1.
Wayne State University
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Wayne State University is an American public research university located in the Midtown Cultural Center Historic District of Detroit, Michigan. Founded in 1868, WSU consists of 13 schools and colleges offering more than 380 programs to nearly 28,000 graduate and undergraduate students and it is currently Michigans third-largest university and one of the 100 largest universities in the United States. The WSU main campus encompasses 203 acres linking more than 100 education and it also has six extension centers in the metro Detroit area providing access to a limited selection of courses. The first component of the modern Wayne State University was established in 1868 as the Detroit Medical College, in 1881, the Detroit Normal Training School was established, now known as the College of Education. Old Main Hall was built in 1896 as Central High School and those classes evolved into the Detroit Junior College in 1917, the Colleges of the City of Detroit in 1923 and now WSUs College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. With Mackenzie at the helm, Detroit Junior College grew to become the third-largest institution of learning in Michigan. The college was granted four-year degree status in 1923, becoming the College of the City of Detroit, Mackenzie continued as dean until his death in 1926. In 1920, the Merrill-Palmer Institute for Child Development was founded and it is now known as the Merrill-Palmer Skillman Institute. In 1927, the Detroit Board of Education dedicated its newest high school to the memory of Mackenzie, the three-story structure stood on the citys west side at 9275 Wyoming Avenue, Mackenzie High School closed its doors in June 2007 and was demolished in 2012. A new pre-kingergarten-to-eighth-grade Mackenzie School opened near the school site in 2012. In 1933, the Detroit Board of Education organized the six colleges it ran — liberal arts, medical, education, pharmacy, engineering, in January 1934, that institution was officially named Wayne University, taking its name from the county in which it is located. Wayne University continued to grow, adding its Law School in 1927, its School of Social Work in 1935, Wayne University was renamed Wayne State University in 1956 and the institution became a constitutionally established university by a popularly adopted amendment to the Michigan Constitution in 1959. The Wayne State University Board of Governors created the Institute of Gerontology in 1965 in response to a State of Michigan mandate, the primary mission in that era was to engage in research, education and service in the field of aging. The university libraries have grown to seven, including desks at the universitys extension centers in Oakland. More than 500 researchers, staff and principal investigators work out of the building, on June 5,2013, the Board of Governors unanimously elected M. Roy Wilson as Wayne States 12th president. He was sworn in on August 1,2013, in 2015, WSU bestowed its first posthumous honorary doctorate degree on Viola Liuzzo. In 2015, the School of Business administration was renamed the Mike Ilitch School of Business, the name was changed in recognition of a $40 million grant from Mike and Marian Ilitch. In gift will go toward building a new, state-of-the-art business school facility in Detroit, Wayne States campus is located in the heart of Detroits Cultural Center Historic District, home of renowned museums, galleries and theatres
2.
Track and field
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Track and field is a sport which includes athletic contests established on the skills of running, jumping, and throwing. The name is derived from the sports venue, a stadium with an oval running track enclosing a grass field where the throwing and jumping events take place. Track and field is categorised under the sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running. The foot racing events, which include sprints, middle- and long-distance events, the jumping and throwing events are won by the athlete who achieves the greatest distance or height. Regular jumping events include long jump, triple jump, high jump and pole vault, while the most common throwing events are shot put, javelin, discus and hammer. There are also combined events or multi events, such as the pentathlon consisting of five events, heptathlon consisting of seven events, in these, athletes participate in a combination of track and field events. Most track and field events are individual sports with a victor, the most prominent team events are relay races. Events are almost exclusively divided by gender, although both the mens and womens competitions are held at the same venue. It is one of the oldest sports, in ancient times, it was an event held in conjunction with festivals and sports meets such as the Ancient Olympic Games in Greece. The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BC, when Koroibos, a cook from the city of Elis, won the stadium race. According to some traditions, this was the only athletic event of the games for the first 13 Olympic festivals. In modern times, the two most prestigious track and field competitions are athletics competition at the Olympic Games and the IAAF World Championships in Athletics. The International Association of Athletics Federations is the governing body. Records are kept of the best performances in specific events, at world and national levels, however, if athletes are deemed to have violated the events rules or regulations, they are disqualified from the competition and their marks are erased. In North America, the track and field may be used to refer to other athletics events, such as the marathon. The sport of track and field has its roots in human prehistory, Track and field-style events are among the oldest of all sporting competitions, as running, jumping and throwing are natural and universal forms of human physical expression. The first recorded examples of organized track and field events at a festival are the Ancient Olympic Games. At the first Games in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece, only one event was contested, Track and field events were also present at the Panhellenic Games in Greece around this period, and they spread to Rome in Italy around 200 BC
3.
