1.
Hurdles
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Hurdling is the act of running and jumping over an obstacle at speed. In the early 19th century, hurdlers ran at and jumped over each hurdle, after experimenting with different step patterns the 3-step for high hurdles, 7-step for low hurdles, and 15-step for intermediate hurdles was decided on. In the sport of athletics, hurdling forms the basis of a number track, in these events, a series of barriers known as hurdles are set at precisely measured heights and distances which each athlete must pass by running over. Failure to pass over, by passing under, or intentionally knocking over hurdles will result in disqualification, accidental knocking over of hurdles is not cause for disqualification, but the hurdles are weighted to make doing so disadvantageous. Hurdle design improvements were made in 1935, when they developed the L-shaped hurdle, with this shape, the athlete could hit the hurdle and it will tip down, clearing the athletes path. The two shorter distances take place on the straight of a track, while the 400 m version covers one whole lap of a standard oval track. Events over shorter distances are commonly held at indoor track and field events. Women historically competed in the 80 meters hurdles at the Olympics in the mid-20th century, hurdles race are also part of combined events contests, including the decathlon and heptathlon. In track races, hurdles are normally between 68–107 cm in height, and vary depending on the age and gender of the hurdler, events from 50 to 110 meters are technically known as high hurdles races, while longer competitions are low hurdles races. The track hurdles events are forms of sprinting competitions, although the 400 m version is less anaerobic in nature, a hurdling technique can also be found in the steeplechase, although in this event athletes are also permitted to step on the barrier to clear it. Similarly, in cross country running athletes may hurdle over various natural obstacles, such as logs, mounds of earth, horse racing has its own variant of hurdle racing, with similar principles. The standard sprint or short hurdle race is 110 meters for men and 100 meters for women, the standard amount of steps to the first hurdle should be 8. The standard long hurdle race is 400 meters for men and women. Each of these races is run over ten hurdles and they are all Olympic events, the mens 200 meters low hurdles event was on the Olympic athletics programme for the 1900 and 1904 Summer Olympics. These low hurdles events were widely participated in the part of the 20th century. However, beyond these two Olympic outings, they never gained a consistent place at international competitions and became increasing rare after the 1960s and this 10-hurdle race continues to be run in places such as Norway. Other distances are run, particularly indoors but occasionally outdoors, the sprint hurdle race indoors is usually 60 meters for both men and women, although races 55 meters or 50 meters long are sometimes run, especially in the United States. A60 meter indoor race is run over 5 hurdles, a shorter race may occasionally have only 4 hurdles
2.
Wayne State University
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Wayne State University is an American public research university located in the Midtown Cultural Center Historic District of Detroit, Michigan. Founded in 1868, WSU consists of 13 schools and colleges offering more than 380 programs to nearly 28,000 graduate and undergraduate students and it is currently Michigans third-largest university and one of the 100 largest universities in the United States. The WSU main campus encompasses 203 acres linking more than 100 education and it also has six extension centers in the metro Detroit area providing access to a limited selection of courses. The first component of the modern Wayne State University was established in 1868 as the Detroit Medical College, in 1881, the Detroit Normal Training School was established, now known as the College of Education. Old Main Hall was built in 1896 as Central High School and those classes evolved into the Detroit Junior College in 1917, the Colleges of the City of Detroit in 1923 and now WSUs College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. With Mackenzie at the helm, Detroit Junior College grew to become the third-largest institution of learning in Michigan. The college was granted four-year degree status in 1923, becoming the College of the City of Detroit, Mackenzie continued as dean until his death in 1926. In 1920, the Merrill-Palmer Institute for Child Development was founded and it is now known as the Merrill-Palmer Skillman Institute. In 1927, the Detroit Board of Education dedicated its newest high school to the memory of Mackenzie, the three-story structure stood on the citys west side at 9275 Wyoming Avenue, Mackenzie High School closed its doors in June 2007 and was demolished in 2012. A new pre-kingergarten-to-eighth-grade Mackenzie School opened near the school site in 2012. In 1933, the Detroit Board of Education organized the six colleges it ran — liberal arts, medical, education, pharmacy, engineering, in January 1934, that institution was officially named Wayne University, taking its name from the county in which it is located. Wayne University continued to grow, adding its Law School in 1927, its School of Social Work in 1935, Wayne University was renamed Wayne State University in 1956 and the institution became a constitutionally established university by a popularly adopted amendment to the Michigan Constitution in 1959. The Wayne State University Board of Governors created the Institute of Gerontology in 1965 in response to a State of Michigan mandate, the primary mission in that era was to engage in research, education and service in the field of aging. The university libraries have grown to seven, including desks at the universitys extension centers in Oakland. More than 500 researchers, staff and principal investigators work out of the building, on June 5,2013, the Board of Governors unanimously elected M. Roy Wilson as Wayne States 12th president. He was sworn in on August 1,2013, in 2015, WSU bestowed its first posthumous honorary doctorate degree on Viola Liuzzo. In 2015, the School of Business administration was renamed the Mike Ilitch School of Business, the name was changed in recognition of a $40 million grant from Mike and Marian Ilitch. In gift will go toward building a new, state-of-the-art business school facility in Detroit, Wayne States campus is located in the heart of Detroits Cultural Center Historic District, home of renowned museums, galleries and theatres
3.
