1.
Alessandro Del Piero
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Alessandro Alex Del Piero Ufficiale OMRI is an Italian former professional footballer who mainly played as a deep-lying forward, although he was capable of playing in several offensive positions. In 2015, he worked as a pundit for Sky Sport Italia. After beginning his career with Italian club Padova in Serie B in 1991, he moved to Juventus F. C. in 1993, where he played for 19 seasons, and holds the club records for most goals and appearances. After leaving the club in 2012, he spent two seasons with Australian side Sydney FC, he retired after a season with Delhi Dynamos FC in the Indian Super League. Del Piero has scored in every competition in which he has participated, in 2004, he was named in the FIFA100, a list of the 125 greatest living footballers selected by Pelé as a part of FIFAs centenary celebrations. In the same year, he was voted into the UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll. Along with six awards in Italy for gentlemanly conduct, he has won the Golden Foot award. Born in Conegliano, Veneto, Del Piero is the son of Gino, an electrician, and Bruna and he regularly played football in the backyard with two friends, Nelso and Pierpaolo, as a child. All three dreamed of becoming footballers, but only Alessandro would eventually manage to do so, Alessandros older brother, Stefano, briefly played professional football for Sampdoria before an injury curtailed his career, he later worked as Alessandros agent. The family lived in the hamlet of Saccon, a home in San Vendemiano. While growing up, Del Pieros family did not have money for travelling abroad. While playing for the youth team of San Vendemiano, Del Piero used to feature as a goalkeeper. His mother thought it would be better for him to play in this role as he would not sweat, and the possibility of him getting injured was less likely. His brother Stefano commented to their mother that, due to his skill, Alessandro was more suited to playing in an offensive position. Del Piero began his rise to professional football in 1981, in the ranks of San Vendemiano, in 1988, Del Piero was first spotted by scouts, and he left home at the young age of 13 to play with the youth side of Padova. The following season, on 22 November 1992, he scored his first professional goal in a 5–0 victory over Ternana, in 1993, thanks to Giampiero Boniperti, Del Piero was bought by Juventus for five billion lire, with an overlap of 150 million lire per season. In 1993, Del Piero transferred to Juventus and played for the Torinese club for 19 seasons until being released in the summer of 2012, on his full debut for Juventus, he netted a hat-trick against Parma. Del Piero scored 8 goals in Serie A that season, including a match-winning chipped volley against Fiorentina, during this time, Del Piero earned the nickname Pinturicchio, due to the similarity between his own technical and tactical characteristics, and Baggios creative style of play
2.
Adrian Peterson
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Adrian Lewis Peterson is an American football running back who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings seventh overall in the 2007 NFL Draft and he played college football at Oklahoma. Peterson set the NCAA freshman rushing record with 1,925 yards as a freshman during the 2004 season. As a unanimous first-team All-American, he became the first freshman to finish as the runner-up in the Heisman Trophy balloting, Peterson finished his college football career as the Sooners third all-time leading rusher. Following his first professional season, in which he set an NFL record for most rushing yards in a single game, Peterson was named the NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year. He was then awarded the MVP award for his performance in the Pro Bowl, in 2010, he became the fifth fastest player to run for 5,000 yards, doing so in his 51st game. Peterson amassed 2,314 all-purpose yards from scrimmage in 2012, for his efforts, he received the NFL MVP Award and the AP NFL Offensive Player of the Year Award for the 2012 NFL season. Peterson also achieved the No.1 spot on the NFL Networks Top 100 Players of 2013, during the 2013 season, Peterson became the third fastest player to reach 10,000 rushing yards in NFL history. In April 2015, Peterson was reinstated to the league, Peterson was born in Palestine, Texas, to Bonita Brown and Nelson Peterson, who were also star athletes in college. His father was a guard for Idaho, but his dream of a National Basketball Association career was derailed when a gun that his brother was cleaning discharged into his leg. His mother, a three-time Texas state champion at Westwood High School, attended the University of Houston on a scholarship as a sprinter. Petersons best friend was his older brother Brian, Petersons father nicknamed him All Day, because his father said he could go all day. At age 7, Peterson saw his 9-year-old brother Brian killed by a driver as he rode his bicycle. It was around that time that Peterson began to deal with his pain through sports and he was the star of his youth football teams coached by Rick Nally. Coach Nally stated that at early age, we would watch AD play in the NFL one day. His father Nelson participated as an Assistant Coach, Peterson played in the popular East Texas, Anderson County Youth Football Program. When Peterson was 13, his father was arrested for laundering money for a cocaine ring. Peterson was a standout in football, basketball, and track at Palestine High School
3.
