1.
Canada Line
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The Canada Line is the third rapid transit line built in the SkyTrain metro system in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The line is owned By TransLink and InTransitBC and operated by ProTrans BC, and links Vancouver, Richmond, and it is coloured turquoise on route maps. The Canada Line comprises 19.2 kilometres of track, the line goes from Vancouver to Richmond. It had been scheduled to open on November 30,2009, the Canada Line was anticipated to have 100,000 boardings per day in 2013 and 142,000 boardings per day by 2021, but it has consistently exceeded early targets. Ridership has grown steadily since opening day, with ridership of 83,000 per day in September 2009,105,000 per day in March 2010. During the 17 days of the 2010 Winter Olympics, the line carried an average of 228,190 passengers per day, governance of the project was through Canada Line Rapid Transit Inc. formerly RAV Project Management Ltd. The line was built by SNC-Lavalin, and InTransitBC will manage the line for 35 years under a contract with TransLink. The Canada Line is operationally independent from British Columbia Rapid Transit Company, which operates SkyTrains Expo and Millennium lines, like the other two SkyTrain lines in Metro Vancouver, it is also light metro rapid transit, using fully automated trains on grade-separated guideways. However, the trains are powered by conventional motors rather than the induction system used on the other SkyTrain lines. The Canada Line begins in Downtown Vancouver at Waterfront Station in a subway tunnel beneath Granville Street. It quickly goes into twin-bored tunnels, heading southwest beneath Granville Street, the tunnels then dive deeper to pass below False Creek before rising back up to Olympic Village Station. There, the line back to a cut-and-cover tunnel heading south under Cambie Street. The line emerges from the ground just south of 64th Avenue, the line continues elevated across the North Arm Bridge over the North Arm of the Fraser River, leaving Vancouver and entering Richmond. Just beyond Bridgeport Station, the splits, with the Richmond branch heading south on elevated tracks along No.3 Road. The airport branch turns west and crosses the Middle Arm Bridge over the Middle Arm of the Fraser River, connecting to stations on Sea Island, portions of the airport branch are at grade in order to accommodate a future elevated taxiway for aircraft over the line. Both branches narrow to a track as they approach their respective terminus stations. Just before Bridgeport Station is the OMC facility, which houses the trains not in use. Station construction was designed as a two-stage process, sixteen original stations opened at the same time as the line did
2.
SkyTrain (Vancouver)
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SkyTrain is the metropolitan rail system of Greater Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. SkyTrain has 79.5 km of track and uses automated trains on grade-separated tracks running on underground and elevated guideways. SkyTrain has the worlds longest cable-supported transit-only bridge, known as SkyBridge, the opening of the Evergreen Extension on December 2,2016, made SkyTrain the longest rapid transit system in Canada and the longest fully automated driverless system in the world. SkyTrain has 53 stations serving three lines, the Expo, Millennium, and Canada Lines, the Expo Line and Millennium Line are operated by British Columbia Rapid Transit Company under contract from TransLink, a regional government transportation agency. The Canada Line is operated on the principles by the private concessionaire ProTrans BC under contract to TransLink. SkyTrain uses a system shared with other local transit services. SkyTrain Attendants provide first aid, directions and customer service, inspect fares, monitor train faults, the Expo Line was built in 1985 in time for Expo 86. The Expo Line ran only as far as New Westminster Station initially, in 1989, it was extended to Columbia Station and in 1990, once the Skybridge was finished, it continued across the Fraser River to Scott Road Station in Surrey. In 1994, the terminus of the Expo line became King George Station in central Surrey and it was built on a budget of $854 million. During peak periods, every third Expo Line train provides service to Production Way–University, off-peak and it was built on a $1. 2-billion budget and the final extension from Commercial Drive Station to VCC–Clark Station was opened on January 6,2006. From October 22,2016 to December 1,2016, the Millennium Line operated from VCC–Clark to Lougheed Town Centre station, since December 2,2016, the Millennium Line has operated between VCC–Clark Station in Vancouver and Lafarge Lake–Douglas station in Coquitlam. The Millennium Line has 17 stations, three of which are transfer stations with the Expo Line and two which connect with the West Coast Express commuter train, the original Millennium Lines stations were designed by British Columbias top architects and are very different from those on the Expo Line. In 2004, Busby and Associates Architects, designers of the Brentwood Town Centre station in Burnaby, were honoured for their work with a Governor Generals Medal in Architecture and this extension adds 11 km and 6 new stations to the Millennium Line. The Canada Line begins at the Waterfront Station hub, then south to the City of Richmond. Opened on August 17,2009, the Canada Line added 15 stations and 19.2 km to the SkyTrain network, the Canada Line cost $1.9 billion, financed by the Governments of Canada and British Columbia, TransLink, and InTransitBC. Canada Line tracks do not interconnect with the older SkyTrain network, current operation, Former operation, SkyTrain provides high-frequency service, with trains arriving every 2–7 minutes at all stations during peak hours. Trains operate between 5,00 a. m. and 1,30 a. m. on weekdays, with reduced hours on weekends on Expo and Millennium lines. SkyTrain has longer hours of service during special events, such as New Years Eve, the Vancouver 2010 Olympics, TransLinks SkyTrain service area is divided into three zones, with fares varying depending on how many zone boundaries are crossed during one trip
3.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
4.
TransLink (British Columbia)
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TransLink is the statutory authority responsible for the regional transportation network of Metro Vancouver in British Columbia, Canada, including public transport, major roads and bridges. Its main operating facilities are located in the city of New Westminster, TransLink is responsible for various modes of transportation in the Metro Vancouver region as well as the West Coast Express, which extends into the Fraser Valley Regional District. On November 29,2007, the province of British Columbia approved legislation changing the governance structure, buses in Metro Vancouver are operated by two companies. The District Municipality of West Vancouver operates the Blue Bus system serving West Vancouver, the schedules, fares, and routes of these services are integrated with other transit services operated by TransLink. Outside the city of Vancouver, most buses operate on a system along feeder routes that connect with SkyTrain, SeaBus, West Coast Express. Electric trolley buses operate on routes in the city of Vancouver. Most trolley bus routes operate in a north–south direction, trolley buses receive electricity from a network of overhead wires. In the fall of 2006, TransLink introduced a new generation of electric trolley buses, the new trolley buses have low floors and are fully wheelchair accessible. Many local routes are served by buses manufactured by New Flyer, TransLink has begun using hybrid diesel-electric buses. Some suburban routes use Orion highway coaches with high-back seats, overhead reading lights, in 2007, all TransLink buses became designated fare paid zones. Under this system, a rider is required to be in possession of a valid fare while on board the bus, enforcement of fares is conducted by Transit Security officers. On designated routes, such as the 99 B-Line, larger,18. 3-metre, as they are bypassing the driver and fare box, they must have a valid fare in their possession. On all other buses, passengers are required to board through the front doors, Fare inspections on buses are normally conducted by Transit Security officers and on occasion by the South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service. Failure to produce proof of payment may result in ejection from the bus and/or a fine of $173, TransLink also operates a late-night bus service, called NightBus, on 13 routes extending from downtown throughout the city and to several suburbs. NightBuses leave downtown Vancouver until 3 a. m, for the safety of passengers late at night, Transit Security officers ride some of the night buses and respond to calls onboard others. These buses are popular since SkyTrain ends service at 1,30 a. m. but downtown clubs, the first SkyTrain line, which later became known as the Expo Line, was built in 1985 as a transit showcase for Expo 86. The automated rapid transit system has become an important part of the transportation network. The Expo Line operates from downtown Vancouver to southern Burnaby, New Westminster, the system was expanded with the opening of the Millennium Line in 2002, which links eastern New Westminster and northern Burnaby to Vancouver
5.
