1.
Whirlpool Corporation
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The Whirlpool Corporation is an American multinational manufacturer and marketer of home appliances, headquartered in Benton Charter Township, Michigan, United States, near Benton Harbor, Michigan. The Fortune 500 company has annual revenue of approximately $21 billion,100,000 employees, the company markets Whirlpool, Maytag, KitchenAid, Jenn-Air, Amana, Gladiator GarageWorks, Inglis, Estate, Brastemp, Bauknecht, Indesit, and Consul. Whirlpool Corporation is the worlds largest home appliance maker, in the U. S. Whirlpool has eight manufacturing facilities, Amana, Iowa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, Cleveland, Tennessee, Ohio, Clyde, Findlay, Greenville, Marion. Before they founded the Upton Machine Company on November 11,1911, Louis Upton worked as a salesman and his uncle, Emory Upton. Following a failed business venture, Lou acquired a patent to a manual clothes washer, with the aid of a $5,000 investment from retailing executive Lowell Bassford, they began to produce electric motor-driven wringer washers. Soon after its founding, Lous younger brother Fred joined the company and their first customer, the Federal Electric division of Commonwealth Edison, ordered 100 machines, but a fault in the gear transmission led the customer to threaten their return. After the machines were recalled and repaired, Federal Electric doubled the order and they remained a customer for three years, when they began to produce their own washers. The loss of Federal Electric forced Upton to diversify temporarily until, in 1916, they landed Sears, Sears began selling two types of Upton wringer washers under the Allen brand, one for $54.75 and a deluxe model for $95. Sales grew quickly and in 1921, Sears appointed Upton as their supplier of washers. To avoid becoming over-reliant on Sears, Upton began marketing a washer under their own brand name, the increasing volume of sales led Upton to merge with the Nineteen Hundred Washer Company of Binghamton, New York in 1929, adopting the name Nineteen Hundred Corporation. The company was unaffected by the Great Depression, during World War II. In 1947, it introduced an automatic, spinner-type washer sold by Sears under the Kenmore brand, Lou retired as president in 1949, and was replaced by Elisha Bud Gray II. In response to the consumer demand for convenience products, the company launched a range of home laundry products including wringer and automatic washers, dryers. In 1950, The Nineteen Hundred Corporation was renamed as the Whirlpool Corporation, in 1951, the philanthropic Whirlpool Foundation was established. To better compete with more diversified manufacturers, in 1955 Whirlpool acquired Seeger Refrigerator Company and RCAs air conditioner, the company changed its name to Whirlpool-Seeger Corporation and began using the RCA-Whirlpool brand name. Whirlpool acquired International Harvester Companys refrigeration plant in Evansville, IN in 1955, in 1956, a 100-acre administrative center was opened in Benton Harbor, Michigan. In 1957, the RCA Whirlpool Miracle Kitchen was introduced with an estimated 15 million television viewers, the company changed its name back to Whirlpool Corporation. In 1962, the research laboratories won a contract from NASA to develop the food
2.
The Home Depot
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The Home Depot, Inc. is a home improvement supplies retailing company that sells tools, construction products, and services. It operates many big-box format stores across the United States, all 10 provinces of Canada, the company is headquartered at the Atlanta Store Support Center in Cobb County, Georgia, in Greater Atlanta. In terms of overall revenue reported to the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the Home Depot is the largest home improvement retailer in the United States, ahead of rival Lowes. It operates out of large warehouse-style buildings averaging 105,000 ft2 with megastores operating in larger facilities, the Home Depot was founded in 1978 by Bernard Marcus, Arthur Blank, Ron Brill and Pat Farrah. The Home Depots proposition was to build home-improvement superstores, larger than any of their competitors facilities, investment banker Ken Langone helped Marcus and Blank to secure the necessary capital. In 1979, the first two stores, built in spaces leased from J. C. Penney that were originally Treasure Island hypermarket stores, two more opened not long after, and all four shared the space under the squiggly zig-zag roof with Zayre on its right side. The initial public offering occurred in approximately September 1981 and the became a New York Stock Exchange traded company on April 19,1984. The first headquarters was on Terrell Mill Road on the southeast side of Marietta, Georgia, the tallest building is approximately 85 metres high, the fourth-tallest in the Vinings area. The three buildings are marked B, C, and D—the missing building A is actually store #121 on Cumberland Parkway, in 2000, after the retirement of Marcus and Blank, Robert Nardelli was appointed chairman, president, and CEO. Nardelli had pushed hard to make the more efficient, instituting many metrics and centralizing operations, while cutting jobs, benefits. Its 2005 sales totaled US$91.8 billion, despite the 10% increase in revenue, it dropped three spots to No.17 on the 2007 FORTUNE magazines FORTUNE500 list. The Home Depot owned EXPO Design Center, a chain of home decorating and appliance stores, in 2001, it acquired distributor Your Other Warehouse, which still operates as its own division. In 2006, the Home Depot acquired Hughes Supply which was assimilated into HD Supply serving contractors, in September 2005, Home Depot Direct launched its online home-furnishings store,10 Crescent Lane, shortly followed by the launch of Paces Trading Company, its online lighting store. In mid 2006, the Home Depot acquired Home Decorators Collection, Home Depot Landscape Supply, with only a few stores each in metro Atlanta and Dallas/Fort Worth, was founded in 2002 and closed in late 2007. On January 2,2007, the Home Depot and Robert Nardelli mutually agreed on Nardellis resignation as CEO after a six-year tenure and his severance package of $210 million was criticized because when the stock went down, his pay went up. His successor, Frank Blake, previously served as the vice chairman of the board. Blake agreed to a more conservative compensation package than Nardelli. Although a longtime deputy to Nardelli at GE and Home Depot, Blake was said to lack Nardellis hard edge, indeed, Blake repudiated many of his predecessors strategies, and it has been reported that the two men have not spoken since Nardelli departed Home Depot
3.
Alarm clock
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An alarm clock is a clock that is designed to alert an individual or group of individuals at specified time. The primary function of these clocks is to people from their nights sleep or short naps. Most use sound, some use light or vibration, some have sensors to identify when a person is in a light stage of sleep, in order to avoid waking someone who is deeply asleep, which causes tiredness, even if the person has had adequate sleep. To stop the sound or light, a button or handle on the clock is pressed, a classic analog alarm clock has an extra hand or inset dial that is used to specify the time at which to activate the alarm. Alarm clocks are also found on mobile phones and watches, in some models, the back encasement of the clock itself acts as the bell. In an electric bell-style alarm clock, the bell is rung by a circuit and armature that turns the circuit on. Digital alarm clocks can make other noises, simple battery-powered alarm clocks make a loud buzzing or beeping sound to wake a sleeper, while novelty alarm clocks can speak, laugh, sing, or play sounds from nature. Some alarm clocks have radios that can be set to playing at specified times. Some alarm clocks can set multiple alarms, a feature for couples who have different waking up schedules. A progressive alarm clock, still new in the market, can have different alarms for different times, most modern televisions, mobile phones and digital watches have alarm clock functions to turn on or make sounds at a specific time. The late Roman senator Cassiodorus advocated in his rulebook for monastic life the water clock as an alarm for the soldiers of Christ. The Christian rhetorician Procopius described in detail prior to 529 a complex public striking clock in his home town Gaza which featured an hourly gong and figures moving mechanically day, in China, a striking clock was devised by the Buddhist monk and inventor Yi Xing. The Chinese engineers Zhang Sixun and Su Song integrated striking clock mechanisms in astronomical clocks in the 10th and 11th centuries, a striking clock outside of China was the water-powered clock tower near the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria, which struck once every hour. It was constructed by the Arab engineer al-Kaysarani in 1154, the most famous original striking clock tower still standing is possibly the one in St Marks Clocktower in St Marks Square, Venice. The St Marks Clock was assembled in 1493, by the famous clockmaker Gian Carlo Rainieri from Reggio Emilia, where his father Gian Paolo Rainieri had already constructed another famous device in 1481. In 1497, Simone Campanato moulded the great bell, which was put on the top of the tower where it was beaten by the Due Mori. User-settable mechanical alarm clocks date back at least to 15th-century Europe and these early alarm clocks had a ring of holes in the clock dial and were set by placing a pin in the appropriate hole. Another mechanical alarm clock was created by Levi Hutchins, of New Hampshire in the United States and this device he made only for himself however, and it only rang at 4 AM, in order to wake him for his job
4.
Radio
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When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form, Radio systems need a transmitter to modulate some property of the energy produced to impress a signal on it, for example using amplitude modulation or angle modulation. Radio systems also need an antenna to convert electric currents into radio waves, an antenna can be used for both transmitting and receiving. The electrical resonance of tuned circuits in radios allow individual stations to be selected, the electromagnetic wave is intercepted by a tuned receiving antenna. Radio frequencies occupy the range from a 3 kHz to 300 GHz, a radio communication system sends signals by radio. The term radio is derived from the Latin word radius, meaning spoke of a wheel, beam of light, however, this invention would not be widely adopted. The switch to radio in place of wireless took place slowly and unevenly in the English-speaking world, the United States Navy would also play a role. Although its translation of the 1906 Berlin Convention used the terms wireless telegraph and wireless telegram, the term started to become preferred by the general public in the 1920s with the introduction of broadcasting. Radio systems used for communication have the following elements, with more than 100 years of development, each process is implemented by a wide range of methods, specialised for different communications purposes. Each system contains a transmitter, This consists of a source of electrical energy, the transmitter contains a system to modulate some property of the energy produced to impress a signal on it. This modulation might be as simple as turning the energy on and off, or altering more subtle such as amplitude, frequency, phase. Amplitude modulation of a carrier wave works by varying the strength of the signal in proportion to the information being sent. For example, changes in the strength can be used to reflect the sounds to be reproduced by a speaker. It was the used for the first audio radio transmissions. Frequency modulation varies the frequency of the carrier, the instantaneous frequency of the carrier is directly proportional to the instantaneous value of the input signal. FM has the capture effect whereby a receiver only receives the strongest signal, Digital data can be sent by shifting the carriers frequency among a set of discrete values, a technique known as frequency-shift keying. FM is commonly used at Very high frequency radio frequencies for high-fidelity broadcasts of music, analog TV sound is also broadcast using FM. Angle modulation alters the phase of the carrier wave to transmit a signal
5.