Track and field
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Track and field is a sport which includes athletic contests established on the skills of running, jumping, and throwing. The name is derived from the sports venue, a stadium with an oval running track enclosing a grass field where the throwing and jumping events take place. Track and field is categorised under the sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running. The foot racing events, which include sprints, middle- and long-distance events, the jumping and throwing events are won by the athlete who achieves the greatest distance or height. Regular jumping events include long jump, triple jump, high jump and pole vault, while the most common throwing events are shot put, javelin, discus and hammer. There are also combined events or multi events, such as the pentathlon consisting of five events, heptathlon consisting of seven events, in these, athletes participate in a combination of track and field events. Most track and field events are individual sports with a victor, the most prominent team events are relay races. Events are almost exclusively divided by gender, although both the mens and womens competitions are held at the same venue. It is one of the oldest sports, in ancient times, it was an event held in conjunction with festivals and sports meets such as the Ancient Olympic Games in Greece. The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BC, when Koroibos, a cook from the city of Elis, won the stadium race. According to some traditions, this was the only athletic event of the games for the first 13 Olympic festivals. In modern times, the two most prestigious track and field competitions are athletics competition at the Olympic Games and the IAAF World Championships in Athletics. The International Association of Athletics Federations is the governing body. Records are kept of the best performances in specific events, at world and national levels, however, if athletes are deemed to have violated the events rules or regulations, they are disqualified from the competition and their marks are erased. In North America, the track and field may be used to refer to other athletics events, such as the marathon. The sport of track and field has its roots in human prehistory, Track and field-style events are among the oldest of all sporting competitions, as running, jumping and throwing are natural and universal forms of human physical expression. The first recorded examples of organized track and field events at a festival are the Ancient Olympic Games. At the first Games in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece, only one event was contested, Track and field events were also present at the Panhellenic Games in Greece around this period, and they spread to Rome in Italy around 200 BC
4.
110 metres hurdles
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The 110 metres hurdles, or 110-meter hurdles, is a hurdling track and field event for men. It is included in the programme at the Summer Olympic Games. The female counterpart is the 100 metres hurdles, as part of a racing event, ten hurdles of 1.067 metres in height are evenly spaced along a straight course of 110 metres. They are positioned so that they fall over if bumped into by the runner. Fallen hurdles do not carry a time penalty for the runners. Like the 100 metres sprint, the 110 metres hurdles begins in the starting blocks and it is occasionally referred to as the 110 meter high hurdles, to distinguish it from events at other distances that use lower hurdles. For the 110 m hurdles, the first hurdle is placed after a run-up of 13.72 metres from the starting line. The next nine hurdles are set at a distance of 9.14 metres from each other, the Olympic Games have included the 110 metre hurdles in their program since 1896. The equivalent hurdles race for women was run over a course of 80 metres from 1932 to 1968, starting with the 1972 Summer Olympics, the womens race was set at 100 metres. In the early 20th century, the race was contested as 120 yard hurdles. The fastest 110 metre hurdlers run the distance in around 13 seconds, Aries Merritt of the United States holds the current world record of 12.80 seconds, set at the Memorial Van Damme meet on 7 September 2012 in Belgium. For the first hurdles races in England around 1830, wooden barriers were placed along a stretch of 100 yards. The first standards were attempted in 1864 in Oxford and Cambridge, The length of the course was set to 120 yards and over its course, the height and spacing of the hurdles have been related to Imperial units ever since. After the length of the course was rounded up to 110 metres in France in 1888, the massively constructed hurdles of the early days were first replaced in 1895 with somewhat lighter T-shaped hurdles that runners were able to knock over. However, until 1935 runners were disqualified if they knocked down more than three hurdles, and records were only recognized if the runner had left all hurdles standing. In 1935 the T-shaped hurdles were replaced by L-shaped ones that easily fall forward if bumped into, however those hurdles are weighted so it is disadvantageous to hit them. The 110 metre hurdles have been an Olympic discipline since 1896, women ran it occasionally in the 1920s but it never became generally accepted. From 1926 on, women have only run the 80 metre hurdles which was increased to 100 metres starting in 1961 on a trial basis and in 1969 in official competition
5.