Side platform
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A side platform is a platform positioned to the side of a pair of tracks at a railway station, tram stop, or transitway. Dual side platform stations, one for direction of travel, is the basic station design used for double-track railway lines. Side platforms may result in a wider overall footprint for the station compared with a platform where a single width of platform can be shared by riders using either track. In some stations, the two platforms are connected by a footbridge running above and over the tracks. While a pair of platforms is often provided on a dual-track line. Where the station is close to a crossing the platforms may either be on the same side of the crossing road or alternatively may be staggered in one of two ways. With the near-side platforms configuration, each platform appears before the intersection, in some situations a single side platform can be served by multiple vehicles simultaneously with a scissors crossing provided to allow access mid-way along its length. Normally, the facilities of the station are located on the Up platform with the other platform accessed from a footbridge. However, in cases the stations main buildings are located on whichever side faces the town or village the station serves. Larger stations may have two platforms with several island platforms in between. Some are in a Spanish solution format, with two platforms and an island platform in between, serving two tracks
6.
Bridgeport station (SkyTrain)
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Bridgeport is a SkyTrain station on the Canada Line in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada, south of Vancouver. The Canada Lines Operations and Maintenance Centre is located northeast of the station, there is a large park-and-ride facility adjacent to the station. The City of Richmond anticipates that the area surrounding this station will be heavily redeveloped, the Canada Line splits just southwest of Bridgeport station, with the main line continuing southward through Richmond to its terminus at Richmond–Brighouse station. A branch line heads westward across Sea Island to YVR–Airport station at the Vancouver International Airport, passengers traveling between Richmond and Sea Island must transfer at Bridgeport to complete their journey. The station also serves as the terminus for express buses from Delta and White Rock heading towards Vancouver, in the past
7.
Waterfront station (Vancouver)
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Waterfront station is a major intermodal public transportation facility and the main transit terminus in Downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Waterfront station is located on the shore of Burrard Inlet. Underground passages connect passengers directly to the Fairmont Waterfront Hotel and Canada Place, Waterfront station was one of the first to receive TransLinks new T signage, denoting a transit station. This signage was installed in the core of Vancouver to help visitors during the 2010 Olympics to identify a transit hub. The Vancouver Harbour Water Aerodrome float plane terminals are located nearby. Waterfront station was built by the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1914, the current station is the third CPR station. The last scheduled Via passenger train to use Waterfront station departed on 27 Oct 1979, Waterfront stations transformation into a public intermodal transit facility began in 1977. That year, SeaBus began operating out of a floating pier that was connected to the main terminal building via an overhead walkway above the CPR tracks. The CPRs passenger platform and some of its tracks were torn up in the early 1980s to make way for the guideway of the original SkyTrain line, which opened on December 11,1985. In 1995, platforms were adjacent to the SkyTrain station for the new West Coast Express. In 2002, Millennium Line trains began sharing the SkyTrain tracks with the Expo Line, in 2009, the Canada Line opened with a separate platform and entrance/exit point within the grand CPR station. Waterfront station serves as the terminus point for all three SkyTrain metro lines. A private ferry company, Royal SeaLink Express, ran passenger ferries from a new dock on the west side of the SeaBus terminal to Victoria and Nanaimo in the early 1990s, in 2003, HarbourLynx began operating out of Royal Sealinks old facility at the SeaBus terminal. In 2006, following engine problems with their only vessel. The main station building was designed in a style, with a symmetrical red-brick facade dominated by a row of smooth. The ionic columns are repeated in the interior hall, flanking the perimeter of the space. The main hall features two large clocks facing each other high on the east and west walls, paintings depicting various scenic Canadian landscapes line the walls above the columns. Cordova Street Entrance is an accessible entrance connecting all services at Waterfront Station
8.
Lansdowne station (SkyTrain)
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Lansdowne is a SkyTrain station on the Canada Line in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada, in the Metro Vancouver region. Lansdowne station is located at the intersection of Lansdowne Road and №3 Road and it serves Lansdowne Centre and Kwantlen Polytechnic University, as well as adjacent businesses and residences in the area. The station was originally to have located at the intersection of №3 Road and Alderbridge Way. The name Lansdowne comes from the use of the site for a horse-racing track, named Lansdowne Park. 403 Three Road / Bridgeport Station 405 Five Road / Cambie 410 Railway / 22nd Street Station N10 Richmond-Brighouse Station / Downtown C96 Richmond-Brighouse Station / East Cambie
9.
Richmond, British Columbia
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Richmond is a coastal city incorporated in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Part of the Metro Vancouver area, it has an population of 218,307 people as of 2017. Richmond has an immigrant population of 60%, the highest in Canada, Richmond is the location of Vancouver International Airport and was the site of the long track speed skating events during the 2010 Winter Olympics. Richmond is located on Lulu Island at the mouth of the Fraser River, neighbouring communities are Vancouver and Burnaby to the north, New Westminster to the east, and Delta to the south. The Strait of Georgia forms its western border, Coast Salish bands had temporary camps on the island, to fish and collect berries, which were scattered and moved from year to year. Certain Coast Salish summer camps were located at Garry Point, and Woodwards Landing, along with the site of the Terra Nova cannery, the Township of Richmond was named by Founding Father John Wesley Sexsmith after his birthplace The Township of Richmond, Lennox County, Ontario. The Township of Richmond, Lennox County, Ontario was named for Governor General for British North America, Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond, Richmond, Yorkshire, the first published reference to “Richmond” was a pamphlet about the local farmstead established on Sea Island by Hugh McRoberts. His daughter chose this name because the view across the Fraser River reminded her of Richmond, north of Sydney, Australia. At the meeting in her home to choose the name Mrs. Hugh Boyd, wife of the first reeve of Richmond, was told that the name came from her birthplace, the Township of Richmond, British Columbia incorporated on November 10,1879. On December 3,1990, Richmond was designated as a City. The first Town Hall, the Agricultural Hall and the Methodist Church, were built at the corner of No.17 Rd and No.20 Rd near the main settlement on the northwestern tip of Lulu Island at North Arm. The old fishing village of Steveston on the tip of Lulu Island is now home to several museums and heritage sites. Currently, London Heritage Farm, the Gulf of Georgia Cannery, Richmond comprises most of the islands in the Fraser River delta, the largest and most populated island being Lulu Island. The city of Richmond includes all but a portion of Lulu Island. The next largest island, Sea Island, is home to the Vancouver International Airport, in addition to Lulu and Sea Islands,15 smaller islands make up the citys 129.66 square kilometres land area. The city also includes the village of Steveston, located in the far southwest corner of the city, and Burkeville. Both Steveston and Burkeville were independent villages until they were annexed by Richmond, the drawback of Richmonds geographical location was that since all the land averages just one metre above sea level, it was prone to flooding, especially during high tide. There is a possibility that, during an earthquake, the dykes could rupture, Richmond is also at risk of a major flood if the Fraser River has an unusually high spring freshet
10.
