91st Academy Awards
The 91st Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, honored the best films of 2018, took place at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. The ceremony was held on February 24, 2019. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 24 categories; the ceremony was televised in the United States by the American Broadcasting Company, produced by Donna Gigliotti and Glenn Weiss, with Weiss serving as director. It was the first ceremony in three decades, since the 61st Academy Awards in 1989, to be conducted with no host. In related events, the Academy held its 10th Annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 18, 2018; the Academy Scientific and Technical Awards were presented by host actor David Oyelowo on February 9, 2019, in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills. Green Book won three awards, including Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for Mahershala Ali's portrayal of Don Shirley, Bohemian Rhapsody led the ceremony with four awards, including Best Actor for Rami Malek's portrayal of Freddie Mercury.
Roma and Black Panther received three awards apiece, with the former winning Best Director for Alfonso Cuarón and becoming the first Mexican submission to win Best Foreign Language Film. Olivia Colman was awarded Best Actress for portraying Queen of Great Britain in The Favourite. With a U. S. viewership of 29.6 million, it marked a 12% increase over the 2018 ceremony. The nominees for the 91st Academy Awards were announced on January 22, 2019, at 5:20 a.m. PST, at the Academy's Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, by actors Kumail Nanjiani and Tracee Ellis Ross. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, indicated with a double dagger; the Academy held its 10th annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 18, 2018, where the following awards were presented: Cicely Tyson – American actress Lalo Schifrin – Argentine-American composer Marvin Levy – American publicist Kathleen Kennedy – American producer Frank Marshall – American producer The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical performances.
Due to the last two ceremonies' mixed receptions and declining ratings, producers Michael De Luca and Jennifer Todd declined to helm the 2019 awards, were replaced by Donna Gigliotti and Glenn Weiss. In August 2018, the Academy announced plans to add a new category honoring achievement in "Popular Film"; the proposal was met with wide criticism, as the award's implied focus on blockbuster films was considered to be demeaning towards artistic films and other non-mainstream pictures, that it could diminish the chance for critically successful mainstream films to be nominated for Best Picture, for being a ploy to boost ratings. The Academy announced the following month that it would postpone the new category in order to seek additional input. Academy president John Bailey admitted that the proposed category was intended to help improve viewership, noted that the concept of a separate award for commercial film dates back to the 1st Academy Awards. In January 2019, it was reported that as part of an effort to shorten the ceremony, only two of the nominees for Best Original Song would be performed live.
After a negative reaction from audiences and industry musicians, including Lin-Manuel Miranda and members of the music branch, the Academy backtracked and announced that all five songs would be performed. The following month, the Academy announced that the presentation of the awards for Best Cinematography, Best Live Action Short Film, Best Film Editing, Best Makeup and Hairstyling—would occur during commercial breaks, they said that these presentations would be streamed so viewers could watch them live online, that the winners' acceptance speeches would be replayed in the broadcast. The decision received extensive backlash from audiences, from filmmakers including Guillermo del Toro, Christopher Nolan, Martin Scorsese, Quentin Tarantino, Damien Chazelle, Spike Lee, Joe Dante and Alfonso Cuarón. Four days the Academy reversed the decision and announced that all 24 categories would be presented live. At the time of the nominations announcement on January 22, 2019, the combined North American box office gross of seven of the eight Best Picture nominees was $1.261 billion, the highest total for Best Picture nominees since the 83rd Academy Awards in 2011.