Spanish peseta
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The peseta was the currency of Spain between 1869 and 2002. Along with the French franc, it was also a de facto currency used in Andorra, the name of the currency comes from pesseta, the diminutive form of the word peça, which is a Catalan word that means piece or fraction. The first non-official coins which contained the word peseta were made in 1808 in Barcelona, traditionally, there was never a single symbol or special character for the Spanish peseta. Common abbreviations were Pt, Pta, Pts and Ptas, sometimes using superior letters, common earlier Spanish models of mechanical typewriters had the expression Pts on a single type head, as a shorthand intended to fill a single type space in tables instead of three. Later, Spanish models of IBM electric typewriters also included the type in its repertoire. This original character set chart later became the MS-DOS code page 437, some spreadsheet software for PC under MS-DOS, as Lotus 1-2-3, employed this character as the peseta symbol in their Spanish editions. Subsequent international MS-DOS code pages, like code page 850 and others, in order to guarantee the interchange with previous encodings such as code page 437, the international standard Unicode includes this character as U+20A7 PESETA SIGN in its Currency Symbols block. Other than that, the use of the peseta symbol standalone is extremely rare, in the version 1.0 of Unicode the character ₧ U+20A7 PESETA SIGN had two reference glyphs, a Pts ligature glyph as in IBM code page 437 and an erroneous P with stroke. The peseta was subdivided into 100 céntimos or, informally,4 reales, the last coin of any value under one peseta was a 50-céntimo coin issued in 1980 to celebrate Spains hosting of the 1982 FIFA World Cup. The last 25-céntimo coin was dated 1959, the ten céntimos also dated 1959, the 1-céntimo coin was last minted in 1913 and featured King Alfonso XIII. The 1⁄2-céntimo coin was last minted in 1868 and featured Queen Isabel II, the peseta was introduced in 1869 after Spain joined the Latin Monetary Union in 1868. The Spanish Law of June 26,1864 decreed that in preparation for joining the Latin Monetary Union, the peseta replaced the escudo at a rate of 5 pesetas =1 peso duro =2 escudos. The peseta was equal to 4.5 grams of silver, or 0.290322 grams of gold, from 1873, only the gold standard applied. The political turbulence of the twentieth century caused the monetary union to break up. In 1959, Spain became part of the Bretton Woods System, in 1967, the peseta followed the devaluation of the British pound, maintaining the exchange rate of 168 pesetas =1 pound and establishing a new rate of 70 pesetas =1 U. S. dollar. The peseta was replaced by the euro in 2002, following the establishment of the euro in 1999, the exchange rate was 1 euro =166.386 pesetas. At least 1252–1284 there was a 1 obolo brass coin – plated with silver – stamped, colnect shows even a first 1 Maravedí-coin made of copper having been edited since 1454. The bigger silver coin 1 Real came out 1786, the latter two currency units were used until the Peseta came in 1869
4.
Alpha Delta Pi
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Alpha Delta Pi is a National Panhellenic sorority founded on May 15,1851 at Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia. Alpha Delta Pi is known for being the first secret society for women at Wesleyan Female College. Alpha Delta Pi, nicknamed ADPi, was founded as the first girls sorority on May 15,1851 at Wesleyan Female College in Macon and it was first named the Adelphean Society, a secret society focused on fellowship and scholarship for girls. Alpha Delta Pi was the first secret society for women, the sorority was founded on the principles of scholarship, leadership, service to others, and sisterhood. These principles still guide the policies and programs of the sorority today, the open motto of ADPi is We Live for Each Other, and its colors are azure blue and white. The official flower is the violet, however, since woodland violets are found in the wild and not available for purchase. The mascot for Alpha Delta Pi is a lion with the nickname of Alphie, Alpha Delta Pi currently has 155 chapters in the United States and Canada, with the majority concentrated in the southern United States, and over 140 alumnae associations. Their Executive Office is located in Atlanta, Georgia and its national philanthropy is the Ronald McDonald House Charities. Alpha Delta Pi was founded by six women, Eugenia Tucker Fitzgerald, Elizabeth Williams Mitchell, Sophronia Woodruff Dews, Octavia Andrew Rush, Mary Evans Glass, Wesleyan College, the first college for women in the world, was chartered to grant degrees to women. Young women fortunate enough to receive an education were from progressive. A typical day for a Wesleyan student was highly regulated, there was a precise schedule for waking, eating, attending classes, taking fresh air and exercising, studying, attending chapel and sleeping. They had few personal liberties and little time for thinking and socializing. Alpha Delta Pi is a member of the National Panhellenic Conference, the symbols of Alpha Delta Pi are, Badge - The first diamond-shaped badge was worn by the Adelpheans in 1852. Stars were not included on this first badge, but it did have a monogram of the Wesleyan pin attached to the badge by a link chain, in 1854, the stars were added, but it was not until 1874 that the stars and the clasped hands were raised. This design remained with only slight modifications until 1906 when, at Alpha Delta Pis first convention and her design was a smaller gold badge with a black enamel center which pictured the clasped hands, the two stars, and the Greek letters, Alpha Delta Phi. This design was adopted by the convention and is the same pin we have today, Alpha Badge - New Member Badge, New members wear a gold pin with a lion atop the Greek letters ΒΥΑ. Mascot - The lion is the mascot of Alpha Delta Pi, Official Colors - Azure blue and white are the official colors of Alpha Delta Pi. Blue is symbolic of friendship, the basic spirit upon which Alpha Delta Pi was founded, white symbolizes sincerity and truth, two of the qualities in which Alpha Delta Pi looks for in its members
5.