Phonograph
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The phonograph is a device invented in 1877 for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound. In its later forms it is called a gramophone. To recreate the sound, the surface is rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it. In later electric phonographs, the motions of the stylus are converted into an electrical signal by a transducer. The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison, while other inventors had produced devices that could record sounds, Edisons phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the recorded sound. His phonograph originally recorded sound onto a sheet wrapped around a rotating cylinder. A stylus responding to sound vibrations produced an up and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil, in the 1890s, Emile Berliner initiated the transition from phonograph cylinders to flat discs with a spiral groove running from the periphery to near the center. Later improvements through the years included modifications to the turntable and its system, the stylus or needle. The disc phonograph record was the dominant audio recording format throughout most of the 20th century, from the mid-1980s on, phonograph use on a standard record player declined sharply because of the rise of the cassette tape, compact disc and other digital recording formats. Records are still a favorite format for some audiophiles and DJs, vinyl records are still used by some DJs and musicians in their concert performances. Musicians continue to release their recordings on vinyl records, the original recordings of musicians are sometimes re-issued on vinyl. Usage of terminology is not uniform across the English-speaking world, in more modern usage, the playback device is often called a turntable, record player, or record changer. When used in conjunction with a mixer as part of a DJ setup, the term phonograph was derived from the Greek words φωνή and γραφή. The similar related terms gramophone and graphophone have similar root meanings, the roots were already familiar from existing 19th-century words such as photograph, telegraph, and telephone. In British English, gramophone may refer to any sound-reproducing machine using disc records, the term phonograph was usually restricted to machines that used cylinder records. Gramophone generally referred to a wind-up machine, after the introduction of the softer vinyl records, 33 1⁄3-rpm LPs and 45-rpm single or two-song records, and EPs, the common name became record player or turntable. Often the home record player was part of a system that included a radio and, later, from about 1960, such a system began to be described as a hi-fi or a stereo. In American English, phonograph, properly specific to machines made by Edison, was used in a generic sense as early as the 1890s to include cylinder-playing machines made by others
6.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
7.
Television
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Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome, or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a set, a television program. Television is a medium for entertainment, education, news, politics, gossip. Television became available in experimental forms in the late 1920s. After World War II, a form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United States and Britain, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses. During the 1950s, television was the medium for influencing public opinion. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US, for many reasons, the storage of television and video programming now occurs on the cloud. At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity, another development was the move from standard-definition television to high-definition television, which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in various formats, 1080p, 1080i, in 2013, 79% of the worlds households owned a television set. Most TV sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs, major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. In the near future, LEDs are gradually expected to be replaced by OLEDs, also, major manufacturers have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s. Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s, Television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the signal to individual television receivers. Alternatively television signals are distributed by cable or optical fiber, satellite systems and. Until the early 2000s, these were transmitted as analog signals, a standard television set is composed of multiple internal electronic circuits, including a tuner for receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is correctly called a video monitor rather than a television, the word television comes from Ancient Greek τῆλε, meaning far, and Latin visio, meaning sight. The Anglicised version of the term is first attested in 1907 and it was. formed in English or borrowed from French télévision. In the 19th century and early 20th century, other. proposals for the name of a technology for sending pictures over distance were telephote. The abbreviation TV is from 1948, the use of the term to mean a television set dates from 1941
8.
Refrigerator
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Refrigeration is an essential food storage technique in developed countries. The lower temperature lowers the rate of bacteria, so the refrigerator reduces the rate of spoilage. A refrigerator maintains a temperature a few degrees above the point of water. Optimum temperature range for food storage is 3 to 5 °C. A similar device that maintains a temperature below the point of water is called a freezer. The refrigerator replaced the icebox, which had been a household appliance for almost a century. For this reason, a refrigerator is sometimes referred to as an icebox in American usage, the first cooling systems for food involved using ice. Artificial refrigeration began in the mid-1750s, and developed in the early 1800s, in 1834, the first working vapor-compression refrigeration system was built. The first commercial ice-making machine was invented in 1854, in 1913, refrigerators for home use were invented. In 1923 Frigidaire introduced the first self-contained unit, the introduction of Freon in the 1920s expanded the refrigerator market during the 1930s. Home freezers as separate compartments were introduced in 1940, frozen foods, previously a luxury item, became commonplace. Freezer units are used in households and in industry and commerce, commercial refrigerator and freezer units were in use for almost 40 years prior to the common home models. Most households use the style, which has been the basic style since the 1940s. A vapor compression cycle is used in most household refrigerators, refrigerator–freezers and freezers, newer refrigerators may include automatic defrosting, chilled water and ice from a dispenser in the door. Domestic refrigerators and freezers for food storage are made in a range of sizes, among the smallest is a 4 L Peltier refrigerator advertised as being able to hold 6 cans of beer. A large domestic refrigerator stands as tall as a person and may be about 1 m wide with a capacity of 600 L. Refrigerators and freezers may be free-standing, the refrigerator allows the modern household to keep food fresh for longer than before. Freezers allow people to buy food in bulk and eat it at leisure, before the invention of the refrigerator, icehouses were used to provide cool storage for most of the year. Placed near freshwater lakes or packed snow and ice during the winter
9.
CBS News Radio
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CBS Radio News, historically known as the CBS Radio Network, provides news to more than 1,000 radio stations throughout the United States. The network is owned by CBS Corporation, it is the last of the three original national U. S. radio networks owned by its parent company. CBS Radio News is one of the programming services distributed by Westwood One, the network is the oldest unit of the CBS Corporation and traces its roots to CBSs predecessor, United Independent Broadcasters, founded in 1927 with 47 affiliates. The next year, Columbia Records invested in the radio network, eventually, Columbia pulled its backing from the struggling web. William S. Paley bought a half-interest in what became the Columbia Broadcasting System in 1928, for more about the networks history, see CBS. Louis, KRLD in Dallas and WCCO in Minneapolis and its offerings include the top-of-the-hour newscasts and the half-hour news updates. In addition to the product, reports and actualities are made available to affiliates on its Newsfeeds. Newsfeeds are subscribed heavily to by WCBS, KYW and other top outlets, among its on-air programs are the CBS News-on-the-Hour and the morning Osgood File features with Charles Osgood. The network is home to the morning and evening editions of the CBS World News Roundup, steve Kathan anchors the morning show, while Bill Whitney hosts the evening edition. The daily Roundup dates back to a special on March 13,1938, each Friday, the network also produces the CBS News Weekend Roundup, a look at the top stories of the week, hosted by Dan Raviv, with a commentary from Charles Grodin. CBS Radio has an impressive list of reporters around the world including Barry Bagnato, Mark Knoller, Pam Coulter, Sabina Castelfranco, Robert Berger, Cami McCormick, Logan also reports for CBS Television, and many TV correspondents also appear on CBS Radio newscasts. In 2009, CBS launched a late night talk program hosted by Jon Grayson. CBS themselves handle the syndication of Graysons show, while syndication for Smerconishs show to non-CBS stations has been outsourced to Dial Global. Graysons show, Overnight America, also entered national syndication via Dial Global on January 30,2012, meanwhile, Smerconish discontinued the morning show in 2011. Three of CBSs television programs are currently simulcast on CBS Radio News, those are Face the Nation,60 Minutes, in addition, the Late Show with David Letterman Top Ten List was also broadcast by the network in a short-form-feature format until the shows conclusion in 2015. Other public-affairs features include CBS Healthwatch with Dr. Emily Senay, Raising Our Kids with WCBS morning anchor Pat Carroll, CBS has since announced plans to launch CBS Sports Radio in fall 2012 through a rival network, Cumulus Media Networks. During the overnight hours, CBSN carries a video simulcast of CBS Radio Newss top-of-the-hour reports, while the networks World News Roundup is the longest-running news show on radio or TV in the U. S. On February 2,2017, CBS Corporation announced that it had agreed to sell its radio unit with Entercom and it was not specified whether or not CBS Radio News was included in the sale
10.