The average per-film gross was $157 million, although only three films had made over $50 million before the announcement. Thirty-two nominations went to twelve of the year's fifty top-grossing movies. Of those, only seven films—Black Panther, Incredibles 2, Bohemian Rhapsody, A Star Is Born, Ralph Breaks the Internet, Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse and Green Book —were nominated for Best Picture, Best Animated Feature or any of the directing, acting or screenwriting awards; the other top 50 box-office hits that earned nominations were Avengers: Infinity War, Solo: A Star Wars Story (10th
A Gathering of Eagles
A Gathering of Eagles is a 1963 Eastmancolor film about the U. S. Air Force during the Cold War and the pressures of command; the plot is patterned after the World War II film Twelve O'Clock High, which producer-screenwriter Sy Bartlett wrote, with elements mirroring Above and Beyond and Toward the Unknown, films written by his collaborator, Beirne Lay Jr. The film was directed by Delbert Mann. Rock Hudson plays a United States Air Force officer, Colonel Jim Caldwell, a Strategic Air Command B-52 wing commander, he must shape up his wing and men to pass a grueling operational readiness inspection that the previous commander had failed and for which he had been relieved of his command. Caldwell is recently married to an English wife, as a tough commanding officer doing whatever he has to do to shape up his command, his wife sees a side to him that she had not seen before; the film stars Rod Taylor, Mary Peach, Barry Sullivan, Kevin McCarthy, Henry Silva, Robert Lansing, Leif Erickson, Richard Anderson.
The Inspector General of the Strategic Air Command, Major General "Happy Jack" Kirby, lands unannounced at the fictional Carmody Air Force Base in northern California, home of the 904th Strategic Aerospace Wing. Accompanied by a 30-man inspection team, he demands that the Air Police take him directly to the wing's command post and once there announces a no-notice Operational Readiness Inspection; as the inspection continues, General Kirby receives a score report from a member of his team. With this in hand, he calls General Hewitt, the commanding general of SAC at his Omaha headquarters and soberly informs him, "It doesn't look too good so far, sir." The general agrees and, without further ado, summons to his office his new aide, Colonel Jim Caldwell, who at the time is conducting a tour of visiting dignitaries through the underground command post of SAC Headquarters at Offutt AFB near Omaha, NE. Colonel Caldwell reports to his superior's office, General Hewitt coolly informs him that the wing commander at Carmody "didn't have what it takes" and must be replaced.
Hewitt offers the job to Caldwell. To Caldwell, this is a enviable career move, one made more auspicious when he discovers that his good friend and Korean War buddy, Colonel Hollis Farr, is the vice wing commander. Able to conceal his excitement, he telephones his English wife, Victoria, to tell her the news. Soon after he arrives at Carmody in a T-33, Caldwell notes a number of problems in the wing that indicate a low state of training and readiness, he institutes measures that Colonel Farr questions: restoring a seven-day alert cycle that isolates flight crews from their families, freezing all promotion recommendations, making it clear that no member of the 904th may consider his job secure. This includes Colonel Bill Fowler, who, as Caldwell soon learns, drinks heavily. Caldwell forces Fowler to retire early, tells him straight-out that his drinking is the cause, he alienates the wing's Deputy Commander for Maintenance, Colonel "Smokin' Joe" Garcia by telling him that he must learn to delegate authority—and when Garcia applies for a transfer to a B-58 Hustler bomb wing, Caldwell refuses to act on it.
Farr protests that Caldwell is "going out on a limb", to which Caldwell replies with a biting rhetorical question, "What's wrong with that?" Caldwell's harsh policies soon alienate Victoria, who has befriended Fowler's wife. Morale at the upper echelons goes from bad to worse. First, Bill Fowler shoots himself, under circumstances that could be accidental but are not. After Farr gives leave to a squadron commander whose unit is not in good shape, Caldwell asks the brigadier general commanding the 904th's parent air division to replace Farr as vice wing commander, he says, "I inherited the most popular wing vice commander in SAC—but one who will not assume responsibility!" He sharply contradicts Farr's rosy approval of the wing's performance during a post-mission critique of B-52G and KC-135A aircraft commanders and their crews as a prelude to informing Farr that he is fired. This causes the final breach between Caldwell and his wife since gossip has had Farr and Victoria drifting into an affair, a rumor to which Caldwell lends no credence but one that Victoria has heard, leading her to think that she is in some way responsible for Farr's impending dismissal.
