1.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
2.
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is a professional honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academys corporate management and general policies are overseen by a Board of Governors, the roster of the Academys approximately 6,000 motion picture professionals is a closely guarded secret. While the great majority of its members are based in the United States, the Academy is known around the world for its annual Academy Awards, now officially known as The Oscars. The Academy plans to open the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles in 2017, the notion of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences began with Louis B. He said he wanted to create an organization that would mediate labor disputes without unions and he met with actor Conrad Nagel, director Fred Niblo, and the head of the Association of Motion Picture Producers, Fred Beetsonto to discuss these matters. The idea of this elite club having a banquet was discussed. They also established that membership into the organization would only be open to people involved in one of the five branches of the industry, actors, directors, writers, technicians, and producers. That evening Mayer presented to those guests what he called the International Academy of Motion Picture Arts, everyone in the room that evening became a founder of the Academy. Several organizational meetings were held prior to the first official meeting held on May 6,1927 and their first organizational meeting was held on May 11. At that meeting Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. was elected as the first president of the Academy, while Fred Niblo was the first vice-president and that night, the Academy also bestowed its first honorary membership, to Thomas Edison. Initially, the Academy was broken down into five groups, or branches. The original five were, Producers, Actors, Directors, Writers, the initial concerns of the group had to do with labor. However, as went on, the organization moved further away from involvement in labor-management arbitrations and negotiations. By July 1928 the board of directors had approved a list of 12 awards to be presented, during July the voting system for the Awards was established, and the nomination and selection process began. This award of merit for distinctive achievement is what we know now as the Academy Award, the initial location of the organization was 6912 Hollywood Boulevard. In May 1928, the Academy authorized the construction of a state of the art screening room, the screening room was not completed until April 1929. With the publication of Report on Incandescent Illumination in 1928, the Academy began a history of publishing books to assist its members. Another early initiative concerned training Army Signal Corps officers, in 1929 Academy members in a joint venture with the University of Southern California created Americas first film school to further the art and science of moving pictures
3.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
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Sound design
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Sound design is the process of specifying, acquiring, manipulating or generating audio elements. Sound design most commonly involves the manipulation of previously composed or recorded audio, such as sound effects, in some instances it may also involve the composition or manipulation of audio to create a desired effect or mood. A sound designer is one who practices the art of sound design, the use of sound to evoke emotion, reflect mood and underscore actions in plays and dances began in prehistoric times. At its earliest, it was used in religious practices for healing or recreation, in ancient Japan, theatrical events called kagura were performed in Shinto shrines with music and dance. Plays were performed in times in a form of theatre called Commedia dellarte. The use of music and sound in the Elizabethan Theatre followed, in music and sound effects were produced off stage using devices such as bells, whistles. Cues would be written in the script for music and sound effects to be played at the appropriate time, italian composer Luigi Russolo built mechanical sound-making devices, called intonarumori, for futurist theatrical and music performances starting around 1913. These devices were meant to simulate natural and man-made sounds, such as trains, russolos treatise, The Art of Noises, is one of the earliest written documents on the use of abstract noise in the theatre. After his death, his intonarumori were used in more conventional theatre performances to create sound effects. Possibly the first use of recorded sound in the theatre was a phonograph playing a baby’s cry in a London theatre in 1890, sixteen years later, Herbert Beerbohm Tree used recordings in his London production of Stephen Phillips’ tragedy NERO. The article states, “these sounds are all realistically reproduced by the gramophone”, as cited by Bertolt Brecht, there was a play about Rasputin written in by Alexej Tolstoi and directed by Erwin Piscator that included a recording of Lenins voice. A great deal of care and attention was paid to the construction and performance of these effects, but even though the sound designer has basically assumed these roles, time and technology have not ruled out non-sound designers having a hand in sound production. It was subsequently provided to both the ADC and David Goodman at the Florida USA local when they were planning to represent sound designers in the 1990s. MIDI and digital audio technology helped to drive the evolution of sound design during the 1980s and 1990s. These features were incorporated into the MIDI Show Control specification, a communications protocol used to interact with diverse devices. The first show to utilize the MSC specification was the Magic Kingdom Parade at Walt Disney Worlds Magic Kingdom in September,1991. Also, the World Wide Web has greatly enhanced the ability of designers to acquire source material quickly, easily and cheaply. In addition, software innovation has enabled sound designers to take more of a DIY approach
5.