British Columbia
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British Columbia is the westernmost province of Canada, with a population of more than four million people located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia bioregion, along with the U. S. states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Alaska. The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria, established in 1843, subsequently, on the mainland, the Colony of British Columbia was founded by Richard Clement Moody and the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush. Port Moody is named after him, in 1866, Vancouver Island became part of the colony of British Columbia, and Victoria became the united colonys capital. In 1871, British Columbia became the province of Canada. Its Latin motto is Splendor sine occasu, the capital of British Columbia remains Victoria, the fifteenth-largest metropolitan region in Canada, named for the Queen who created the original European colonies. The largest city is Vancouver, the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, the largest in Western Canada, in October 2013, British Columbia had an estimated population of 4,606,371. British Columbia evolved from British possessions that were established in what is now British Columbia by 1871, First Nations, the original inhabitants of the land, have a history of at least 10,000 years in the area. Today there are few treaties and the question of Aboriginal Title, notably, the Tsilhqotin Nation has established Aboriginal title to a portion of their territory, as a result of the recent Supreme Court of Canada decision. BCs economy is diverse, with service producing industries accounting for the largest portion of the provinces GDP and it is the endpoint of transcontinental railways, and the site of major Pacific ports that enable international trade. Though less than 5% of its vast 944,735 km2 land is arable and its climate encourages outdoor recreation and tourism, though its economic mainstay has long been resource extraction, principally logging, farming, and mining. Vancouver, the provinces largest city and metropolitan area, also serves as the headquarters of many western-based natural resource companies and it also benefits from a strong housing market and a per capita income well above the national average. The Northern Interior region has a climate with very cold winters. The climate of Vancouver is by far the mildest winter climate of the major Canadian cities, the provinces name was chosen by Queen Victoria, when the Colony of British Columbia, i. e. the Mainland, became a British colony in 1858. The current southern border of British Columbia was established by the 1846 Oregon Treaty, British Columbias land area is 944,735 square kilometres. British Columbias rugged coastline stretches for more than 27,000 kilometres and it is the only province in Canada that borders the Pacific Ocean. British Columbias capital is Victoria, located at the tip of Vancouver Island. Only a narrow strip of the Island, from Campbell River to Victoria, is significantly populated, much of the western part of Vancouver Island and the rest of the coast is covered by thick, tall and sometimes impenetrable temperate rainforest
11.
Metro Vancouver Regional District
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Metro Vancouver is a political body and corporate entity designated by provincial legislation as one of the regional districts in British Columbia, Canada. Now officially known by the name of the Metro Vancouver Regional District. Further, it was known as the Regional District of Fraser–Burrard for nearly one year upon originally incorporating in mid-1967, the MVRD is under the direction of 23 local authorities, it delivers regional services, sets policy and acts as a political forum. The regional districts most populous city is Vancouver, and Metro Vancouvers administrative offices are located in the City of Burnaby, the MVRDs boundaries match those of the Vancouver census metropolitan area as identified by Statistics Canada. The Greater Vancouver Water District and the Greater Vancouver Sewerage and Drainage District were established in 1924 and 1956 respectively, the Government of British Columbia incorporated a regional district for this western portion of the Lower Mainland named the Regional District of Fraser-Burrard on June 29,1967. Just under a later, the regional district was renamed as the Greater Vancouver Regional District on June 13,1968. In 2007, the GVRD applied to change its legal name a second time to simply Metro Vancouver. The regional district was formally renamed a second time by the Government of British Columbia on January 30,2017 to the Metro Vancouver Regional District. The Metro Vancouver Regional District is located east of the Strait of Georgia, the boundaries of the MVRD match those of the Vancouver CMA. 5% from its revised 2011 population of 2,313,328. This regional district comprises 23 local authorities as members,21 municipalities, one electoral area, note, Abbotsford is a member for parks purposes only. Electoral Area A comprises all unincorporated land within the district boundaries. There are also seventeen Indian reserves within the area that are not subject to governance by local authorities or the regional district. Abbotsford also participates in the Metro Vancouver regional district, but only for parks purposes, each of these is governed by a board of directors. The board of the MVRD has 38 directors coming from the 23 local authorities who are MVRD members, each board director is an elected official of one of the local authorities, with the exception of the representative for Electoral Area A, which has no elected council. As of 2017, the organization had about 1,500 employees, the principal function of Metro Vancouver is to administer resources and services which are common across the metropolitan area. The Metro Vancouver Board has defined its strategic priorities for 2015 through 2018 in its Board Strategic Plan, the organization categorizes its work into eight action areas, as described in the following subsections. However, 84% of the budget is spent in three of those areas - the three utilities. Metro Vancouvers commitments and its members commitments to each area are outlined in eight board-approved management plans as referenced below
12.
Aberdeen Centre
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Aberdeen Centre is a shopping mall in Richmond, British Columbia. It is located in the Golden Village district on Hazelbridge Way, the original Aberdeen Centre was built in 1989. It contained about 50 to 75 stores, the original Chinese name was 香港仔中心, which refers to the Chinese name of Aberdeen, Hong Kong. As new Asian malls such as Yaohan Centre and President Plaza opened and it was demolished in 2001, and was rebuilt for approximately $130 million. The current Aberdeen Centre, opened in 2003, is three times the original malls size and has around 100 stores. The new malls primary anchor store is Daiso, which is the companys first store outside of Asia, there are restaurants on its upper floors. An indoor musical fountain, similar to the one in front of Bellagio Hotel in Las Vegas but smaller in scale, was built at the centre of the mall, in 2006, the mall became home to the operations of Fairchild Groups Chinese-language TV and radio operations in Vancouver. Fairchild Radio now has studios on the floor, while Fairchild TV. Public transit buses, serviced by TransLink, have connections to the mall, with routes to Downtown Vancouver. It is also served by SkyTrains Aberdeen Station along the Canada Line with access to the station via Aberdeen Square through a walkway to the east platform. On February 9,2006, a battle between four men occurred in the upper food court area of the mall. One man was stabbed in the heart and died at the scene. Another was seriously injured, suffering a wound at the back. The two remaining men fled the scene, leaving horrified shoppers, on October 26,2008, a middle-aged Asian man committed suicide by jumping down from the third floor near the food court area. He was pronounced dead at the scene, Richmond RCMP ruled out any foul play and believed it was an isolated suicide incident. Chinese Canadians in British Columbia Golden Village Parker Place Aberdeen Centre expansion 75% sold
13.
Asia
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Asia covers an area of 44,579,000 square kilometres, about 30% of Earths total land area and 8. 7% of the Earths total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its large size and population. In general terms, Asia is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean, the western boundary with Europe is a historical and cultural construct, as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them. The most commonly accepted boundaries place Asia to the east of the Suez Canal, the Ural River, and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains, China and India alternated in being the largest economies in the world from 1 to 1800 A. D. The accidental discovery of America by Columbus in search for India demonstrates this deep fascination, the Silk Road became the main East-West trading route in the Asian hitherland while the Straits of Malacca stood as a major sea route. Asia has exhibited economic dynamism as well as robust population growth during the 20th century, given its size and diversity, the concept of Asia—a name dating back to classical antiquity—may actually have more to do with human geography than physical geography. Asia varies greatly across and within its regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments, economics, historical ties, the boundary between Asia and Africa is the Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez, and the Suez Canal. This makes Egypt a transcontinental country, with the Sinai peninsula in Asia, the border between Asia and Europe was historically defined by European academics. In Sweden, five years after Peters death, in 1730 Philip Johan von Strahlenberg published a new atlas proposing the Urals as the border of Asia, the Russians were enthusiastic about the concept, which allowed them to keep their European identity in geography. Tatishchev announced that he had proposed the idea to von Strahlenberg, the latter had suggested the Emba River as the lower boundary. Over the next century various proposals were made until the Ural River prevailed in the mid-19th century, the border had been moved perforce from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea into which the Ural River projects. The border between the Black Sea and the Caspian is usually placed along the crest of the Caucasus Mountains, the border between Asia and the loosely defined region of Oceania is usually placed somewhere in the Malay Archipelago. The terms Southeast Asia and Oceania, devised in the 19th century, have had several different geographic meanings since their inception. The chief factor in determining which islands of the Malay Archipelago are Asian has been the location of the possessions of the various empires there. Lewis and Wigen assert, The narrowing of Southeast Asia to its present boundaries was thus a gradual process, Asia is larger and more culturally diverse than Europe. It does not exactly correspond to the borders of its various types of constituents. From the time of Herodotus a minority of geographers have rejected the three-continent system on the grounds there is no or is no substantial physical separation between them
14.