Soon after, while Caldwell visits Fowler in a San Francisco hospital to snap him out of his depression, he receives a call from the operations chief saying that an unidentified aircraft is "on final approach, no emergency declared". Suspecting another ORI, Caldwell orders the officer to notify the battle staff at once. Caldwell cannot return to base fast enough and Farr must assume command in his absence. In this capacity, Farr makes a key decision: to launch a B-52 which cannot produce full power on one of its engines, a violation of peacetime flight safety regulations, because "We're simulating wartime conditions." After another B-52 must abort its mission, General Kirby's "score" of that mission will make the difference between passing and failing. Kirby confronts Farr about the decision, Caldwell defends it, stating he would have made the same call, but Kirby, a former wing commander himself, surprises both by saying that he, would have done the same, that he will not score the mission as an abort.
Tellingly, he smiles at Caldwell as he says this. Caldwell congratulates Farr in a manner suggesting he will retain Farr as his vice commander, sayi
43rd Academy Awards
The 43rd Academy Awards ceremony, presented by Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, was held on April 15, 1971, took place at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion to honor the best films of 1970. The Awards presentation, hosting duties were handled by 34 "Friends of Oscar" and broadcast by NBC for the first time in 11 years, it was during this ceremony that George C. Scott became the first actor to reject an Oscar, claiming that the Academy Awards were "a two-hour meat parade, a public display with contrived suspense for economic reasons."With her Best Supporting Actress win, Helen Hayes became the first performer to win Oscars in both lead and supporting categories. She has the record of having the biggest gap between acting wins; the documentary film Woodstock garnered three Oscar nominations, making it the most nominated documentary film in Oscar history. This was the only time since the 2nd Academy Awards that all five nominees for Best Actress were first-time nominees, as well as the last time that either lead acting category had all new nominees.
This was the first time since the 7th Academy Awards in which none of the nominees for the Academy Award for Best Actor had a previous nomination in that category. Winners are highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger; the following individuals performed musical numbers. 28th Golden Globe Awards 1970 in film 13th Grammy Awards 22nd Primetime Emmy Awards 23rd Primetime Emmy Awards 24th British Academy Film Awards 25th Tony Awards
United States
The United States of America known as the United States or America, is a country composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles, the United States is the world's third or fourth largest country by total area and is smaller than the entire continent of Europe's 3.9 million square miles. With a population of over 327 million people, the U. S. is the third most populous country. The capital is Washington, D. C. and the largest city by population is New York City. Forty-eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous in North America between Canada and Mexico; the State of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west. The State of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean; the U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine official time zones. The diverse geography and wildlife of the United States make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries.
Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century; the United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the French and Indian War led to the American Revolution, which began in 1775, the subsequent Declaration of Independence in 1776; the war ended in 1783 with the United States becoming the first country to gain independence from a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, with the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, being ratified in 1791 to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties; the United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century, acquiring new territories, displacing Native American tribes, admitting new states until it spanned the continent by 1848. During the second half of the 19th century, the Civil War led to the abolition of slavery.
By the end of the century, the United States had extended into the Pacific Ocean, its economy, driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution, began to soar. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a global military power; the United States emerged from World War II as a global superpower, the first country to develop nuclear weapons, the only country to use them in warfare, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. Sweeping civil rights legislation, notably the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Fair Housing Act of 1968, outlawed discrimination based on race or color. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union competed in the Space Race, culminating with the 1969 U. S. Moon landing; the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world's sole superpower. The United States is the world's oldest surviving federation, it is a representative democracy.
The United States is a founding member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States, other international organizations. The United States is a developed country, with the world's largest economy by nominal GDP and second-largest economy by PPP, accounting for a quarter of global GDP; the U. S. economy is post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge-based activities, although the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world. The United States is the world's largest importer and the second largest exporter of goods, by value. Although its population is only 4.3% of the world total, the U. S. holds 31% of the total wealth in the world, the largest share of global wealth concentrated in a single country. Despite wide income and wealth disparities, the United States continues to rank high in measures of socioeconomic performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP, worker productivity.
