1.
Software developer
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A software developer is a person concerned with facets of the software development process, including the research, design, programming, and testing of computer software. Other job titles which are used with similar meanings are programmer, software analyst. According to developer Eric Sink, the differences between system design, software development, and programming are more apparent, even more so that developers become systems architects, those who design the multi-leveled architecture or component interactions of a large software system. In a large company, there may be employees whose sole responsibility consists of one of the phases above. In smaller development environments, a few people or even an individual might handle the complete process. The word software was coined as a prank as early as 1953, before this time, computers were programmed either by customers, or the few commercial computer vendors of the time, such as UNIVAC and IBM. The first company founded to provide products and services was Computer Usage Company in 1955. The software industry expanded in the early 1960s, almost immediately after computers were first sold in mass-produced quantities, universities, government, and business customers created a demand for software. Many of these programs were written in-house by full-time staff programmers, some were distributed freely between users of a particular machine for no charge. Others were done on a basis, and other firms such as Computer Sciences Corporation started to grow. The computer/hardware makers started bundling operating systems, systems software and programming environments with their machines, new software was built for microcomputers, so other manufacturers including IBM, followed DECs example quickly, resulting in the IBM AS/400 amongst others. The industry expanded greatly with the rise of the computer in the mid-1970s. In the following years, it created a growing market for games, applications. DOS, Microsofts first operating system product, was the dominant operating system at the time, by 2014 the role of cloud developer had been defined, in this context, one definition of a developer in general was published, Developers make software for the world to use. The job of a developer is to crank out code -- fresh code for new products, code fixes for maintenance, code for business logic, bus factor Software Developer description from the US Department of Labor
2.
Apache Software Foundation
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The Apache Software Foundation /əˈpætʃiː/ is an American non-profit corporation to support Apache software projects, including the Apache HTTP Server. The ASF was formed from the Apache Group and incorporated in Delaware, the Apache Software Foundation is a decentralized open source community of developers. The software they produce is distributed under the terms of the Apache License and is free, the Apache projects are characterized by a collaborative, consensus-based development process and an open and pragmatic software license. Each project is managed by a team of technical experts who are active contributors to the project. The ASF is a meritocracy, implying that membership of the foundation is granted only to volunteers who have contributed to Apache projects. The ASF is considered a second generation open-source organization, in that support is provided without the risk of platform lock-in. Among the ASFs objectives are, to legal protection to volunteers working on Apache projects. The ASF also holds several ApacheCon conferences each year, highlighting Apache projects, the history of the Apache Software Foundation is linked to the Apache HTTP Server, development beginning in February 1993. A group of eight developers started working on enhancing the NCSA HTTPd daemon and they came to be known as the Apache Group. On March 25,1999, the Apache Software Foundation was formed, the name Apache was chosen from respect for the Native American Apache Nation, well known for their superior skills in warfare strategy and their inexhaustible endurance. It also makes a pun on a patchy web server—a server made from a series of patches—but this was not its origin, the group of developers who released this new software soon started to call themselves the Apache Group. Apache divides its software development activities into separate areas called top-level projects. Unlike some other organizations that host FOSS projects, before a project is hosted at Apache it has to be licensed to the ASF with a grant or contributor agreement. In this way, the ASF gains the necessary intellectual property rights for the development, the ASF board of directors has responsibility for overseeing the ASFs activities and acting as a central point of contact and communication for its projects. The board assigns corporate issues, assigning resources to projects, and manages corporate services, including funds and it does not make technical decisions about individual projects, these are made by the individual Project Management Committees. With no employees and 2,663 volunteers, it spent $270,846 on infrastructure, $92,364 on public relations, Apache Attic Apache Incubator Wikinomics, How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything, Don Tapscott, Anthony D. Williams. Official website ASF Projects Directory ASF Committer Directory General ASF Wiki ApacheCon website ApacheCon Wiki Apache popular APIs in GitHub
3.
C++
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C++ is a general-purpose programming language. It has imperative, object-oriented and generic programming features, while also providing facilities for low-level memory manipulation and it was designed with a bias toward system programming and embedded, resource-constrained and large systems, with performance, efficiency and flexibility of use as its design highlights. C++ is a language, with implementations of it available on many platforms and provided by various organizations, including the Free Software Foundation, LLVM, Microsoft, Intel. C++ is standardized by the International Organization for Standardization, with the latest standard version ratified and published by ISO in December 2014 as ISO/IEC14882,2014. The C++ programming language was standardized in 1998 as ISO/IEC14882,1998. The current C++14 standard supersedes these and C++11, with new features, the C++17 standard is due in 2017, with the draft largely implemented by some compilers already, and C++20 is the next planned standard thereafter. Many other programming languages have influenced by C++, including C#, D, Java. In 1979, Bjarne Stroustrup, a Danish computer scientist, began work on C with Classes, the motivation for creating a new language originated from Stroustrups experience in programming for his Ph. D. thesis. When Stroustrup started working in AT&T Bell Labs, he had the problem of analyzing the UNIX kernel with respect to distributed computing, remembering his Ph. D. experience, Stroustrup set out to enhance the C language with Simula-like features. C was chosen because it was general-purpose, fast, portable, as well as C and Simulas influences, other languages also influenced C++, including ALGOL68, Ada, CLU and ML. Initially, Stroustrups C with Classes added features to the C compiler, Cpre, including classes, derived classes, strong typing, inlining, furthermore, it included the development of a standalone compiler for C++, Cfront. In 1985, the first edition of The C++ Programming Language was released, the first commercial implementation of C++ was released in October of the same year. In 1989, C++2.0 was released, followed by the second edition of The C++ Programming Language in 1991. New features in 2.0 included multiple inheritance, abstract classes, static functions, const member functions. In 1990, The Annotated C++ Reference Manual was published and this work became the basis for the future standard. Later feature additions included templates, exceptions, namespaces, new casts, after a minor C++14 update released in December 2014, various new additions are planned for 2017 and 2020. According to Stroustrup, the name signifies the nature of the changes from C. This name is credited to Rick Mascitti and was first used in December 1983, when Mascitti was questioned informally in 1992 about the naming, he indicated that it was given in a tongue-in-cheek spirit
4.