Golden Village (Richmond, British Columbia)
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Cambie is a commercial district of Richmond, British Columbia, Canada best known for its high concentration of Asian-themed shopping malls. It is the home to the second-largest Asian community in North America, Richmonds population is up to 60 percent Asian-Canadian. Richmond is sometimes seen as the new Chinatown of Greater Vancouver, while Chinatown is often viewed as a lower income area, bordering Vancouvers notorious Downtown Eastside, Richmond is largely an affluent suburb. Golden Villages approximate borders are Sea Island Way to the north, Garden City Road to the east, Alderbridge Way to the south and it is considered part of the citys main commercial district, extended from its original area around Richmond Centre. Golden Village is served by transit, funded by TransLink. Since 2009, the area is connected to Vancouver and to central Richmond by the SkyTrain Canada Line, there are also bus connections in Golden Village to Richmond Centre, New Westminster, British Columbia, Steveston, the University of British Columbia and Burnaby, British Columbia. Golden Village is directly connected to Richmonds Sea Island, home to Vancouver International Airport, via the Moray Bridge and the Sea Island Bridge
15.
Parker Place
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Parker Place is a 61,000 square foot shopping mall in Richmond, British Columbia. It is located on No.3 Road, in Richmonds Golden Village and it is primarily a mall to serve the Asian Canadian population. Most of its stores are mid-sized and there are no real dominant tenants, Parker Place was one of the filming locations in the CBC Television miniseries Dragon Boys. Chinese Canadians in British Columbia Aberdeen Centre Richmond Centre Golden Village Parker Place official site
16.
Cambie Street
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Cambie Street is a street in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It is named for Henry John Cambie, chief surveyor of the Canadian Pacific Railways western division, there are two distinct sections of the street. North of False Creek, the runs on a northeast-southwest alignment. As such, the street runs perpendicular to the Cambie Bridge. Instead, Nelson Street carries southbound traffic onto the bridge, the downtown section of Cambie Street runs from Water Street in Gastown in the north to Pacific Boulevard in Yaletown in the south and is a two-way street for its length. South of False Creek, the street is a major arterial road. They argued in favour of using the existing Arbutus Street rail corridor instead, as such, even though it cost less than using a tunnel boring machine, the plan drew heavy criticism from area residents and businesses. Gregor Robertson, who became the mayor of Vancouver, was a strong supporter of Cambie Street merchants. He called the handling of the line construction an injustice. Leave for further appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada was subsequently denied, on the Canada Line opening day of August 17,2009 Robertson said Greater Vancouver needed more rapid transit but the Canada Line was a great start and that he was a Johnny-come-lately to the project. During the years 2006 to 2009 portions of the south of False Creek were closed to traffic to allow for construction of the line. The cut-and-cover tunnel runs underneath the east side of the street for most of its route, south of West 63rd Avenue, the line emerges from the tunnel and runs on an elevated structure across the Fraser River
17.
History of the SkyTrain
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Construction was funded by the provincial and federal governments. Vancouver had plans as early as the 1950s to build a system, with modernist architect Wells Coates pencilled in to design it. The lack of a transit system was said to be the cause of traffic problems in the 1970s. In 1980 the need for rapid transit was great, and Ontario needed buyers for its new technology, advanced Rapid Transit was selected to be built in Vancouver to showcase the Ontario project at Expo 86. Construction of the line began on March 1,1982 under the Social Credit government of Bill Bennett. SkyTrain opened on December 11,1985 with free weekend service, until 1989, SkyTrain terminated at New Westminster Station, in 1987 construction began on an extension including the Skybridge, Columbia Station, and Scott Road Station, extending service to Surrey. The line was expanded yet again in 1994 with the opening of the Gateway, Surrey Central, SkyTrain is part of the 1996 Greater Vancouver Regional Districts Livable Region Strategic Plan, which discusses strategies to deal with the anticipated increase of population in the region. These strategies include increasing transportation choices and transit use, from 1989 to 1993, BC Transit had carried out an extensive analysis on rapid transit from Vancouver to Richmond. Close to a million dollars was spent by BC Transit carrying out engineering, routes in Vancouver such as Granville, Oak, Heather, Ontario and Main Street were all examined and eliminated. Recommended routes for the assessment were Cambie street and the Arbutus corridor. The final option selected was SkyTrain running along Cambie, but the Arbutus line was a contender from the point of view of cost. As part of that announcement, there were rapid transit corridors for future studies shown from Vancouver to Richmond and these corridors were Arbutus and Cambie streets. Were transferred from BC Transit to the Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority, as part of the deal, they agreed on a limited growth plan with the province taking responsibility for expansion under the Crown corporation Rapid Transit Project 2000 Ltd. and a cost-sharing scheme. RTP2000 proposed an expansion, a $1. The first section of the Millennium Line opened in 2002, with Braid, most of the remaining portion began operating later that year, serving North Burnaby and East Vancouver. Phase I of the Millennium Line was completed $50 million under budget, critics of the project dubbed it the SkyTrain to Nowhere, claiming that the route of the new line was based on political concerns, not the needs of commuters. But additional development has been slow to get off the ground, by 1998 plans for a line to Richmond resurfaced, including a spur to the Vancouver International Airport, in part to strengthen Vancouvers planned bid for the 2010 Winter Olympics. Equal shares of funding was obtained from the federal and provincial governments as well as the airport authority, the new line was named the Canada Line to acknowledge the federal governments contribution
18.