East Syrian Rite
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The East Syrian Rite, also called Syro-Oriental Rite, Assyrian Rite, or Persian Rite, is a Christian liturgy originated in Edessa, Mesopotamia. The latter two churches are Eastern Catholic Churches in full communion with the See of Rome, the Syrian and Mesopotamian Catholics are now commonly called Chaldeans. The term Chaldean, which in Syriac generally meant magician or astrologer, denoted in Latin and other European languages Syrian nationality, for Aramaic, it especially refers to that form which is found in certain chapters of Daniel. In recent times they have called, chiefly by the Anglicans, the Assyrian Church. Brightman, in his Liturgies Eastern and Western, includes Chaldean and Malabar Catholics, the Chaldean rite originally grew out of the Jerusalem–Antioch liturgy. The liturgy of the Church of the East is attributed to two, but it is said to have been revised by the Patriarch Yeshuyab III in about 650. Some, however, consider this liturgy to be a development of the Antiochian, after the First Council of Ephesus -- the third Ecumenical Council -- the Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, which had hitherto been governed by a catholicos, refused to condemn Nestorius. Therefore, As part of the Nestorian Schism, the Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon cut itself off from Orthodox Christianity, however, At the end of the fourteenth century due to the conquests of Tamerlane and his destruction of Christian settlements across Asia. These remaining communities were later whittled away at in other events, due to these events, the Church of the East was turned into a small community of around 50,000 people in the Hakkari Mountains under the headship of the Shiumn line. There are three Anaphorae, those of the Holy Apostles, Mar Nestorius, and Mar Theodore the Interpreter, the first is the most popularly and extensively used. The third is used from Advent to Palm Sunday, the same pro-anaphoral part serves for all three. The Eucharistic Liturgy is preceded by a preparation, or Office of the Prothesis, the real leavening, however, is done by means of fermented dough from the preparation of the last Eucharistic Liturgy. The Chaldean and Syro-Malabar Catholics now use unleavened bread, the Liturgy itself is introduced by the first verse of the Gloria in Excelsis and the Lords prayer, with farcings, consisting of a form of the Sanctus. Then follow, The Introit Psalm, called Marmitha, with a prayer, varying for Sundays and greater feasts and for Memorials. In the Malabar Rite, Pss. xiv, cl, and cxvi are said in alternate verses by priests, the Antiphon of the Sanctuary, variable, with a similarly varying prayer. The Lakhumara, an antiphon beginning To Thee, Lord, which occurs in other services also preceded by a similarly varying prayer, in the Eastern Rite at low Mass the elements are put on the altar before the incensing. There are four or five Lections, the Law and the Prophecy, from the Old Testament, the Lection from the Acts, the Epistle, always from St. Paul, some days have all five lections, some four, some only three. All have an Epistle and a Gospel, but, generally, when there is a Lection from Law there is none from the Acts, sometimes there is none from either Law or Acts
6.