Madison Square Garden
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Madison Square Garden, often called MSG or simply The Garden, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the New York City borough of Manhattan. Located in Midtown Manhattan between 7th and 8th Avenues from 31st to 33rd Streets, it is situated atop Pennsylvania Station. The Garden is used for basketball and ice hockey, as well as boxing, concerts, ice shows, circuses, professional wrestling and other forms of sports. It is close to other midtown Manhattan landmarks, including the Empire State Building, Koreatown and it is home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League, the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, and residency to singer-songwriter Billy Joel. The Garden opened on February 11,1968, and is the oldest major sporting facility in the New York metropolitan area and it is the oldest arena in the National Hockey League and the second-oldest arena in the National Basketball Association. MSG is the fourth-busiest music arena in the world in terms of sales, behind The O2 Arena. At a total construction cost of approximately $1.1 billion and it is part of the Pennsylvania Plaza office and retail complex. Several other operating entities related to the Garden share its name, Madison Square is formed by the intersection of 5th Avenue and Broadway at 23rd Street in Manhattan. It was named after James Madison, fourth President of the United States, two venues called Madison Square Garden were located just northeast of the square, the first from 1879 to 1890, and the second from 1890 to 1925. The first Garden, leased to P. T. Barnum, had no roof and was inconvenient to use during inclement weather, Madison Square Garden II was designed by noted architect Stanford White. The new building was built by a syndicate which included J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, P. T. Barnum, Darius Mills, James Stillman and W. W. Astor. It was 200 feet by 485 feet, and the main hall and it had a 1, 200-seat theatre, a concert hall with a capacity of 1,500, the largest restaurant in the city and a roof garden cabaret. A third Madison Square Garden opened in a new location, on 8th Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets, from 1925 to 1968, groundbreaking on the third Madison Square Garden took place on January 9,1925. Designed by the theater architect Thomas W. Lamb, it was built at the cost of $4.75 million in 249 days by boxing promoter Tex Rickard. The arena was 200 feet by 375 feet, with seating on three levels, and a capacity of 18,496 spectators for boxing. Demolition commenced in 1968 after the opening of the current Garden and it finished up in early 1969, and the site is now where One Worldwide Plaza is located. The new structure was one of the first of its kind to be built above the platforms of a railroad station. It was an engineering feat constructed by Robert E. McKee of El Paso, public outcry over the demolition of the Pennsylvania Station structure—an outstanding example of Beaux-Arts architecture—led to the creation of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
4.
