1.
Galicia (Spain)
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Galicia is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law. It had a population of 2,718,525 in 2016 and has an area of 29,574 km2. Galicia has over 1,660 km of coastline, including its islands and islets, among them Cíes Islands, Ons, Sálvora, Cortegada. Galicia was incorporated into the Roman Empire at the end of the Cantabrian Wars in 19 BC, in 410, the Germanic Suebi established a kingdom with its capital in Braga, this kingdom was incorporated into that of the Visigoths in 585. The Governor also presided the Real Audiencia do Reino de Galicia, from the 16th century, the representation and voice of the kingdom was held by an assembly of deputies and representatives of the cities of the kingdom, the Cortes or Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia. This institution was forcibly discontinued in 1833 when the kingdom was divided into four provinces with no legal mutual links. During the 19th and 20th centuries, demand grew for self-government and this resulted in the Statute of Autonomy of 1936, soon frustrated by Francos coup detat and subsequent long dictatorship. After democracy was restored the legislature passed the Statute of Autonomy of 1981, approved in referendum and currently in force, the interior of Galicia is characterized by a hilly landscape, mountain ranges rise to 2,000 m in the east and south. The coastal areas are mostly a series of rías and cliffs. The climate of Galicia is usually temperate and rainy, with drier summers. Its topographic and climatic conditions have made animal husbandry and farming the primary source of Galicias wealth for most of its history, allowing for a relative high density of population. With the exception of shipbuilding and food processing, Galicia was based on a farming and fishing economy until after the mid-20th century, in 2012, the gross domestic product at purchasing power parity was €56,000 million, with a nominal GDP per capita of €20,700. There are smaller populations around the cities of Lugo and Ourense. The political capital is Santiago de Compostela, in the province of A Coruña, Vigo, in the province of Pontevedra, is the most populous municipality, with 292,817, while A Coruña is the most populous city, with 215,227. 56% of the Galician population speak Galician as their first language and these Callaeci were the first tribe in the area to help the Lusitanians against the invading Romans. The Romans applied their name to all the tribes in the northwest who spoke the same language. In any case, Galicia, being per se a derivation of the ethnic name Kallaikói, the name evolved during the Middle Ages from Gallaecia, sometimes written Galletia, to Gallicia. This coincides with the spelling of the Castilian Spanish name, the historical denomination Galiza became popular again during the end of the 19th and the first three-quarters of the 20th century, and is still used with some frequency today
2.
Ferrol (comarca)
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Ferrol is a coastal comarca in the northwest of the province of A Coruña, Galicia, Spain. The overall population of this region is 159,422. It is also known as Ferrolterra and it is composed of 11 municipalities, two of which are considered cities. Ares Cedeira Fene Ferrol Mugardos Moeche Narón Neda As Somozas San Sadurniño Valdoviño
3.
Demonym
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A demonym is a word that identifies residents or natives of a particular place, which is derived from the name of that particular place. It is a neologism, previously gentilic was recorded in English dictionaries, e. g. the Oxford English Dictionary, thus a Thai may be any resident or citizen of Thailand, of any ethnic group, or more narrowly a member of the Thai people. Conversely, some groups of people may be associated with multiple demonyms, for example, a native of the United Kingdom may be called a British person, a Brit, or a Briton. In some languages, when a parallel demonym does not exist, in English, demonyms are capitalized and are often the same as the adjectival form of the place, e. g. Egyptian, Japanese, or Greek. Significant exceptions exist, for instance the adjectival form of Spain is Spanish, English widely includes country-level demonyms such as Ethiopian or Guatemalan and more local demonyms such as Seoulite, Wisconsinite, Chicagoan, Michigander, Fluminense, and Paulista. Some places lack a commonly used and accepted demonym and this poses a particular challenge to those toponymists who research demonyms. The word gentilic comes from the Latin gentilis and the English suffix -ic, the word demonym was derived from the Greek word meaning populace with the suffix for name. National Geographic attributes the term demonym to Merriam-Webster editor Paul Dickson in a recent work from 1990 and it was subsequently popularized in this sense in 1997 by Dickson in his book Labels for Locals. However, in What Do You Call a Person From, a Dictionary of Resident Names attributed the term to George H. Scheetz, in his Names Names, A Descriptive and Prescriptive Onymicon, which is apparently where the term first appears. Several linguistic elements are used to create demonyms