1.
Extended play
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An extended play is a musical recording that contains more tracks than a single, but is usually unqualified as an album or LP. EPs generally do not contain as many tracks as albums, and are considered less expensive, an EP originally referred to specific types of vinyl records other than 78 rpm standard play and LP, but it is now applied to mid-length CDs and downloads as well. Ricardo Baca of The Denver Post said, EPs—originally extended-play single releases that are shorter than traditional albums—have long been popular with punk, in the United Kingdom, the Official Chart Company defines a boundary between EP and album classification at 25 minutes of length or four tracks. EPs were released in various sizes in different eras, the earliest multi-track records, issued around 1919 by Grey Gull Records, were vertically cut 78 rpm discs known as 2-in-1 records. These had finer than usual grooves, like Edison Disc Records, by 1949, when the 45 rpm single and 33 1⁄3 rpm LP were competing formats, seven-inch 45 rpm singles had a maximum playing time of only about four minutes per side. Partly as an attempt to compete with the LP introduced in 1948 by rival Columbia, RCA Victor introduced Extended Play 45s during 1952. Their narrower grooves, achieved by lowering the levels and sound compression optionally. These were usually 10-inch LPs split onto two seven-inch EPs or 12-inch LPs split onto three seven-inch EPs, either separately or together in gatefold covers. This practice became less common with the advent of triple-speed-available phonographs. Some classical music albums released at the beginning of the LP era were distributed as EP albums—notably the seven operas that Arturo Toscanini conducted on radio between 1944 and 1954. These opera EPs, originally broadcast on the NBC Radio network and manufactured by RCA, in the 1990s, they began appearing on compact discs. During the 1950s, RCA published several EP albums of Walt Disney movies and these usually featured the original casts of actors and actresses. Each album contained two seven-inch records, plus an illustrated booklet containing the text of the recording, so that children could follow along by reading. Some of the titles included Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, and what was then a recent release, because of the popularity of 7 and other formats, SP records became less popular and the production of SPs in Japan was suspended in 1963. In the 1950s and 1960s, EPs were usually compilations of singles or album samplers and were played at 45 rpm on seven-inch discs. Record Retailer printed the first EP chart in 1960, the New Musical Express, Melody Maker, Disc and Music Echo and the Record Mirror continued to list EPs on their respective singles charts. The Beatles Twist and Shout outsold most singles for some weeks in 1963, when the BBC and Record Retailer commissioned the British Market Research Bureau to compile a chart it was restricted to singles and EPs disappeared from the listings. In the Philippines, seven-inch EPs marketed as mini-LPs were introduced in 1970, with tracks selected from an album and this mini-LP format also became popular in America in the early 1970s for promotional releases, and also for use in jukeboxes
2.
Autechre
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Autechre are an English electronic music duo consisting of Rob Brown and Sean Booth, both from Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England. Formed in 1987, they are one of the most popular acts signed to the Warp Records label, known for its electronic music. While heavily associated with IDM, Booth and Brown are ambivalent about relating their sound to established genres, Autechre have also recorded under various pseudonyms. One of the duos earliest recordings was a 12 single released under the alias Lego Feet in 1991 by Skam Records, the majority of releases by the umbrella project Gescom have been attributed to Booth and Brown, among other artists. One recent critic stated that Autechre create some of the most complicated music you could hope to drown in and are recognized as pioneers in experimental music. Booth and Brown pronounce the name Autechre with a Rochdale accent, however, they have explained that the name can be pronounced in any way one sees fit. Booth explains, The first two letters were intentional, because there was an au sound in the track, and the rest of the letters were bashed randomly on the keyboard. We had this title for ages, and we had written it on a cassette. It looked good, and we began using it as our name, Brown and Booth met through Manchesters graffiti scene in 1987 when they both