SkyTrain rolling stock
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The SkyTrain is a large rapid transit system located in Greater Vancouver, and has a large fleet of rolling stock. These trains reach speeds of 80 km/h, including wait times at stops, the initial fleet consists of 12 m lightweight Mark I ICTS cars from Urban Transportation Development Corporation, similar to those used by Torontos Scarborough RT and the Detroit People Mover. Mark I vehicles are composed of mated pairs and normally run as four-car trains, the maximum based on station platform lengths is a six-car configuration, totaling 72 m The SkyTrain fleet currently includes 150 Mark I trains. These trains have side-facing seats, red, white, and blue interiors, each Mark I car has 36 seats and a capacity of 80 passengers. Mark I trains have spaces dedicated for wheelchair users, bicycles, the Mark I ICTS cars built between 1984 and 1986 for the first/1985 phase of the Expo Line featured two end-doors, one at the front and back of each car. The back side of car had sections painted in black. These trains were different from the test train couple used during the ICTS testing in 1983, in 1991, additional Mark I ICTS cars were purchased. These newer cars featured no end doors, and the side was not coloured black. The ends of each car had no doors, instead, the windows were slightly enlarged, trains include a fold-down seat near the front ends that permit a rider a view of the tracks from the end car. When the 1984/86 fleet of ICTS cars were introduced, floors were carpet-lined, intended as a way to showcase SkyTrain as an elegant world class system. However, as maintaining the carpets proved difficult and sanitation issues quickly became a concern, between the late 1990s and early 2000s, just prior to the opening of the Millennium Line, SkyTrain gradually refurbished the entire Mark I train fleet in terms of design and layout. From the beginning of the systems opening in January 1986. During Expo 86, four-car trains were used to manage the large-scale population flow of the fair. Two-car trains were phased out between 1990 and 1993 in response to complaints about overcrowding. Prior to the opening of the Millennium Line, four-car trains became standard because SkyTrain could operate frequent service during peak hours, the opening of GM Place also brought an increase in the number of special events which required extended capacity during the evenings. SkyTrain operates up to six, six-car trains for capacity during peak periods, two-car trains only operate during train maintenance and testing at the BCRTC Edmonds Maintenance and Storage Facility in Burnaby. From late 2016, leading up to the opening of the Evergreen Extension on December 2, Mark I trains no longer operate as four-car trains, they now solely operate as six-car trains. When the Millennium Line was built, TransLink ordered new-generation Mark II ART trains from Bombardier Transportation,50 of which were manufactured in a Burnaby factory, similar trains are used in Kuala Lumpurs Kelana Jaya Line, New Yorks JFK AirTrain, and the new Beijing Airport Express
19.
Expo Line (TransLink)
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The Expo Line is the oldest line of the SkyTrain rapid transit system in the Metro Vancouver region of British Columbia, Canada. The line is owned and operated by TransLink, and links Vancouver, Burnaby, New Westminster, the Expo Line is coloured dark blue on route maps. The line was known as SkyTrain from its launch in 1985 until 2002 and it was given its present name in 2002 to differentiate it from Millennium Line, the second line on the SkyTrain system which was opened that year. It was named for Expo 86, the fair that Vancouver hosted in 1986. From there, the splits, with the Expo Line crossing the Fraser River to Surrey. On October 22,2016, a branch was added to the Expo Line route. This branch runs from Columbia to Production Way–University, making stops at Sapperton, Braid, the main branch between Waterfront and King George remains in place. The line travels underground for a stretch between New Westminster and Columbia stations. Just east of Columbia is a junction where the line splits, one branch crosses the Fraser River, via the Skybridge, and is elevated for the rest of its run through Surrey, with King George as its terminus station. The other branch continues through New Westminster, first through a tunnel, what is now known as SkyTrain began as a demonstration project to showcase the newly developed linear induction propulsion technology to Vancouver and other prospective cities throughout the world. Although Torontos Scarborough RT was completed before the Expo Line in 1985, the Intermediate Capacity Transit System demonstration was built using the Advanced Rapid Transit technology developed by the Urban Transportation Development Corporation. Construction began on March 1,1982 and was completed in early 1983, the demonstration project consisted of just one station and about one kilometre of guideway with no switches. This original station was not named during this time as it was the only station, as it was a showcase station, Main Street has a different design from other stations on the Expo Line that came after it. For example, glass is featured in the design, but is missing from other future Expo Line stations. The guideway for the line was a straight section east of the station running over Terminal Avenue. It ended across from where the former Brussels Chocolate factory once was, there was no guideway west of the station as the track ended immediately at the west end of the platform where the Vancity head office now stands. The ICTS guideway was built differently from the rest of the Expo Line, the columns were different especially with how they are joined with the guideway. The walkway between the two tracks is of a different but also inferior design from the Expo Line, and it is showing signs of rust that come with the age of the guideway
20.
SeaBus
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The SeaBus is a passenger-only ferry service in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It crosses Burrard Inlet to connect the cities of Vancouver and North Vancouver, owned by TransLink and operated by the Coast Mountain Bus Company, the SeaBus forms an important part of the regions integrated public transportation system. The SeaBus fleet currently consists of four vessels, the ferries operate between approximately 6,00 am and 1,00 am from Monday to Saturday, and between 8,00 am and 11,30 pm on Sundays and holidays. During the daytime from Monday to Saturday two of the three ferries are in service, with the two ferries departing simultaneously from opposite termini and passing each other halfway. The 1. 75-nautical-mile crossing takes 10–12 minutes in each direction with a speed of 11.5 knots, with a 3-5 minute turnaround and, therefore. At these times, over 50 crossings are made a day, during the evenings and on Sundays, service is reduced to a 30-minute schedule with only one ferry operating. The SeaBus is capable of operating on a 12-minute turnaround, however, at the higher speeds, the wake created disturbs other users of the Burrard Inlet. During overloads they do sometimes operate at the higher speeds, the ferries operate with four crew members on board and engineers who stay ashore most of the time, but do regular checks of the engines and are available to come aboard at any time. Seabus crew members are trained and certified to deal with marine emergencies, the original emergency procedure involved using the other SeaBus to evacuate passengers from the distressed SeaBus. The turnstiles on the entrance into the SeaBus waiting area are used only for counting the number of passengers boarding, when the maximum number is reached, the turnstiles lock and no more passengers are allowed on that SeaBus. Seabus is a Fare Paid Zone similar to SkyTrain and buses, Fare inspections are done by Transit Security Officers and on occasion by members of the South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service. Seabus attendants may check fares, but do not conduct enforcement, seabus attendants can call Transit Security to deal with non-compliant passengers. Failure to pay the fare or retain a valid fare may result in being removed from the terminal and/or fined $173. Traditionally, like all public transit in Vancouver, the SeaBus offers free rides on New Years Eve to discourage drinking and driving, the SeaBus stops on the Vancouver side at Waterfront Station, near the Vancouver Convention Centre and the cruise ship terminal at Canada Place. A skywalk connects the SeaBus terminal to the station building. In North Vancouver, the SeaBus stops at the purpose-built Lonsdale Quay, in addition to serving commuters, Lonsdale Quay has become an important tourist destination, with a hotel and public market. The current SeaBus fleet consists of the vessels, The ferries are catamarans constructed out of aluminium. The ferries are double-ended so that they can travel in either direction without turning around, there are four diesel engines in each vessel, one for each propeller
21.
West Coast Express
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West Coast Express is the only interregional commuter railway in British Columbia, Canada. A one-way trip takes 75 minutes, which is faster than driving to Downtown Vancouver, the commuter railway is owned by TransLink, the transportation authority of the Metro Vancouver region, and a member of the Canadian Urban Transit Association. The South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service and transit security officers conduct random fare inspections within the Fare Paid Zones at stations, people caught without valid fare are removed from the train and may be fined $173. Contracted commissionaires provide station attendant services and a security presence, even checking fares on occasion at stations, enforcement of fares and other regulations is conducted by the South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service and transit security. Rail service is supplemented by TransLinks bus No,701, which runs four eastbound and four westbound trips per weekday—one in the morning, one in the afternoon, and two in the evening—between Coquitlam Central Station and Mission City Station. This service does not run on weekends and holidays, TransLinks regular one-zone adult/concession fare rates apply to these trips. The eastbound bus makes regular stops until it reaches Haney Place Exchange in Maple Ridge and this process is reversed for westbound buses. The entire one-way route is completed in 60–70 minutes, until December 30,2016, West Coast Express ran coach-style TrainBus service, which provided additional service when trains were not running. This service was replaced by bus No.701, existing paper fares were honoured until July 24,2015. West Coast Express fares can also be used as a fare on other TransLink services. A one-way fare expires 180 minutes from the time of purchase, see TransLink Fares for more information on the pricing of the West Coast Express fares. Denotes wheelchair access Each train consists of a General Motors/ EMD F59PHI diesel-electric locomotive, West Coast Express also operates a MPI MP36PH-3C for backup. The total fleet of coaches is 44. Each passenger carriage has a capacity of 144 people. Passenger amenities include washrooms, a bar, power outlets, wheelchair accessibility. The carriages and locomotives are maintained by Via Rail and, under the contract, Bombardier began a contract to operate the trains for the next five years, commencing on May 5,2014. After May 2014, Track time is negotiated between TransLink and the CPR, which balances the use by the West Coast Express with its freight operation. TransLinks 2009 Capital Plan included upgrades to the Waterfront and Mission stations, TransLink has been criticized for the low ridership of the West Coast Express and supports its expansion
22.