Sid Caesar
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Your Show of Shows and its cast received seven Emmy nominations between the years 1953 and 1954 and tallied two wins. Caesar was considered a comic and actor, as opposed to a stand-up comedian. He also relied more on body language, accents, and facial contortions than simply dialogue, unlike the slapstick comedy which was standard on TV, his style was considered avant garde in the 1950s. He conjured up ideas and scene and used writers to flesh out the concept, among the writers who wrote for Caesar early in their careers were Mel Brooks, Neil Simon, Larry Gelbart, Carl Reiner, Michael Stewart, Mel Tolkin, and Woody Allen. Sids was the show to which all comedy writers aspired and it was the place to be, said Steve Allen. His TV shows subjects included satires of real events and people—and parodies of popular film genres, theater, television shows. But unlike other shows at the time, the dialogue was considered sharper, funnier. Honored in numerous ways over 60 years, he was nominated for 11 Emmy Awards and he was also a saxophonist and author of several books, including two autobiographies in which he described his career and later struggle to overcome years of alcoholism and addiction to barbiturates. Caesar was the youngest of three born to Jewish immigrants living in Yonkers, New York. His father was Max Ziser and his mother was Ida and they likely were from Dąbrowa Tarnowska, Poland. Reports state that the surname Caesar was given to Max, as a child, according to Marian L. Smith, senior historian of the U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Service, there is no case of a name changed at Ellis Island. Max and Ida Caesar ran a restaurant, a 24-hour luncheonette, by waiting on tables, their son learned to mimic the patois, rhythm and accents of the diverse clientele, a technique he termed double-talk, which he used throughout his career. He first tried double-talk with a group of Italians, his head barely reaching above the table, Sid Caesars older brother, David, was his comic mentor and one-man cheering section. They created their earliest family sketches from movies of the day like Test Pilot, at 14, Caesar went to the Catskill Mountains as a saxophonist in the Swingtime Six band with Mike Cifichello and Andrew Galos and occasionally performed in sketches in the Borscht Belt. After graduating from Yonkers High School in 1939, Caesar left home and he arrived in Manhattan and worked as an usher and then a doorman at the Capitol Theater there. Mentored by Don Appel, the social director, Caesar played in the dance band and learned to perform comedy. He audited classes in clarinet and saxophone at the Juilliard School of Music, in 1939, he enlisted in the United States Coast Guard, and was stationed in Brooklyn, New York, where he played in military revues and shows
11.
Your Show of Shows
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Your Show of Shows is a live 90-minute variety show that was broadcast weekly in the United States on NBC from February 25,1950, through June 5,1954, featuring Sid Caesar and Imogene Coca. Other featured performers were Carl Reiner, Howard Morris, Bill Hayes, Judy Johnson, The Hamilton Trio, josé Ferrer made several guest appearances on the series. In 2002, Your Show of Shows was ranked #30 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, in 2013, it was ranked #37 on TV Guides 60 Best Series of All Time. The 90-minute live series was produced by Sylvester Pat Weaver and directed by Max Liebman, Caesar, Coca, and Liebman had worked on Admiral Broadway Revue from January to June 1949. The Chicago portion was dropped at the end of the 1950-51 season, as author Ted Sennett described, stars Caesar, Coca, Carl Reiner, and Howard Morris. appeared in a series of superbly written sketches that poked fun at human foibles and pretensions. Alone onstage, Imogene Coca would make us laugh at a passion-ridden torch singer, or a daffy ballerina, or a sweet, wistful tramp. Together, Caesar and Coca would take us through the hilarious marital tribulations of Doris and Charlie Hickenlooper, Coca recalled, There was a special chemistry to Your Show of Shows, I think, because Max wasnt afraid to throw out material at the last minute. And I think when you do live television — well, we stopped for nothing and we had no cue cards, no TelePrompTers, and no ad-libbing on the air, because Max would have died if anybody had ad-libbed. It would have been utter disgrace, and you would have been drummed out of the corps. Nobody ever forgot a line, and that was the part of it. A common misconception is that Larry Gelbart wrote for Your Show of Shows, in fact, he wrote for its program, Caesars Hour. Likewise, Woody Allen did not write for Your Show of Shows, Carl Reiner has stated that the time he spent on Your Show of Shows was the inspiration for The Dick Van Dyke Show. Your Show of Shows also inspired the 1982 movie My Favorite Year, produced by Mel Brooks, by the 1953-1954 season, even though the ratings had slipped a little, Your Show of Shows remained extremely popular with viewers. However, in the spring of 1954, it was decided to break up the team of Caesar and Coca and, beginning in the fall of 1954. As a result, Your Show Of Shows ended its run on June 5,1954. In 1976, this was followed by a syndicated series. The Paley Center for Media in Manhattan and Beverly Hills, California holds an almost complete set of the series, and a set of master tapes of the 1976 syndicated series. In 2000, a cache of original scripts from the show were found in a closet of producer Max Liebman, the find made the front page of The New York Times
12.
Lights Out (radio show)
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Lights Out is an American old-time radio program devoted mostly to horror and the supernatural. Lights Out was one of the earliest radio programs, predating Suspense. In the fall of 1933, NBC writer Wyllis Cooper conceived the idea of a midnight mystery serial to catch the attention of the listeners at the witching hour. The idea was to offer listeners a dramatic program late at night, at some point, the serial concept was dropped in favor of an anthology format emphasizing crime thrillers and the supernatural. The first series of shows ran on a local NBC station, WENR, at midnight Wednesdays, by April, the series proved successful enough to expand to a half-hour. In January 1935, the show was discontinued in order to ease Coopers workload, after a successful tryout in New York City, the series was picked up by NBC in April 1935 and broadcast nationally, usually late at night and always on Wednesdays. Cooper stayed on the program until June 1936, when another Chicago writer, Arch Oboler, by the time Cooper left, the series had inspired about 600 fan clubs. Coopers run was characterized by grisly stories spiked with dark, tongue-in-cheek humor, though there had been efforts at horror on radio previously, there does not seem to have been anything quite as explicit or outrageous as this on a regular basis. When Lights Out switched to the network, a decision was made to tone down the gore and emphasize tamer fantasy. Only one recording survives from Coopers 1934-1936 run, but his less gruesome scripts were occasionally rebroadcast, an interesting example is his Three Men, which became the series annual Christmas show, it has a plot typical of Coopers gentler fantasies. On the first Christmas after World War I, three Allied officers meet by chance in a compartment and find one another vaguely familiar. They fall asleep and share a dream in which they are the Three Wise Men searching for Jesus, but is it really a dream. In the best tradition of supernatural twist endings, Cooper has the officers wake to find a strange odor in their compartment—which turns out to be myrrh, in the mid-1940s, Coopers decade-old scripts were used for three brief summertime revivals of Lights Out. In one tale, a murderer describes how the Chicago police try to beat a confession out of him, in the final twist, the narrator reveals that he has taken Skeeters advice to commit suicide and is now himself a ghost. The amusing contrast between what the protagonist thinks to himself and what he says out loud to the other characters one of Coopers favorite plot devices. From the summer of 1933 until August 1935, Cooper was NBC Chicagos continuity chief, supervising a staff of writers and he resigned in order to devote more time to Lights Out as well as a daily aviation adventure serial, Flying Time. At various times, he served on NBCs Program Planning Board, wrote the soap opera Betty and Bob. From early 1934 to mid 1936, Cooper produced close to 120 scripts for Lights Out, some episode titles include The Mine of Lost Skulls, Sepulzedas Revenge, Three Lights From a Match, Play Without a Name, and Lost in the Catacombs
13.
Fulton J. Sheen
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Venerable Fulton John Sheen was an American bishop of the Catholic Church known for his preaching and especially his work on television and radio. His cause for canonization as a saint was officially opened in 2002, ordained a priest of the Diocese of Peoria in 1919, Sheen quickly became a renowned theologian, earning the Cardinal Mercier Prize for International Philosophy in 1923. He went on to teach theology and philosophy at The Catholic University of America as well as acting as a parish priest before being appointed Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of New York in 1951. He held this position until 1966 when he was made the Bishop of Rochester from October 21,1966, to October 6,1969, when he resigned and was made the Archbishop of the Titular See of Newport, Wales. For 20 years as Father, later Monsignor, Sheen hosted the radio program The Catholic Hour before moving to television. Sheens final presenting role was on the syndicated The Fulton Sheen Program with a very similar to that of the earlier Life is Worth Living show. For this work, Sheen twice won an Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, starting in 2009, his shows were being re-broadcast on the EWTN and the Trinity Broadcasting Networks Church Channel cable networks. Due to his contribution to televised preaching Sheen is often referred to as one of the first televangelists, Sheen was born in El Paso, Illinois, the oldest of four sons of Newton and Delia Sheen. Though he was known as Fulton, his mothers maiden name, as an infant, Sheen contracted tuberculosis. After the family moved to nearby Peoria, Illinois, Sheens first role in the Church was as a boy at St. Marys Cathedral. After earning high school valedictorian honors at Spalding Institute in Peoria in 1913 and his youthful appearance was still evident on one occasion when a local priest asked Sheen to assist as altar boy during the celebration of the Mass. Sheen earned a Doctor of Philosophy at the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium in 1923 and his thesis was titled, The Spirit of Contemporary Philosophy and the Finite God. While at Leuven, he became the first American ever to win the Cardinal Mercier award for the best philosophical treatise. Sheen was for an assistant to the pastor at St. Patricks Church, Soho Square in London while teaching theology at St. Edmunds College, Ware. Although Oxford and Columbia wanted him to teach philosophy, in 1926 Bishop Edmund Dunne of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Peoria, Illinois, after nine months, Dunne returned him to Catholic University, where he taught philosophy until 1950. In 1929, Sheen gave a speech at the National Catholic Educational Association and he encouraged teachers to educate for a Catholic Renaissance in the United States. Sheen was hoping that Catholics would become influential in their country through education. He believed that Catholics should integrate their faith into the rest of their daily life and he was consecrated a bishop on June 11,1951, and served as an Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of New York from 1951 to 1965
14.