Sound effect
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In motion picture and television production, a sound effect is a sound recorded and presented to make a specific storytelling or creative point without the use of dialogue or music. The term often refers to a process applied to a recording, in professional motion picture and television production, dialogue, music, and sound effects recordings are treated as separate elements. Dialogue and music recordings are never referred to as sound effects, even though the processes applied to such as reverberation or flanging effects, the term sound effect ranges back to the early days of radio. In its Year Book 1931 the BBC published an article about The Use of Sound Effects. It considers sounds effect deeply linked with broadcasting and states, It would be a mistake to think of them as anologous to punctuation marks. They should never be inserted into an already existing. The author of a broadcast play or broadcast construction ought to have used Sound Effects as bricks with which to build, treating them as of value with speech. If it fails to do so its presence could not be justified, the sound of people talking in the background is also considered a BG, but only if the speaker is unintelligible and the language is unrecognizable. These background noises are also called ambience or atmos, Foley sound effects are sounds that synchronize on screen, and require the expertise of a foley artist to record properly. Footsteps, the movement of hand props, and the rustling of cloth are common foley units, design sound effects are sounds that do not normally occur in nature, or are impossible to record in nature. These sounds are used to suggest futuristic technology in a fiction film. Each of these sound effect categories is specialized, with sound editors known as specialists in an area of sound effects, Foley is another method of adding sound effects. With this technique the action onscreen is essentially recreated to try to match it as closely as possible, if done correctly it is very hard for audiences to tell what sounds were added and what sounds were originally recorded. In the early days of film and radio, foley artists would add sounds in realtime or pre-recorded sound effects would be played back from analogue discs in realtime. Today, with effects held in digital format, it is easy to any required sequence to be played in any desired timeline. In the days of silent film, sound effects were added by the operator of an organ or photoplayer. Theater organ sound effects are usually electric or electro-pneumatic, and activated by a button pressed with the hand or foot, photoplayer operators activate sound effects either by flipping switches on the machine or pulling cow-tail pull-strings, which hang above. Sounds like bells and drums are made mechanically, sirens and horns electronically, due to its smaller size, a photoplayer usually has less special effects than a theater organ, or less complex ones
6.
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World
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The ensemble comedy premiered on November 7,1963. The cast features Edie Adams, Milton Berle, Sid Caesar, Buddy Hackett, Ethel Merman, Mickey Rooney, Phil Silvers, Terry-Thomas, and Jonathan Winters. The film marked the first time that Kramer had directed a comedy and he is best known for producing and directing drama films about social problems, such as The Defiant Ones, Inherit the Wind, Judgment at Nuremberg, and Guess Whos Coming to Dinner. Despite this, the film suffered severe cuts by its distributor United Artists in order to give the film a running time for its general release. The footage was excised against Kramers wishes, the lost footage seriously deteriorated through the decades and was once thought impossible to restore. It was released in a 5-disc Dual Format Blu-ray/DVD Combo Pack on January 21,2014 and its a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World featured at #40 in the American Film Institutes list 100 Years.100 Laughs. Unbeknownst to them all, Captain T. G, Culpeper, Chief of Detectives of the Santa Rosita Police Department, has been patiently working on the Smiler Grogan case for years, hoping to someday solve it and retire. When he learns of the crash, he suspects that Grogan may have tipped off the passersby. His suspicions are confirmed by their behavior, everyone experiences multiple setbacks on their way to the money. Crump and his wife Monica charter an old WWI-era Jenny biplane and eventually make it to Santa Rosita and they eventually free themselves with dynamite. Bell and Benjamin charter a plane, but when their wealthy alcoholic pilot knocks himself out drunk. Finch, his wife Emmeline, and his loud and obnoxious mother-in-law, the three flag down British Army Officer Lt. Col. J. Algernon Hawthorne in his 1951 Willys station wagon and convince him to drive them to Santa Rosita. After many arguments, most caused by Mrs. Marcus, she and Emmeline refuse to go any farther, an enraged Pike catches up with Meyer at a gas station and assaults him as the gas station owners try to stop him. Meyer escapes in his car while Pike literally destroys the gas station and he then steals the stations Dodge M37 tow truck and takes off after Meyer. Pike meets up with Mrs. Marcus and Emmeline and picks them up, while in a town called Plaster City, Mrs. Meyer experiences his own setbacks, including sinking his car while trying to cross the Kern River and nearly drowning. He manages to steal a blue 1956 Ford Sunliner belonging to a passing motorist by telling him hes with the CIA, all the while, Culpeper and the police department observe their activities from afar. Around this time, two taxi drivers get in on the chase in their 1959 Plymouth Yellow Cabs, eventually all the characters arrive at Santa Rosita State Park at the same time and search for the big W. Pike finds it next and informs everyone else. Culpeper, who saw Emmelines discovery, orders all policemen to leave the area, after everyone digs up the money, Culpeper identifies himself and talks them into turning themselves in, promising a jury will be more lenient
7.
