth-largest worldwide national wealth. Its advanced economy ranks eighth-largest in the world and third in the Eurozone by nominal GDP. Italy owns the third-largest central bank gold reserve, it has a high level of human development, it stands among the top countries for life expectancy. The country plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military and diplomatic affairs. Italy is a founding and leading member of the European Union and a member of numerous international institutions, including the UN, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the WTO, the G7, the G20, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Council of Europe, Uniting for Consensus, the Schengen Area and many more; as a reflection
Casale F.B.C.
Casale Foot Ball Club A. S. D. is an Italian football club, based in Piedmont. The club plays in Serie D; the team's nickname nerostellati refers to the team’s colours of black with a white star on the heart. When the club was founded in 1909 Casale was at the geographical centre of the new footballing movement in Italy. Genoa, Pro Vercelli, Internazionale Torino and Alessandria were all leading clubs in the Italian football league system and Casale soon joined their number. In May 1913 Casale became the first Italian club to defeat an English professional team when they beat Reading F. C. 2–1. Reading won all the other games on this tour, defeating Genoa, Pro Vercelli and the Italian national team. In the following season Casale won their only national title. Italian football was organized on a regional basis and the national championship was divided into three stages. Casale topped the Ligurian-Piedmontese division and proceeded, along with second-placed Genoa, to compete in a division comprising the top northern teams.
Having won that division, Casale defeated central-southern champions Lazio 7–1, 0–2 in the two-leg final. After World War I Casale remained in the top division for a couple of decades, representing what had been the cradle of early Italian football. With the development of professionalism, Casale was progressively relegated to lower divisions, 1934 being their last year in Serie A; the club was refounded twice, in 1993 and 2013, when it was refounded with the present, original name used from 1909 to 1925 and 1929 to 1935. Heated rivalry between the fans Casale and Alessandria. See Category:Casale F. B. C. PlayersFive players who appeared in the scudetto-winning team of 1913–14 played in the Italian national team, all making their international debuts between 1912 and 1914: Luigi Barbesino Giovanni Gallina Angelo Mattea Giuseppe Parodi Amedeo Varese Casale’s biggest star, was the full back Umberto Caligaris whose career with the club ran from 1919 to 1928. During this period he made 37 appearances for the Azzurri.
He represented Italy in the 1924 Olympics and won a bronze medal at the 1928 Summer Olympics before leaving Casale for Juventus. His total of 59 caps stood as a record for many years. Eraldo Monzeglio to represent Italy on numerous occasions, including the 1934 and 1938 World Cups, made his Serie A debut with Casale in 1924–25; the following season, however he moved to Bologna F. C. 1909. Serie A Winners: 1913–14Serie B Winners: 1929–30Serie C Winners: 1937–38Coppa Italia Dilettanti Winners: 1998–99 For 1913: Il Calcio a Casale M.to
Luparense F.C. (football)
Luparense Football Club is an Italian association football in San Martino di Lupari in the Province of Padua. It is the same club; the club was founded in 1933 and refounded in 1952. It have played as Unione Sportiva Luparense in Serie C and Serie D. June 22, 2015 A. S. D. Radio Birikina merged with A. S. D. Luparense Football Club, the local club of futsal changing its name in the current, it plays with the team B after the moving of "S. S. D. Atletico San Paolo Padova", now Luparense San Paolo F. C. in the same city. The team's colors are blue. Official website of Luparense F. C