Life Is Worth Living
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Hosted by Bishop Fulton J. Sheen, the series consisted of Sheen speaking to the camera and discussing moral issues of the day, often using blackboard drawings and lists to help explain the topic. When the blackboard was filled he would move to another part of the set, in 1952, DuMont was searching for programming ideas and tried a rotating series of religious programs hosted by a Protestant minister, a Jewish rabbi, or a Catholic bishop. While the other shows did not catch on, the bishop was a hit, found a sponsor in Admiral television sets, prior to Life Is Worth Living, Sheen had appeared on the radio program The Catholic Hour from 1928 to 1952. With his hypnotic gaze, disarming smile, and dramatic delivery, airing opposite NBCs highly popular Milton Berle show on Tuesday nights, Sheen was the only person to give Mr. Television, also known as Uncle Miltie, a run for his money. Sheen drew as many as 10 million viewers each week, Sheen and Berle enjoyed a friendly rivalry. Berle is reported to have joked, We both work for the boss, Sky Chief Supreme, making reference to a grade of gasoline produced by Texaco. Later, when Sheen won an Emmy, Berle quipped, Hes got better writers – Matthew, Mark, Luke, as a take-off on Berles popular nickname with the public, Sheen once opened his program by saying Good evening, this is Uncle Fultie. The charismatic Sheen became one of televisions most unlikely stars. During his acceptance speech he happily borrowed Berles line, crediting his four writers – Matthew, Mark, Luke, Sheen made controversial statements against communism and socialism. Sheen dramatically stated Stalin must one day meet his judgment, one week later, the Russian dictator was dead from a stroke. The show was broadcast on stations across America until 1968. Times had changed, and the 1960s programs did not match the audience of his earlier years, Sheen was later appointed as Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rochester, New York. St. Bernards School of Theology and Ministry in Rochester, New York owns the copyright to the series, the Institute is thought to have the entire series in their archive. Although Kreisler did record a version of classical composition, it was arranged at a faster tempo and was therefore not the version used for the series
15.
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football
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The Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team is the intercollegiate football team representing the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana. The team is coached by Brian Kelly. The team plays its games at the campuss Notre Dame Stadium. One of the most iconic and successful programs in sports, have 13 national championships recognized by the NCAA. With 486 players selected, Notre Dame is second to USC in the number of players chosen by NFL teams in the draft, all Notre Dame home games have been televised on NBC since 1991, and Notre Dame is the only school to have such a contract. It was the only independent program to be part of the Bowl Championship Series coalition and its guaranteed payout and these factors help make Notre Dame one of the most financially valuable football programs in the country, allowing them to remain independent of a conference. Football did not have a beginning at the University of Notre Dame. In their inaugural game on November 23,1887, the Irish lost to Michigan by a score of 8–0 and their first win came in the final game of the 1888 season when the Irish defeated Harvard Prep by a score of 20–0. At the end of the 1888 season they had a record of 1–3 with all three losses being at the hands of Michigan by a score of 43–9. Between 1887 and 1899 Notre Dame compiled a record of 31 wins,15 losses, in 1908, the win over Franklin saw end Fay Wood catch the first touchdown pass in Notre Dame history. By the end of the 1912 season they had amassed a record of 108 wins,31 losses, jesse Harper became head coach in 1913 and remained so until he retired in 1917. During his tenure the Irish began playing only intercollegiate games and posted a record of 34 wins, five losses and this period would also mark the beginning of the rivalry with Army and the continuation of rivalries with Michigan State. In 1913, Notre Dame burst into the consciousness and helped to transform the collegiate game in a single contest. In an effort to respect for a regionally successful but small-time Midwestern football program, Harper scheduled games in his first season with national powerhouses Texas, Penn State. On November 1,1913, the Notre Dame squad stunned the Black Knights of the Hudson 35–13 in a game played at West Point and this game has been miscredited as the invention of the forward pass. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918, under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins,12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp. Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage in NCAA Division I/FBS football history, Rocknes offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme
16.
Maytag
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The Maytag Corporation is an American home and commercial appliance brand owned by Whirlpool Corporation after the April 2006 acquisition of Maytag. The Maytag Washing Machine Company was founded in 1893 by businessman Frederick Maytag, in 1925, the Maytag Washing Machine Company became Maytag, Inc. In the early 1930s, photographer Theodor Horydczak took pictures of the plant, during the Great Depression of the 1930s, the company was one of the few to actually make a profit in successive years. In 1938, Maytag provoked strikes by the workers because of a 10% pay cut. The company was able to beat the strike because of the intervention of four companies, including a machine gun company, of the 113th Cavalry Regiment. At his fathers death in 1940, Fred Maytag II, grandson of the founder, during World War II, the company participated in war production by making special components for military equipment. In 1946, production of washing machines was resumed, in 1949, in 1946, Maytag began marketing a separate line of ranges and refrigerators made by other companies under the Maytag name. During the Korean War, the company again produced parts for military equipment, during the 1950s, the white goods, or laundry and kitchen appliance industry, grew rapidly. Maytag first entered the laundry field at this time, manufacturing washers and dryers for commercial self-service laundries. In response, other full-line appliance producers began to compete with Maytag in the consumer market. These included full-line manufacturers such as Whirlpool, General Electric, and Frigidaire, who not only washing machines and dryers, but also refrigerators, stoves. The company capitalized on its reputation by renaming its corporate address in Newton, Iowa, One Dependability Square. Upon the death of Fred Maytag II, the last family member involved in the management, E. G. Higdon was named president of the company, with George M. Umbreit becoming chairman. After the companys acquisition of Magic Chef, Inc. in 1986, a move which nearly doubled its size, in 1989 Maytag acquired Chicago Pacific Corporation. Chicago Pacific Corporation owned Hoover US and Hoover UK as well as Thomasville Brand Furniture, Maytag quickly sold off the Thomasville Furniture brand. Maytag Corporation, led by Chairman Daniel Krumm, next planned to make Maytag a worldwide organization, the UK part of Hoover was to help Maytag expand into Europe. Hoover UK was not doing well financially and offered customers a round-trip ticket anywhere if they purchased a vacuum and this campaign cost the corporation $50 million to settle. Subsequently Maytag sold off Hoover UK and this was a huge setback for the amount of cash Maytag had in hand and thus started the downward spiral financially
17.
Milwaukee Admirals
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The Milwaukee Admirals are a professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. They play in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Panther Arena and they have been affiliated with the NHLs Nashville Predators since that teams founding in 1998. The Admirals first took to the ice in the winter of 1970 as a club known as the Milwaukee Wings. They lost their first game on January 25 when the Madison All-Stars beat them 17–7 and they got their first win five days later when they defeated the Milwaukee Winter Club 10–8. The next year the team was sold by the original owner Reed Fansher to a group of investors, one of the investors, Erwin J. Merar, owned an appliance store. The team was renamed the Admirals after a brand of household appliances sold in Merars store, beginning with the 1973–74 season the Admirals joined the newly formed United States Hockey League. Their first season in a league was not particularly successful as they ended the season in last place in their division and they won only 11 games, lost 35, and tied two games that season. The Admirals won the USHL league championship in 1976, winning seven games in the leagues playoffs. In the off-season, the team was purchased by former Chicago Blackhawks announcer Lloyd Pettit and his wife, for the 1977–78 season the Admirals joined the International Hockey League as the USHL was becoming a strictly amateur league. The Admirals appeared in the IHLs Turner Cup finals only once and they stayed a part of the IHL until it joined the American Hockey League for the 2001–02 season when the IHL ceased operations. Five other IHL franchises also joined the AHL that season, in the 2015-16 season, Norfolk moved to the AHLs Pacific Division as the newest incarnation of the San Diego Gulls. They won their first Calder Cup in 2004 when they defeated the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins, prior to the finals, Milwaukee needed seven games to defeat the Cincinnati Mighty Ducks in the first round. Then the Admirals defeated the Chicago Wolves in six games to advance to the conference finals, the Admirals then eliminated the Rochester Americans four games to one. Milwaukee went on to sweep the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins to win the Calder Cup, the Admirals completed a rare postseason run in which they needed one fewer games to eliminate their opponents in each subsequent series. The Admirals were purchased in June 2005 by a group of investors, led by Harris J. Turer, including Milwaukee Brewers owner Mark Attanasio, assistant general manager Gord Ash, and pitcher Ben Sheets. The Brewers subsequently became the uniform sponsor of the Admirals. The Admirals won their division title as a member of the American Hockey League in 2006. To their disappointment, the Admirals would lose 4–2 to the Hershey Bears, on 1 August 2006, the Admirals unveiled their newest logo to the public at the Henry Maier Festival Park
18.