Madison Square Garden
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Madison Square Garden, often called MSG or simply The Garden, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the New York City borough of Manhattan. Located in Midtown Manhattan between 7th and 8th Avenues from 31st to 33rd Streets, it is situated atop Pennsylvania Station. The Garden is used for basketball and ice hockey, as well as boxing, concerts, ice shows, circuses, professional wrestling and other forms of sports. It is close to other midtown Manhattan landmarks, including the Empire State Building, Koreatown and it is home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League, the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, and residency to singer-songwriter Billy Joel. The Garden opened on February 11,1968, and is the oldest major sporting facility in the New York metropolitan area and it is the oldest arena in the National Hockey League and the second-oldest arena in the National Basketball Association. MSG is the fourth-busiest music arena in the world in terms of sales, behind The O2 Arena. At a total construction cost of approximately $1.1 billion and it is part of the Pennsylvania Plaza office and retail complex. Several other operating entities related to the Garden share its name, Madison Square is formed by the intersection of 5th Avenue and Broadway at 23rd Street in Manhattan. It was named after James Madison, fourth President of the United States, two venues called Madison Square Garden were located just northeast of the square, the first from 1879 to 1890, and the second from 1890 to 1925. The first Garden, leased to P. T. Barnum, had no roof and was inconvenient to use during inclement weather, Madison Square Garden II was designed by noted architect Stanford White. The new building was built by a syndicate which included J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, P. T. Barnum, Darius Mills, James Stillman and W. W. Astor. It was 200 feet by 485 feet, and the main hall and it had a 1, 200-seat theatre, a concert hall with a capacity of 1,500, the largest restaurant in the city and a roof garden cabaret. A third Madison Square Garden opened in a new location, on 8th Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets, from 1925 to 1968, groundbreaking on the third Madison Square Garden took place on January 9,1925. Designed by the theater architect Thomas W. Lamb, it was built at the cost of $4.75 million in 249 days by boxing promoter Tex Rickard. The arena was 200 feet by 375 feet, with seating on three levels, and a capacity of 18,496 spectators for boxing. Demolition commenced in 1968 after the opening of the current Garden and it finished up in early 1969, and the site is now where One Worldwide Plaza is located. The new structure was one of the first of its kind to be built above the platforms of a railroad station. It was an engineering feat constructed by Robert E. McKee of El Paso, public outcry over the demolition of the Pennsylvania Station structure—an outstanding example of Beaux-Arts architecture—led to the creation of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
6.
United States Army Air Forces
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Each of these forces had a commanding general who reported directly to the Army Chief of Staff. S. Army to control its own installations and support personnel, the peak size of the AAF during the Second World War was over 2.4 million men and women in service and nearly 80,000 aircraft by 1944, and 783 domestic bases in December 1943. By V-E Day, the Army Air Forces had 1.25 million men stationed overseas, in its expansion and conduct of the war, the AAF became more than just an arm of the greater organization. By the end of World War II, the Army Air Forces had become virtually an independent service and this contrast between theory and fact is. fundamental to an understanding of the AAF. Gen. Billy Mitchell that led to his later court-martial, a strategy stressing precision bombing of industrial targets by heavily armed, long-range bombers emerged, formulated by the men who would become its leaders. Since 1920, control of units had resided with commanders of the corps areas. Both were created in 1933 when a conflict with Cuba seemed possible following a coup détat. Activation of GHQ Air Force represented a compromise between strategic airpower advocates and ground force commanders who demanded that the Air Corps mission remain tied to that of the land forces. GHQ Air Force organized combat groups administratively into a force of three wings deployed to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts but was small in comparison to European air forces. Corps area commanders continued to control over airfields and administration of personnel. The expected activation of Army General Headquarters prompted Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall to request a study from Chief of the Air Corps Maj. Gen. Henry H. Arnold resulting on 5 October 1940 in a proposal for creation of an air staff, unification of the air arm under one commander, and equality with the ground and supply forces. Marshall implemented a compromise that the Air Corps found entirely inadequate, naming Arnold as acting Deputy Chief of Staff for Air but rejecting all organizational points of his proposal. GHQ Air Force instead was assigned to the control of Army General Headquarters, although the latter was a training and not an operational component, when it was activated in November 1940. A division of the GHQ Air Force into four air defense districts on 19 October 1940 was concurrent with the creation of air forces to defend Hawaii. The air districts were converted in March 1941 into numbered air forces with an organization of 54 groups. Marshall had come to the view that the air forces needed a simpler system, Arnold and Marshall agreed that the AAF would enjoy a general autonomy within the War Department until the end of the war, while its commanders would cease lobbying for independence. Marshall, a proponent of airpower, left understood that the Air Force would likely achieve its independence following the war
7.
International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame
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The International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame was opened July 7,1981 in Netanya, Israel. It honors Jewish athletes and their accomplishments from anywhere around the world and it is located at the Wingate Institute for Physical Education and Sport. It has inducted over 300 athletes and sportspersons representing 25 countries, the Hall elects new honorees each year, with submissions due December 1 for votes for the following year. The Hall was founded by Joseph M. Siegman, a producer and writer who lives in Beverly Hills. He chaired the Hall from 1981 to 1989, and later served as chairman of its Selection Committee, the IJSHoF is separate from the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame, an American hall of fame that honors only American Jews. The Pillar of Achievement recognizes Jewish men and women who have significant contributions to sports
8.
USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
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The USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships is an annual track and field competition organized by USA Track & Field, which serves as the American national championships for the sport. Since 1992, in years which feature a Summer Olympics or a World Championships in Athletics, the history of the competition starts in 1876, when the New York Athletic Club decided to organize a national championships. Having previously held the NYAC Spring and Fall Games, the edition of the Fall Games became the countrys first national track. The National Association of Amateur Athletes of America, began sponsoring the meeting in 1879, at this point, the Amateur Athletic Union, a more powerful athletic organisation, began to hold their own version of the national championships. Two national championships were held in 1888, but the NAAAA disbanded after this, the AAU was the sole organizer of the event for the next ninety years. As a result of the Amateur Sports Act of 1978, the AAU no longer had power over Olympic sports in the United States, a spin-off group, The Athletics Congress, held its first national track and field championships in 1980. The Athletics Congress was renamed USA Track & Field in 1993, all races were in yards until 1928. From then on, races were measured in meters for Olympic years and yards for other years, note that the track surface changed over these years. Synthetic tracks were used in the editions in 1963,1965,1969,1971,1972. Official website from USATF A brief history of the US national championship from Track & Field News Past results from Track & Field News Past champions from USATF
9.
Alvin Kraenzlein
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Before, Carl Schuhmann, a German athlete, won four Olympic titles in gymnastics and wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. As of 2016, Alvin Kraenzlein is the only athlete who has won four individual titles at one Olympics. Kraenzlein is also known for developing a technique of straight-leg hurdling. He is an Olympic Hall of Fame and USA Track & Field inductee, Kraenzlein was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, a son of Johann Georg Kränzlein, a brewer, and Maria Augusta Schmidt, both of a German origin. After his family moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, he attended the Milwaukee’s East Side High School, in 1895, during the Wisconsin Interscholastic Championships, he won first places in the 100-yard dash, 120-yard high hurdles, 220-yard low hurdles, high jump, and shot put. He attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison where he studied engineering, in 1896, he won the 220-yard low hurdles, the high jump and placed second in the 100-yard dash and shot put at the freshman-sophomore track-and-field meet. During the 1897 Intercollegiate Athletic Conference Championship, Kraenzlein won the 220-yard low hurdles and he led the Wisconsin team to the team title. He also won the 1897 Amateur Athletic Union title in the 220-yard low hurdles, in 1897 Alvin Kraenzlein set an indoor world record of 36.6 seconds in the 300-yard low hurdles. In 1898, after being recruited by Mike Murphy, the University of Pennsylvania track-and-field coach, he moved to Philadelphia, where he studied at the Dental School and graduated in 1900. Being a student at the University of Philadelphia, he established world records for the 120 meter high hurdles and the 220 meter low hurdles, in 1899, Kraenzlein established the long jump world record of 243 1/2. He was a leader of the Penns track-and-field team that won four consecutive team IC4A titles, Kraenzlein was especially noted for his hurdling technique, as he was among the first to practice the modern method of straight-lead-leg hurdle clearing. Arthur C. M. Croome from Great Britain first attempted the straight-lead-leg style in 1886, however, Alvin Kraenzlein perfected it and this was significant development, as it enabled athletes to over-come the hurdles without reducing speed. In 1900, Kraenzlein was training for the Summer Olympics in England and he won the British Amateur Athletic Association Championships in London in the 120 yards hurdles and the long jump before entering the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. He established a record in the 120 yards hurdles for grass tracks. Alvin Kraenzlein became the most successful athlete of the 1900 Olympics.0 seconds and his victory in the long jump was remarkable, as Kraenzlein defeated silver medallist Meyer Prinstein, his great rival from Syracuse University, only by a single centimeter. Prinsteins mark had been set in the qualification, and he did not attend the final, altogether, thirteen student athletes from the University of Pennsylvania competed in the track events in Paris. They distinguish themselves with twenty medals including eleven gold awards, after the 1900 Olympic Games, Kraenzlein retired from athletic competition in late 1900, as the owner of six world and four Olympic records. He came back to Milwaukee and started a dental practice, Kraenzlein also became a manager of the Milwaukee Athletic Association
10.
Ralph Hutchinson
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Ralph Fielding Hutch Hutchinson was an American football, basketball, and baseball player. Born in Elmira, New York, Hutchinson played varsity football and baseball, hutchison was the third head football coach for the Dickinson College Red Devils in Carlisle, Pennsylvania and he held that position for the 1901 season. His overall coaching record at Dickinson was 3–4 and this ranks him 25th at Dickinson in terms of total wins and 15th at Dickinson in terms of winning percentage. From 1903 to 1905, Hutchinson coached at Texas, where he compiled a 16–7–2 record, Hutchinson was the first basketball coach at the University of New Mexico, compiling a 32–8 record from 1910 to 1917. New Mexico played games only sporadically before the 1920s, with no regular schedule, Hutchinson was hired in August 1918 as head coach at Washington & Jefferson, south of Pittsburgh. Hutchinson was the football coach at the University of Idaho for the 1919 season. A shorter than normal season, his posted a 2–3 record. He also coached the Idaho Vandals mens basketball team for the 1919–20 season, in 1920, Hutchinson moved south to the Idaho Technical Institute in Pocatello. He coached through the 1927 season, tallying a 25–22–2 record at the two-year school and it was renamed Idaho State College in 1947 after gaining four-year status and became Idaho State University in 1963. After the hiring of Leo Calland in 1929, Hutchinson was the trainer and a professor of physical education. Following a brief illness, he died at the age of 57 on March 30,1935 of an attack at his Moscow home. Ralph Hutchinson at the College Football Data Warehouse Ralph Hutchinson at College Basketball at Sports-Reference. com Ralph Hutchinson at Find a Grave
11.