A Gathering of Eagles
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A Gathering of Eagles is a 1963 Eastmancolor film about the U. S. Air Force during the Cold War and the pressures of command. The film was directed by Delbert Mann, Rock Hudson plays a United States Air Force officer, Colonel Jim Caldwell, a Strategic Air Command B-52 wing commander. He must shape up his wing and men to pass a grueling operational readiness inspection that the commander had failed. The film also stars Rod Taylor, Mary Peach, Barry Sullivan, Kevin McCarthy, Henry Silva, Robert Lansing, Leif Erickson, and Richard Anderson. Accompanied by a 30-man inspection team, he demands that the Air Police take him directly to the command post. As the inspection continues, General Kirby receives a report from a member of his team. With this in hand, he calls General Hewitt, the general of SAC at his Omaha headquarters and soberly informs him, It doesnt look too good so far. Colonel Caldwell reports to his bosss office, and General Hewitt coolly informs him that the commander at Carmody didnt have what it takes. Hewitt offers the job to Caldwell, who enthusiastically accepts, to Caldwell, this is a highly enviable career move, one made more auspicious when he discovers that his good friend and Korean War buddy, Colonel Hollis Farr, is the vice wing commander. Barely able to conceal his excitement, he telephones his English wife, Victoria, soon after he arrives at Carmody in a T-33, Caldwell notes a number of problems in the wing that indicate a low state of training and readiness. This includes the base commander, Colonel Bill Fowler, who, as Caldwell soon learns, eventually, Caldwell forces Fowler to retire early, and tells him straight-out that his drinking is the cause. Farr protests that Caldwell is going out on a limb, to which Caldwell replies with a rhetorical question. Caldwells harsh policies soon alienate even Victoria, who has befriended Fowlers wife, eventually, morale at the upper echelons goes from bad to worse. First, Bill Fowler shoots himself, under circumstances that could be accidental and he says, I inherited the most popular wing vice commander in SAC—but one who will not assume responsibility. Suspecting another ORI, Caldwell orders the officer to notify the staff at once. Caldwell cannot return to base fast enough, however, and Farr must assume command in his absence, after another B-52 must abort its mission, General Kirbys score of that mission will make the difference between passing and failing. Kirby confronts Farr about the decision, and Caldwell immediately defends it, but Kirby, a former wing commander himself, surprises both by saying that he, too, would have done the same, and that he will not score the mission as an abort. Tellingly, he smiles at Caldwell as he says this
8.
37th Academy Awards
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The 37th Academy Awards honored film achievements of 1964. For the first time, an award was presented in the field of makeup, none of the four acting awards went to American actors, something not repeated until the 80th Academy Awards were awarded for 2007. The Best Picture winner of 1964, director George Cukors My Fair Lady, was about the training of a rough-speaking flower girl into a lady. The musical had run for years on the stage. Audrey Hepburn, the lead of the film, was controversially not nominated for Best Actress. The producer of the ceremony was MGM film producer Joe Pasternak, the master of ceremonies was Bob Hope making it his 14th time hosting the show. This year marked the time in Oscar history where 3 films got 12 or more nominations. Becket and My Fair Lady both with 12 nominations and Mary Poppins with 13 and this marked the first year since the inception of the Supporting Actor and Actress categories wherein the acting Oscars were all won by non-American actors. This feat would later be repeated at the 80th Academy Awards ceremony in 2008. Winners are listed first and highlighted with boldface William Tuttle The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, 22nd Golden Globe Awards 1964 in film 7th Grammy Awards 16th Primetime Emmy Awards 17th Primetime Emmy Awards 18th British Academy Film Awards 19th Tony Awards
9.
Goldfinger (film)
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Goldfinger is a British spy film, the third in the James Bond series and the third to star Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It is based on the novel of the name by Ian Fleming. The film also stars Honor Blackman as Bond girl Pussy Galore and Gert Fröbe as the title character Auric Goldfinger, Goldfinger was produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman and was the first of four Bond films directed by Guy Hamilton. The films plot has Bond investigating gold smuggling by gold magnate Auric Goldfinger, Goldfinger was the first Bond blockbuster, with a budget equal to that of the two preceding films combined. Principal photography took place from January to July 1964 in the United Kingdom, Switzerland, the release of the film led to a number of promotional licensed tie-in items, including a toy Aston Martin DB5 car from Corgi Toys which became the biggest selling toy of 1964. The promotion also included an image of gold-painted Shirley Eaton as Jill Masterson on the cover of Life, Goldfinger was the first Bond film to win an Academy Award and opened to largely favourable critical reception. The film was a success, recouping its budget in two weeks, and is hailed as the Bond canons quintessential episode. After destroying a drug laboratory in Latin America, James Bond—Agent 007—travels to Miami Beach to receive instructions from his superior, M and he is to observe bullion dealer Auric Goldfinger at the hotel there. Bond sees Goldfinger cheating at gin rummy and stops him by distracting his employee, Jill Masterson, after Bond and Jill consummate their new relationship, Bond is knocked out by Goldfingers Korean manservant, the hulking giant Oddjob. When Bond awakens, he finds Jill dead, covered in gold paint, in London, Bond learns his objective is determining how Goldfinger smuggles gold internationally. The chancellor of the exchequer and M explain that prices vary across the world. Bond arranges to meet Goldfinger socially at his club in Kent. Bond follows him to Switzerland, where Tilly, Jills sister, Bond sneaks into Goldfingers plant and discovers Goldfinger smuggles gold by melting it down and incorporating it into the bodywork of his car, which he takes with him whenever he travels. Bond also overhears Goldfinger talking to Chinese agent Mr. Ling about Operation Grand Slam, leaving, Bond encounters Tilly as she tries to kill Goldfinger again, but trips an alarm in the process, Oddjob kills Tilly with his hat. Captured, Bond is tied to a cutting table underneath an industrial laser, Bond lies to Goldfinger that MI6 knows about Grand Slam, causing Goldfinger to spare Bonds life to mislead MI6 into believing Bond has things in hand. Bond is transported by Goldfingers private jet, piloted by Pussy Galore, to his farm near Fort Knox. Bond escapes and witnesses Goldfingers meeting with US mafiosi, who have brought the materials he needs for Operation Grand Slam. Although they are each promised $1 million, Goldfinger tempts them that they could have the million today, or $10 million tomorrow and he then kills them using some of the neurotoxin he plans to release over Fort Knox
10.