Library (computing)
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In computer science, a library is a collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often to develop software. These may include data, documentation, help data, message templates, pre-written code. In IBMs OS/360 and its successors they are referred to as partitioned data sets, a library is also a collection of implementations of behavior, written in terms of a language, that has a well-defined interface by which the behavior is invoked. For instance, people who want to write a higher level program can use a library to make system calls instead of implementing those system calls over and over again, in addition, the behavior is provided for reuse by multiple independent programs. A program invokes the library-provided behavior via a mechanism of the language, for example, in a simple imperative language such as C, the behavior in a library is invoked by using Cs normal function-call. What distinguishes the call as being to a library, versus being to function in the same program, is the way that the code is organized in the system. This distinction can gain a hierarchical notion when a program grows large, in that case, there may be internal libraries that are reused by independent sub-portions of the large program. The value of a lies in the reuse of the behavior. When a program invokes a library, it gains the behavior implemented inside that library without having to implement that behavior itself, libraries encourage the sharing of code in a modular fashion, and ease the distribution of the code. The behavior implemented by a library can be connected to the program at different program lifecycle phases. If the code of the library is accessed during the build of the invoking program, an alternative is to build the executable of the invoking program and distribute that, independently of the library implementation. The library behavior is connected after the executable has been invoked to be executed, either as part of the process of starting the execution, in this case the library is called a dynamic library. A dynamic library can be loaded and linked when preparing a program for execution, alternatively, in the middle of execution, an application may explicitly request that a module be loaded. Most compiled languages have a library although programmers can also create their own custom libraries. Most modern software systems provide libraries that implement the majority of the system services, such libraries have commoditized the services which a modern application requires. As such, most code used by modern applications is provided in these system libraries, the earliest programming concepts analogous to libraries were intended to separate data definitions from the program implementation. JOVIAL brought the COMPOOL concept to popular attention in 1959, although it adopted the idea from the large-system SAGE software, COBOL also included primitive capabilities for a library system in 1959, but Jean Sammet described them as inadequate library facilities in retrospect. Another major contributor to the library concept came in the form of the subprogram innovation of FORTRAN
5.
Software license
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A software license is a legal instrument governing the use or redistribution of software. Under United States copyright law all software is copyright protected, in code as also object code form. The only exception is software in the public domain, most distributed software can be categorized according to its license type. Two common categories for software under copyright law, and therefore with licenses which grant the licensee specific rights, are proprietary software and free, unlicensed software outside the copyright protection is either public domain software or software which is non-distributed, non-licensed and handled as internal business trade secret. Contrary to popular belief, distributed unlicensed software is copyright protected. Examples for this are unauthorized software leaks or software projects which are placed on public software repositories like GitHub without specified license. As voluntarily handing software into the domain is problematic in some international law domains, there are also licenses granting PD-like rights. Therefore, the owner of a copy of software is legally entitled to use that copy of software. Hence, if the end-user of software is the owner of the respective copy, as many proprietary licenses only enumerate the rights that the user already has under 17 U. S. C. §117, and yet proclaim to take away from the user. Proprietary software licenses often proclaim to give software publishers more control over the way their software is used by keeping ownership of each copy of software with the software publisher. The form of the relationship if it is a lease or a purchase, for example UMG v. Augusto or Vernor v. Autodesk. The ownership of goods, like software applications and video games, is challenged by licensed. The Swiss based company UsedSoft innovated the resale of business software and this feature of proprietary software licenses means that certain rights regarding the software are reserved by the software publisher. Therefore, it is typical of EULAs to include terms which define the uses of the software, the most significant effect of this form of licensing is that, if ownership of the software remains with the software publisher, then the end-user must accept the software license. In other words, without acceptance of the license, the end-user may not use the software at all, one example of such a proprietary software license is the license for Microsoft Windows. The most common licensing models are per single user or per user in the appropriate volume discount level, Licensing per concurrent/floating user also occurs, where all users in a network have access to the program, but only a specific number at the same time. Another license model is licensing per dongle which allows the owner of the dongle to use the program on any computer, Licensing per server, CPU or points, regardless the number of users, is common practice as well as site or company licenses
6.
Apache License
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The Apache License, Version 2.0 is a permissive free software license written by the Apache Software Foundation. The Apache License requires preservation of the notice and disclaimer. This makes ALv2 a FRAND-RF license, the ASF and its projects release the software they produce under the Apache License and many non-ASF projects are also using the ALv2. A free software license is a notice that grants the recipient extensive rights to modify, Software using such a license is free software as conferred by the copyright holder. Free software licenses are applied to software in source code as also object code form. The ASF adopted the Apache License 2.0 in January 2004, the Apache License is permissive in that it does not require a derivative work of the software, or modifications to the original, to be distributed using the same license. Modifications may have appropriate copyright notices, and may provide different license terms for the modifications, in October 2012,8,708 projects located at SourceForge. net were available under the terms of the Apache License. In a blog post from May 2008, Google mentioned that over 25% of the nearly 100,000 projects then hosted on Google Code were using the Apache License, including the Android operating system. As of 2015, according to Black Duck Software and GitHub, free software license Comparison of free and open-source software licenses Software using the Apache license Apache Licenses Quick Summary of the Apache License 2.0
7.
Open-source model
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Open-source software may be developed in a collaborative public manner. According to scientists who studied it, open-source software is a prominent example of open collaboration, a 2008 report by the Standish Group states that adoption of open-source software models has resulted in savings of about $60 billion per year to consumers. In the early days of computing, programmers and developers shared software in order to learn from each other, eventually the open source notion moved to the way side of commercialization of software in the years 1970-1980. In 1997, Eric Raymond published The Cathedral and the Bazaar and this source code subsequently became the basis behind SeaMonkey, Mozilla Firefox, Thunderbird and KompoZer. Netscapes act prompted Raymond and others to look into how to bring the Free Software Foundations free software ideas, the new term they chose was open source, which was soon adopted by Bruce Perens, publisher Tim OReilly, Linus Torvalds, and others. The Open Source Initiative was founded in February 1998 to encourage use of the new term, a Microsoft executive publicly stated in 2001 that open source is an intellectual property destroyer. I cant imagine something that could be worse than this for the software business, IBM, Oracle, Google and State Farm are just a few of the companies with a serious public stake in todays competitive open-source market. There has been a significant shift in the corporate philosophy concerning the development of FOSS, the free software movement was launched in 1983. In 1998, a group of individuals advocated that the free software should be replaced by open-source software as an expression which is less ambiguous. Software developers may want to publish their software with an open-source license, the Open Source Definition, notably, presents an open-source philosophy, and further defines the terms of usage, modification and redistribution of open-source software. Software licenses grant rights to users which would otherwise be reserved by law to the copyright holder. Several open-source software licenses have qualified within the boundaries of the Open Source Definition, the open source label came out of a strategy session held on April 7,1998 in Palo Alto in reaction to Netscapes January 1998 announcement of a source code release for Navigator. They used the opportunity before the release of Navigators source code to clarify a potential confusion caused by the ambiguity of the free in English. Many people claimed that the birth of the Internet, since 1969, started the open source movement, the Free Software Foundation, started in 1985, intended the word free to mean freedom to distribute and not freedom from cost. Since a great deal of free software already was free of charge, such software became associated with zero cost. The Open Source Initiative was formed in February 1998 by Eric Raymond and they sought to bring a higher profile to the practical benefits of freely available source code, and they wanted to bring major software businesses and other high-tech industries into open source. Perens attempted to open source as a service mark for the OSI. The Open Source Initiatives definition is recognized by governments internationally as the standard or de facto definition, OSI uses The Open Source Definition to determine whether it considers a software license open source
8.