lived in Rochdale. Their first release was Lego Feet, a 12 recorded under an alias of the name brought out by Manchesters Skam Records. Their first release as Autechre was the single Cavity Job in 1991, two more tracks appeared during the following year, under the now finalised Autechre name, on the Warp Records compilation Artificial Intelligence, part of the series of the same name. The compilation contained The Egg, later reworked for their first full-length release under the title Eggshell, in 1993 Warp released their debut album, Incunabula, which became a surprise success, reaching the top of the UK Indie Chart. An EP of remixes of Incunabulas Basscadet was released in 1994 and this music video featured on MTV Europes Party Zone when Autechre were interviewed during the show in September that year. 1994 also saw the release of Amber, an album featuring a more ambient, rave music was defined as music which includes sounds wholly or predominantly characterised by the emission of a succession of repetitive beats. However we advise DJs to have a lawyer and musicologist present at all times to confirm the non repetitive nature of the music in the event of police harassment, in a 2008 interview with Pitchfork Media, Rob Brown mentioned that Incunabula and Amber retrospectively sounded cheesy. Brown later clarified that he was trying to say how they were more simple. 1995 saw the release of Tri Repetae, their album, as well as the EPs Anvil Vapre. Featuring a monochrome cover designed by The Designers Republic, with whom Autechre have long held a close association, Tri Repetae and its associated EPs were combined into a two disc set entitled Tri Repetae++, which was released in the United States
3.
Intelligent dance music
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Intelligent dance music is a genre of electronic music that emerged in the early 1990s. Its creation was influenced by developments in dance music such as Detroit techno. Stylistically, IDM tended to rely upon individualistic experimentation rather than adhering to musical characteristics associated with specific genres of dance music, the range of post-techno styles that emerged in the early 1990s were described variously as art techno, ambient techno, intelligent techno, and electronica. In the United States, the latter is used as a catchall term to describe not only downtempo or downbeat/non-dance electronic music. In 2014, music critic Sasha Frere-Jones observed that the term is widely reviled and he regards UK acts Aphex Twin and Autechre as central to the evolution of the genre. In 1992, Warp released Artificial Intelligence, the first album in the Artificial Intelligence series. Subtitled electronic listening music from Warp, the record was a collection of tracks from such as Autechre, B12, The Black Dog, Aphex Twin and The Orb. Steve Beckett, co-owner of Warp, has said the music that the label was releasing then was targeting a post-club. At the same time, the UK market was saturated with increasingly frenetic breakbeat, in 1993, a number of new intelligent techno/electronica record labels emerged, including New Electronica, Mille Plateaux, 100% Pure, and Ferox Records. In November 1991, the phrase intelligent techno appeared on Usenet in reference to Coils The Snow EP. Off the Internet, the phrase appeared in both the U. S. & UK music press in late 1992, in reference to Jam & Spoons Tales from a Danceographic Ocean. Another instance of the phrase appeared on Usenet in April 1993 in reference to The Black Dogs album Bytes, the first message, sent on 1 August 1993, was entitled Can Dumb People Enjoy IDM, Too. Kirk and The Future Sound of London, and even artists like System 7, William Orbit, Sabres of Paradise, Orbital, Plastikman and Björk. By the end of 1996, Boards of Canada and the Schematic Records label were among the topics of discussion, alongside perennial favorites like Aphex Twin. As of 2015, the mailing list is still active, warps second Artificial Intelligence compilation was released in 1994. The album featured fragments of posts from the IDM mailing list incorporated into typographic artwork by The Designers Republic, sleeve notes by David Toop acknowledged the genres multitude of musical and cultural influences and suggested none should be considered more important than any other. Lesser-known artists on the Likemind label and Kirk Degiorgios A. R. T, in the mid-1990s, North American audiences welcomed IDM, and many IDM record labels were founded, including Drop Beat, Isophlux, Suction, Schematic and Cytrax. In Miami, Florida, labels like Schematic, Merck Records, Nophi Recordings and The Beta Bodega Coalition released material by such as Phoenecia, Dino Felipe, Machinedrum
4.