The Lively Set
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The Lively Set is a 1964 American film directed by Jack Arnold. It stars James Darren, Pamela Tiffin and Doug McClure, Casey Owens, a young mechanic, has developed a design for a turbine car engine, paving the way for a jet-powered auto certain to set a new land speed record. Wealthy playboy Stanford Rogers hires Casey to build the car for him to race in the Tri-State Endurance Run, Chuck Manning, an engineering student Casey met in a drag race, discovers potential flaws in the cars design. After an unsuccessful test run, Rogers abandons the car for a traditional racing model. Pamela Tiffin plays Eadie, Chucks sister who becomes Caseys love interest, the turbine car used in the film is the famous 1963 Chrysler Ghia Turbine Car developed by George Huebner and his team. The Chrysler Turbine Car is mentioned in the credit of the film. James Darren as Casey Pamela Tiffin as Eadie Doug McClure as Chuck Joanie Summers as Doreen Marilyn Maxwell as Marge Was nominated at the 37th Academy Awards for Best Sound Editing, the Lively Set at the Internet Movie Database
11.
The Great Race
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The supporting cast includes Peter Falk, Keenan Wynn, Arthur OConnell and Vivian Vance. The movie cost US$12 million, making it the most expensive film at the time. It is noted for one scene that was promoted as the greatest pie fight ever, the Great Leslie and Professor Fate are competing daredevils at the turn of the 20th century. Leslie is the classic hero – always dressed in white, handsome, ever-courteous, enormously talented, Leslie proposes an automobile race from New York to Paris and offers the Webber Motor Car Company the opportunity to build an automobile to make the journey. They design and build a new car named The Leslie Special, Fate builds his own race vehicle, the Hannibal Twin-8, complete with hidden devices of sabotage. Others cars enter in the race, including New York Citys most prominent newspaper, driving the newspapers car is beautiful photojournalist Maggie DuBois, a vocal suffragette. The seven-car race begins, but Fates long-suffering sidekick Maximilian Meen has sabotaged four other cars, the surviving teams are Leslie with his loyal mechanic Hezekiah Sturdy, Maggie DuBois driving a Stanley Steamer by herself, and Fate and Max. The newspapers car breaks down and Maggie accepts a lift in the Leslie Special, Fate arrives first at a refueling point, the small Western frontier town of Boracho. A local outlaw named Texas Jack becomes jealous of the attraction to Leslie shown by showgirl Lily Olay, Fate sneaks outside amidst the chaos, steals the fuel he needs, and destroys the rest. The two remaining cars reach the Bering Strait and park side-by-side in a blinding snowstorm, keeping warm during the storm, Leslie and Maggie begin to see each other as more than competitors. Mishaps, including a bear in Fates car, compel all four racers to warm themselves in Leslies car. They awaken on an ice floe which drifts into their intended Russian port, where Hezekiah is waiting for Leslie. Maggie is snatched by Fate, who drives off in the lead, after driving across Asia, both cars enter the tiny kingdom of Pottsdorf, whose alcoholic and foppish Crown Prince Hapnick is a double for Fate. Rebels under the leadership of Baron Rolfe von Stuppe and General Kuhster kidnap the Prince, Fate, Max, Max escapes and joins Leslie to rescue the others. Fate is forced to masquerade as the Prince during the coronation so that the rebels can gain control of the kingdom, Leslie and Max overcome Von Stuppes henchmen and confront Von Stuppe. Following a climactic duel with Leslie, Von Stuppe attempts escape by leaping to a waiting boat. Leslie and Max return the real Prince in time for his coronation and depart with Fate, Fate takes refuge in a bakery but falls into a huge cake. A pie fight ensues involving the racers, the Princes men, as the racers leave Pottsdorf, it becomes a straight road race to Paris
12.