Frederick Schule
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Frederick William Fred Schule was an American track and field athlete, football player, athletic coach, teacher, bacteriologist, and engineer. He competed for the track and field teams at the University of Wisconsin from 1900 to 1901 and he was also a member of the undefeated 1903 Michigan Wolverines football team that outscored its opponents 565 to 6. In 1904, Schule won the medal in the 110 meter hurdles at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis. From 1905 to 1907, he was employed as the director of the gymnasium and coach of the football and basketball teams at the University of Montana in Missoula, Montana. Schule also worked as a teacher in Wausau and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He later worked as an engineer and superintendent for Westinghouse Lamp Company, in 2008, he was posthumously inducted into the University of Michigan Track & Field Hall of Fame. Schule was born in Preston, Iowa in 1879 and his father, Frederick Schule, was an immigrant from Germany who was employed as a physician. His mother, Sophia Schule, was also an immigrant from Germany and he had four older sisters, Clara, Augusta, Henrietta, and Sophia. At the time of the 1880 United States Census, the family was living in Fairfield Township, Jackson County, Schule began his collegiate studies at the University of Wisconsin, where he was a member of the track and field team from 1899 to 1900. In 1900, Schule won the Big Ten Conference championship in the jump, becoming the first Wisconsin Badgers athlete to win a Big Ten championship in track. He repeated as Big Ten champion in the jump in 1901 with a distance of 22 feet. Schule received a bachelor of degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1901 in bacteriology. After receiving his degree, Schule worked as a bacteriologist for the Chicago Sanitary District for five months and he then returned to the University of Wisconsin for post graduate studies and as a fellow in bacteriology. From 1902 to 1903, he taught physics at a school in Wausau. He was the Amateur Athletic Union champion in 120 yd hurdles in 1903, in the fall of 1903, Schule enrolled at the University of Michigan where he studied chemistry. He received a degree from Michigan in 1904. While attending Michigan, Schule was also a member of the 1903 Michigan Wolverines football team coached by Fielding H. Yost, the 1903 football team compiled a record of 11-0-1 and outscored its opponents 565 to 6. In February 1904, Schule announced that he would compete for the 1904 Michigan Wolverines mens track
12.
Frank Castleman
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Frank Riley Castleman was an American football and baseball player, track athlete, and coach in multiple sports. He competed for the United States in the 200 metre hurdles at the 1904 Summer Olympics held in St. Louis, Missouri, Castleman was a member of the Greater New York Irish American Athletic Association, which became the Irish American Athletic Club. He competed mainly in the 200 metre hurdles, Castleman graduated from Colgate University in 1906. Castleman served as the football coach at the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1906 and 1907. He was also the basketball coach at Colorado in from 1906 to 1912, tallying a mark of 32–22. He was later the coach at Ohio State University, where his team won the 1929 NCAA Mens Track. Castleman died at his home in Columbus, Ohio on October 9,1946 at the age of 69, Frank Castleman at the College Football Data Warehouse Frank Castleman at College Basketball at Sports-Reference. com
13.