in the English language, the most common is to add a suffix to the end of the location name, slightly modified in some instances. Cairo → Cairene Cyrenaica → Cyrene Damascus → Damascene Greece → Greek Nazareth → Nazarene Slovenia → Slovene Often used for Middle Eastern locations and European locations. Kingston-upon-Hull → Hullensian Leeds → Leodensian Spain → Spaniard Savoy → Savoyard -ese is usually considered proper only as an adjective, thus, a Chinese person is used rather than a Chinese. Monaco → Monégasque Menton → Mentonasque Basque Country → Basque Often used for French locations, mostly they are from Africa and the Pacific, and are not generally known or used outside the country concerned. In much of East Africa, a person of an ethnic group will be denoted by a prefix. For example, a person of the Luba people would be a Muluba, the plural form Baluba, similar patterns with minor variations in the prefixes exist throughout on a tribal level. And Fijians who are indigenous Fijians are known as Kaiviti and these demonyms are usually more informal and colloquial. In the United States such informal demonyms frequently become associated with mascots of the sports teams of the state university system. In other countries the origins are often disputed and these will typically be formed using the standard models above
4.
Daylight saving time
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Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
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Central European Summer Time
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It corresponds to UTC + two hours. Other names which have been applied to Central European Summer Time are Middle European Summer Time, Central European Daylight Saving Time, and Bravo Time. Since 1996 European Summer Time has been observed between 1,00 UTC on the last Sunday of March and 1,00 on the last Sunday of October, the following countries and territories use Central European Summer Time. In addition, Libya used CEST during the years 1951–1959, 1982–1989, 1996–1997, European Summer Time Other countries and territories in UTC+2 time zone Other names of UTC+2 time zone
6.
Autonomous communities of Spain
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Spain is not a federation, but a highly decentralized unitary state. Some scholars have referred to the system as a federal system in all. There are 17 autonomous communities and two cities that are collectively known as autonomies. The two autonomous cities have the right to become autonomous communities, but neither has yet used this right and this unique framework of territorial administration is known as the State of Autonomies. The autonomous communities are governed according to the constitution and their own organic laws known as Statutes of Autonomy, since devolution was intended to be asymmetrical in nature, the scope of competences vary for each community, but all have the same parliamentary structure. Spain is a country made up of different regions with varying economic and social structures, as well as different languages. While the entire Spanish territory was united under one crown by the 16th century, the constituent territories—be it crowns, kingdoms, principalities or dominions—retained much of their former institutional existence, including limited legislative, judicial or fiscal autonomy. These territories also exhibited a variety of customs, laws. From the 18th century onwards, the Bourbon kings and the government tried to establish a more centralized regime, leading figures of the Spanish Enlightenment advocated for the building of a Spanish nation beyond the internal territorial boundaries. This culminated in 1833, when Spain was divided into 49 provinces and these were the Basque Country and Catalonia. This gave rise to peripheral nationalisms along with Spanish nationalism, therefore, economic and social changes that had produced a national cultural unification in France had the opposite effect in Spain. In a response to Catalan demands, limited autonomy was granted to Catalonia in 1913 and it was granted again in 1932 during the Second Spanish Republic, when the Generalitat, Catalonias mediaeval institution of government, was restored. During General Francos dictatorial regime, centralism was most forcefully enforced as a way of preserving the unity of the Spanish nation, peripheral nationalism, along with communism and atheism were regarded by his regime as the main threats. When Franco died in 1975, Spain entered into a phase of transition towards democracy, the then Prime Minister of Spain, Adolfo Suárez, met with Josep Tarradellas, president of the Generalitat of Catalonia in exile. An agreement was made so that the Generalitat would be restored and limited competencies would be transferred while the constitution was still being written. In the end, the constitution, published and ratified in 1979, found a balance in recognizing the existence of nationalities and regions in Spain, within the indissoluble unity of the Spanish nation. The starting point in the organization of Spain was the second article of the constitution. In order to exercise this right, the established a open process whereby the nationalities
7.