Von Ryan's Express
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It stars Frank Sinatra and Trevor Howard, and is based on the novel by David Westheimer. It was directed by Mark Robson, the film changes several aspects of the novel, most notably the ending, which is considerably more upbeat in the book. It became one of Frank Sinatras most successful films, Colonel Joseph Ryan is a USAAC pilot who is shot down over Italy. He is taken to a POW camp, run by the cruel Major Basilio Battaglia, Ryan insists that Battaglia salute him as a superior officer, which is reluctantly translated by the sympathetic second-in-command, Captain Vittorio Oriani. The camp is mainly populated by British prisoners, the previous Allied commanding officer, who was British, has recently died, due to being placed in the sweat box as punishment for hitting Battaglia with a stick. When Ryan arrives in camp, Major Eric Fincham is the senior British officer, Ryan, aware that the Allies are close to liberating Italy, reveals several of the prisoners escape attempts, infuriating Fincham and the British soldiers. When Battaglia refuses to improve conditions, Ryan orders the prisoners to strip and burn their filthy clothes. Battaglia throws Ryan into the box as punishment. After hearing of the Italian surrender, the guards flee, the British promptly put Battaglia on trial as a war criminal, and allow Oriani to defend him. Battaglia portrays himself as a man who has repudiated fascism. Ryan orders him to not be executed, but instead, to be put in the sweat box, the men head out across the Italian countryside to freedom. Oriani moves forward in an attempt to contact Allied forces, in the morning, the Germans recapture the prisoners. Fincham thinks Oriani has betrayed them, when the POWs are put on a train, they find a severely battered Oriani in the prisoner carriage. The Germans shoot all the sick prisoners, Fincham blames Ryan for letting Battaglia live. The train travels to Rome, where a German officer, Major von Klemment, Ryan uses a metal bar to pry up the floorboards of the car. Ryan and Fincham capture von Klemment and his mistress, Gabriella, as the train moves out, another train follows. Von Klemment reveals that the train is carrying German troops and is on the same schedule. Further, von Klemment is to receive orders at each railway station, a German-speaking Allied chaplain, Captain Costanzo, is enlisted to impersonate the German commander to ensure their passage through the next station in Florence
13.
39th Academy Awards
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The 39th Academy Awards, honoring the best in film for 1966, were held on April 10,1967 at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in Santa Monica, California. They were hosted by Bob Hope, both were adaptations of stage dramas. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger, however, the dispute was settled three hours before the ceremony was scheduled to begin. Bob Hopes opening monologue makes many references to this, and he claims that as late as 30 minutes before broadcast it was whether the telecast would go on. Vanessa Redgrave and Lynn Redgrave were both nominated for Best Actress and this was the first time in 25 years that two sisters were nominated in that category. This was the time in the history of the Academy Awards that all Best Actress nominees were born outside of the United States. Patricia Neal, making her first Hollywood appearance since a stroke of two years before, received a standing ovation from the audience. Californias governor, Ronald Reagan, was among the guests in the audience and he was a longtime Academy member and supporter. Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolfs 13 nominations constitute the first and, as of 2012 and it is also the first instance of a film receiving an acting nomination for every credited cast member. Mitzi Gaynors performance of the song Georgy Girl is often cited as being one of the most heralded performances on an Oscar broadcast, the following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers
14.
Grand Prix (1966 film)
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Grand Prix is a 1966 American drama film about motorsports featuring an international ensemble cast. The picture was directed by John Frankenheimer with music by Maurice Jarre and stars James Garner, Eva Marie Saint, Yves Montand, Brian Bedford, Jessica Walter, toshiro Mifune has a supporting role as a race team owner, inspired by Soichiro Honda. The picture was photographed in Super Panavision 70 by Lionel Lindon and its unique racing cinematography – in part credited to Saul Bass – is one of the main draws of the film. The film includes real-life racing footage and cameo appearances by drivers including Formula One World Champions Phil Hill, Graham Hill, Juan Manuel Fangio, Jim Clark, Jochen Rindt and Jack Brabham. Other drivers who appeared in the film include Dan Gurney, Richie Ginther, Joakim Bonnier, Bruce McLaren, One of the ten highest grossing films of 1966, Grand Prix won three Academy Awards for its technical achievements. The film was released on DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc in May 2011, pete Aron – An American attempting to repeat past successes and overcome his reputation as a reckless, second-tier driver, he signs with the newcomer Yamura Motors. Nino Barlini – A charismatic yet arrogant Italian racer, hes Ferraris No.2 driver, being a promising rookie, subplots in the film revolve around the women who try to live with or love the racers with dangerous lifestyles. The married Sarti begins an affair with an American magazine writer, Louise Frederickson, the story concludes with one last race, its winner becoming world champion. Sartis wife, Monique, shows up just before it begins, coming face-to-face with Louise, Sartis car has technical difficulties at the races start, with the other drivers facing a close contest for first. Sarti is then killed in a spectacular crash. His racing partner, Barlini, is flagged off the course by Ferraris team leader, Manetta, while a jubilant Aron magnanimously invites Stoddard to the winners platform to join him, the shock of Sartis death takes its toll on the celebration. The film ends with Aron, alone, walking along the circuit of the final racetrack. Stoddard Ralph Michael as Mr. Director John Frankenheimer later said when he made the film he had the choice of making a Grand Hotel type picture or a Test Pilot type picture and he chose the former. Due to their contract with the German motorsports complex Nürburgring, Frankenheimer had to turn over 27 reels shot there to Sturges, Frankenheimer got ahead in schedule terms anyway, however, and McQueens project ran into a wide variety of problems. Said German race track was mentioned briefly in Grand Prix. McQueens racing film eventually took the title Le Mans, with it seeing a 1971 release, the filming process meant disrupting vital practice runs and otherwise getting in the way of the actual racers activities. The Grand Prix team initially faced a particularly lukewarm response from the Ferrari company and he received such a positive response that he gained unprecedented access, being allowed to shoot inside Ferraris production floor alongside the real racing vehicles. The director used this relationship to push other entities to help with the film-making process
15.