Hugo Friend
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Hugo Morris Friend was an American jurist who, in his youth, competed as an athlete in the long jump and hurdles. He is best remembered as the judge who presided over the trial of the Chicago Black Sox, which ended in an acquittal. Friend was born in Prague but came to the United States as an early age and he attended the University of Chicago beginning in 1901, where he became a track star. He was selected for the United States team for the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens and he became a lawyer in 1908 and a judge twelve years later. He presided over the Black Sox trial in 1921, and when they were acquitted, at the time of his 1966 death, he was the oldest active member of the Cook County Circuit Court bench. Hugo Morris Friend, who was Jewish, was born on July 21,1882, in the city of Prague, at an early age, he emigrated to the United States. He graduated from South Division High School in Chicago in 1901, Friend attended the University of Chicago, where he was a track star. He twice won the Big Ten long jump championship, and won a bronze medal in the long jump, finishing fourth in the 100 metre hurdles. He also played football for Chicago, though never at the varsity level, Friend received his undergraduate degree from Chicago in 1906, he continued at the university and secured his law degree in 1908. Friend joined the Illinois Bar in 1908, and began the practice of law in Chicago, in 1916, he was appointed a Master in Chancery of the Superior Court of Cook County by Judge Albert C. On September 18,1920, Republican Governor Frank Lowden appointed him to the Cook County Circuit Court, in 1921, Judge Friend was assigned the case of the Chicago Black Sox, the players had been suspended from baseball after having been indicted for throwing the 1919 World Series. The case had marked by theft of the incriminating statements made by some of the players to the grand jury. He was not called upon to do so, all of the defendants were acquitted amid scenes of jubilation, in 1928, Friend presided over the case against Chicago Mayor William Hale Thompson and three codefendants, ordering them to pay over $2 million paid to real estate experts. He was reversed in his judgment against Mayor Thompson and one of the co-defendants by the Illinois Supreme Court, in 1957, he cleared the way for the movie The Miracle to be shown in Chicago, ruling it was not obscene. He died on April 29,1966, at age 83 the oldest active Cook County Circuit Court judge and he was elected in 2006 into the University of Chicago Athletic Hall of Fame. His listing cites his 1906 Olympic accomplishments and his Big Ten feats, in 1920, Friend married Sadie Cohn of Chicago. List of select Jewish track and field athletes Carney, Gene, burying the Black Sox, How Baseballs Cover-Up of the 1919 World Series Fix Almost Succeeded. Blackball, the Black Sox, and the Babe, jefferson, North Carolina, McFarland & Co. Inc.2002
14.
Forrest Smithson
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Forrest Custer Smithson was an American athlete, winner of 110 m hurdles at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Born in Portland, Oregon, Smithson was a student of theology from Oregon State University, at London, the main favourites were Smithsons teammates John Garrels and Arthur Shaw who had earlier equaled Alvin Kraenzleins world record of 15.2 seconds. The 110 m hurdles was not contested on a track as usual, only Americans reached the final, which was contested on the last day of the London Games. Smithson defeated Garrels and set a new record of 15.0 seconds. Forrest Smithson died in Contra Costa County, California, aged 78, there is a widespread story about Smithson winning the gold medal while carrying a Bible in his left hand. At first, none of the 110 m hurdles heats nor the final were scheduled or planned to place on Sunday. The story was not mentioned in the newspapers and this story is based on a picture published in the official report, which was taken during the final. The fact was that Forrest Smithson was a strong Christian and often ran with a Bible in his hand to point people to the source of his strength and inspiration, Forrest Smithson at Sports Reference, retrieved 2010-02-02
15.
John Nicholson (athlete)
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John Patrick Nicholson was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He ran in the final of the 110 meter hurdles competition but fell and he also participated in the high jump event but was not able to clear a height. After finishing his athletics career, Nicholson went on to become a track coach and he coached at DePauw University, Sewanee, The University of the South and Rice Institute before finally coaching at Notre Dame. It was a Notre Dame that he died suddenly on April 2,1940, john Nicholsons profile at Sports Reference. com
16.
Fred Kelly (athlete)
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Frederick Warren Fred Kelly was an American athlete, winner of 110 m hurdles at the 1912 Summer Olympics. Born in Beaumont, California, Fred Kelly attended Orange High School and was a freshman at University of Southern California, at Stockholm, Kelly won his preliminary heats easily and qualified to the final with four more Americans and one representative from Great Britain. From the start, the five Americans ran even until the eighth hurdle, Kelly managed to get in front the instant before the tape was broken, to win by 0.1 seconds. He also competed for USA in exhibition baseball tournament in Stockholm, Kelly was the AAU Champion in 120 yd hurdles in 1913 and finished second in 1916 and 1919. Kelly also finished first at the 1915 AAU Championships, but was disqualified for knocking down four hurdles and he served as the first President of the SoCal Olympians and Paralympians, beginning on March 19,1949. Fred Kelly died in Medford, Oregon, aged 82, a stadium near where he attended Orange High School in Orange, California has been named after him, Fred Kelly Stadium, which is located next to El Modena High School. Archived from the original on 2012-10-24
17.