XSLT
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XSLT1.0 is widely supported in modern web browsers. The original document is not changed, rather, a new document is created based on the content of an existing one, XSLT is a Turing-complete language, meaning it can specify any computation that can be performed by a computer. XSLT is influenced by functional languages, and by text-based pattern matching languages like SNOBOL and its most direct predecessor is DSSSL, which did for SGML what XSLT does for XML. XSLT1.0, XSLT was part of the World Wide Web Consortium s Extensible Stylesheet Language development effort of 1998–1999, some members of the standards committee that developed XSLT, including James Clark, the editor, had previously worked on DSSSL. XSLT1.0 was published as a W3C recommendation in November 1999, building on this is XSLT2.0, developed under the editorship of Michael Kay, which reached recommendation status in January 2007. As of 2010, however, XSLT1.0 is still widely used, XSLT3.0, is a W3C Candidate Recommendation as at February 2017. The working draft allows XML streaming which will be useful for processing documents too large to fit in memory, improvements to the modularity of large stylesheets. Improved handling of errors with, for example, an xsl. Functions can now be arguments to other functions, the XSLT processor takes one or more XML source documents, plus one or more XSLT stylesheets, and processes them to produce an output document. In contrast to widely implemented imperative programming languages like C, XSLT is declarative, the basic processing paradigm is pattern matching. The processor follows a fixed algorithm, first, assuming a stylesheet has already been read and prepared, the processor builds a source tree from the input XML document. It then processes the source trees root node, finds the best-matching template for that node in the stylesheet, and evaluates the templates contents. Instructions in each template generally direct the processor to either create nodes in the result tree, output derives from the result tree. Altova RaptorXML Server, cross-platform engine that supports XSLT1.0 and 2.0, most of XPath 3.0, allows command line operations and interfaces to COM, Java, and. NET and also includes a built-in HTTP server. Exselt, A streaming XSLT3.0 processor which runs on the. NET framework written in F#, fully supports the XSLT3.0 Draft, XPath 3.0 Recommendation and XDM3.0 Recommendation standards. Libxslt is a free library released under the MIT License that can be reused in commercial applications and it is based on libxml and implemented in C for speed and portability. It supports XSLT1.0 and EXSLT extensions. It can be used at the line via xsltproc which is included in macOS and many Linux distributions. The WebKit and Blink layout engines, used for example in the Safari and Chrome web browsers respectively, bindings exist for Python, Perl, Ruby, PHP, Common Lisp, Tcl, and C++
9.
XML
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In computing, Extensible Markup Language is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. The W3Cs XML1.0 Specification and several other related specifications—all of them free open standards—define XML, the design goals of XML emphasize simplicity, generality, and usability across the Internet. It is a data format with strong support via Unicode for different human languages. Although the design of XML focuses on documents, the language is used for the representation of arbitrary data structures such as those used in web services. Several schema systems exist to aid in the definition of XML-based languages, hundreds of document formats using XML syntax have been developed, including RSS, Atom, SOAP, SVG, and XHTML. XML-based formats have become the default for many office-productivity tools, including Microsoft Office, OpenOffice. org and LibreOffice, XML has also provided the base language for communication protocols such as XMPP. Applications for the Microsoft. NET Framework use XML files for configuration, apple has an implementation of a registry based on XML. XML has come into use for the interchange of data over the Internet. IETF RFC7303 gives rules for the construction of Internet Media Types for use when sending XML and it also defines the media types application/xml and text/xml, which say only that the data is in XML, and nothing about its semantics. The use of text/xml has been criticized as a source of encoding problems. RFC7303 also recommends that XML-based languages be given media types ending in +xml, further guidelines for the use of XML in a networked context appear in RFC3470, also known as IETF BCP70, a document covering many aspects of designing and deploying an XML-based language. The material in this section is based on the XML Specification and this is not an exhaustive list of all the constructs that appear in XML, it provides an introduction to the key constructs most often encountered in day-to-day use. Character An XML document is a string of characters, almost every legal Unicode character may appear in an XML document. Processor and application The processor analyzes the markup and passes structured information to an application, the specification places requirements on what an XML processor must do and not do, but the application is outside its scope. The processor is often referred to colloquially as an XML parser, Markup and content The characters making up an XML document are divided into markup and content, which may be distinguished by the application of simple syntactic rules. Generally, strings that constitute markup either begin with the character < and end with a >, or they begin with the character &, strings of characters that are not markup are content. However, in a CDATA section, the delimiters <. > are classified as markup, in addition, whitespace before and after the outermost element is classified as markup. Tag A tag is a construct that begins with <
10.
XPath
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XPath is a query language for selecting nodes from an XML document. In addition, XPath may be used to compute values from the content of an XML document, XPath was defined by the World Wide Web Consortium. The XPath language is based on a representation of the XML document. In popular use, an XPath expression is often referred to simply as an XPath, XPath has been adopted by a number of XML processing libraries and tools, many of which also offer CSS Selectors, another W3C standard, as a simpler alternative to XPath. There are several versions of XPath in use, XPath 1.0 was published in 1999, XPath 2.0 in 2007, and XPath 3.0 in 2014. Version 3.1 is at Proposed Recommendation status, however, XPath 1.0 is still the version that is most widely available. XPath 1.0 became a Recommendation on 16 November 1999 and is implemented and used, either on its own, or embedded in languages such as XSLT, XProc. XPath 2.0 became a Recommendation on 23 January 2007, a number of implementations exist but are not as widely used as XPath 1.0. The XPath 2.0 language specification is much larger than XPath 1.0, the most notable change is that XPath 2.0 is built around the XQuery and XPath Data Model that has a much richer type system. Every value is now a sequence, XPath 1.0 node-sets are replaced by node sequences, which may be in any order. To support richer type sets, XPath 2.0 offers an expanded set of functions. XPath 2.0 is in fact a subset of XQuery 1.0 and they share the same data model. It offers a for expression that is a version of the FLWOR expressions in XQuery. XPath 3.0 became a Recommendation on 8 April 2014, the most significant new feature is support for functions as first-class values. For details about whats new about XPath 3.0, see XPath 3.0 is a subset of XQuery 3.0, XPath 3.1 became a Recommendation on 21 March 2017. This version adds new data types, maps and arrays, largely to support for JSON. The most important kind of expression in XPath is a location path, a location path consists of a sequence of location steps. Each location step has three components, an axis a node test zero or more predicates, an XPath expression is evaluated with respect to a context node
11.