Fantastic Voyage
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Fantastic Voyage is a 1966 American science fiction film directed by Richard Fleischer and written by Harry Kleiner, based on a story by Otto Klement and Jerome Bixby. The film is about a crew who shrink to microscopic size. The original story took place in the 19th century and was meant to be a Jules Verne–style adventure with a sense of wonder, Kleiner abandoned all but the concept of miniaturization and added a Cold War element. The film starred Stephen Boyd, Raquel Welch, Edmond OBrien, Bantam Books obtained the rights for a paperback novelization based on the screenplay and approached Isaac Asimov to write it. Because the novelization was released six months before the movie, many mistakenly believed the film was based on Asimovs book. The movie inspired a television series. The scientist Dr. Jan Benes, working behind the Iron Curtain, has figured out how to make the process work indefinitely, with the help of the CIA, he escapes to the West, but an attempted assassination leaves him comatose with a blood clot in his brain. To save his life, agent Charles Grant, pilot Captain Bill Owens, Dr. Michaels, surgeon Dr. Peter Duval, the submarine, named the Proteus, is then miniaturized and injected into Benes. The ship is reduced to one micrometer, giving the one hour to remove the clot. The crew faces many obstacles during the mission, an arteriovenous fistula forces them to detour through the heart, where cardiac arrest must be induced to avoid turbulence, through the inner ear and replenish their supply of oxygen in the lungs. When the surgical laser needed to destroy the clot is damaged and they are forced to cannibalize their wireless telegraph to repair the device. By the time they reach the clot, they have only six minutes remaining to operate. Before the mission, Grant had been briefed that Duval was the suspect as a potential surgical assassin. But as the mission progresses, he pieces the evidence together, during the critical phase of the operation, Dr. Michaels knocks Owens out and takes control of the Proteus while the rest of the crew is outside for the operation. Duval successfully removes the clot with the laser, but Michaels tries to crash the sub into the area to kill Benes. Grant fires the laser at the ship, causing it to veer away, Michaels is trapped in the wreckage and killed when white blood cells attack and destroy the Proteus. Grant saves Owens from the ship and they all swim desperately to one of Beness eyes, the film fails to explain how the Proteus failed to return to normal size. The original screenplay included a scene in which it is disclosed that, because of brain damage caused by the submarine
16.
40th Academy Awards
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The 40th Academy Awards honored film achievements of 1967. The Best Picture nominees were a group of films reflecting the chaos of their era. The event was the first one since the 1948 awards show to feature clips from the Best Picture nominated films. This years nominations also marked the first time three different films were nominated for the Top Five Academy Awards, Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress. The three films were Bonnie and Clyde, The Graduate and Guess Whos Coming to Dinner, however, the winner of Best Picture was producer Walter Mirisch and director Norman Jewisons thriller/mystery film, In the Heat of the Night. The Graduate is, as of the 88th Academy Awards, the last film to win Best Director, due to an all-out push by Academy President Gregory Peck,18 of the 20 acting nominees were present at the ceremony. Only Katharine Hepburn and the late Spencer Tracy, who was nominated posthumously, were missing, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. Gregory Peck Alfred Hitchcock Arthur Freed was presented for distinguished service to the Academy, prior to the postponement, Jack Lemmon was announced as a replacement for Poitier, and Shirley Jones for Davis, but once the event was delayed, the original quartet returned. Alfred Hitchcocks acceptance speech is on record for the shortest in Academy Awards history and this was the only year in which two films received nominations in all four acting categories. Legendary film composer John Williams received his first nomination for scoring Valley of the Dolls and he would go on to receive 49 more nominations, winning 5. The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers
17.