Spain
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By population, Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spains capital and largest city is Madrid, other urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Bilbao. Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago, in the Middle Ages, the area was conquered by Germanic tribes and later by the Moors. Spain is a democracy organised in the form of a government under a constitutional monarchy. It is a power and a major developed country with the worlds fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP. Jesús Luis Cunchillos argues that the root of the span is the Phoenician word spy. Therefore, i-spn-ya would mean the land where metals are forged, two 15th-century Spanish Jewish scholars, Don Isaac Abravanel and Solomon ibn Verga, gave an explanation now considered folkloric. Both men wrote in two different published works that the first Jews to reach Spain were brought by ship by Phiros who was confederate with the king of Babylon when he laid siege to Jerusalem. This man was a Grecian by birth, but who had given a kingdom in Spain. He became related by marriage to Espan, the nephew of king Heracles, Heracles later renounced his throne in preference for his native Greece, leaving his kingdom to his nephew, Espan, from whom the country of España took its name. Based upon their testimonies, this eponym would have already been in use in Spain by c.350 BCE, Iberia enters written records as a land populated largely by the Iberians, Basques and Celts. Early on its coastal areas were settled by Phoenicians who founded Western Europe´s most ancient cities Cadiz, Phoenician influence expanded as much of the Peninsula was eventually incorporated into the Carthaginian Empire, becoming a major theater of the Punic Wars against the expanding Roman Empire. After an arduous conquest, the peninsula came fully under Roman Rule, during the early Middle Ages it came under Germanic rule but later, much of it was conquered by Moorish invaders from North Africa. In a process took centuries, the small Christian kingdoms in the north gradually regained control of the peninsula. The last Moorish kingdom fell in the same year Columbus reached the Americas, a global empire began which saw Spain become the strongest kingdom in Europe, the leading world power for a century and a half, and the largest overseas empire for three centuries. Continued wars and other problems led to a diminished status. The Napoleonic invasions of Spain led to chaos, triggering independence movements that tore apart most of the empire, eventually democracy was peacefully restored in the form of a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Spain joined the European Union, experiencing a renaissance and steady economic growth
8.
Comarcas of Spain
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In Spain traditionally and historically, some autonomous communities are also divided into comarcas. Some comarcas have a clearly defined status, are regulated by law, there is even a comarca, the Cerdanya that is divided between two states, the southwestern half being counted as a comarca of Spain, while the northeastern half is part of France. In English, a comarca is equivalent to a district, county, or sometimes four, Tierra de Pinares. However, historic approaches establish six comarcas, Tierra de Pinares, Tierras de Cantalejo y Santa María la Real de Nieva. Tierra de Campos Montes Torozos Páramos del Esgueva Tierra de Pinares Campo de Peñafiel Campiña del Pisuerga Tierras de Medina Alfoz de Toro, Spain Comarcas, list of the Spanish comarcas
9.