Robert Simpson (athlete)
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Robert Ingalls Bob Simpson was an American hurdler and track and field coach. Simpson set several records in the 120 yd hurdles, equaled the world record in the 220 yd hurdles. He served in the United States Army in both World Wars, rising to the rank of major by 1944 and he was track and field head coach at first the University of Missouri and then Iowa State University, and later in Hungary, he also coached Army athletes. Simpson grew up on his familys farm in Bosworth, Missouri and he was the oldest of three brothers and part of a track and field family, his younger brothers John Simpson and Chauncey Simpson followed him in the sport, as did his cousin, William Sylvester. In addition, he played baseball and basketball, after graduating from high school in 1913 Simpson entered the University of Missouri, where he was coached by Henry F. Schulte. Simpsons first major race in the 120 yd hurdles was at the April 1915 Penn Relays, still little-known outside his native Missouri, Simpson faced a strong field that included Fred W. Kelly, the 1912 Olympic champion and world record holder at 15.0. Kelly won, but only defeated Simpson by inches, at the Missouri Valley Conference meet at the end of May Simpson won the high hurdles in 15.0, equaling Kellys record, he also won the low hurdles and the long jump. The following week he won a double at the Western Conference meet, again running 15.0 in the high hurdles. At the 1915 national championships Simpson placed fourth in the low hurdles and crossed the line in third place in the high hurdles, behind Kelly. However, Kelly was disqualified for knocking down four hurdles, making Simpson the runner-up, Simpson reached his peak in 1916. He won the hurdles at the 1916 Penn Relays, again equaling Kellys world record of 15.0. He then broke the record in a meet against Iowa State on May 6, running 14.8, he also won the low hurdles, the 100 yd dash. The following week Simpson equaled his new record in another dual meet, Simpson regained sole hold of the world record two weeks later at the 1916 Missouri Valley Conference championships, which Missouri hosted. He won the hurdles in 14.6, improving his own world record by another fifth of a second. These times would remain his best, the 1916 national championships were held in Newark in September, with Simpson returning from several months of no competition. He faced Thomson, Kelly and Murray, and won in 14.8, by the end of the year Simpson had run under Kellys old world record of 15.0 seven times, with record applications made for five of those times. Simpson was named captain of the Missouri Tigers track and field team for 1917 and he led the Tigers to another Missouri Valley Conference title, winning the long jump and both hurdles races. He also won all three events at the Western Conference meet, his time in the 220 yd low hurdles was 24.2
18.
Earl Thomson
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Earl John Tommy Thomson was a Canadian athlete, a specialist in the high hurdles. Thomson attended Long Beach Poly, where he won the 120 yard hurdles at the first CIF California State Meet in 1915 and he also was second in the high jump and fourth in the discus throw. In 1916 he joined the Royal Canadian Air Force, and served there during World War I and he then went to the University of Southern California for one year and then transferred to Dartmouth College. He graduated from there in 1922, in 1918, he had already won the AAU championships in the high hurdles, and in 1920, he set a new world record in the 110 m hurdles, running 14.4. This record would remain unbeaten until 1931, although it was equaled a number of times and he sought to represent the United States at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, but was ruled ineligible due to his Canadian citizenship. He then joined the Canadian Olympic team, at the Olympics, Thomson won a clear victory over his American rivals. The following year, he equaled his own record, and won the AAU, IC4A. That year he won the 220 yard low hurdles. He retired after his third AAU title, in 1922, lat, Thomson became a track and field coach, coaching the team of the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland for 36 years. Thomson was an inductee to Canadas Sports Hall of Fame in 1955. He died of cancer in Oceanside, California aged 76, official film of 1920 Olympics 110 hurdles on YouTube
19.
Forrest Towns
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Forrest Grady Spec Towns was an American track and field athlete. He was the 1936 Olympic champion in the 110 m hurdles, born in Fitzgerald, Georgia, Towns grew up in Augusta, Georgia, where he played football in high school at Richmond Academy. In 1933, he earned a scholarship to the University of Georgia after a sports journalist had seen him high jumping in his back yard. Rather than high jumping, Towns specialized in the hurdles, winning NCAA. It was the beginning of a 60 race winning streak, lasting until 1937, in 1936, Towns was named to the American Olympic team, becoming the first Georgian to achieve this. During the Olympics in Berlin, Germany, Towns became the record holder with 14.1. Also, he became the first Georgian to earn Olympic Gold, shortly after the Games, he became the first hurdler under 14 seconds. At a race in Oslo, he improved the world record to 13.7 – a time that would stand until 1950. After college, Towns became Head Track and Field coach at UGA, in 1991, he died in Athens, Georgia at age 77. He was honored at the University with the naming of the Spec Towns Track, Olympic medalists in athletics Extensive biography Georgia Sports Hall of Fame profile
20.
Harrison Dillard
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William Harrison Bones Dillard is an American former track and field athlete, the only male so far to win Olympic titles in both sprinting and hurdling events. Dillard was born in Cleveland, Ohio, attended East Technical High School and he returned to college in 1946 and resumed athletics, to which he had been inspired by Jesse Owens, who was also from Cleveland and had attended East Technical High School as well. He won the NCAA and AAU 120-yard and 220-yard hurdles in both 1946 and 1947 and he tied world records in events with a 22.3 in the 220 in 1946 and a 13.6 in the 120. At the trials for the 1948 Summer Olympics, however, Dillard failed to qualify for the 110 m hurdles event, though he qualified as third for the 100 m, not his specialty. At the Games, Dillard reached the final, which seemed to end in a dead heat between Dillard and another American, Barney Ewell, the finish photo showed Dillard had won, equalling the World record as well. This was the first use of a finish at an Olympic Games. As a member of the 4 ×100 m relay team, four years later, still a strong hurdler, Dillard did qualify for the 110 m hurdles event, and won the event in Helsinki. Another 4 ×100 m relay victory yielded Dillards fourth Olympic title, Dillard attempted to qualify for a third Olympics in 1956, but failed. Dillard took part in the 1953 Maccabiah Games, Dillard worked for the Cleveland Indians baseball franchise in scouting and public relations capacities, and hosted a radio talk show on Clevelands WERE. He also worked for the Cleveland City School District for many years as its Business Manager, four-time Olympic Gold Medalist U. S. Olympic Hall of Fame inductee James E. Sullivan Award winner Statue at Baldwin Wallace University McGraw, Daniel. Interview with Harrison Dillard, recorded Sept.13,2012, Harrison Dillard 100m win at 1948 Olympics
21.