United States Army Air Forces
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Each of these forces had a commanding general who reported directly to the Army Chief of Staff. S. Army to control its own installations and support personnel, the peak size of the AAF during the Second World War was over 2.4 million men and women in service and nearly 80,000 aircraft by 1944, and 783 domestic bases in December 1943. By V-E Day, the Army Air Forces had 1.25 million men stationed overseas, in its expansion and conduct of the war, the AAF became more than just an arm of the greater organization. By the end of World War II, the Army Air Forces had become virtually an independent service and this contrast between theory and fact is. fundamental to an understanding of the AAF. Gen. Billy Mitchell that led to his later court-martial, a strategy stressing precision bombing of industrial targets by heavily armed, long-range bombers emerged, formulated by the men who would become its leaders. Since 1920, control of units had resided with commanders of the corps areas. Both were created in 1933 when a conflict with Cuba seemed possible following a coup détat. Activation of GHQ Air Force represented a compromise between strategic airpower advocates and ground force commanders who demanded that the Air Corps mission remain tied to that of the land forces. GHQ Air Force organized combat groups administratively into a force of three wings deployed to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts but was small in comparison to European air forces. Corps area commanders continued to control over airfields and administration of personnel. The expected activation of Army General Headquarters prompted Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall to request a study from Chief of the Air Corps Maj. Gen. Henry H. Arnold resulting on 5 October 1940 in a proposal for creation of an air staff, unification of the air arm under one commander, and equality with the ground and supply forces. Marshall implemented a compromise that the Air Corps found entirely inadequate, naming Arnold as acting Deputy Chief of Staff for Air but rejecting all organizational points of his proposal. GHQ Air Force instead was assigned to the control of Army General Headquarters, although the latter was a training and not an operational component, when it was activated in November 1940. A division of the GHQ Air Force into four air defense districts on 19 October 1940 was concurrent with the creation of air forces to defend Hawaii. The air districts were converted in March 1941 into numbered air forces with an organization of 54 groups. Marshall had come to the view that the air forces needed a simpler system, Arnold and Marshall agreed that the AAF would enjoy a general autonomy within the War Department until the end of the war, while its commanders would cease lobbying for independence. Marshall, a proponent of airpower, left understood that the Air Force would likely achieve its independence following the war
5.
USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
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The USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships is an annual track and field competition organized by USA Track & Field, which serves as the American national championships for the sport. Since 1992, in years which feature a Summer Olympics or a World Championships in Athletics, the history of the competition starts in 1876, when the New York Athletic Club decided to organize a national championships. Having previously held the NYAC Spring and Fall Games, the edition of the Fall Games became the countrys first national track. The National Association of Amateur Athletes of America, began sponsoring the meeting in 1879, at this point, the Amateur Athletic Union, a more powerful athletic organisation, began to hold their own version of the national championships. Two national championships were held in 1888, but the NAAAA disbanded after this, the AAU was the sole organizer of the event for the next ninety years. As a result of the Amateur Sports Act of 1978, the AAU no longer had power over Olympic sports in the United States, a spin-off group, The Athletics Congress, held its first national track and field championships in 1980. The Athletics Congress was renamed USA Track & Field in 1993, all races were in yards until 1928. From then on, races were measured in meters for Olympic years and yards for other years, note that the track surface changed over these years. Synthetic tracks were used in the editions in 1963,1965,1969,1971,1972. Official website from USATF A brief history of the US national championship from Track & Field News Past results from Track & Field News Past champions from USATF
6.