Alpha Delta Phi
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Alpha Delta Phi is a North American Greek-letter secret and social college fraternity. Alpha Delta Phi was founded as a society by Samuel Eells in 1832 at Hamilton College in Clinton. Its more than 50,000 alumni include former presidents and senators of the United States, in 1992, five chapters withdrew from the male-only organization to become co-educational, and formed the Alpha Delta Phi Society, a separate and independent organization. When Samuel Eells arrived on campus at Hamilton College, he found two existing literary societies, the Phoenix and the Philopeuthian, the latter of which he reluctantly joined. Eells proposed to members from both the Phoenix and the Philopeuthian and found a new society of limited membership based on the loftiest of intellectual and moral ideals. On October 29,1832, Eells gathered four other members, the other men were Lorenzo Latham, John Curtiss Underwood, Oliver Andrew Morse and Henry Lemuel Storrs. At that meeting Eells wrote the constitution and he and Latham designed the fraternitys emblem, later in the year, other members were added and the first chapter of the Alpha Delta Phi was in full operation by the beginning of 1833. Alpha Delta Phi was the first fraternity to establish a chapter west of the Appalachian Mountains when it formed a chapter at Miami University in 1835 and this chapter preceded the formation of three national fraternities at Miami University known as the Miami Triad in the years that followed. The Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity is a member of the North-American Interfraternity Conference. A Brother of Alpha Delta Phi, Hamilton W. Mabie, was the first President of the NIC, the Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity is today still a member of the NIC, the Alpha Delta Phi Society is not. Alpha Delta Phi is both a fraternity and a literary society. As part of this focus, the Samuel Eells Literary and Educational Foundation sponsors annual literary competitions, in August 2015, the fraternity had 33 chapters and 1 affiliate, the oldest of which is at Hamilton College. Its regional alumni organization, the Midwest Association of Alpha Delta Phi, is more than 125 years old, Alpha Delta Phi also has the third oldest continuously-operating chapter in the North American Fraternity System, which is also the second oldest Alpha chapter, placed at Hamilton College. At Yale University, it was mostly brothers of Alpha Delta Phi who were invited to join the universitys top-ranked senior society Skull, issues with the number of Alpha Delta Phis tapped for Skull and Bones also led to the creation of Yales second society, Scroll and Key. Students at Harvard formed a chapter of Alpha Delta Phi but disaffiliated to form the independent final club, in 1877, the Cornell University chapters alumni group built its first house for the undergraduates, which has been described as the first house in America built solely for fraternity use. Financed by 19th century entrepreneur Martin McVoy, the served the brothers until the turn of the century. The chapter has since moved to a different location on campus - into a house designed by John Russell Pope - but the chapter house, designed and built by William Henry Miller. The chapter is known for its Goat House, a multi-sided, windowless room designed by Frank Lloyd Wright
7.
Arab Democratic Party (Lebanon)
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The Arab Democratic Party – ADP or Parti Démocratique Arabe in French, is a Lebanese party, based in Tripoli. Its current leader is Rifaat Eid, the ADP raised in July 1981 with Syrian support its own militia, the Arab Red Knights – ARK or Red Knights for short. Trained by Rifa’at’s Defense Companies, they were known as the ‘Pink Panthers’ due to their green-. The National Fuel Company headed jointly by businessmen Maan Karami and Haj Muhammad Awadah, run in the behalf of the ADP and LCP a profitable fuel smuggling ring that stretched to the Beqaa Valley. After the end of the strife in October 1990, the ADP was disarmed. Prior to this, no Alawite had been elected to the Lebanese parliament, the Party seems to have revised its traditional pro-Syrian stance in the 1990s, in favour of a moderate, cautious neutralist posture in the current sphere of Lebanon’s internal politics. In 2005 it was rumoured that Rifaat al-Assad was reviving the Red Knights militia in Tripoli and it rearmed during the 2007 Lebanon conflict, after it was revealed that the Islamist group Fatah al-Islam had planned to attack the Alawis of Tripoli. It was active during the 2008 Lebanon conflict, now led by Ali Eids son Rifaat, as many as 9.000 Alawis fled their homes during the conflict. Despite years of freedom in operating a militia throughout Tripoli, the Lebanese Army later severely cracked down on the militia starting in April 2014 and this forced most militants to surrender to security forces and the groups leaders/commanders to free from the possibility of life in prison. During the Syrian civil war, spillover from that conflict has led to tensions between the ADP and surrounding Sunni militants. On 29 March 2014, Rifaat and Ali Eid Left Lebanon to Syria, abu Ghayda’s warrants are based on articles in the Penal Code that could lead to the death penalty. Lebanese Civil War List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War Denise Ammoun, Histoire du Liban contemporain, Tome 2 1943-1990, Fayard, ISBN 978-2-213-61521-9 Edgar OBallance, Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92, Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998. – Moustafa El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1, The Gun Trucks, Blue Steel books, ISBN 9953-0-1256-8 Rex Brynen, Sanctuary and Survival, the PLO in Lebanon, Boulder, Westview Press,1990. Robert Fisk, Pity the Nation, Lebanon at War, London, ISBN 0-19-280130-9 Samer Kassis,30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon, Beirut, Elite Group,2003
8.