Warp (record label)
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Warp is an English independent record label, founded in Sheffield in 1989 by record store workers Steve Beckett, Rob Mitchell and record producer Robert Gordon. It is currently based in London, current artists on the label roster include Flying Lotus, Rustie, Oneohtrix Point Never, Danny Brown, Grizzly Bear, Brian Eno, TNGHT, and Kelela. Warp was founded by Steve Beckett and the late Rob Mitchell, the name was chosen because the original name, Warped Records, was difficult to distinguish over the telephone. The first release was by Forgemasters, whose 500 copy pressing of Track with no Name was financed by an Enterprise Allowance grant and it set a trend for the early releases both in terms of sound, and the use of purple sleeves. The follow-up was Nightmares on Waxs Dextrous, which sold around 30,000 copies, the first album released was Sweet Exorcists C. C. E. P. in 1991. In the same year Robert Gordon left Warp acrimoniously, initially all the album releases used gatefold sleeves and coloured vinyl, often designed by The Designers Republic or Phil Wolstenholme. A VHS compilation of digitally animated music videos called Motion was released in conjunction with the second Artificial Intelligence compilation, in 1996 Warp started the Blech club night in Sheffield, also in London between 1997 and 1999, and released an accompanying compilation CD under the same name. The artwork, created by the Designers Republic, had a distinctive Japanese manga influence, the collection celebrated the labels tenth anniversary. In 2000, the label moved its operations to London along with its physical music, co-founder Rob Mitchell was diagnosed with cancer in early 2001. Warpmart has now been absorbed into Bleep. com, today Bleep sells a carefully curated selection of music from a diverse range of labels. The site has released its own limited edition LPs The Green Series. On 27 September 2004, Warp released its music video compilation, named WarpVision. 2005 saw the release of Warp, the first book in the Labels Unlimited series, written by Rob Young, the book gave an illustrated history of the label, as well as offering a complete discography. The Warp website said the book was “A very beautiful thing and like our very own This Is Your Life, the label continued to expand its roster, signing acts including. Battles, Born Ruffians, Maxïmo Park, Gravenhurst and Grizzly Bear, for the labels 20th anniversary in 2009, several Warp20 concerts took place in Paris, New York City, Sheffield, Tokyo, Berlin and London. Warp also celebrated by releasing the Warp20 box set, composed of six parts, Warp20 The Complete Catalogue, Warp20, a CD album featuring an hour-long piece by Osymyso, made from sections, samples and fragments of Warp music from the previous twenty years. Warp20, a double 10” vinyl of loops from Warp tracks, Warp continues to release albums, from artists such as Hudson Mohawke, Flying Lotus, Mark Pritchard, Bibio, Jamie Lidell, Lonelady, Leila, and Gonjasufi. Recent signings include Brian Eno, Oneohtrix Point Never, Mount Kimbie, darkstar, Death Grips, patten and Jeremiah Jae
5.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
6.
Garbage (EP)
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Garbage is the fourth EP by British Electronic music duo Autechre, released by Warp Records on 27 February 1995. Garbage is a companion to their album Amber, being based on material from the same sessions, the cover and interior illustrations are digitally garbled versions of the cover of Amber. Garbage was also released alongside Anvil Vapre as part of the US version of Tri Repetae, on the EP the tracks are written as Garbagemx36/PIOBmx19/Bronchusevenmx24/VLetrmx21. The numbers at the end of the titles are the percentage of the total EP time each track takes up
7.
Tri Repetae
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Tri Repetae is the third studio album by the British electronic music duo Autechre, released on 6 November 1995 by Warp Records in the United Kingdom and on 16 March 1996 by Wax Trax. The album was released in the US as a two-disc set named Tri Repetae++, in Japan, it was released with the bonus track Medrey. The liner notes of the album mention a preference to listen to the album on vinyl for its inclusion of surface noise, the CD version states that the album is incomplete without surface noise whereas the vinyl version states that it is complete with surface noise. All tracks written by Sean Booth and Rob Brown, the bonus disc is made up of the EPs Anvil Vapre and Garbage. Tri Repetae at the official Warp discography
8.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