110 metres hurdles
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The 110 metres hurdles, or 110-meter hurdles, is a hurdling track and field event for men. It is included in the programme at the Summer Olympic Games. The female counterpart is the 100 metres hurdles, as part of a racing event, ten hurdles of 1.067 metres in height are evenly spaced along a straight course of 110 metres. They are positioned so that they fall over if bumped into by the runner. Fallen hurdles do not carry a time penalty for the runners. Like the 100 metres sprint, the 110 metres hurdles begins in the starting blocks and it is occasionally referred to as the 110 meter high hurdles, to distinguish it from events at other distances that use lower hurdles. For the 110 m hurdles, the first hurdle is placed after a run-up of 13.72 metres from the starting line. The next nine hurdles are set at a distance of 9.14 metres from each other, the Olympic Games have included the 110 metre hurdles in their program since 1896. The equivalent hurdles race for women was run over a course of 80 metres from 1932 to 1968, starting with the 1972 Summer Olympics, the womens race was set at 100 metres. In the early 20th century, the race was contested as 120 yard hurdles. The fastest 110 metre hurdlers run the distance in around 13 seconds, Aries Merritt of the United States holds the current world record of 12.80 seconds, set at the Memorial Van Damme meet on 7 September 2012 in Belgium. For the first hurdles races in England around 1830, wooden barriers were placed along a stretch of 100 yards. The first standards were attempted in 1864 in Oxford and Cambridge, The length of the course was set to 120 yards and over its course, the height and spacing of the hurdles have been related to Imperial units ever since. After the length of the course was rounded up to 110 metres in France in 1888, the massively constructed hurdles of the early days were first replaced in 1895 with somewhat lighter T-shaped hurdles that runners were able to knock over. However, until 1935 runners were disqualified if they knocked down more than three hurdles, and records were only recognized if the runner had left all hurdles standing. In 1935 the T-shaped hurdles were replaced by L-shaped ones that easily fall forward if bumped into, however those hurdles are weighted so it is disadvantageous to hit them. The 110 metre hurdles have been an Olympic discipline since 1896, women ran it occasionally in the 1920s but it never became generally accepted. From 1926 on, women have only run the 80 metre hurdles which was increased to 100 metres starting in 1961 on a trial basis and in 1969 in official competition
7.
Harrison Dillard
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William Harrison Bones Dillard is an American former track and field athlete, the only male so far to win Olympic titles in both sprinting and hurdling events. Dillard was born in Cleveland, Ohio, attended East Technical High School and he returned to college in 1946 and resumed athletics, to which he had been inspired by Jesse Owens, who was also from Cleveland and had attended East Technical High School as well. He won the NCAA and AAU 120-yard and 220-yard hurdles in both 1946 and 1947 and he tied world records in events with a 22.3 in the 220 in 1946 and a 13.6 in the 120. At the trials for the 1948 Summer Olympics, however, Dillard failed to qualify for the 110 m hurdles event, though he qualified as third for the 100 m, not his specialty. At the Games, Dillard reached the final, which seemed to end in a dead heat between Dillard and another American, Barney Ewell, the finish photo showed Dillard had won, equalling the World record as well. This was the first use of a finish at an Olympic Games. As a member of the 4 ×100 m relay team, four years later, still a strong hurdler, Dillard did qualify for the 110 m hurdles event, and won the event in Helsinki. Another 4 ×100 m relay victory yielded Dillards fourth Olympic title, Dillard attempted to qualify for a third Olympics in 1956, but failed. Dillard took part in the 1953 Maccabiah Games, Dillard worked for the Cleveland Indians baseball franchise in scouting and public relations capacities, and hosted a radio talk show on Clevelands WERE. He also worked for the Cleveland City School District for many years as its Business Manager, four-time Olympic Gold Medalist U. S. Olympic Hall of Fame inductee James E. Sullivan Award winner Statue at Baldwin Wallace University McGraw, Daniel. Interview with Harrison Dillard, recorded Sept.13,2012, Harrison Dillard 100m win at 1948 Olympics
8.