Programming language
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A programming language is a formal computer language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms. From the early 1800s, programs were used to direct the behavior of such as Jacquard looms. Thousands of different programming languages have created, mainly in the computer field. Many programming languages require computation to be specified in an imperative form while other languages use forms of program specification such as the declarative form. The description of a language is usually split into the two components of syntax and semantics. Some languages are defined by a document while other languages have a dominant implementation that is treated as a reference. Some languages have both, with the language defined by a standard and extensions taken from the dominant implementation being common. A programming language is a notation for writing programs, which are specifications of a computation or algorithm, some, but not all, authors restrict the term programming language to those languages that can express all possible algorithms. For example, PostScript programs are created by another program to control a computer printer or display. More generally, a language may describe computation on some, possibly abstract. It is generally accepted that a specification for a programming language includes a description, possibly idealized. In most practical contexts, a programming language involves a computer, consequently, abstractions Programming languages usually contain abstractions for defining and manipulating data structures or controlling the flow of execution. Expressive power The theory of computation classifies languages by the computations they are capable of expressing, all Turing complete languages can implement the same set of algorithms. ANSI/ISO SQL-92 and Charity are examples of languages that are not Turing complete, markup languages like XML, HTML, or troff, which define structured data, are not usually considered programming languages. Programming languages may, however, share the syntax with markup languages if a computational semantics is defined, XSLT, for example, is a Turing complete XML dialect. Moreover, LaTeX, which is used for structuring documents. The term computer language is used interchangeably with programming language
12.
IBM
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International Business Machines Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries. The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company and was renamed International Business Machines in 1924, IBM manufactures and markets computer hardware, middleware and software, and offers hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. IBM is also a research organization, holding the record for most patents generated by a business for 24 consecutive years. IBM has continually shifted its business mix by exiting commoditizing markets and focusing on higher-value, also in 2014, IBM announced that it would go fabless, continuing to design semiconductors, but offloading manufacturing to GlobalFoundries. Nicknamed Big Blue, IBM is one of 30 companies included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average and one of the worlds largest employers, with nearly 380,000 employees. Known as IBMers, IBM employees have been awarded five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, ten National Medals of Technology, in the 1880s, technologies emerged that would ultimately form the core of what would become International Business Machines. On June 16,1911, their four companies were amalgamated in New York State by Charles Ranlett Flint forming a fifth company, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company based in Endicott, New York. The five companies had 1,300 employees and offices and plants in Endicott and Binghamton, New York, Dayton, Ohio, Detroit, Michigan, Washington, D. C. and Toronto. They manufactured machinery for sale and lease, ranging from commercial scales and industrial time recorders, meat and cheese slicers, to tabulators and punched cards. Thomas J. Watson, Sr. fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry Patterson, called on Flint and, Watson joined CTR as General Manager then,11 months later, was made President when court cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved. Having learned Pattersons pioneering business practices, Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTRs companies and his favorite slogan, THINK, became a mantra for each companys employees. During Watsons first four years, revenues more than doubled to $9 million, Watson had never liked the clumsy hyphenated title of the CTR and in 1924 chose to replace it with the more expansive title International Business Machines. By 1933 most of the subsidiaries had been merged into one company, in 1937, IBMs tabulating equipment enabled organizations to process unprecedented amounts of data, its clients including the U. S. During the Second World War the company produced small arms for the American war effort, in 1949, Thomas Watson, Sr. created IBM World Trade Corporation, a subsidiary of IBM focused on foreign operations. In 1952, he stepped down after almost 40 years at the company helm, in 1957, the FORTRAN scientific programming language was developed. In 1961, IBM developed the SABRE reservation system for American Airlines, in 1963, IBM employees and computers helped NASA track the orbital flight of the Mercury astronauts. A year later it moved its headquarters from New York City to Armonk. The latter half of the 1960s saw IBM continue its support of space exploration, on April 7,1964, IBM announced the first computer system family, the IBM System/360
13.
Sun Microsystems
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Sun contributed significantly to the evolution of several key computing technologies, among them Unix, RISC processors, thin client computing, and virtualized computing. Sun was founded on February 24,1982, at its height, the Sun headquarters were in Santa Clara, California, on the former west campus of the Agnews Developmental Center. On January 27,2010, Oracle Corporation acquired Sun by for US$7.4 billion, other technologies include the Java platform, MySQL, and NFS. Sun was a proponent of open systems in general and Unix in particular, the initial design for what became Suns first Unix workstation, the Sun-1, was conceived by Andy Bechtolsheim when he was a graduate student at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. Bechtolsheim originally designed the SUN workstation for the Stanford University Network communications project as a personal CAD workstation and it was designed around the Motorola 68000 processor with an advanced memory management unit to support the Unix operating system with virtual memory support. He built the first ones from spare parts obtained from Stanfords Department of Computer Science, on February 24,1982, Vinod Khosla, Andy Bechtolsheim, and Scott McNealy, all Stanford graduate students, founded Sun Microsystems. Bill Joy of Berkeley, a developer of the Berkeley Software Distribution. The Sun name is derived from the initials of the Stanford University Network, Sun was profitable from its first quarter in July 1982. By 1983 Sun was known for producing 68000-based systems with high-quality graphics that were the only computers other than DECs VAX to run 4. 2BSD and it licensed the computer design to other manufacturers, which typically used it to build Multibus-based systems running Unix from UniSoft. Suns initial public offering was in 1986 under the stock symbol SUNW, the symbol was changed in 2007 to JAVA, Sun stated that the brand awareness associated with its Java platform better represented the companys current strategy. Suns logo, which features four interleaved copies of the sun in the form of a rotationally symmetric ambigram, was designed by professor Vaughan Pratt. The initial version of the logo was orange and had the sides oriented horizontally and vertically, but it was rotated to stand on one corner and re-colored purple. In the dot-com bubble, Sun began making more money. It also began spending more, hiring workers and building itself out. Some of this was because of demand, but much was from web start-up companies anticipating business that would never happen. Sales in Suns important hardware division went into free-fall as customers closed shop, several quarters of steep losses led to executive departures, rounds of layoffs, and other cost cutting. In December 2001, the fell to the 1998, pre-bubble level of about $100. But it kept falling, faster than many other tech companies, a year later it had dipped below $10 but bounced back to $20
14.