USB On-The-Go
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Use of USB OTG allows those devices to switch back and forth between the roles of host and device. For instance, a phone may read from removable media as the host device. The device controlling the link is called the master or host, standard USB uses a master/slave architecture, a host acts as the master device for the entire bus, and a USB device acts as a slave. If implementing standard USB, devices must assume one role or the other, with computers generally set up as hosts, in the absence of USB OTG, cell phones often implemented slave functionality to allow easy transfer of data to and from computers. Such phones, as slaves, could not readily be connected to printers as they implemented the slave role. USB OTG directly addresses this issue, when a device is plugged into the USB bus, the master device, or host, sets up communications with the device and handles service provisioning. That allows the devices to be greatly simplified compared to the host, for example, the host controls all data transfers over the bus, with the devices capable only of signalling that they require attention. To transfer data between two devices, for example from a phone to a printer, the host first reads the data from one device, then writes it to the other. While the master-slave arrangement works for some devices, many devices can act either as master or as slave depending on what else shares the bus, USB OTG recognizes that a device can perform both master and slave roles, and so subtly changes the terminology. With OTG, a device can be either a host when acting as a link master, the choice between host and peripheral roles is handled entirely by which end of the cable the device is connected to. The device connected to the A end of the cable at start-up, known as the A-device, acts as the default host, while the B end acts as the default peripheral, known as the B-device. After initial startup, setup for the bus operates as it does with the normal USB standard, with the A-device setting up the B-device, however, when the same A-device is plugged into another USB system or a dedicated host becomes available, it can become a slave. Role swapping does not work through a hub, as one device will act as a host. USB OTG is a part of a supplement to the Universal Serial Bus 2.0 specification originally agreed upon in late 2001, the latest version of the supplement also defines behavior for an Embedded Host which has targeted abilities and the same USB Standard-A port used by PCs. SuperSpeed OTG devices, Embedded Hosts and peripherals are supported through the USB OTG, the USB OTG and Embedded Host Supplement to the USB2. It does so by measuring the capacitance on the USB port to determine whether there is another device attached. When a large change in capacitance is detected to indicate device attachment. At the same time, a B-device will generate SRP and wait for the USB bus to become powered, session Request Protocol Allows both communicating devices to control when the links power session is active, in standard USB, only the host is capable of doing so
9.
Automatic Data Processing
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ADP, LLC. is an American provider of human resources management software and services. In 1949 Henry Taub founded Automatic Payrolls, Inc. as a payroll processing business with his brother Joe Taub. Frank Lautenberg joined the brothers in the companys infancy, in 1952, Lautenberg became Chairman and CEO of the company. In 1957, the changed its name to Automatic Data Processing, Inc. and began using punched card machines, check printing machines. ADP went public in 1961 with 300 clients,125 employees and revenues of approximately US$400,000, the company established a subsidiary in the United Kingdom in 1965 and acquired the pioneering online computer services company Time Sharing Limited in 1974. Lautenberg continued in his roles as Chairman and CEO until elected to the United States Senate from New Jersey in 1982, from 1985 onward, ADP’s annual revenues exceeded the $1 billion mark, with paychecks processed for about 20% of the U. S. workforce. In the 1990s, ADP began acting as a professional employer organization, around this time, the company acquired Autonom, a German company and the payroll and human resource services company, GSI, headquartered in Paris. In September 1998, ADP acquired UK-based Chessington Computer Centre that supplied administration services to the UK Government, kerridge Computer Co. Ltd. a dealer management systems provider to auto dealers in the UK was acquired in 2006. In 2007, the ADP Brokerage Service Group was spun off to form Broadridge Financial Solutions, on February 27,2017, Automatic Data Processing Inc. confirmed it was closing its office in west Ann Arbor on March 30,2017. At the time, ADP stated that it had around 56,000 employees worldwide, also in early 2017, ADP described itself as the largest provider of HR services in North America, Europe, Latin America and