The United States is the foremost military power in the world, making up a third of global military spending, is a leading political and scientific force internationally. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a world map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America in honor of the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci; the first documentary evidence of the phrase "United States of America" is from a letter dated January 2, 1776, written by Stephen Moylan, Esq. to George Washington's aide-de-camp and Muster-Master General of the Continental Army, Lt. Col. Joseph Reed. Moylan expressed his wish to go "with full and ample powers from the United States of America to Spain" to seek assistance in the revolutionary war effort; the first known publication of the phrase "United States of America" was in an anonymous essay in The Virginia Gazette newspaper in Williamsburg, Virginia, on April 6, 1776. The second draft of the Articles of Confederation, prepared by John Dickinson and completed by June 17, 1776, at the latest, declared "The name of this Confederation shall be the'United States of America'".
The final version of the Articles sent to the states for ratification in late 1777 contains the sentence "The Stile of this Confederacy shall be'The United States of America'". In June 1776, Thomas Jefferson wrote the phrase "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" in all capitalized letters in the headline of his "original Rough draught" of the Declaration of Independence; this draft of the document did not surface unti
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad World is a 1963 American epic comedy film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer and starring Spencer Tracy with an all-star cast, about the madcap pursuit of $350,000 in stolen cash by a diverse and colorful group of strangers. The ensemble comedy premiered on November 7, 1963; the cast features Edie Adams, Milton Berle, Sid Caesar, Buddy Hackett, Ethel Merman, Mickey Rooney, Phil Silvers, Terry-Thomas, Jonathan Winters. The film marked the first time that Kramer had directed a comedy, though he had produced the comedy So This Is New York in 1948, he is best known for producing and directing drama films about social problems, such as The Defiant Ones, Inherit the Wind, Judgment at Nuremberg, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner. His first attempt at directing a comedy film paid off immensely, as It's a Mad, Mad, Mad World became a critical and commercial success in 1963 and went on to be nominated for 6 Academy Awards, winning for Best Sound Editing, 2 Golden Globe Awards. Despite this, the film suffered severe cuts by its distributor United Artists in order to give the film a shorter running time for its general release.
The footage was excised against Kramer's wishes. The lost footage deteriorated through the decades and was once thought impossible to restore. On October 15, 2013, however, it was announced that the Criterion Collection had collaborated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, United Artists, film restoration expert Robert A. Harris to reconstruct and restore It's a Mad, Mad, Mad World to be as close as possible to the original 197-minute version envisioned by Kramer, it was released in a five-disc "Dual Format" Blu-ray/DVD Combo Pack on January 21, 2014. It's a Mad, Mad, Mad World featured at number 40 in the American Film Institute's list 100 Years...100 Laughs. "Smiler" Grogan, an ex-convict wanted by police in a tuna factory robbery fifteen years ago and on the run, careens his car off twisting, mountainous State Highway 74 near Palm Desert and crashes. Five motorists stop to help him: Melville Crump, a dentist. Just before he dies, Grogan tells the five men about $350,000 buried in Santa Rosita State Park near the Mexican border under "… a big W".
The motorists try to reason with one another to share the money, but it soon becomes an all-out race to get the money first. Unbeknownst to them all, Captain T. G. Culpeper, Chief of Detectives of the Santa Rosita Police Department, has been patiently working on the Smiler Grogan case for years, hoping to someday solve it and retire; when he learns of the fatal crash, he suspects that Grogan may have tipped off the passersby, so he has them tracked by various police units. His suspicions are confirmed by their behavior. Everyone experiences multiple setbacks on their way to the money. Crump and his wife Monica charter an old WWI-era biplane and make it to Santa Rosita, but are soon unknowingly locked in the basement of a hardware store by its owner, they free themselves with dynamite. Bell and Benjamin charter a modern plane at an aviation club, but when their wealthy alcoholic pilot knocks himself out drunk, the two are forced to fly and land the plane themselves. Finch, his wife Emmeline, his loud and obnoxious mother-in-law, Mrs. Marcus, are involved in a car accident with Pike's furniture van.