Burrard station
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Burrard is a SkyTrain station in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, served by the Expo Line. The station is located in the Dunsmuir Tunnel located beneath Downtown Vancouver, Burrard station is located in the heart of Vancouver’s financial district and is very close to Coal Harbour and the West End. Burrard station is one of six SkyTrain subway stations currently serving Downtown Vancouver and it connects with many TransLink bus routes in Metro Vancouver, these buses serve the city of Vancouver, Burnaby, the city and district of North Vancouver, West Vancouver, and the Tri-Cities. Prior to the opening of the Canada Line, a number of routes also served Richmond, Delta, Surrey, like Granville, and King Edward, Burrard Station has a distinctive platform design. The westbound track is stacked on top of the eastbound track, the structure housing the surface station entrance was designed to resemble Victorian-era British railway stations, with a peaked glass roof. When originally opened, the only underground passage was to the Bentall Centre skyscraper complex in the Financial District. A connection to the Royal Centre complex was constructed years later. Burrard Street Entrance is the entrance for Buarrard station, with connection to Royal Centre. Three escalators are available between platform and concourse level, and 1 up-escalator between concourse and street level, fare gates are located at inbound platform level for this entrance. Burrard Street Elevator Access is separated from the entrance at street level and located north of the entrance, closer to the Burrard. A small station house is being built to accommodate fare gates at street level, at platform level, the access to the elevator is behind a narrow door and a short corridor. Burrard station provides a transit exchange on Burrard, Dunsmuir. Bus bay assignment is as follows, Media related to Burrard Station at Wikimedia Commons
23.
Granville station (SkyTrain)
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Granville is an underground SkyTrain station in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, served by the Expo Line. The station is located in the Dunsmuir Tunnel located beneath Downtown Vancouver, the station is named for nearby Granville Street, whose name in turn derives from Granville, the name of the original settlement that preceded Vancouver prior to its incorporation in 1886. The portion of Granville Street on which this station is located is known as the Granville Mall, at approximately 25 metres underground, Granville station is the deepest subway station on the Expo Line. Granville station is located in the heart of the Granville Entertainment District which is known for shopping, trendy culture. The station is accessible from the surface via entrances on Granville Street and Seymour Street, the station can be accessed underground via Pacific Centre mall, through the Downtown Vancouver premises of the Hudsons Bay Company. The station serves the shopping and entertainment districts along Granville and Robson streets, the station is also within walking distance of such amenities as Robson Square, the Orpheum Theatre, Vancouver Library Square, TD Tower, Scotia Tower and the HSBC Canada Building. There are unoccupied retail spaces within the new station area’s ticket vending lobby, the design of the station, its capacity, and connection to Granville Mall make it possible for the original facility to be closed entirely, however, it will remain in full service. The original station closed only temporarily for lighting upgrades from October 23,2006. There is a retail space standing at the bottom of the long escalator bank in the original station area. It is one of the few stores located entirely within a fare zone of any SkyTrain station. It held a Shefield & Sons location prior to the summer of 2005, as of 2008, Granville station is one of six SkyTrain subway stations on the Expo Line serving Downtown Vancouver. It connects with many TransLink bus routes, including trolleybus routes on the Granville Mall and suburban bus routes heading to and from North, like Burrard and King Edward stations, Granville station has a distinctive platform design. The westbound track is stacked above the track, with the westbound platform being one level above the eastbound platform. Granville station is unique in being one of only a few stations having no surface building of its own. Granville Street Entrance is one of the entrance for the station. Underground connection to the basement level of HBC department store. Three escalators are available between platform and concourse level, however, none is available between concourse and street, escalator to this entrance is later made available through an underground connection from the new Dunsmuir entrance. No elevator available for entrance, and there is no stairway available between concourse and platform
24.
Millennium Line
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The Millennium Line is the second rapid transit line built in the SkyTrain metro system in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The line is owned and operated by TransLink, Millennium Line uses the colour yellow on route maps, wayfinding and station signage. Effective December 2,2016, eastbound service on the Millennium Line terminates at Lafarge Lake–Douglas station in Coquitlam, the Expo Line now serves Production Way–University, Lougheed Town Centre, Braid, and Sapperton, with Braid and Sapperton now being exclusively Expo Line stations. When the Expo Line was opened in 1985, an extension to Lougheed Mall in east Burnaby was proposed, an 18-month review of rapid transit was scheduled and started in January 1998 but was cut short by the governments announcement of its choice of Bombardiers technology in June 1998. This meant that the first phase of the line would have to connect to the existing Expo Line to use its maintenance yard, connecting the two lines at Broadway Station was deemed impracticable, so the lines were connected in New Westminster. Switches to the Millennium Line were installed on the Expo Line at the end of the Skybridge. Expo Line service was reduced to a track over the Skybridge during the installation of these switches. The second phase of the Millennium Line was to be an extension from Lougheed Mall to Coquitlam, a short spur and switches to the PMC Line were installed to the east of Lougheed Town Centre Station and a third platform was roughed-in in anticipation of the extension. Phase II was cancelled following a change in provincial government, for Phase II, service was extended to Commercial Drive Station on August 31,2002. Lake City Way Station, located between Sperling–Burnaby Lake and Production Way–University Stations, opened on November 21,2003, three years later, the line was extended to its present terminus, VCC–Clark Station, on January 6,2006. The Millennium Line was completed at a cost of $1.2 billion, transfer to the Expo Line is now possible at Commercial–Broadway, Production Way–University, and Lougheed Town Centre Stations. In 2007, the portion of the Millennium Line served an average of 70,000 passengers per day. Of these,14,000 passengers arrived on trains travelling from Expo Line stations west of Columbia Station, in 2009, it was estimated that ridership had grown to at least 80,000 passengers per day. Construction of the Evergreen Extension to the Millennium Line was completed in 2016, major work began in 2013 and it was opened for revenue service on December 2,2016. At one point prior to 2008, the mode planned for the extension was changed to light rail instead of SkyTrain, as a result, the junction tracks and roughed-in third platform at Lougheed Town Centre station were used as part of the Evergreen Extension. The Millennium Line operates from VCC–Clark station in Vancouver to Lafarge Lake–Douglas station in Coquitlam, the line is elevated to Burquitlam station, where it then goes through a 2 km bored tunnel to the city of Port Moody. In Port Moody, the runs at grade level, rising to cross railway tracks. From Coquitlam Central station, the line is elevated to the terminus at Lafarge Lake–Douglas station, in the Lougheed area of Burnaby, eastbound trains cross the westbound tracks to access the north platform at Lougheed Town Centre station
25.