the Pacific Rim. In 2007, the ADP Brokerage Service Group was spun off to form Broadridge Financial Solutions, ADP distributed one share of Broadridge common stock for every four shares of ADP common stock held by shareholders of record as of the close of business on March 23,2007. In 2010, ADP acquired the marketing company Cobalt. BZ Results, winner of the 2006 “Innovative Company of the Year”, was purchased by ADP in 2006, at the time, BZ Results was valued at $125 million. On April 7,2014, ADP announced plans to spin off the Dealer Services division as a standalone company, on August 19,2014, ADP Dealer Services announced that the name of the new company, post-spinoff, would be CDK Global. ADP is sponsor of the ADP National Employment Report as well as the ADP Small Business Report, in 2003,2004, and 2005, ADP was ranked as one of the top 10 companies in North America, having been AAA/Aaa rated by both S&P and Moodys. In 2006, ADP ranked #2 on InformationWeek 500s top 250 Innovators, in 2009, the Aberdeen Group named ADP as one of the top 25 Most Influential Technology Vendors for 2009. In 2010, ADP ranked first on Fortunes list of America’s Most Admired Companies within the Financial Data Services category, in 2010, ADP was awarded the #2 ranking in the Training Top 125 List by Training magazine. ADP ranked 12th in 2009 and 20th in 2008, in 2011, ADP achieved a 100 percent rating in the Corporate Equality Index report
10.
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
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Monoammonium phosphate is often used in the blending of dry agricultural fertilizers. It supplies soil with the nitrogen and phosphorus in a form usable by plants. The compound is also a component of the ABC powder in some dry chemical fire extinguishers and this substance is also supplied in an emerald green, amethyst, or aquamarine crystal growing box kit for children. As a result of its crystal structure, this material has negative uniaxial optical symmetry with typical refractive indices no =1.522. ADP crystals are piezoelectric, a property required in some active sonar transducers, in the 1950s ADP crystals largely replaced the quartz and Rochelle salt crystals in transducers because they are easier to work than Quartz and, unlike Rochelle Salt, are not deliquescent. MAP is mainly used as a fertilizer, but also as dry fire extinguisher, however MAP is also used in childrens crystal growing experiment uses
11.
Dzongkha
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Dzongkha, or Bhutanese, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by over half a million people in Bhutan, it is the sole official and national language of the Kingdom of Bhutan. The Tibetan alphabet is used to write Dzongkha, the word dzongkha means the language of the district, kha is language, and dzong is district. District-like dzong architecture characterises monasteries, established throughout Bhutan by its unifier, Ngawang Namgyal, 1st Zhabdrung Rinpoche, as of 2013, Dzongkha had 171,080 native speakers and about 640,000 total speakers. Dzongkha and its dialects are the native tongue of eight districts of Bhutan. There are also some speakers found near the Indian town of Kalimpong, once part of Bhutan, Dzongkha was declared as the national language of Bhutan in 1971. Dzongkha study is mandatory in all schools in Bhutan, and the language is the lingua franca in the districts to the south, the 2003 Bhutanese film Travellers and Magicians is entirely in Dzongkha. The Tibetan alphabet used to write Dzongkha has thirty basic letters, sometimes known as radicals, Dzongkha is usually written in Bhutanese forms of the Uchen script, forms of the Tibetan alphabet known as Jôyi cursive longhand and Jôtshum formal longhand. The print form is simply as Tshûm. There are various ways of Romanization and transliteration systems for Dzongkha, the phonetic transliteration was developed by the linguist George van Driem. Dzongkha is usually described as having three tones, high, medium and low, however, in monosyllabic words, each tone can occur with two distinct contours. The unaspirated stops /p/, /t/, /c/, and /k/ typically become voiced in the low tone and are pronounced, the sounds are regarded as allophones. Similarly, the stops, and are typically lightly aspirated in the low tone. The dialect of the social strata in Lhasa does not use voiced stops in the low tone. The alveolar trill is in distribution of the alveolar approximant, therefore. The voiceless alveolar lateral approximant resembles the voiceless lateral fricative found in languages such as Welsh. The consonants /m/, /ŋ/, /p/, /r/, /l/, the Classical Tibetan final /n/ is still present, but its modern pronunciation is normally realized as a nasalisation of the preceding vowel, rather than as a discrete consonant. However, /k/ is not pronounced in the position of a word except in very formal speech. Also, syllable-final /r/ and /l/ are often not clearly pronounced but realized as a lengthening of the preceding vowel