Montgomery Ward
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Montgomery Ward was the name of two historically distinct American retail enterprises. It can refer either to the mail order and department store retailer. Montgomery Ward was founded by Aaron Montgomery Ward in 1872, Ward had conceived of the idea of a dry goods mail-order business in Chicago, Illinois, after several years of working as a traveling salesman among rural customers. He observed that rural customers often wanted city goods, but their access to them was through rural retailers who had little competition. He and two partners used $1,600 they had raised in capital and issued their first catalog in August 1872 and it consisted of an 8 in ×12 in single-sheet price list, listing 163 items for sale with ordering instructions for which Ward had written the copy. His two partners left the year, but he continued the struggling business and was joined by his future brother-in-law. In the first few years, the business was not well received by rural retailers, considering Ward a threat, they sometimes publicly burned his catalog. Customers were also inspired by the innovative and unprecedented company policy of satisfaction guaranteed or your money back, Ward turned the copy writing over to department heads, but he continued poring over every detail in the catalog for accuracy. In 1883, the catalog, which became popularly known as the Wish Book, had grown to 240 pages and 10,000 items. In 1896, Wards encountered its first serious competition in the mail order business, in 1900, Wards had total sales of $8.7 million, compared to $10 million for Sears, and both companies would struggle for dominance during much of the 20th century. By 1904, the company had expanded as such that it mailed three million catalogs, weighing 4 lb each, to customers, in 1908, the company opened a 1. 25-million-square-foot building stretching along nearly one-quarter mile of the Chicago River, north of downtown Chicago. The building, known as the Montgomery Ward & Co, catalog House, served as the company headquarters until 1974, when the offices moved across the street to a new tower designed by Minoru Yamasaki. The catalog house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1978, in the decades before 1930, Montgomery Ward built a network of large distributions centers across the country in Baltimore, Fort Worth, Kansas City, St. Paul, Portland, and Oakland. In most cases, these concrete structures were the largest industrial structures in their respective locations. The Baltimore Montgomery Ward Warehouse and Retail Store was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000, Ward died in 1913, after 41 years running the catalog business. Thorne, died in 1917, and was succeeded by Robert J. Thorne, Robert Thorne retired in 1920 due to ill health. In 1926, the company broke with its mail-order-only tradition when it opened its first retail store in Plymouth. It continued to operate its business while pursuing an aggressive campaign to build retail outlets in the late-1920s
19.
Zenith Electronics
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Zenith Electronics LLC is an American brand of consumer electronics owned by South Korean company LG Electronics. It was previously an American company, a manufacturer of radio and television receivers and other consumer electronics, after a series of layoffs, the consolidated headquarters moved to Lincolnshire, Illinois. For many years, their famous slogan was The quality goes in before the name goes on, LG Electronics acquired a controlling share of Zenith in 1995, Zenith became a wholly owned subsidiary in 1999. Zenith was the inventor of television and the modern remote control. Zenith-branded products are sold in North America, Germany, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, India, the company was co-founded by Ralph Matthews and Karl Hassel in Chicago, Illinois as Chicago Radio Labs in 1918 as a small producer of amateur radio equipment. The name Zenith came from ZNth, a contraction of its founders ham radio call sign and they were joined in 1921 by Eugene F. McDonald, and Zenith Radio Company was formally incorporated in 1923. Zenith introduced the first portable radio in 1924, the first mass-produced AC radio in 1926 and it added automobile radios in the 1930s with its Model 460, promoting the fact that it needed no separate generator or battery, selling at US$59.95. The first Zenith television set appeared in 1939, with its first commercial sets sold to the public in 1948, the company is credited with having invented such things as the wireless remote control and FM multiplex stereo. In fact, Zenith established one of the very first FM stations in the country in 1940, the station was sold in the early 1970s and is now WUSN. They were also one of the first American manufacturers to market a home VCR, the 1962 Illinois Manufacturers Directory lists Zenith Radio Corporation as having a total of 11,000 employees of which at least 6,460 were employed in seven Chicago plants. The corporate office was in plant number 1 located at 6001 West Dickens Avenue where 2,500 workers made radio and television sets and Hi-Fi stereophonic phonographs. Plant number 2 was located at 1500 North Kostner Ave. where 2,100 employees made government electronics, radio and television components, transistors, plant number 3 was located at 5801 West Dickens Ave. where 300 employees made electronics and servicing. Plant number 4 was located at 3501 West Potomac Ave. where 60 employees performed warehousing, plant number 5 located at 6501 West Grand Ave. employed 500-600 workers who made government hi-fi equipment. A subsidiary of Zenith, the Rauland Corporation located at 4245 North Knox Ave. employed 850 workers who made television picture tubes. The other Zenith subsidiary in Chicago was Central Electronics, Incorporated located at 1247 West Belmont Ave. where 100 employees made amateur radio equipment and performed auditory training. In December,1970, National Union Electric sued most of the Japanese television manufacturers for violation of the Anti-Dumping Act, during the pendency of that suit, Zenith Radio Corporation encountered increasing financial difficulty as their marketing share progressively went to Japanese companies. Zenith joined two United States companies Sears, Roebuck and Co. and Motorola, Inc. as co-plaintiffs, the NUE suit was transferred to the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and the two suits were consolidated for pretrial proceedings and trial. The suit, styled In re Japanese Electric Products Antitrust Litigation, by the end of 1983, Zenith had spent millions of dollars in connection with the litigation
20.
AOC International
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AOC International is a multinational electronics company headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan, and a subsidiary of TPV Technology. It designs and produces a range of IPS and TFT monitors as well as LCD TVs. In 1978, Admiral Overseas Corporation was renamed AOC International, direct Marketing under the AOC brand name began in 1979. From 1988 to 1997, AOC established its sales offices in United States, China, Europe, AOC was launched in India and Mexico in 2005 and 2006 respectively. Today AOC products including CRT & LCD monitors, LCD TVs, All in One units, AOC History,1934 - Admiral was founded in Chicago, Illinois by Ross Siragusa. 1947 - Admiral company and brand established in USA, one of the first to produce color television sets,1951 - Admiral sold 5 million television sets. 1967 - Admiral Overseas Corporation was established in Taiwan, 1st manufacturer of color televisions for export,1978 - Admiral Overseas Corporation was renamed to AOC International. 1979 - Started direct marketing under AOC brand name,1982 - AOC brand was registered worldwide. 1988 to 1997 - AOC established sales offices in United States, China, Europe,1999 to 2001 - AOC entered the display markets in New Zealand and Australia. 2005 - AOC was launched in India,2006 - AOC was launched in Mexico. 2007 to 2009 - AOC is selling in more than 40 countries globally, products include CRT & LCD monitors, LCD TVs, in 2006, AOC was selected in Info 200 Company – top 200 in technology, Brazil. AOC ranked Top 3 in monitor category in “2007 Best Brands Survey” by PC World in Brazil, same year AOC received “Fast growing company in LCD monitors market” from CCID Consulting in China. AOC was ranked 33 of Global Top 50 CE Brands by IDG in CES Daily magazine in 2008, AOC also received “Consumers’ Brand of Choice” by China Computer Users Association in 2008. The same year AOC received Best in Hardware IT Monitors in Brazil, in 2009, AOC was awarded as Power Brand Malaysia 2009. Over the years AOC products have won design awards including the prestigious Red Dot Design Award in 2008. In 2007 and 2008 several awards were conferred to AOC products in India by Digit & Chip magazines, list of companies of Taiwan Official website
21.
Arthur A. Collins
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Arthur Andrews Collins first gained national recognition as a teenager for significant advances in radio communication, and later founded his own radio engineering and manufacturing company in 1933. Rapidly expanding during World War II, Collins Radio Co, widely considered a genius in electronics innovation, he shunned personal publicity and is relatively little known today, even within the electronics community. Arthur A. Collins was born in Kingfisher, Oklahoma to Merle H. Collins, the family moved to Cedar Rapids, Iowa when Arthur was 7. This novel approach was successful but faltered as the Great Depression hit. His son Arthur was intensely interested in radio, became an amateur radio operator at age 14. Arthur Collins became expert in design and wave propagation, publishing several articles in specialty journals. Collins became friends with fellow amateur radio hams, including John Reinartz, within the radio spectrum only longer waves were thought to be refracted by the atmosphere, allowing long distance communication at night, but not so the shorter wavelength relegated to amateurs. Reinartz and Collins discovered that such skip did occur in the 20 meter range and during daytime, a young Arthur Collins attic ham station, his radio communication was a critical link to the outside world for the 1925 MacMillan Expedition to the subarctic. Arthur Collins graduated from school in Cedar Rapids and attended college at Amherst in Massachusetts. He never obtained a degree, but rather took courses at the University of Iowa and his own studies, and research done during the early years of his own company, typically outpaced advances in electronics coursework in academia. Yet he valued education, promoting programs for his employees to further their education. In 1930 Arthur Collins married Margaret Van Dyke in Cedar Rapids, a noted artist within her community and they had two children, Susan, born in 1939, and Michael, born in 1943. Margaret died suddenly of a hemorrhage in 1955. Arthur remarried in 1957, to Mary Margaret Meis, assistant director of dietetics at Mercy Hospital and they had two sons, Alan, born 1963, and David, born 1966. Arthur Collins maintained two residences, one in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and another in Dallas, Texas, Collins also kept his boat, a 70-foot custom-built fiberglass yacht, The Peregrine, in Newport Beach, California. This was his office and home during visits to the Newport Beach facility, Collins founded Collins Radio Co. in 1933, building high quality amateur and commercial transmitters. With recognition from success with the MacMillan expedition, Collins equipment was selected for the Byrd Expedition to the Antarctic, beginning manufacturing in his basement, Arthur Collins soon rented building space and eventually constructed the first Collins Radio factory in Cedar Rapids in 1940. At this time the company had sales of about $500,000 and 150 employees, Collins Radio was recognized for excellence in design and manufacture of amateur and commercial transmitters and receivers, and began building aircraft radios in 1935
22.