The three flag down British Army Officer Lt. Col. J. Algernon Hawthorne in his car and convince him to drive them to Santa Rosita. After many arguments, most caused by Mrs. Marcus and Emmeline refuse to go any farther, Finch and Hawthorne leave them by the side of the road in Yucca Valley. Pike tries to get motorist Otto Meyer to take him to Santa Rosita, but the greedy Meyer betrays him and races for the money on his own, leaving Pike stranded with only a little girl's bike from his furniture van. An enraged Pike catches up with Meyer at a gas station and assaults him as the gas station owners try to stop him. Meyer escapes in his car while Pike destroys the gas station, he steals the station's tow truck and takes off after Meyer. Pike picks them up. While in a town called Plaster City, Mrs. Marcus calls her devoted and powerfully built, but impulsive and dim-witted, son Sylvester, who lives on Silver Strand Beach near Santa Rosita, to get the money for them, but misunderstanding and believing his mother is in trouble, he instead races to her in his car.
Meyer experiences his own setbacks, including sinking his car while trying to cross the Kern River and nearly drowning. He manages to steal a car belonging to a passing motorist by telling him he's with the CIA and re-joins the hunt. All the while and the police department observe their activities from afar. Around this time, two taxi drivers get in on the chase in their Yellow Cabs. All of the characters arrive at Santa Rosita State Park at about the same time and search for the big W. Culpeper orders all policemen to leave the area and goes in solo to retrieve the money. Emmeline, who wants no part of the money and doesn't take part in the search, is the first one to spot the big W, composed of four palm trees growing in the shape of the letter "W". Pike informs everyone else. After everyone digs up the money, Culpeper identifies
51st Academy Awards
The 51st Academy Awards ceremony, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, honored films released in 1978 and took place on April 9, 1979, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 7:00 p.m. PST / 10:00 p.m. EST. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards in 22 categories; the ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Jack Haley Jr. and directed by Marty Pasetta. Comedian and talk show host Johnny Carson hosted the show for the first time. Three days earlier in a ceremony held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California, on April 6, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hosts Gregory Peck and Christopher Reeve; the Deer Hunter won five awards including Best Picture. Other winners included Coming Home with three awards, Midnight Express with two awards, The Buddy Holly Story, California Suite, Days of Heaven, Death on the Nile, The Flight of the Gossamer Condor, Get Out Your Handkerchiefs, Heaven Can Wait, Scared Straight!, Special Delivery, Teenage Father and Thank God It's Friday with one.
The ceremony, held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Downtown Los Angeles, was hosted by late night talk host Johnny Carson for the first time. Jack Elliott and Allyn Ferguson served as musical directors for the telecast. Singers Sammy Davis Jr. and Steve Lawrence performed a medley called "Oscar's Only Human", composed of movie songs that were not nominated for Best Original Song. The Academy's music branch protested that the segment be dropped from the ceremony, but it was kept intact after Haley threatened to leave his position as producer and pull Carson from emcee duties, it was remembered for being the final public appearance of Oscar-winning actor John Wayne, where he was given a standing ovation before presenting the award for Best Picture. On June 11, two months after the ceremony, he died from complications from stomach cancer at age 72; this was the final public appearance for Jack Haley, presenter of the Best Costume Design with his Wizard of Oz co-star Ray Bolger as well as the father of the producer, as he died on June 6 of that year.
The nominees for the 51st Academy Awards were announced on February 20, 1979. The Deer Hunter and Heaven Can Wait tied for the most nominations with nine each; the winners were announced during the awards ceremony on April 9. Best Director nominees Warren Beatty and Buck Henry became the second pair of directors nominated in that category for the same film. Furthermore, Beatty was the first person since Orson Welles to earn acting, directing and screenwriting nominations in the same year. With Jon Voight and Jane Fonda's respective wins in the Best Actor and Best Actress categories, Coming Home was the fourth film to win both lead acting awards. Best Supporting Actress winner Maggie Smith became the only person to win an Oscar for playing an Oscar loser. Winners are highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger. Laurence Olivier Walter Lantz King Vidor Museum of Modern Art Department of Film Leo Jaffe Les Bowie, Colin Chilvers, Denys Coop, Roy Field, Derek Meddings and Zoran Perisic for the visual effects of Superman.