The Dirty Dozen
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The Dirty Dozen is a 1967 American war film directed by Robert Aldrich, released by MGM, and starring Lee Marvin. The film is based on E. M. Nathansons novel of the name that was inspired by a real-life group called the Filthy Thirteen. In 2001, the American Film Institute placed the film at number 65 on their 100 Years, in Britain, in the spring of 1944, Allied forces are preparing for the D-Day invasion. Among them are Major John Reisman, an OSS officer, his commander, Regular Army Major General Sam Worden, early in the film, the personalities of the three men are shown to clash and the characters of the individualistic Reisman and the domineering Breed are established. Reisman is aided by his friend, the mild-mannered Major Max Armbruster, Major Reisman is assigned an unusual and top-secret mission, code-named Operation Amnesty. Those who survive the mission will be pardoned and returned to duty at their former ranks. However, as Reisman repeatedly tells the men, few of them will be coming back from this one, Reisman is assigned 12 convicts, all either serving lengthy sentences or awaiting execution. J. Under the supervision of Reisman and MP Sergeant Bowren, the group begins training, after being forced to construct their own living quarters, the 12 men are trained in combat by Reisman and gradually learn how to operate as a group. For parachute training, they are sent to the operated by Colonel Breed. Under strict orders to keep their secret, Reismans men run afoul of Breed and his troops, especially after Pinkley - under Reismans orders - poses as a general. Angered at the usurpation of his authority, Breed attempts to discover Reismans mission by having two of his men attack Wladislaw in the latrine, but they are knocked out by Posey and Jefferson. The 12 men think Reisman sent them until Breed and his men investigate the Dirty Dozens camp, Reisman, who had been away when Breed and his paratroopers arrived, infiltrates his own post and opens fire on the paratroops as the convicts jump them. They disarm the paratroops, Colonel Breed is ordered to take his men and leave, Denton, siding with Breed, insists that Reisman has exceeded his authority and urges General Worden to terminate Operation Amnesty. Reisman rises ferociously to the defense of his men, pointing out they had crammed six months of training into as many weeks, Major Armbruster suggests a test that would show whether Reismans men are ready. During practice maneuvers in which Breed will be taking part, the Dirty Dozen will attempt to capture the Colonels headquarters. During the maneuvers, the men use various tactics, including theft, impersonation. This proves to General Worden that Reismans men can be used for the mission, the night of the raid, the men are flown to France, and practice a rhyme they have learned which details their roles in the operation. A slight snag occurs, when landing in a tree, one of the dozen, Jiminez, breaks his neck and dies, but as trained
18.
In the Heat of the Night (film)
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In the Heat of the Night is a 1967 American mystery drama film directed by Norman Jewison. The movie changes various details found in the book from relatively minor ones to more major and it stars Sidney Poitier and Rod Steiger, and was produced by Walter Mirisch. The screenplay was by Stirling Silliphant, the film won five Academy Awards, including the 1967 awards for Best Picture and Rod Steiger for Best Actor. The film was followed by two sequels, They Call Me Mister Tibbs. in 1970, and The Organization in 1971, in 1988, it also became the basis of a television series adaptation of the same name. Although the film was set in the fictional Mississippi town of Sparta, part of the movie was filmed in Sparta, Illinois, where many of the films landmarks can still be seen. The quote They call me Mister Tibbs. was listed as number 16 on the American Film Institutes 100 Years.100 Movie Quotes, a list of top film quotes. In 2002, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, phillip Colbert, a wealthy industrialist from Chicago, is constructing a factory in Sparta, Mississippi. One night in September 1966, when driving back into town after a meeting at the home of one of Spartas leading citizens, Eric Endicott. His body is found on the pavement at the front of an entrance onto Main Street by Police Officer Sam Wood at about 3,30 a. m. Police Chief Bill Gillespie arrives on the scene where the body has been discovered, a local undertaker and a freelance photographer have been summoned to the scene to assist the police with their investigation. At the town depot, Wood finds a black man, Virgil Tibbs. Officer Wood immediately arrests him, cursorily searches him, and finds more than $200 in cash in his wallet, Wood takes him into the Sparta police station, where he presents him to Gillespie. Prejudiced against blacks, Gillespie jumps to the conclusion that he has his culprit, but he is embarrassed to learn that Tibbs is a police officer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania who happens to make more money in a week than Gillespie does in a month. Gillespie phones Tibbs chief to confirm the story, the chief informs Gillespie that Tibbs is his top homicide investigator and recommends that Tibbs stay and assist the investigation. Tibbs wants nothing more than to leave as quickly as possible, but as Tibbs prepares to head back to the train station, Gillespie swallows his pride and asks for help. She threatens to stop construction on the much needed factory unless Tibbs leads the investigation, unwilling to accept help, but under orders from the towns mayor, Gillespie talks a reluctant Tibbs into working on the case. Despite the rocky start to their relationship, the two policemen are compelled to respect each other as they are forced to work together to solve the crime, Tibbs initially suspects wealthy plantation owner Eric Endicott, a racist who publicly opposes the new factory. When Tibbs attempts to interrogate Endicott about Colbert, Endicott slaps him in the face, but Tibbs slaps him back, which leads to Endicott sending a gang of hooligans after Tibbs
19.
41st Academy Awards
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The 41st Academy Awards were presented on April 14,1969 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be staged at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, for the first time since the 11th Academy Awards, there was no host. Became the first—and so far, the film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. By contrast, the year would see the only X-rated film to win Best Picture. Would also be the last British film to win Best Picture until Chariots of Fire in 1982, the year was notable for the first—and so far, only—tie for Best Actress. Katharine Hepburn in The Lion in Winter and Barbra Streisand in Funny Girl shared the award. Hepburn also became the actress and third performer overall to win an acting Oscar two years in a row, after Luise Rainer in 1936 and 1937, and Spencer Tracy in 1937 and 1938. The previous year, Hepburn had won Best Actress for Guess Whos Coming to Dinner, as the special effects director and designer for 2001, A Space Odyssey, Stanley Kubrick was the recipient of the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects this year. It was the only Oscar he would ever win, cliff Robertsons performance in Charly was met with a generally mixed reception from critics and audiences. At the ceremony, Young Americans was announced as the Documentary Feature winner, on May 7,1969, the film was disqualified because it had played in October 1967, thus making it ineligible for a 1968 award. Journey Into Self, the first runner-up, was awarded the Oscar on May 8,1969. Controversy was created on Oscar night when Johnny Carson and Buddy Hackett announced in a sketch on the evenings Tonight Show, would be the winner for Best Picture and that Jack Albertson would win for Best Supporting Actor. Columnist Frances Drake claimed that most observers believed Carson and Hackett were playing a practical joke or happened to make a lucky guess. As Carson recalled it on the air later, it created a huge controversy. The Academy later hired Carson five times to host the ceremony, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger
20.