Draper Corporation
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The Draper Corporation was once the largest maker of power looms for the textile industry in the United States. It operated in Hopedale, Massachusetts for more than 130 years and his great-great grandfather, James Draper had landed in Boston from England in 1650, and was one of the first men in the American colonies to engage in the business of weaving and selling cloth. The improvement allowed a weaver to run two power looms instead of one and its labor-saving feature appealed to Ira, and he decided to push its sale to weavers in the area. In 1829 he took out a patent for an improvement on his original invention, in 1830 he sold his patents and the business to his eldest son, James of Wayland, Massachusetts. Ebenezer, a brother, bought the business in 1837, and later moved it from Wayland to Uxbridge, Massachusetts. In 1841, Ebenezer moved the company to nearby Hopedale, Massachusetts, known as “Fraternal Community No. 1” it was a communal association determined to create an ideal society. Hopedale was one of the most successful experiments of the era. Another brother George came to Hopedale in 1853 to join his brother in the firm of E. D, a year later he bought an interest in the new Dutcher temple, then made in North Bennington, Vermont. The Dutcher temple was an improvement on previous models, two years later, the two companies would combine forces at Hopedale and become known as W. W. Dutcher & Company. This would be the first of several industries to be located in Hopedale within the next dozen years, & George Draper became managers and agents. Among the others were the Hopedale Machine Company and Hopedale Furnace Company, Ebenezer D. Draper retired in 1868. Over the 42 years that he was with the company, he patented many inventions that had improved the art of textile weaving, between 1868 and 1887 George Draper became the leader and driving force behind the company started by his father years before. After Ebenezers retirement in 1868, the company ventured into and made improvements the developing sector of Ring Spinning, by 1887 George Draper owned the patent rights or controlled the sale of 12 named varieties of ring spindles. Draper also made improvements to warpers and spoolers in this period, in 1886, the three Draper Brothers of the third generation, still doing business at George Draper & Son were ready to increase their part in the loom field. They decided to undertake the design and manufacture of an automatic loom, there had been many patents of automatic devices but not one of them had ever proved practical, nor was any of them in successful operation anywhere. The company developed two shuttle-changing looms, the Rhoades in 1888 and the Northrop in 1889, the prototypes were given field tests at the Seaconnett Mills in Fall River, Massachusetts with encouraging results. The Northrop was named after its inventor, James H. Northrop who had emigrated from Keighley, Yorkshire, Northrop conceived the idea of forcing the spent bobbin through and out of the shuttle and replacing it with fresh bobbin. Further developments were made, and in 1894, eight years after beginning their venture, in August 1894, the first Northrop Looms to be sold to a mill were shipped from Hopedale to Queen City Cotton Mills at Burlington, Vermont
23.
Northrop Loom
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The Northrop Loom was a fully automatic power loom marketed by George Draper and Sons, Hopedale, Massachusetts beginning in 1895. It was named after James Henry Northrop who invented the shuttle-charging mechanism, James Henry Northrop, was born in Keighley, West Yorkshire in the United Kingdom, where he worked in the textile industry. He emigrated to Boston, Massachusetts in 1881, Northrop worked as a mechanic and foreman, for George Draper and Sons. There he invented a spooler guide and he left and tried to be a chicken farmer, but was unsuccessful. It was at time that he invented a shuttle-charger. Otis Draper saw a model of the device on March 5,1889, Draper was also developing the Rhoades shuttle-charger. Northrop was given a loom to test his idea, by May 20 he concluded that his first idea was not practical, and thought of another idea, On July 5, the completed loom was running, and as it seemed to have more advantages than the Rhoades loom. The Northrop device was given a trial in October 1889 at the Seaconnett Mills in Fall River. More looms were constructed and tested at Seaconnett later in 1889, meanwhile, Northrop invented a self-threading shuttle and shuttle spring jaws to hold a bobbin by means of rings on the butt. This paved the way to his battery of 1891, the basic feature of the Northrop loom. Northrop was responsible for several hundred weaving related patents, other members of the Draper organization had developed a workable warp stop motion which was also included. The first Northrop looms were marketed in 1894, Northrop retired to California two years later when he was 42. The principal advantage of the Northrop loom was that it was automatic, when a warp thread broke. When the shuttle ran out of thread, Northrops mechanism ejected the depleted pirn, a loom operative could work 16 or more looms whereas previously they could only operate eight. Thus, the labour cost was halved, Mill owners had to decide whether the labour saving was worth the capital investment in a new loom. By 1900, Draper had sold over 60,000 Northrop looms and were shipping 1,500 a month, were employing 2,500 men, in all 700,000 looms were sold. By 1914, Northrop looms made up 40% of American looms, however, in the United Kingdom labour costs were not as significant and Northrop had only 2% of the British market. Greg bought 94 looms and output increased from 2.31 lbs/man-hr in 1900, labour costs decreased from 0. 9d per pound to 0. 3d per lb
24.
Rockwell Automation
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Rockwell Automation, Inc. is an American provider of industrial automation and information products. Brands include Allen-Bradley and Rockwell Software, headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Rockwell Automation employs over 22,000 people and has customers in more than 80 countries worldwide. The Fortune 500 company reported $6.35 billion in sales during fiscal 2013, Rockwell Automation traces its history to 1903 and the formation of the Compression Rheostat Company, founded by Lynde Bradley and Dr. Stanton Allen with an initial investment of $1000. In 1904, 19-year-old Harry Bradley joined his brother in the business, the company’s first patented product was a carbon disc compression-type motor controller for industrial cranes. The crane controller was demonstrated at the St. Louis World’s Fair in 1904, in 1909, the company was renamed the Allen-Bradley Company. Allen-Bradley expanded rapidly during World War I in response to government-contracted work and its product line grew to include automatic starters and switches, circuit breakers, relays and other electric equipment. In 1914, Fred Loock established the company’s first sales office in New York, upon co-founder Stanton Allen’s death in 1916, Lynde Bradley became president. Harry Bradley was appointed president and attorney Louis Quarles was named corporate secretary. In 1918 Allen-Bradley hired its first female factory worker, Julia Bizewski Polczynski, during the 1920s, the company grew its miniature rheostat business to support the burgeoning radio industry. By the middle of decade, nearly 50 percent of the company’s sales were attributed to the radio department. The decade closed with record sales of $3 million. By 1932, the Great Depression had taken its toll and the posted record losses. Amid growing economic pressure, Allen-Bradley reduced its workforce from 800 to 550, to lessen the financial burden, Lynde and Harry Bradley implemented a unique program, the company replaced employees’ lost wages with preferred stock. Eventually, the bought back all stock at six percent interest. Throughout this period, Lynde Bradley supported a research and development approach intended to “develop the company out of the Depression. ”Lynde Bradley’s R&D strategy was successful. By 1937, Allen-Bradley employment had rebounded to levels and company sales reached an all-time high of nearly $4 million. Following the death of Lynde Bradley in 1942, Harry Bradley became company president, the Lynde Bradley Foundation, a charitable trust, was established with Lynde Bradley’s assets. The foundation’s first gift of $12,500 was made to Milwaukee’s Community Fund, World War II fueled unprecedented levels of production, with 80 percent of the company’s orders being war-related
25.
Allen-Bradley
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Allen-Bradley is the brand-name of a line of Factory Automation Equipment manufactured by Rockwell Automation. The company, with revenues of approximately US$6, Rockwell Automation also provides asset-management services including repair and consulting. Rockwell Automations headquarters is in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the Allen-Bradley Clock Tower is a Milwaukee landmark featuring the largest four-sided clock in the western hemisphere. The company was founded in 1903 as the Compression Rheostat Company by Dr. Stanton Allen, in 1910 the firm was renamed Allen-Bradley Company, for close to the next century it provided the bulk of discrete resistors used for electronics and other products. In 1952 it opened a subsidiary in Galt, Ontario, Canada, in 1985 a company record was set as the fiscal year ended with $1 billion in sales. In February 1985, Rockwell International purchased Allen-Bradley for $1.651 billion, for all intents and purposes, Allen-Bradley took over Rockwells industrial automation division. Rockwell eventually moved its headquarters to Milwaukee, in 2002, when Rockwell split into two companies, Allen-Bradley followed the automation division into Rockwell Automation
26.
Rockwell Collins
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Arthur Collins founded Collins Radio Company in 1933 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. It designed and produced both shortwave radio equipment and equipment for the burgeoning AM Broadcast industry, Collins was solicited by the military, the scientific community and by the larger AM radio stations for special equipment. Collins supplied the equipment to establish a link with the South Pole expedition of Rear Admiral Richard Byrd in 1933. In 1936, Collins had begun production of the 12H audio console, 12X portable field announcers box, throughout World War II, the 212A1 and 212B1 replaced the 12H design. Collins became the supplier of radio and navigation equipment used in the military. In the post war years, the Collins Radio Company expanded its work in all phases of the field while broadening its technology. This moved Arthur Collins into an active role as CEO guiding department leaders holding significant responsibilities. New developments such as flight instruments, radio communication devices. Collins communications equipment was used for Projects Mercury, Gemini and Apollo, in 1973, the U. S. Skylab Program used Collins equipment to provide communication from the astronauts to earth. After facing financial difficulties, the Collins Radio Company was purchased by Rockwell International in 1973, in 2001 the avionics division of Rockwell International was spun off to form the current Rockwell Collins, Inc. retaining its name. Rockwell Collins is highly concentrated in the defense and commercial avionics markets, the Collins mechanical filter is still in production and does, however, find consumer and commercial use. On December 20,2000, Rockwell Collins expanded its services to commercial, on April 28,2000, Rockwell International Corp and its Rockwell Collins unit agreed to acquire Sony Corps Sony Trans Com for undisclosed terms. The company has acquired companies, including Hughes-Avicoms in-flight entertainment business, Sonys in-flight entertainment business. NLX in 2003, portions of Evans & Sutherland, TELDIX GmbH, IP Unwired, Air Routing International in 2010, Computing Technologies for Aviation in 2011, and ARINC in 2014. The company is among the suppliers of in-flight entertainment on board aircraft. Rockwell Collins key competitors in this industry include Panasonic Avionics Corporation, Thales Group, as of 2010, the company employs over 20,000 people and has an annual turnover of 4.665 billion US dollars. Its non-executive chairman is Anthony Carbone following the retirement of Clayton M. Jones, in September 2012, Kelly Ortberg was appointed as president of the company. In August 2013, Kelly Ortberg was appointed CEO of Rockwell Collins, in 2016, Rockwell Collins entered the cabin interiors market through acquisition of B/E Aerospace for $8.3 billion
27.