Libxml2
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Libxml2 is a software library for parsing XML documents. It is also the basis for the library which processes XSLT-1.0 stylesheets. Written in the C programming language, libxml2 provides bindings to C++, Ch, XSH, C#, Python, Kylix/Delphi and other Pascals, Ruby, Common Lisp and it can be accessed from the Perl programming language using the XML, LibXML module. It was originally developed for the GNOME project, but can be used outside it, the libXML code is highly portable, since it depends on standard ANSI C libraries only, and it is released under the MIT license. This library was written by Daniel Veillard and enjoys active feedback from its users and it includes the command-line utility xmllint and an HTML parser. Libxslt XML validation Comparison of HTML parsers Saxon XSLT Xerces LibXML Home Page XML, LibXML Perl module
15.
Apache Accumulo
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Apache Accumulo is a computer software project that developed a sorted, distributed key/value store based on the Bigtable technology from Google. It is a built on top of Apache Hadoop, Apache ZooKeeper. Written in Java, Accumulo has cell-level access labels and server-side programming mechanisms, Accumulo is the third most popular NoSQL wide column store according to the DB-Engines ranking, behind Apache Cassandra and Hbase as of 2015. Accumulo was created in 2008 by the US National Security Agency, on March 21,2012, Accumulo graduated from incubation at Apache, making it a top-level project. In June 2012 the US Senate Armed Services Committee released the Draft 2012 Department of Defense Authorization Bill, in the draft bill SASC required DoD to evaluate whether Apache Accumulo could achieve commercial viability before implementing it throughout DoD. Specific criteria were not included in the language, but the establishment of commercial entities supporting Apache Accumulo could be considered a success factor. Apache Accumulo extends the Bigtable data model, adding a new element to the key called Column Visibility and this element stores a logical combination of security labels that must be satisfied at query time in order for the key and value to be returned as part of a user request. This allows data of varying security requirements to be stored in the same table, in addition to Cell-Level Security, Apache Accumulo provides a server-side programming mechanism called Iterators that allows users to perform additional processing at the Tablet Server. The range of operations that can be applied is equivalent to those that can be implemented within a MapReduce Combiner function,2011 YCSB++, Benchmarking and Performance Debugging Advanced Features in Scalable Table Stores by Carnegie Mellon University and the National Security Agency. 2012 Driving Big Data With Big Compute by MIT Lincoln Laboratory,2013 D4M2.0 Schema, A General Purpose High Performance Schema for the Accumulo Database by MIT Lincoln Laboratory
16.
Apache ActiveMQ
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Apache ActiveMQ is an open source message broker written in Java together with a full Java Message Service client. It provides Enterprise Features which in this case means fostering the communication more than one client or server. Supported clients include Java via JMS1.1 as well as other cross language clients. The communication is managed with features such as computer clustering and ability to use any database as a JMS persistence provider besides virtual memory, cache, a robust horizontal scaling mechanism, called a Network of Brokers, is also supported out of the box. ActiveMQ is used in enterprise service bus implementations such as Apache ServiceMix, other projects using ActiveMQ include Apache Camel and Apache CXF in SOA infrastructure projects. Coinciding with the release of Apache ActiveMQ5.3, the worlds first results for the SPECjms2007 industry standard benchmark were announced, four results were submitted to the SPEC and accepted for publication. The results cover different topologies to analyze the scalability of Apache ActiveMQ in two dimensions, ActiveMQ is currently in major version 5
17.
Apache Ant
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Apache Ant is a software tool for automating software build processes, which originated from the Apache Tomcat project in early 2000. It was a replacement for the Unix make build tool, and was created due to a number of problems with the unix make and it is similar to Make but is implemented using the Java language, requires the Java platform, and is best suited to building Java projects. The most immediately noticeable difference between Ant and Make is that Ant uses XML to describe the process and its dependencies. By default the XML file is named build. xml, Ant is an Apache Software Foundation project. It is open-source software, and is released under the Apache License, Ant was conceived by James Duncan Davidson while preparing Suns reference JSP/Servlet engine, later Apache Tomcat, for release as open source. Ant was officially released as a product on July 19,2000. At one time, Ant was the tool used by most Java development projects. For example, most open source Java developers include build. xml files with their distribution, because Ant made it trivial to integrate JUnit tests with the build process, Ant made it easy for willing developers to adopt test-driven development, and even Extreme Programming. WOProject-Ant is just one of examples of a task extension written for Ant. These extensions are put to use by copying their jar files into ants lib directory, once this is done, these extension tasks can be invoked directly in the typical build. xml file. The WOProject extensions allow WebObjects developers to use ant in building their frameworks and applications, Antcontrib provides a collection of tasks such as conditional statements and operations on properties as well as other useful tasks. Ant-contrib. unkrig. de implements tasks and types for networking, Swing user interfaces, JSON processing, other task extensions exist for Perforce. Net, EJB, and filesystem manipulations, just to name a few. Below is listed a sample build. xml file for a simple Java Hello and it defines four targets - clean, clobber, compile and jar, each of which has an associated description. The jar target lists the target as a dependency. This tells Ant that before it can start the jar target it must first complete the compile target, within each target are the actions that Ant must take to build that target, these are performed using built-in tasks. For example, to build the compile target Ant must first create a directory called classes, therefore, the tasks used are mkdir and javac. These perform a task to the command-line utilities of the same name. Another task used in this example is named jar, This Ant task has the name as the common Java command-line utility, JAR
18.