Hugo Friend
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Hugo Morris Friend was an American jurist who, in his youth, competed as an athlete in the long jump and hurdles. He is best remembered as the judge who presided over the trial of the Chicago Black Sox, which ended in an acquittal. Friend was born in Prague but came to the United States as an early age and he attended the University of Chicago beginning in 1901, where he became a track star. He was selected for the United States team for the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens and he became a lawyer in 1908 and a judge twelve years later. He presided over the Black Sox trial in 1921, and when they were acquitted, at the time of his 1966 death, he was the oldest active member of the Cook County Circuit Court bench. Hugo Morris Friend, who was Jewish, was born on July 21,1882, in the city of Prague, at an early age, he emigrated to the United States. He graduated from South Division High School in Chicago in 1901, Friend attended the University of Chicago, where he was a track star. He twice won the Big Ten long jump championship, and won a bronze medal in the long jump, finishing fourth in the 100 metre hurdles. He also played football for Chicago, though never at the varsity level, Friend received his undergraduate degree from Chicago in 1906, he continued at the university and secured his law degree in 1908. Friend joined the Illinois Bar in 1908, and began the practice of law in Chicago, in 1916, he was appointed a Master in Chancery of the Superior Court of Cook County by Judge Albert C. On September 18,1920, Republican Governor Frank Lowden appointed him to the Cook County Circuit Court, in 1921, Judge Friend was assigned the case of the Chicago Black Sox, the players had been suspended from baseball after having been indicted for throwing the 1919 World Series. The case had marked by theft of the incriminating statements made by some of the players to the grand jury. He was not called upon to do so, all of the defendants were acquitted amid scenes of jubilation, in 1928, Friend presided over the case against Chicago Mayor William Hale Thompson and three codefendants, ordering them to pay over $2 million paid to real estate experts. He was reversed in his judgment against Mayor Thompson and one of the co-defendants by the Illinois Supreme Court, in 1957, he cleared the way for the movie The Miracle to be shown in Chicago, ruling it was not obscene. He died on April 29,1966, at age 83 the oldest active Cook County Circuit Court judge and he was elected in 2006 into the University of Chicago Athletic Hall of Fame. His listing cites his 1906 Olympic accomplishments and his Big Ten feats, in 1920, Friend married Sadie Cohn of Chicago. List of select Jewish track and field athletes Carney, Gene, burying the Black Sox, How Baseballs Cover-Up of the 1919 World Series Fix Almost Succeeded. Blackball, the Black Sox, and the Babe, jefferson, North Carolina, McFarland & Co. Inc.2002
9.
International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame
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The International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame was opened July 7,1981 in Netanya, Israel. It honors Jewish athletes and their accomplishments from anywhere around the world and it is located at the Wingate Institute for Physical Education and Sport. It has inducted over 300 athletes and sportspersons representing 25 countries, the Hall elects new honorees each year, with submissions due December 1 for votes for the following year. The Hall was founded by Joseph M. Siegman, a producer and writer who lives in Beverly Hills. He chaired the Hall from 1981 to 1989, and later served as chairman of its Selection Committee, the IJSHoF is separate from the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame, an American hall of fame that honors only American Jews. The Pillar of Achievement recognizes Jewish men and women who have significant contributions to sports
10.
Ralph Hutchinson
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Ralph Fielding Hutch Hutchinson was an American football, basketball, and baseball player. Born in Elmira, New York, Hutchinson played varsity football and baseball, hutchison was the third head football coach for the Dickinson College Red Devils in Carlisle, Pennsylvania and he held that position for the 1901 season. His overall coaching record at Dickinson was 3–4 and this ranks him 25th at Dickinson in terms of total wins and 15th at Dickinson in terms of winning percentage. From 1903 to 1905, Hutchinson coached at Texas, where he compiled a 16–7–2 record, Hutchinson was the first basketball coach at the University of New Mexico, compiling a 32–8 record from 1910 to 1917. New Mexico played games only sporadically before the 1920s, with no regular schedule, Hutchinson was hired in August 1918 as head coach at Washington & Jefferson, south of Pittsburgh. Hutchinson was the football coach at the University of Idaho for the 1919 season. A shorter than normal season, his posted a 2–3 record. He also coached the Idaho Vandals mens basketball team for the 1919–20 season, in 1920, Hutchinson moved south to the Idaho Technical Institute in Pocatello. He coached through the 1927 season, tallying a 25–22–2 record at the two-year school and it was renamed Idaho State College in 1947 after gaining four-year status and became Idaho State University in 1963. After the hiring of Leo Calland in 1929, Hutchinson was the trainer and a professor of physical education. Following a brief illness, he died at the age of 57 on March 30,1935 of an attack at his Moscow home. Ralph Hutchinson at the College Football Data Warehouse Ralph Hutchinson at College Basketball at Sports-Reference. com Ralph Hutchinson at Find a Grave