AN/ART-13
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The AN/ART-13 was a radio transmitter manufactured by Collins Radio that found widespread use during and after World War II in military aircraft. In 1940 the Collins Radio Company designed a new transmitter for the US Navy. The transmitter, Navy designation ATC, was later re-designated under the Joint Army-Navy system as T-47/ART-13, the Army Air Force adopted a slightly improved version as the T-47A/ART-13, most made by Stewart-Warner. The USAAF matched the AN/ART-13A with the BC-348 receiver, whose -R, the resulting communications system was known as the AN/ARC-8 and was the liaison radio set on many larger USAAF aircraft beginning late in World War II. Some were still in service in the early 1970s, the earlier AN/ART-13 was widely used in post-World War II Navy aircraft, being paired up post-World War II with the Navys AN/ARR-15 auto-tune receiver. The resulting communications system was known as the AN/ARC-25 and its replacement began with the Collins AN/ARC-38 AM transceiver in the early 1950s, which in turn was upgraded to the AN/ARC-38A USB transceiver in the late 1950s. The Russians made nearly exact copies of the AN/ART-13 transmitter for use on their military aircraft and it is thought that they obtained AN/ART-13 units from battle damaged B-29 bombers that landed in Russia during World War II. It was well known that the Russians copied the B-29 bomber calling their version the Tu-4, enola Gay, the B-29 Superfortress bomber that dropped Little Boy, the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan was equipped with the AN/ARC-8 combination. The AN/ART-13 is used today by ham radio operators interested in restoring and operating historic military gear and it is often paired with a BC-348 military receiver of World War II vintage or the later AN/ARR-15 autotuned receiver of postwar vintage. The AN/ART-13 operated in CW, MCW and AM modes and covered LF, MF and it had ten autotuned VFO tuned channels that could be preset. Post-war modifications by COMCO and other companies added crystal frequency control capability and were approved for use on civil airliners, power output was approximately 100 watts using an 813 vacuum tube as the final amplifier. Under favorable atmospheric conditions communications could be established between aircraft and ground stations separated by thousands of miles, aRC-5 BC-348 BC-654 Collins Radio R-390A Wireless Set No.19 Vintage amateur radio Signal Corps Radio
28.
B/E Aerospace
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B/E Aerospace, Inc. is an S&P400 and NASDAQ listed manufacturer of aircraft passenger cabin interior products for the commercial and business jet aircraft markets. Based in Wellington, Florida, the company was capitalized as a $4.2 billion corporation as of January 2016, b/E’s history has been one of multiple acquisitions coupled with strong internal growth. On June 1,2005, Air Canada awarded a contract to Florida-based B/E Aerospace Inc. to upgrade seating in 143 aircraft. In 2012, B/Es ALCI division became the source for all future lavatories on new build Boeing 737 aircraft. Introducing their patented Spacewall lavatory, airlines can take advantage of space provided to add up to 6 passenger seats per aircraft, Delta Air Lines was the launch customer, with the first aircraft delivery on 9/27/2013. In December 2014, B/E announced that it had completed the spin-off of its aerospace fasteners and consumables business, creating KLX, Inc. B/E Aerospace was bought for $6.4 billion by the avionics and aircraft connectivity provider Rockwell Collins based in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, which competes with Honeywell and more recently with Garmin. B/E shareholders would own 20% of the new Rockwell which would have $8.1 billion in revenues, the company is a major provider of airline seats to many airlines worldwide. Some significant customers include United Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Emirates Airlines, Qatar Airways, Air France, KLM, Lufthansa, Qantas, Japan Airlines, B/E Aerospace also manufactures beverage makers, ovens, oxygen systems, lavatories and interior lighting for commercial aircraft and business jets. B/E Aerospaces Interior Structures division based in Leighton Buzzard UK, manufactures and supplies galley monuments for the Airbus A350, B/E had identified a repair in February 2006. Boeing then issued a Special Attention Service Bulletin to inspect and if necessary repair the masks in April 2007, the directives only require action by April 2013 unless already done. List of companies in the United States List of S&P400 companies Official website Official website BE Aerospace SEC Filings
29.
R-390A
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The R-390A /URR is a general coverage HF radio communications receiver designed by Collins Radio Company for the US military. The R-390A military shortwave radio receiver was the result of a project undertaken by the U. S. Army Signal Corps in 1954 to replace the existing R-390 receiver then in use. The R-390 had done its job so well that the Corps decided continued use of type of receiver necessitated an improved. There are many references to the R390A in the open literature during this period, total production of the R-390A is over 55,000 units. Initial production started in 1955 and ran through approximately 1970, the R-390A is a general coverage radio receiver capable of receiving amplitude modulated, code, and frequency shift keying signals. Its tuning range is from 500 kilohertz to 32 megahertz, in 32 one-megahertz bands, the circuit is the superheterodyne type, double conversion above 8 MHz, below which triple conversion is used. It employs 26 vacuum tubes, a larger than normal count for most general-coverage receivers, the receiver weighs 85 pounds and can be operated on 120 volt or 240 volt supplies. It fits neatly into a 10.5 inch-tall standard 19 inch equipment rack, tuning of the R-390As radio frequency and intermediate frequency front end is synchronized by means of an ingenious mechanical system of racks, gears, and cams. When the front panel tuning controls are rotated, this system raises and lowers ferrite slugs in and this ensures that all front-end circuits are tracked, meaning all circuits are tuned to the correct frequency to maintain excellent selectivity and sensitivity. The receivers construction is modular for easy servicing, each major area of the receiver is contained in easily removable subassemblies, and these can be repaired or replaced as needs be. Though the R-390A is mechanically and electrically complex, alignment and servicing were designed to follow simplified procedures published by the Signal Corps, the R-390A was deployed to most branches of the US military and remained in general use through the 1980s. The last major update to its documentation was in 1984, as the military procured newer receivers, many R-390As were released to surplus while others were destroyed. Some receivers were retained by the services, however, when they found that the R-390As vacuum tube circuitry could easily survive an electromagnetic pulse. There are reports, possibly apocryphal, that R-390A receivers are still in use aboard U. S. Navy submarines since the receiver can withstand the strong radio frequency fields found aboard ship. There is a wealth of information, both printed and electronic, devoted to R-390A restoration and maintenance, as the R-390A is widely considered an example of the best of vacuum tube technology. ART13 transmitter ARC-5 BC-348 BC-654 Collins Radio Hammarlund super pro National HRO Vintage amateur radio Sherwood Engineerings HF Receiver Performance Specs, the R-390A/URR Archive on the Web. Couillard, L. W, Cost Reduction Program for Radio Receivers R-390, cedar Rapids, Iowa, Collins Radio Company,1952 United States Department of the Army, Technical Manual TM-11-5820-358-35, Radio Receiver R-390A/URR. Washington, DC, Government Printing Office,1961
30.
North American Aviation
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Through a series of mergers and sales, North American Aviation became part of North American Rockwell, which later became Rockwell International and is now part of Boeing. Clement Melville Keys founded North American on December 6,1928, as a company that bought and sold interests in various airlines. However, the Air Mail Act of 1934 forced the breakup of such holding companies, North American became a manufacturing company, run by James H. Dutch Kindelberger, who had been recruited from Douglas Aircraft Company. NAA did retain ownership of Eastern Air Lines until 1938, General Motors Corporation took a controlling interest in NAA and merged it with its general aviation division in 1933, but retained the name North American Aviation. Its first planes were the GA-15 observation plane and the GA-16 trainer, followed by the O-47 and BT-9, the BC-1 of 1937 was North Americans first combat aircraft, it was based on the GA-16. In 1940, like other manufacturers, North American started gearing up for war, opening factories in Columbus, Ohio, Dallas, Texas, North American ranked eleventh among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. North Americans follow-on to the BT-9 was the T-6 Texan trainer, of which 17,000 were built, the twin-engine B-25 Mitchell bomber achieved fame in the Doolittle Raid and was used in all combat theaters of operation. The P-51 Mustang was initially produced for Britain as an alternative to the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, the derivative A-36 Apache was developed as a ground attack aircraft and dive bomber. Post-war, North Americans employment dropped from a high of 91,000 to 5,000 in 1946, on V-J Day, North American had orders from the U. S. government for 8,000 aircraft. A few months later, that had dropped to 24, two years later in 1948, General Motors divested NAA as a public company. The Buckeyes name would be an acknowledgment to the tree of Ohio. The North American F-86 Sabre started out as a redesigned Fury and its successor, the North American F-100 Super Sabre, was also popular. Some 6,656 F-86s were produced in the United States, to accommodate its Sabre production, North American opened facilities in a former Curtiss-Wright plant in Columbus, Ohio. It also moved into a former Consolidated-Vultee Aircraft plant at Downey, California, by the end of 1952, North American sales topped $315 million. Employment at the Columbus plant grew from 1,600 in 1950 to 18,000 in 1952, Atomics International was a division of North American Aviation which began as the Atomic Energy Research Department at the Downey plant in 1948. In 1955, the department was renamed Atomics International and engaged principally in the development of nuclear technology. Atomics International was eventually merged with the Rocketdyne division in 1978, autonetics began in 1945 at North Americans Technical Research Laboratory, a small unit in the Los Angeles Divisions engineering department based in Downey, California. The division was involved in the development of systems for the Minuteman ballistic missile system
31.