Apache HTTP Server
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The Apache HTTP Server, colloquially called Apache, is the worlds most used web server software. Originally based on the NCSA HTTPd server, development of Apache began in early 1995 after work on the NCSA code stalled. Apache played a key role in the growth of the World Wide Web, quickly overtaking NCSA HTTPd as the dominant HTTP server. In 2009, it became the first web server software to more than 100 million websites. Apache is developed and maintained by a community of developers under the auspices of the Apache Software Foundation. Most commonly used on a Unix-like system, the software is available for a variety of operating systems besides Unix, version 2.0 improved support for non-Unix, e. g. Windows and OS/2. Old versions of Apache were ported to run on e. g. OpenVMS, released under the Apache License, Apache is free and open-source software. As of July 2016, Apache was estimated to serve 46. 41% of all websites and 43. 18% of the top million websites. According to the FAQ in the Apache project website, the name Apache was chosen out of respect to the Native American tribe Apache and their skills in warfare. The name was believed to be a pun on A Patchy Server. I wish I could say that it was something fantastic, I put it on a page and then a few months later when this project started, I pointed people to this page and said, Hey, what do you think of that idea. Someone said they liked the name and that it was a good pun. He said, Well, were building a server out of a bunch of software patches, so its a patchy Web server. When I thought of the name, no and it just sort of connotated, Take no prisoners. Be kind of aggressive and kick some ass, when Apache is running, its process name is sometimes httpd, which is short for HTTP daemon. Apache supports a variety of features, many implemented as compiled modules which extend the core functionality and these can range from server-side programming language support to authentication schemes. Some common language interfaces support Perl, Python, Tcl, popular authentication modules include mod_access, mod_auth, mod_digest, and mod_auth_digest, the successor to mod_digest. A sample of other features include Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security support, a module, a URL rewriting module, custom log files
19.
Apache Axis
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Apache Axis is an open-source, XML based Web service framework. It consists of a Java and a C++ implementation of the SOAP server, using Apache Axis, developers can create interoperable, distributed computing applications. Axis development takes place under the auspices of the Apache Software Foundation, when using the Java version of Axis there are two ways to expose Java code as Web service. The easiest one is to use Axis native JWS files, another way is to use custom deployment. Custom deployment enables you to customize resources that should be exposed as Web services, JWS files contain Java class source code that should be exposed as Web service. The main difference between an ordinary java file and jws file is the file extension, another difference is that jws files are deployed as source code and not compiled class files. The following example is taken from http, //axis. apache. org/axis/java/user-guide. html#Publishing_Web_Services_with_Axis and it will expose methods add and subtract of class Calculator. Once the Axis servlet is deployed, you need only to copy the jws file to the Axis directory on the server and this will work if you are using an Apache Tomcat container. In the case that you are using another web container, custom WAR archive creation will be required, JWS Web service is accessible using the URL http, //localhost, 8080/axis/Calculator. jws. If you are running a configuration of Apache Tomcat or a different container. Custom Web service deployment requires a specific deployment descriptor called WSDD syntax and it can be used to specify resources that should be exposed as Web services. Current version supports RPC services EJB - stateless When a Web service is exposed using Axis it will generate a WSDL file automatically when accessing the Web service URL with. WSDL appended to it, for more information on the individual steps go directly to the tutorial
20.
Apache Bloodhound
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Apache Bloodhound is an open source web-based project management and bug tracking system. The program is built on top of Trac and it is developed and maintained by volunteers at the Apache Software Foundation. The project was submitted to the Apache Incubator by WANdisco after integration with an issue tracker was the most requested feature for uberSVN. Bloodhound graduated from the incubator on 2013-03-20 and became an Apache Top Level Project, Bloodhound is written in the Python programming language and released under the Apache Software License. In addition Bloodhound has integrated the Python library Whoosh in version 0.5, providing full text search and search navigation by facets, Comparison of project management software Comparison of issue-tracking systems Software configuration management Apache Allura Kallithea Official website
21.
Apache Cassandra
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Cassandra offers robust support for clusters spanning multiple datacenters, with asynchronous masterless replication allowing low latency operations for all clients. Cassandra also places a value on performance. In 2012, University of Toronto researchers studying NoSQL systems concluded that In terms of scalability, Cassandra achieves the highest throughput for the maximum number of nodes in all experiments although this comes at the price of high write and read latencies. Avinash Lakshman and Prashant Malik initially developed Cassandra at Facebook to power the Facebook inbox search feature, Facebook released Cassandra as an open-source project on Google code in July 2008. In March 2009 it became an Apache Incubator project, on February 17,2010 it graduated to a top-level project. Facebook developers named their database after the Trojan mythological prophet Cassandra - with classical allusions to a curse on an oracle, Decentralized Every node in the cluster has the same role. There is no point of failure. Data is distributed across the cluster, but there is no master as every node can service any request, supports replication and multi data center replication Replication strategies are configurable. Cassandra is designed as a system, for deployment of large numbers of nodes across multiple data centers. Key features of Cassandra’s distributed architecture are specifically tailored for multiple-data center deployment, for redundancy, Scalability Read and write throughput both increase linearly as new machines are added, with no downtime or interruption to applications. Fault-tolerant Data is automatically replicated to multiple nodes for fault-tolerance, Replication across multiple data centers is supported. Failed nodes can be replaced with no downtime, tunable consistency Writes and reads offer a tunable level of consistency, all the way from writes never fail to block for all replicas to be readable, with the quorum level in the middle. MapReduce support Cassandra has Hadoop integration, with MapReduce support, there is support also for Apache Pig and Apache Hive. Query language Cassandra introduced the Cassandra Query Language, CQL is a simple interface for accessing Cassandra, as an alternative to the traditional Structured Query Language. CQL adds a layer that hides implementation details of this structure and provides native syntaxes for collections. Language drivers are available for Java, Python, Node. JS, Go, below an example of keyspace creation, including a column family in CQL3. One update may affect one column while another affects the other, Cassandra is essentially a hybrid between a key-value and a column-oriented database management system. Its data model is a partitioned row store with tunable consistency, rows are organized into tables, the first component of a tables primary key is the partition key, within a partition, rows are clustered by the remaining columns of the key
22.
Apache Cayenne
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Apache Cayenne is an open source persistence framework licensed under the Apache License, providing object-relational mapping and remoting services. Cayenne binds one or more database schemas directly to Java objects, managing atomic commit and rollbacks, SQL generation, joins, sequences, with Cayennes Remote Object Persistence, those Java objects can even be persisted out to clients via Web Services. Or, with native XML serialization, objects can be further persisted to non-Java clients—such as an Ajax-capable browser, Cayenne supports database reverse engineering and generation, as well as a Velocity-based class generation engine. All of these functions can be controlled directly through the CayenneModeler, no XML- or annotation-based configuration is required. An entire database schema can be mapped directly to Java objects quickly and these things together make Cayenne interesting for a user who is new to the enterprise world. Most importantly, Cayenne can scale up or down to any project size. Cayenne started as a run by Objectstyle and led by Andrus Adamchik. It was released under the Apache license from its first release in July 2002, in early 2006 the project moved from Objectstyle to the Apache Software Foundation and in December 2006 was promoted to be a top level project of Apache. Apache OpenJPA Official website Objectstyle Cayenne article on theserverside
23.