Ferrol, Galicia
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Ferrol, is a city in the Province of A Coruña in Galicia, located on the Atlantic coast in north-western Spain. According to the 2014 census, the city has a population of 70,389 making it the 5th largest settlement in Galicia. With Eume to the south and Ortegal the north, Ferrol forms the Ferrolterra conurbation, the city has been a major naval shipbuilding centre for most of its history, being the capital of the Spanish Navys Maritime Department of the North since the time of the early Bourbons. Before that, in the 17th century, Ferrol was the most important arsenal in Europe, today, the city is also known as the home of the shipbuilding yards of Navantia. The city was the birthplace of the Spanish General and dictator Francisco Franco in 1892 and it was also the birthplace of the founder of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party, Pablo Iglesias, in 1850. In 1982 the government of Spain adopted officially Ferrol in consonance with its long history, the origin of the name comes from the legend of a Breton saint, Ferreol, who arrived here on a ship, amid a chorus of seven siren. Another tradition says that Ferrol proceeds from farol, alluding to the figure that appears on the coat of arms of the city. The existence of human settlements in this Galician city is backed up by the abundance of burial chambers, megalithic monuments as well as Petroglyphs. In Roman times, in the 1st century BC, a port existed in the bay of Ferrol. In 1568 a fire reduced to rubble the old medieval town, as a naval base, at that time the town was considered more important as a Royal Arsenal than as a safe harbour. With the arrival of the Bourbons in the 18th century, Ferrol became a leading naval centre, Ferrol was made Capital of the Maritime Department of the North, formed under Ferdinand VI and Charles III for the defence of the Spanish Colonial Empire in America. The Royal Dockyards of A Graña and Ferrol, built between 1726–1783, produced ships protected with copper sheets from the mills of Xubia. In 1772, The Spanish Royal Academy of Naval Engineers of Ferrol, Ferrol was virtually impossible to blockade in the age of sail, as strong westerly winds would take any blockading force away along the treacherous north coast of Spain where they had no safe haven. The geography of Ferrol meant that an entire Spanish fleet could slip out on a single tide, by the time the British were able to resume the blockade, the Spanish would be safely away and out to sea. The alliance with the United Kingdom during the Peninsular War of 1808–14 failed to prevent the deterioration in the town’s fortunes, the arsenals and fortresses were abandoned and they were easily occupied by the French in 1809. Under Ferdinand VII, Ferrol lost its title of capital, the second half of the 19th century brought to the Royal Dockyards of Ferrol not just plenty of work but social and political tensions which ended up in the failed republican uprising of 1872. Such was the case of the Cleopatra, carrying one of the two Cleopatra Needles, the one standing today on the Thames Embankment in London, UK and it arrived in Ferrol on 19 October 1877 after tragedy and almost sinking off the West coast of France five days earlier. There is a plaque commemorating the event and those who died to be seen at the base of the Needle in London, the arrival of the British coincided with the construction of a local electric-powered trolley streetcars line
10.
Mugardos
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Mugardos is a small fishing borough and municipality in the comarca of Ferrol, located in the province of A Coruña in the autonomous community of Galicia, northwestern Spain. It is bordered with the municipalities of Ares and Fene, due to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, Mugardos does not enjoy extreme oscillation in its weather conditions between winter and summer. The summers tend to be a bit dryer than the winters, like the rest of Galicia, it is rainy and green. The municipality comprises the main township of Mugardos, and several smaller villages and it is part of the historical comarca of Ferrolterra, and is situated near the metropolitan outskirts of the city of Ferrol. The municipality is subdivided into four parroquias, Santiago de Franza, San Vicente de Meá, San Xulián de Mugardos and San Xoán de Piñeiro. During the 1960s and 1970s Mugardos was much larger than it is now, recently, however, it has undergone drastic changes. This is supposed to have morphed over time into the form Mugardos, one of the most historic places in Mugardos is El Castillo de la Palma which is a castle standing on the southern shore of La Ria de Ferrol. The castle was built in 1597 with its name being Nuestra Señora de la Palma. When it was built, the castle was used as a watch tower but later when it was reformed. Facing the castle is El Castillo de San Felipe which forms the part of the defensive system. These two castles are adjoined by a large and sturdy chain that was used to prevent the entrance of enemy ships, later, the castle was also used as a military prison where the most famous prisoner, Antonio Tejero, was held captive. Tejero was responsible for the coup de etat in 1981. Recently, the Palm Castle has been bought by a chain and is pending restoration. Fiesta de La Virgen del Carmen, The Carmen Festival is celebrated the weekend of July 16, on this day there is a ceremony and procession where men hold up the statue of the Virgin and walk her down the promenade. Fiesta del Pulpo, The Octopus Festival is celebrated the Saturday before the Carmen festival, dia de San Julian, Saint Julian´s day, is the Patron saint of the town. La Feria Pirata, The pirate festival has various merchants come to town and sell artisan goods like food, musicians and other attractions are also invited to perform. There are many attractions for children like a few rides, interactive games. The people who also dress up as pirates or in medieval inspired clothing
11.