The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers: 21st Grammy Awards 31st Primetime Emmy Awards 32nd British Academy Film Awards 33rd Tony Awards 36th Golden Globe Awards List of submissions to the 51st Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
Fantastic Voyage
Fantastic Voyage is a 1966 American science fiction film directed by Richard Fleischer and written by Harry Kleiner, based on a story by Otto Klement and Jerome Bixby. The film is about a submarine crew who are shrunk to microscopic size and venture into the body of an injured scientist to repair damage to his brain; the original story took place in the 19th century and was meant to be a Jules Verne-style adventure with a sense of wonder. Kleiner added a Cold War element; the film starred Stephen Boyd, Raquel Welch, Edmond O'Brien, Donald Pleasence, Arthur Kennedy. Bantam Books obtained the rights for a paperback novelization based on the screenplay and approached Isaac Asimov to write it; because the novelization was released six months before the movie, many people mistakenly believed that the film was based on Asimov's book. The movie inspired an animated television series; the United States and the Soviet Union have both developed technology that can miniaturize matter by shrinking individual atoms, but only for one hour.
The scientist Dr. Jan Benes, working behind the Iron Curtain, has figured out how to make the process work indefinitely. With the help of American intelligence agents, including agent Grant, he escapes to the West, but an attempted assassination leaves him comatose with a blood clot in his brain that no surgery can remove from the outside. To save his life, agent Grant, pilot Captain Bill Owens, Dr. Michaels, surgeon Dr. Peter Duval, his assistant Cora Peterson are placed aboard a Navy submarine at the C. M. D. F. Facilities; the submarine, named Proteus, is miniaturized to "about the size of a microbe", injected into Benes. The team has one hour to remove the clot; the crew faces many obstacles during the mission. An arteriovenous fistula forces them to detour through the heart, where cardiac arrest must be induced to avoid turbulence that would be strong enough to destroy Proteus. After an unexplained loss of oxygen, they must replenish their supply in the lungs, they are forced to pass through the inner ear, requiring all outside personnel to make no noise, so as to prevent destructive shocks and Cora gets killed by antibodies.
When they discover that the surgical laser, needed to destroy the clot is damaged, it becomes obvious that there is a saboteur on the mission. They must cannibalize their wireless telegraph to repair the laser, making it impossible to get communication and guidance from outside. By the time they reach the clot, they have only six minutes remaining to operate and exit the body. Before the mission, Grant had been briefed that Duval was the prime suspect as a potential surgical assassin, but as the mission progresses he pieces the evidence together, near the end instead begins to suspect Michaels. During the critical phase of the operation, Dr. Michaels knocks out Owens and takes control of Proteus while the rest of the crew is outside for the operation. Duval removes the clot with the laser, but Michaels tries to crash the sub into the clot area to kill Benes. Grant fires the laser at the ship, causing it to crash. Michaels is killed when a white blood cell attacks and destroys Proteus. Grant saves Owens from the ship, they and the remaining crew swim to one of Benes's eyes.
They escape through a tear duct seconds before returning to normal size. The original screenplay included a follow-up scene in which it is disclosed that, because of brain damage caused by the submarine, Benes no longer remembers the formula for unlimited miniaturization. Surviving stills suggest that this scene was never used. Stephen Boyd as Grant Raquel Welch as Cora Peterson Edmond O'Brien as General Carter Donald Pleasence as Dr. Michaels Arthur O'Connell as Colonel Donald Reid William Redfield as Captain Bill Owens Arthur Kennedy as Dr. Peter Duval Jean Del Val as Dr. Jan Benes Barry Coe as communications aide Ken Scott as a Secret Service agent Shelby Grant as nurse James Brolin as technician The film was the original idea of Otto Klement and Lewis Bixby, they sold it to Fox who announced the film would be "the most expensive science fiction film made." Richard Fleischer was assigned to Saul David to produce. Fleischer had studied medicine and human anatomy in college before choosing to be a movie director.
Harry Kleiner was brought in to work on the script. The budget was set at $5 million; the budget went up to $6 million, $3 million of which went on the sets and $1 million on test footage. The film starred Stephen Boyd, it was the first role at Fox for Raquel Welch, put under contract to the studio after being spotted in a beauty contest by David's wife. For the technical and artistic elaboration of the subject, Richard Fleischer asked for the collaboration of two people of the crew that he had worked with on the production of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, the film