Apache CloudStack
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CloudStack is an open source cloud computing software for creating, managing, and deploying infrastructure cloud services. It uses existing hypervisors such as KVM, VMware ESXi and XenServer/XCP for virtualization, in addition to its own API, CloudStack also supports the Amazon Web Services API and the Open Cloud Computing Interface from the Open Grid Forum. CloudStack was originally developed by Cloud. com, formerly known as VMOps, Cloud. com was first registered in 1992 as a BBS system offering telnet, ftp, lynx, gopher and archie services, Cloud City Online by John Bilik in Lake Zurich, Il. The domain was hijacked several years later and sold multiple times, a company called VMOps was founded by Sheng Liang, Shannon Williams, Alex Huang, Will Chan, and Chiradeep Vittal in 2008. The company raised a total of $17. 6M in venture funding from Redpoint Ventures, Nexus Ventures, the company changed its name from VMOps to Cloud. com on May 4,2010, when it emerged from stealth mode by announcing its product. Cloud. com was based in Cupertino, California, in May 2010, Cloud. com released most of CloudStack as free software under the GNU General Public License, version 3. Cloud. com and Citrix both supported OpenStack, another Apache-licensed cloud computing program, at its announcement in July 2010. In October 2010, Cloud. com announced a partnership with Microsoft to develop the code to provide integration, in July 2011, Cloud. com was acquired by Citrix Systems. The CloudStack software then became available under Apache Software License and further development governed by the Apache Foundation, Citrix purchased Cloud. com on July 12,2011, for approximately $200 million. In August 2011, Citrix released the code under GPLv3. In February 2012, Citrix released CloudStack 3.0, among other features, this added support for Swift, OpenStacks S3-like object storage solution. In April 2012, Citrix donated CloudStack to the Apache Software Foundation, as part of this change, Citrix also ceased their involvement in OpenStack. On November 6,2012, CloudStack 4.0. 0-incubating was announced, on March 20,2013, CloudStack graduated from Apache Incubator and became a Top-Level Project of ASF. In its smallest deployment, a machine can act as both the Management Server and the hypervisor host. Multiple management servers can be configured for redundancy and load balancing, in July 2012 it was reported that Datapipe launched the largest international public cloud to be built on CloudStack, which included 6 data centers in the USA, Britain, and Asia
24.
Apache Cordova
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Apache Cordova is a mobile application development framework originally created by Nitobi. Adobe Systems purchased Nitobi in 2011, rebranded it as PhoneGap and it enables wrapping up of CSS, HTML, and JavaScript code depending upon the platform of the device. It extends the features of HTML and JavaScript to work with the device, the resulting applications are hybrid, meaning that they are neither truly native mobile application nor purely Web-based. Mixing native and hybrid code snippets has been possible since version 1.9, the software was previously called just PhoneGap, then Apache Callback. As open-source software, Apache Cordova allows wrappers around it, such as Appery. io or Intel XDK, PhoneGap is Adobe’s productised version and ecosystem on top of Cordova. Like PhoneGap, many tools and frameworks are also built on top of Cordova, including Ionic, Monaca, TACO, the Intel XDK. These tools use Cordova, and not PhoneGap for their core tools, contributors to the Apache Cordova project include Adobe, BlackBerry, Google, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Mozilla, and others. Apple Inc. has confirmed that the framework has its approval, the PhoneGap framework is used by several mobile application platforms such as Monaca, appMobi, Convertigo, ViziApps, and Worklight as the backbone of their mobile client development engine. Adobe officially announced the acquisition of Nitobi Software on October 4,2011, coincident with that, the PhoneGap code was contributed to the Apache Software Foundation to start a new project called Apache Cordova. The projects original name, Apache Callback, was viewed as too generic, then, it also appears in Adobe Systems as Adobe PhoneGap and also as Adobe Phonegap Build. Early versions of PhoneGap required an Apple computer to create iOS apps, after September 2012, Adobes PhoneGap Build service allows programmers to upload CSS, HTML, and JavaScript source code to a cloud compiler that generates apps for every supported platform. The core of Apache Cordova applications use CSS3 and HTML5 for their rendering, HTML5 provides access to underlying hardware such as the accelerometer, camera, and GPS. However, browsers support for HTML5-based device access is not consistent across mobile browsers, to overcome these limitations, Apache Cordova embeds the HTML5 code inside a native WebView on the device, using a foreign function interface to access the native resources of it. These plugins allow access to the accelerometer, camera, compass, file system, microphone. However, the use of Web-based technologies leads some Apache Cordova applications to run slower than native applications with similar functionality, Adobe Systems warns that applications may be rejected by Apple for being too slow or not feeling native enough. This can be an issue for some Apache Cordova applications, the table below is a list of supported features for each operating system. List of rich Internet application frameworks Multiple phone web-based application framework RhoMobile Suite Cocos2d WinJS Official website
25.
CouchDB
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Apache CouchDB is open source database software that focuses on ease of use and having an architecture that completely embraces the Web. CouchDB was first released in 2005 and later became an Apache Software Foundation project in 2008, unlike a relational database, a CouchDB database does not store data and relationships in tables. Instead, each database is a collection of independent documents, each document maintains its own data and self-contained schema. An application may access multiple databases, such as one stored on a mobile phone. Document metadata contains revision information, making it possible to merge any differences that may have occurred while the databases were disconnected, CouchDB implements a form of multiversion concurrency control so it does not lock the database file during writes. Conflicts are left to the application to resolve, resolving a conflict generally involves first merging data into one of the documents, then deleting the stale one. Other features include document-level ACID semantics with eventual consistency, MapReduce, One of CouchDBs distinguishing features is multi-master replication, which allows it to scale across machines to build high performance systems. A built-in Web application called Futon helps with administration, couch is an acronym for cluster of unreliable commodity hardware. The CouchDB project was created in April 2005 by Damien Katz and he self-funded the project for almost two years and released it as an open source project under the GNU General Public License. In February 2008, it became an Apache Incubator project and was offered under the Apache License instead, a few months after, it graduated to a top-level project. This led to the first stable version being released in July 2010, in early 2012, Katz left the project to focus on Couchbase Server. Since Katzs departure, the Apache CouchDB project has continued, releasing 1.2 in April 2012 and 1.3 in April 2013, in July 2013, the CouchDB community merged the codebase for BigCouch, Cloudants clustered version of CouchDB, into the Apache project. The BigCouch clustering framework is included in the current release of Apache CouchDB, native clustering is supported at version 2.0.0. And the new Mango Query Server provides a simple JSON-based way to perform CouchDB queries without JavaScript or MapReduce, ACID Semantics CouchDB provides ACID semantics. It does this by implementing a form of Multi-Version Concurrency Control, built for Offline CouchDB can replicate to devices that can go offline and handle data sync for you when the device is back online. Distributed Architecture with Replication CouchDB was designed with bi-direction replication and off-line operation in mind and that means multiple replicas can have their own copies of the same data, modify it, and then sync those changes at a later time. Document Storage CouchDB stores data as documents, as one or more field/value pairs expressed as JSON, field values can be simple things like strings, numbers, or dates, but ordered lists and associative arrays can also be used. Every document in a CouchDB database has a unique id and there is no required document schema, eventual Consistency CouchDB guarantees eventual consistency to be able to provide both availability and partition tolerance
26.