Atomics International
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Both efforts were successful, despite nuclear accidents at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory, but overall interest in nuclear power steadily declined. The division transitioned to non-nuclear energy-related projects such as coal gasification, Atomics International was eventually merged with another division of the same parent company. Following World War II, the potential of nuclear power captured the interest of the United States Government, in 1948, North American Aviation created an internal organization called the Atomic Energy Research Department to manage its government and commercial nuclear research and development activities. In 1955, the AERD was renamed the Atomics International division of North American Aviation, Atomics International decided sodium was a more appropriate nuclear reactor coolant than water. Sodium was chosen because it has excellent heat transfer properties, has a low operating pressure at typical reactor temperatures, when used as a coolant for a nuclear reactor, water requires heavy piping since at the high reactor temperatures, water is kept under pressure. In the event of an accident, the breach of the high temperature water system necessitates a special containment vessel to capture the released pressure. On July 12,1957 the Sodium Reactor Experiment became the first nuclear reactor in the United States to produce power for a commercial power grid by powering the nearby city of Moorpark. Atomics International personnel repaired the reactor which was restarted in September,1960, the Piqua reactor was a 45.5 MWe organically moderated and cooled reactor while Hallam was a liquid metal cooled reactor using metallic sodium with graphite as the moderator. Both Hallam and Piqua were beset by problems and operated only a few years before being permanently shut down. Development of a nuclear reactor for the Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power program largely coincided with Atomic International’s Sodium Reactor Experiment effort. In the mid-1950s, Atomics International was chosen as the contractor to the U. S. Government for the development of the compact SNAP nuclear reactor. The number of specialized facilities located at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory rapidly increased, following the successful 1965 launch of the SNAP 10A reactor, the U. S. Government canceled the program leaving a number of government–owned facilities at the site. In 1966, the Liquid Metal Information Center was established by the U. S. Department of Energy as their center of liquid metal-related research, the ETEC reused many of the buildings formerly used in the SNAP program. Atomics International also engaged in a number of commercial projects, Atomics International built and operated the Atomics International Hot Lab at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory. Atomics International also developed a coal gasification process using molten salt technology, as time passed, nuclear research and development activities steadily declined. As a result of decline, Atomics International was organizationally combined with other Rockwell International operations to become the Energy Systems Group in 1978. The remaining Atomics International business operations were merged into the Rocketdyne division of Rockwell International in 1984 when the Energy Systems Group was ended, Nuclear research programs and operations ceased in 1989 and all non-nuclear research ended in 1998. Rockwell International sold the Rocketdyne division to The Boeing Company in 1996, in 2005, Boeing sold Rocketdyne to United Technologies Corporation who combined it with an existing division and renamed them Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne
32.
Rocketdyne
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Rocketdyne was an American rocket engine design and production company headquartered in Canoga Park, located in the western San Fernando Valley of suburban Los Angeles, in southern California. The Rocketdyne Division was founded by North American Aviation in 1955, in 2005, the Rocketdyne Division was sold to United Technologies Corporation, becoming Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne as part of Pratt & Whitney. In 2013, Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne was sold to GenCorp, after World War II, North American Aviation was contracted by the Defense Department to study the German V-2 missile and adapt its engine to SAE measurements and U. S. construction details. NAA also used the general concept of separate burner/injectors from the V-2 engine design to build a much larger engine for the Navaho missile project. This work was considered unimportant in the 1940s and funded at a low level. Navaho ran into difficulties and was canceled in 1958 when the Chrysler Corporation Missile Divisions Redstone missile design had caught up in development. In 1967, NAA, with its Rocketdyne and Atomics International divisions, merged with the Rockwell Corporation to form North American Rockwell, Rocketdynes next major development was its first all-new design, the S-3D, which had been developed in parallel to the V-2 derived A series. An even larger design, the LR89/LR105, was used on the Atlas missile, the Thor had a short military career, but it was used as a satellite launcher through the 1950s and 60s in a number of different versions. One, Thor Delta, became the baseline for the current Delta series of space launchers, although the original S-3 engine was used on some Delta versions, most use its updated RS-27 design, originally developed as a single engine to replace the three-engine cluster on the Atlas. The Atlas V is still in manufacture and use, Rocketdyne also became the major supplier for NASAs development efforts, supplying all of the major engines for the Saturn rocket. Rocketdynes H-1 engine was used by the Saturn I booster main stage, five F-1 engines powered the Saturn Vs, S-IC, first stage, while five J-2 engines powered its S-II second stage, and one J-2 the S-IVB third stages. By 1965, Rocketdyne built the vast majority of US rocket engines, excepting those of the Titan rocket and this sort of growth appeared to be destined to continue in the 1970s when Rocketdyne won the contract for the Space Shuttle Main Engine. But the rapid downturn in other military and civilian contracts led to downsizing of the company, during continued downsizing in the 1980s and 1990s, Rockwell International shed several parts of the former North American Rockwell corporation. The aerospace entities of Rockwell International, including the former NAA, Rocketdyne became part of Boeings Defense division. In February 2005, Boeing reached an agreement to sell what was by referred to as Rocketdyne Propulsion & Power to Pratt & Whitney of United Technologies Corporation. The transaction was completed on August 2,2005, Boeing retained ownership of Rocketdynes Santa Susana Field Lab. GenCorp purchased Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne in 2013 from United Technologies Corporation, in addition to its primary business of building rocket engines, Rocketdyne has developed power generation and control systems. These included early nuclear power generation experiments, radioisotope thermoelectric generators, in the Boeing sale to Pratt & Whitney, the Power Systems division of Rocketdyne was transferred to Hamilton Sundstrand, another subsidiary of United Technologies Corporation
33.
Conexant
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Conexant Systems, Inc. is an American-based software developer and fabless semiconductor company that provides products for voice and audio processing, imaging and modems. The company began as a division of Rockwell International, before being spun off as a public company, Conexant itself then spun off several business units, creating independent public companies which included Skyworks Solutions and Mindspeed Technologies. In 1996, Rockwell International Corporation incorporated its semiconductor division as Rockwell Semiconductor Systems, on January 4,1999, Rockwell spun off Conexant Systems, Inc. as a public company. It was listed on the NASDAQ under symbol CNXT on January 4,1999, at that time, Conexant became the worlds largest, standalone communications-IC company. Dwight W. Decker was its first chief officer and Chairman of its Board of Directors. The company was based in Newport Beach, California, in the early 2000s, Conexant spun off several standalone technology businesses to create public companies. In March 2002, Conexant entered into a joint venture agreement with The Carlyle Group to share ownership of its fabrication plant. In June 2003, Conexant spun off its Internet infrastructure business to create the publicly held company Mindspeed Technologies Inc, Mindspeed would eventually be acquired by Lowell, MA-based M/A-COM Technology Solutions. In 2004, Conexant merged with Red Bank, New Jersey semiconductor company GlobespanVirata, subsequently, GlobespanVirata’s name was changed to Conexant, Inc. In September 2008, Jazz was sold to Israel-based Tower Semiconductor Ltd, in August 2009, Conexant sold its broadband access product line to Fremont, CA semiconductor company Ikanos Communications. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, as part of the bankruptcy agreement, the company agreed on a restructuring plan with owners and its sole secured lender, QP SFM Capital Holdings Ltd. The reorganized company emerged from bankruptcy in July 2013, since 2013, Conexants silicon and software solutions for voice processing have been instrumental in the CE industrys proliferation of voice-enabled devices. Based on the Conexant AudioSmart™ CX20921 Voice Input Processor, the dual microphone board was designed to reduce time-to-market for new third-party voice-enabled Alexa devices, Conexant has two main product families, the AudioSmart brand of audio processors and the ImagingSmart brand of image processors and modems. AD Converters - Conexants analog to digital converters are used for far-field voice/speech capture applications and they convert analog signals to digital in order to enhance the signal before transmitting it to third party speech recognition products. The technology is used in voice-enabled consumer products, a low power version with a standby mode and a fast wake up mode is used for battery powered devices. Codecs - Conexants codecs encode and decode digital signals, to allow transmission, storage, encryption, the codecs are used to improve audio signals in tablets and PCs, and for consumer audio applications such as conferencing, streaming media and editing. USB & I2S DSP codecs - Conexants DSP codecs have USB and integrated interchip sound interfaces to connect to devices such as headsets. VoiceSpeech processors - Conexants VoiceSpeech line of system-on-chip speech processors add voice command capabilities to smart TVs, far-field voice pre-processing algorithms and 24-bit analog-to-digital conversion prevent a noisy television itself from interfering with a users commands
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