Jack Davis (athlete)
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Jack Wells Davis was an American track and field hurdler, silver medalist in the 1952 and 1956 Olympics over 110-meter hurdles. Davis lost to Harrison Dillard in 1952 with the time as the winner. He set a new world record 13.4 in a heat at the AAU in 1956, Davis attended Herbert Hoover High School in Glendale, California, where he won both hurdle races at the 1949 CIF California State Meet, along with a third in the long jump. After that performance, he was named Athlete of the Meet and he then went to the University of Southern California. At USC he was a three-time NCAA 120y hurdle champion and the 1953 NCAA 220y hurdle champion, outdoor 220y hurdles champion, and ranked #1 on three occasions. In 2004, he was inducted into the USA Track & Field Hall of Fame, and he helped found the United States Olympic Training Center in Chula Vista, California
22.
Willie Davenport
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William Willie D. Davenport was an American sprint runner. He attended Howland High School and a college at Southern University and A&M College in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He competed in the 110 m hurdlers at the 1964,1968,1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics, winning a medal in 1968 and a bronze in 1976. In 1980 he took part in the Winter Olympics as a runner for the American bobsleigh team, because of the boycott, and the quirk of participating in the Winter Olympics, he was the only U. S. track and field athlete to participate in the 1980 Olympics. Davenport took part in his first Olympics in 1964, but injured his thigh and was eliminated in the semifinals, in Mexico City in 1968, he reached the final and won, From the first step, the gun, I knew I had won the race. In 1972 he finished fourth, and in his third consecutive Olympic 110 m hurdles final, in 1976, at his last Olympics in 1980 he was a bobsleigh runner, ending up 12th in the four-man competition. Davenports other achievements include five national championships in the 60 yard hurdles indoor event, by participating in the 1980 bobsleigh competition, Willie became the first African American to compete in the Winter Olympics for the USA. Davenport was a U. S. Army private at the time of his first Olympic participation and he died of a heart attack at age 59 at Chicagos OHare International Airport on June 17,2002. He was survived by daughter Tanya, sons Willie and Mark, in 1977 he was inducted into the Mt. SAC Relays Hall of Fame, and in 1982 into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame. The Complete Book of the Olympics,1896 –1980, Willie Davenport at Find a Grave
23.
Earl McCullouch
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Earl R. McCullouch is a retired American football wide receiver. McCullouch was the record holder for the 110 meter mens high hurdle sprint from July 1967 to July 1969. When attending the University of Southern California, McCullouch was a member of the USC Trojan Football teams and the USC Track & Field teams in 1967 and 1968. The USC Track 4×110 yard relay team, for which McCullouch ran the start leg, set the record in 1967 that remains today. McCullouch attended Long Beach Polytechnic High School and he tied the national high school record in the 180 yard low hurdles at 18.1. The record was never broken and the event was discontinued in regular high school competition in 1974 and he swept both the 120 yard high hurdles and the 180 low hurdles at the CIF California State Meet in 1964. In 1964 McCullouch was named Co-Athlete of the Year in the California Interscholastic Federation Southern Section by the Helms Athletic Foundation and he earned the award in conjunction with pole vaulter Paul Wilson. Next he attended community college and played football at Long Beach City College, McCullouch played college football at the University of Southern California, where he was part of the 1967 National Championship team. He was one of five USC Trojans players taken in the first round of the 1968 NFL Draft after his senior year, McCullouch was known for having elite sprinter speed and used it on both the track and the football field. Wearing No.22 during the 1967 and 1968 seasons, McCulloch played wide receiver on an offensive USC Trojan Football squad that featured tailback O. J. Simpson, defensive coverages had difficulty covering McCullouch in pass routes and chasing him after pass completions due to his sprinters speed. McCullouch also provided down-field blocking on break-away plays, often for 1968 Heisman Trophy winner Simpson, the USC Trojan sprint relay team set a 4 X110 yard sprint relay world record in the 1967 NCAA Track & Field Championships in Provo, Utah on June 17,1967. In the era of metric-distance sprint world records, this record still stands today and is likely not to be broken. McCullough was on the cover of the April 1968 issue of Track, McCullouch played for the National Football Leagues Detroit Lions and the New Orleans Saints between 1968 and 1974. He was the NFL Rookie of the Year in 1968, California State Records before 2000 Database Football NFL. com Pro Football Reference LBCC Hall of Champions The Races of Earl McCullouch USC Track