Apache Derby
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Apache Derby is a relational database management system developed by the Apache Software Foundation that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing. It has a 2.6 MB disk-space footprint, Apache Derby is developed as an open source project under the Apache 2.0 license. Oracle distributes the same binaries under the name Java DB, the core of the technology, Derbys database engine, is a full-functioned relational embedded database-engine, supporting JDBC and SQL as programming APIs. It uses IBM DB2 SQL syntax, the Derby network server increases the reach of the Derby database engine by providing traditional client server functionality. The network server allows clients to connect over TCP/IP using the standard DRDA protocol, the network server allows the Derby engine to support networked JDBC, ODBC/CLI, Perl and PHP. Dblook, Schema extraction tool for a Derby database, sysinfo, Utility to display version numbers and class path. Apache Derby originated at Cloudscape Inc, an Oakland, California, start-up founded in 1996 by Nat Wyatt, the first release of the database engine, then called JBMS, was in 1997. Subsequently the product was renamed Cloudscape and releases were made every six months. In 1999 Informix Software, Inc. acquired Cloudscape, Inc, in 2001 IBM acquired the database assets of Informix Software, including Cloudscape. The database engine was re-branded to IBM Cloudscape and releases continued, mainly focusing on embedded use with IBMs Java products, in August 2004 IBM contributed the code to the Apache Software Foundation as Derby, an incubator project sponsored by the Apache DB project. In July 2005 the Derby project graduated from the Apache incubator and is now being developed as a sub-project of the DB Top Level Project at Apache. In March 2007 IBM announced that they would withdraw marketing and support for the Cloudscape product, the Java DB database is Oracles supported distribution of Apache Derby
27.
Apache Empire-db
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Apache Empire-db is a Java library that provides a high level object-oriented API for accessing relational database management systems through JDBC. Apache Empire-db is open source and provided under the Apache 2.0 license from the Apache Software Foundation, instead Empire-db uses a Java object model to describe the underlying data model and an API that works almost solely with object references rather than string literals. Empire-dbs aim is to provide better quality and improved maintainability through increased compile-time safety. Additionally applications may benefit from better performance due to control over SQL statements. Empire-dbs key strength is its API for dynamic SQL generation for arbitrary select, update, insert or delete statements and this provides type-safety and almost entirely eliminates the use of string literals for names or expressions in code. Additionally DBMS independence is achieved through a driver model. Using references to table and column objects significantly improves compile-time safety, as a positive side effect the IDEs code completion can be used to browse the data model, increases productivity and eliminates the need for other external tools or IDE-plugins. Metadata is user-extensible and not limited to DBMS related metadata, availability of meta-information encourages more generic code and eliminates redundancies throughout application layers. Data model definition through a Java object model omits the need to learn XML schemas or annotations, type-safe API for dynamic SQL command generation allows dynamic building of SQL statements using API methods and object references only instead of string literals. This provides a degree of type-safety which simplifies testing and maintenance. Reduced amount of Java code and powerful interception of field and metadata access through dynamic beans as an alternative to POJOs and this even allows data model changes at runtime. Automatic tracking of record state and field modification to only insert/ update modified fields, support for optimistic locking through timestamp column. No need to work with full database entities. Build queries to provide you with the data exactly as you need it, lightweight and passive library with zero configuration footprint that allows simple integration with any architecture or framework. Empire-db was originally developed at ESTEAM Software a German software development company which used Empire-db to develop applications for a variety of different branches. In January 2008 Empire-db was made officially open dource and first published though SourceForge. net, in June 2008 a proposal was submitted to the Apache Software Foundation for Empire-db to become an Apache Incubator project. In July 2008 Empire-db got accepted for incubation and all rights over the Software were transferred to the Apache Foundation, in October 2008 Empire-db 2.0.4 was the first official Apache incubator release with all package names changed to begin with org. apache. empire. Java Database Connectivity Object-relational mapping Hibernate iBATIS TopLink Apache Struts Empire-db project page at the Apache Foundation
28.
Apache Felix
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Apache Felix is an open source implementation of the OSGi Release 5 core framework specification. The initial codebase was donated from the Oscar project at ObjectWeb, the developers worked on Felix for a full year and have made various improvements while retaining the original footprint and performance. On June 21,2007, the project graduated from incubation as a top level project and is considered the smallest size software at Apache Software Foundation. To run Apache Felix OSGi, you need to download the felix-framework-4. x. x. tar. gz or felix-framework-4. x. x. zip compressed file from the site, | <id> - set or get bundle start level. Cd - change or display base URL. find <bundle-name> - display bundles matching substring, headers - display bundle header properties. Log - list recent log entries, obr help - OSGi bundle repository. Resolve - attempt to resolve the specified bundles, startlevel - get or set framework start level. Sysprop - Display, set, modify and remove system properties, version - display version of framework. Felix Framework Distribution The projects listed below highlight the adoption of Apache Felix, ServiceMix 4 - An open source ESB with an OSGi core, Apache Sling - OSGi-based applications layer for JCR content repositories. EasyBeans - open source EJB3 container, glassFish - application server for Java EE. iDempiere - OSGi-based, open-source ERP system. JOnAS5 - open source Java EE5 application server, project Fuji in Open ESB v3 - Light weight and modular ESB core runtime. Jitsi - open source Java VoIP and multi-protocol instant messenger, modulefusion - open source collection for Java enterprise applications. NetBeans - The free MultiLanguage IDE, SOA Software - API Gateway application from Akana. JIRA - JIRA supports plug-ins as OSGi bundles
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