Nanaimo station
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Nanaimo station of the SkyTrain system is an elevated railway station located on the Expo Line in East Vancouver. The station is accessible from the east side of Nanaimo Street at Vanness Avenue and it is located on the crest of a hill, providing all riders a wonderful view of Downtown and the west side of Vancouver. Just east of station, the Skytrain line runs at grade level. Most of the Skytrain line through the three stations is located at ground level. The Nanaimo station was built in 1985 as part of the original Expo Line, the station takes its name from the street it is on, which in turn, is named after the city of Nanaimo, British Columbia, located on Vancouver Island. Bus bay assignments,1 - Unloading 2 -25 Brentwood Station 3 -25 UBC4 -7 Dunbar
26.
29th Avenue station
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29th Avenue station is located on an at-grade portion of the Expo Line, a part of Metro Vancouvers SkyTrain rapid transit system. The station is on 29th Avenue at Atlin Street, adjacent to Slocan Park, in the area of Vancouver known as Renfrew Heights, all of the Skytrain line through this community is located at ground level. The station was built in 1985 as part of the original Expo Line, john Norquay Elementary School is located nearby
27.
Metrotown station
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Metrotown is an elevated SkyTrain station on the Expo Line in the Metrotown area of Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. It is the second-busiest station in the SkyTrain system, the station is located on the south side of Central Boulevard, east of Willingdon Avenue. Metrotown station was built and opened in December 1985 as part of the original Expo Line of SkyTrain, the overhead walkway leading to Metropolis at Metrotown was added to the station in 1989 with the opening of the shopping centres. Originally, the bus loop was open-air and connected to the station via a street crossing. The station was designed as a suburban station serving residential neighbourhoods. It experienced a traffic increase since the opening of nearby shopping centres. TransLink has established formal plans to retrofit and redesign the station to improve passenger flow, the closure has led to criticism and extra travel time for many passengers. The new central stationhouse was opened to the public on March 24,2017, Metrotown is a major connection point for the TransLink bus routes in southern Vancouver and Burnaby. The station is right across Central Boulevard from a bus loop and Metropolis at Metrotown, the Crystal Mall and many other retail developments are nearby on Kingsway, one block north of the station. The Burnaby Public Library Bob Pritte Metrotown Branch is also two away from the station in Burnaby Civic Square. Burnaby Civic Square, Kinnee, Maywood Park & Bonsor Park are located two blocks away from the station, Bonsor Recreation Complex is a community centre located in Bonsor Park. An ATM is available on the level of the station. East Entrance is located on the BC Parkway, north of Beresford Street and it can be found at the far east end of the platform. There is no elevator for this entrance, and no escalator is available between street and concourse level, the entrance is in close proximity to Bay 9 of the Metrotown transit exchange for connections to south Burnaby community shuttle services. East Entrance Mall Access connects bus loop, Metropolis at Metrotown, the overpass also contains a stair access to the north side of Central Boulevard. West Entrance is an access at the south side of Central Boulevard. The elevator connects street level directly with platform bypassing the concourse level, ticket vending machines and validators can be found at street level. This entrance provides connection to HandyDart service, Metrotown provides a partial off-street transit exchange on Beresford Street, and in front of the ground-level entrance to Metropolis shopping centre
28.
22nd Street station (SkyTrain)
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22nd Street station is located on an elevated portion of the SkyTrain rapid transit system serving Metro Vancouver. The station opened in 1985 as part of the original Expo Line, the station is located on 7th Ave between 21 St and 22 St in the western end of New Westminster, an area of low-density residential neighbourhoods. As the station is located on a hill above the Queensborough interchange, it has expansive view of Fraser River, skyTrains operation and maintenance centre is located northwest of this station. 22nd Street bus loop is the terminus for a number of regional bus routes serving Vancouver, Surrey, North Delta, Richmond. Local connections to Queensborough Landing and Uptown New Westminster is also available at this station, the station serves as the starting point of early morning Millennium trains toward VCC–Clark station. 22nd Street station is served by an entrance facing west. The entrance, along with the bus loop that surrounds the house, is at a level slightly below 7th Avenue. An up escalator is provided for the platform only, passengers accessing the eastbound platform must climb up a full flight of stairs. 22nd Street Station offers a transit exchange with on-street stops for HandyDart. Bus bay assignment is as follows, Media related to 22nd Street Station at Wikimedia Commons
29.
New Westminster station
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The station opened in 1985 as part of the original Expo Line and was the original eastern terminus of the Skytrain system prior to the completion of Columbia Station in 1989. New Westminster still serves as a terminus for the Expo Line towards closing hours of revenue service. During the stations period as terminus station, a platform had been built over the westbound guideway with trains thus arriving and departing on the eastbound track. At its inception, New Westminster served as the transfer point for bus services toward Port Moody, Coquitlam. After the completion of Millennium Line, this function has been replaced by Braid, in 2016, a major mixed-use development called Plaza 88 began construction. The development includes at least 4 high rises, the first three of which are 33,35 and 37 stories, the 37 floor tower will be the tallest in the city. New Westminster connects to bus and shuttle services to Quayside. The station is the terminus for some trips of Millennium trains from VCC–Clark. The station houses the New Westminster Smoke Shoppe, a convenience store that opened with the opening of SkyTrains formal revenue service in 1986. New Westminster Quay and River Market is one block south of the station, a pedestrian overpass across the railway track connects the station area with the quay. A shopping centre along with a 10-screens Landmark Cinemas theatre from the Plaza 88 mall connects directly with the station, 8th Street Entrance is the east entrance of the station, located on 8th Street between Columbia Street and Carnarvon Street. Of the two entrances to the station, the 8th Street entrance has the higher pedestrian activity, bicycle racks are available at this entrance. Temporary connections to the New Westminster community shuttles are provided at Bay 6 and 7 near this entrance, mcNeely Street Entrance served the original off-street bus loop and the current temporary on-street temporary transit exchange for conventional buses on Carnarvon Street. It is located on the west end of the station and connected to the 8th Avenue entrance at concourse level, Quayside Drive Entrance was opened in December 2011 as part of the Plaza 88 development. This entrance offers a connection between the level of the station and the Quayside overpass through Plaza 88 mall. The bus loop for New Westminster station is located under Plaza 88 between Carnarvon Street and Columbia Street, west of 8th Street, bus bay assignments of the exchange are as follows
30.
Columbia station
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Columbia station is located in the short underground section of the Expo Line in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada. Columbia station is located near the corner of 4th Street and Carnarvon Street in New Westminster, the station was built horizontally on a slope, so that the inbound platform in the north is underground while the outbound platform in the south is predominantly at grade. The track at both ends of the station dips underground below Clarkson Street, Columbia station was built between 1988 and 1989, and served as the system’s temporary terminus until it was extended to Scott Road the following year, following the completion of the Skybridge. During planning and construction, it was known as 4th Street station, originally, the station served as a secondary transfer point for regional buses from Port Moody, Coquitlam, and Port Coquitlam. Currently, the station only to local bus and shuttle routes servicing the New Westminster area. On October 22,2016, the original Millennium Line service from Waterfront to VCC–Clark via Columbia was replaced by a new Expo Line branch with service from Waterfront to Production Way–University, the station was not planned to be a major transfer point during construction. Cross-platform transfer is not possible as the station is side-platformed, a second up-escalator is proposed for the outbound platform as part of the Expo Line upgrade. Columbia Street Entrance connects the west side of the station with Columbia Street, half level above, an elevator is provided by the mall for station access. An up escalator is provided between the street level and the platform for inbound only. Passengers accessing the platform must climb up a full flight of 36 stairs. The entrance is located at the end of the lower street level. Fourth Street Entrance is located at the east side of the station, unlike the other two entrances, the entrance from 4th Street is located above the platform level. Neither elevator nor escalator is provided for this entrance, transit connection to uptown New Westminster is available on the opposite side of 4th Street, C3 Victoria Hill C4 Uptown
31.