42nd Academy Awards
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The 42nd Academy Awards were presented April 7,1970 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. This was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be broadcast via satellite to an international audience, mexico and Brazil were the sole countries to broadcast the event live. This is currently the highest rated of the televised Academy Awards ceremonies, the ceremonys ratings record, as of 2017, remains unbroken thanks to the emergence of the Super Bowl as the biggest annual event of awards season. Midnight Cowboy became the first – and so far, the only – X-rated film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture, the previous year had seen the only G-rated film to win Best Picture, Oliver. This was the last time until the 68th Academy Awards where none of the four acting winners had appeared in Best Picture nominees and this was the first time where every acting nomination, as well as every major nominated film were in color. The Chilean television rights to the Oscars were sold by ABC International to Televisión Nacional de Chile while the Brazilian rights were sold to TV Tupi, the latter countrys rights to the TV broadcast of the Oscars were moved to a joint venture of TV Bandeirantes and TV Record. Starting in 1974, the Brazilian TV rights to the Oscars were sold by NBC to Rede Globo, an early attempt to change the Academy Awards presentations start time to 1 p. m. to fit European television audiences was rejected by AMPAS executives. Since at the television standards conversion was difficult, about 50 other countries did not broadcast the event live. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. J
21.
43rd Academy Awards
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The 43rd Academy Awards were presented April 15,1971, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. With her Best Supporting Actress win, Helen Hayes became the first performer to win Oscars in both lead and supporting categories and she also has the record of having the biggest gap between acting wins. The documentary film Woodstock got three Oscar nominations, making it the most nominated documentary film in Oscar history. This was the time since the 2nd Academy Awards that all five nominees for Best Actress were first-time nominees. Also, this was the first time since the 7th Academy Awards in which none of the nominees for the Academy Award for Best Actor had a nomination in that category. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger
22.
44th Academy Awards
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The 44th Academy Awards were presented April 10,1972 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles. The ceremonies were presided over by Helen Hayes, Alan King, Sammy Davis, Jr. one of the highlights of the evening was the appearance of Betty Grable, battling cancer at the time, who made one of her last public appearances. She appeared along with one of her men from the 1940s, singer Dick Haymes. This was the first time in the history of the Awards in which the nominees were shown on superimposed pictures while being announced, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. Charlie Chaplin received an award at this ceremony, for the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century. Chaplin, who had living in self-imposed exile in Switzerland for twenty years, came back to the United States to re-market his older films. When introduced to the audience, Chaplin received a standing ovation. The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers, 29th Golden Globe Awards 1971 in film 14th Grammy Awards 23rd Primetime Emmy Awards 24th Primetime Emmy Awards 25th British Academy Film Awards 26th Tony Awards
23.
45th Academy Awards
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The 45th Academy Awards were presented March 27,1973, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles, honoring the best films of 1972. The ceremonies were presided over by Carol Burnett, Michael Caine, Charlton Heston, chaplin had received honorary Academy Awards in 1929 and 1972. Cabaret, Bob Fosses adaptation of the Broadway stage musical, set a record for the most Oscars won without winning Best Picture, Best Picture winner The Godfather received only three Academy Awards. This year was the first time that two African American women received nominations for Best Actress and this was also the first year when all the Oscar winners were brought out on stage at the end of the ceremony. This was also the first year that the Best Picture award was presented last, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. Charles S. Boren Edward G. Robinson It was initially announced, on February 12,1973, that The Godfather received 11 nominations, more than any other film that year. This was reduced to 10 nominations after a new vote by the Academys music branch, following a controversy over whether Nino Rotas score for The Godfather was eligible for the nomination it received. For the re-balloting, members of the music branch chose from six films, The Godfather, John Addisons score for Sleuth won this new vote, and thus replaced Rotas score on the official list of nominees. The nominations in the category of Best Original Song were not announced in February with the rest of the nominations and it was later reported that the Academy had been considering whether Curtis Mayfields song Freddies Dead from the film Super Fly should be eligible. The song was ruled ineligible for a nomination because its lyrics were not sung in the film, Academy governor John Green was quoted as saying, Times have changed. In the old days Hollywood made 30 or 40 musicals a year, now there are hardly any, and most of the eligible songs are themes. Both the lyric and the music must be heard on the track to be eligible. The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers, 30th Golden Globe Awards 1972 in film 15th Grammy Awards 24th Primetime Emmy Awards 25th Primetime Emmy Awards 26th British Academy Film Awards 27th Tony Awards