Scott Road station
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Scott Road station is located on an elevated portion of the Expo Line, a part of Vancouver, British Columbias SkyTrain rapid transit system. The station itself is in northern Surrey, the Scott Road station is located at the interchange between the King George Highway and Scott Road, at the south end of the Pattullo Bridge, connecting Surrey and New Westminster. The Scott Road station was built in 1990 as the terminus of the first extension of the Expo Line, the station itself is located in an industrial district, but it is also one of the most important transfer points for TransLink passengers. Unlike most stations, which rely on passengers arriving by foot or by bus, current daily charge is CAD $3.00. This station received a new elevator, accessibility improvements, new bus loop, the Scott Road station is a major connection point for the TransLink bus routes that service Surrey, North Delta, and Ladner
32.
Surrey Central station
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Surrey Central station is located on an elevated portion of the Expo Line, a part of Metro Vancouvers SkyTrain rapid transit system. Surrey Central is the busiest of the four located within Surrey. Surrey Central station was one of three new stations opened on March 28,1994 when the Expo Line was extended into downtown Surrey, the name Surrey Central was given after an ad was placed in the local paper calling on residents to propose an appropriate name. Winners received a City of Surrey mug, a letter of thanks, previous to the SkyTrain expansion, Surrey Central was a bus loop known as Whalley Exchange as the immediate area is historically known as Whalley. Over the years, the area has earned a reputation for being unsafe, Surrey RCMP also make occasional patrols of the station. The Transit Villages are defined by TransLink as a new approach to station design, while the original schedule called for construction to be completed by Spring of 2007, nothing beyond design plans have been completed. The Surrey Central plan specifically called for improvements in four areas, station access, street design, King George Boulevard, and land use
33.
96 B-Line
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The 96 B-Line is an express bus line with bus rapid transit elements in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It connects three of the six centres in Surrey -- Guildford, Whalley/City Centre, and Newton. The line opened for service on September 2,2013, and is operated by Coast Mountain Bus Company, departing from Guildford Exchange, the 96 B-Line travels west along 104 Avenue towards Surrey Central Station and King George Station. It then continues south along King George Boulevard towards Newton Exchange
34.
King George station
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King George station is located on an elevated portion of the Expo Line, a part of Metro Vancouvers SkyTrain rapid transit system. The station itself is in Surrey and is the current eastbound terminus of the Expo Line, King George station is located in Surrey City Centre at the corner of King George Boulevard and 100th Ave, just north of the western terminus of the Fraser Highway. On the south side of the station used to be a large 815 space parking lot operated by Impark. The station has recently spurred a series of nearby mixed-use developments. The most recent proposed development to the south of the station has taken half of the park, King George station was built in 1994 as part of the second extension of the Expo Line into Surrey, the other stations included on this extension were Gateway and Surrey Central. In contrast to Surrey Central, the King George station is less busy, since opening in 1994, it has been the eastern terminus of the Expo Line. King George station is a connection point for the TransLink bus routes in Surrey, Langley
35.
Sapperton station
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Sapperton Station is located on an elevated portion of the Expo Line, a part of Metro Vancouvers SkyTrain rapid transit system. The station is located in eastern New Westminster and it is anticipated it will serve the redevelopment of the nearby Labatt Brewery site and it was constructed as part of the original Millennium Line project and opened in 2002. Sapperton station is located along Brunette Avenue in the Sapperton area of New Westminster, above a Canadian Pacific right-of-way and it is connected to ground level by a walkway over Brunette Avenue that exits on Keary Street, across from the Royal Columbian Hospital. The station was built in 2002 as part of the Millennium Line, before the Millennium Line was complete, a short spur from Columbia station was opened in eastern New Westminster as a test track, this spur included the stations of Sapperton and Braid. Sapperton, like all stations constructed as part of the original Millennium Line, has a unique design, the elevated station contains a mezzanine level connected to the platform level by stairs, escalators and elevators. There are two platforms, separated by an artwork wheel. There had previously been a bike on the mezzanine level which would rotate the artwork wheel when ridden but was removed after it was vandalized. This station provides access to Royal Columbian Hospital, one of the oldest and busiest health care institution in British Columbia. Media related to Sapperton Station at Wikimedia Commons
36.
Braid station
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Braid is an elevated station of the Expo Line, a part of Metro Vancouvers SkyTrain rapid transit system. The station is located in eastern New Westminster, near the Coquitlam border, the station was constructed as part of the original Millennium Line project and opened in 2002. Braid station is located at the northwest corner of Brunette Avenue and Braid Street, the station was built in 2002 as part of the Millennium Line. In October 2016, Millennium Line service to Braid has ended, each station along the original Millennium Line route features a unique design, and Braid is no different. Artwork at Braid features wooden timbers inside the platform level, on October 22,2016, SkyTrain service was reconfigured in anticipation of the opening of the Evergreen Extension. As a result, the Millennium Line no longer serves Braid, instead, it is served by a branch of the Expo Line that travels from Waterfront to Production Way-University via Columbia. This station is a transfer point for TransLink bus routes serving the northeast sector of the Metro Vancouver. There is a store located at the ground level to serve riders. However, as of October 5,2015, no fare is required in switching from bus to SkyTrain. Media related to Braid Station at Wikimedia Commons
37.
Lougheed Town Centre station
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Lougheed Town Centre is a station on the SkyTrain rapid transit system in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and was constructed as part of the Millennium Line. It is currently one of three stations where transfer between the Expo Line and the Millennium Line is possible, the other two points of transfer are Commercial–Broadway and Production Way–University. A large Korean neighbourhood, referred to colloquially as Korea Town, the station is served by a bus loop, and was the terminus for the 97 B-Line, which connected to Coquitlam Central. On October 22,2016, Expo Line service commenced at the station, an unfinished third platform had been roughed in on the east side of the station during its construction, in anticipation of a future connection for a SkyTrain extension to the Coquitlam. However, the government announced new plans for the line in 2008, including the use of SkyTrain or similar technology. This will allow Millennium Line trains to run seamlessly between VCC–Clark and Lafarge Lake–Douglas station, construction began in mid-2012, and on December 2,2016, the Evergreen Extension opened. In preparation for the Evergreen Extension, on October 22,2016, Gatineau Place/Bus Loop Entrance is located on the east end of the station, connecting the platform with bus loop at street level with elevators and both up and down escalators. Retail shops are available at this entrance, bus and HandyDart drop-off areas are located on Gatineau Place, in front of the station plaza. See Lougheed Town Centre Station#Transit exchange for a list of bus connections. Austin Avenue Entrance is located on the west end of the station platform, an elevator linking the street, concourse, and platform levels, however, there is no escalator between street and concourse level. Pepsi vending machines are available at concourse level, the walkway is mostly weather protected, with the exception of few pedestrian crossings. Lougheed Town Centre station provides a transit exchange in between Gatineau Place and Lougheed Highway. The station is close to the boundary of Burnaby and Coquitlam, bus bay assignments are as follows, Media related to Lougheed Town Centre Station at Wikimedia Commons