Cedeira
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Cedeira is a municipality in the province of A Coruña in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. It is situated in the northern coast of the Rías Altas, Cedeira has a population of 7,412 inhabitants. Cedeira Cervo Esteiro Montoxo Piñeiro Régoa San Román de Montoxo From, INE Archiv Trawlers from Cedeira travel to South Africa, most of the fish, mainly tuna, is canned and stored in warehouses locally for later distribution to different parts of Spain and Europe. Farming, horse breeding and timber production, together with services are the economic activities. Since the late 1980s Cedeira has developed into a coastal resort, wind-mill parks are common in Ferrolterra, particularly in the boroughs of Cariño, Cedeira and A Capela. Nearby is the site of Santo André, a pilgrimage site. Parts of the chapel at San Andres dates from the 12th century, although most of the structure was designed by Miguel Lopez de la Peña, Cedeira hosts a small Medieval Fair in one of its main squares each year. In addition, the gastronomical Percebe festival is held in July
12.
Monfero
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Monfero is a municipality in the comarca of Eume in the province of A Coruña in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. It has a population of 2,178 inhabitants, the Fragas of the River Eume Natural Park with its typical Atlantic Forest, and unique ecosystem and biodiversity, offers the visitor one of the most beautiful Galician landscapes. Monfero is home to a castle and to the St. Mary of Monferos Monastery. Monferos economy is based almost exclusively on farming, agriculture and timber production, though services also do exist
13.
Pontedeume
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Pontedeume is a municipality in the province of A Coruña in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. The town was founded ex novo by the charter of Alfonso X the Wise in 1270. Farming and services are the economic activities, though from the late 1950s. Pontedeume is divided in 8 parishes, Andrade, Boebre, Breamo, Centroña, Nogueirosa, Ombre, Pontedeume, in 1868 and from 1877 to 1890 the territory of Vilarmaior was a part of the municipality of Pontedeume. This explains the fall in the population between 1877 and 1900
14.
Cerdido
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43°37′26. 87″N 7°59′42. 69″W Cerdido is a municipality of northwestern Spain in the province of A Coruña, in the autonomous community of Galicia. It belongs to the comarca of Ortegal, farming and timber production, together with services, are the main economic activities. Wind-mill parks are common in Ferrolterra, particularly in the boroughs of Carino, Cedeira, due to its geographical proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, Cerdido does not have extreme oscillation in its weather conditions in winter or in summer. The weather is mild year-round, unlike the weather in parts of the Iberian Peninsula. Like the rest of Galicia, it is rainy and beautifully green, site devoted to the art of landscape and nature of Ferrolterra
15.
Ortigueira
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Ortigueira is a seaport and municipality in the province of A Coruña the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. It belongs to the comarca of Ortegal, the town is noted for its romantic surroundings and sea bathing opportunities. The industries are fishing and farming, owing to its shallowness, large vessels cannot enter, but there is an important coasting trade, despite the dangerous character of the coast and the prevalence of fogs and gales. This article incorporates text from a now in the public domain, Chisholm, Hugh. Thurston, H. T. Colby, F. M. eds
16.
Arteixo
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Arteixo (Galician pronunciation, is a municipality in the province of A Coruña in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. Its area is 93.76 km² and its population is 31,005 and its population density is 317.43 people/km². It is a town that belongs to A Coruña metropolitan area. Notable landmarks are a Repsol refinery - with its associated industry - and it also has tungsten, titanium and tin mines. As of 2007, the Outer Harbour of A Coruña is being built here, in the Punta Langosteira Peninsula, the construction is planned to finish in 2012. It is drained by rivers Seixedo and Arteixo
17.
Betanzos
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Betanzos is a municipality in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain in the province of A Coruña. It belongs to the comarca of Betanzos, in Roman times Betanzos were called Carunium or Brigantium. During the Medieval period the settlement was known as Carunio, the town is located in a fertile valley close to the Atlantic Ocean, and it has one of the best preserved old quarters in Galicia. Noteworthy is the Igrexa de San Francisco, erected in 1387 by order of count Fernán Pérez de Andrade, whose tomb, decorated with hunting scenes, can be seen inside of the church. The Igrexa de Santiago, built in the 15th century by the guild of tailors, has a portal decorated with a horseback statue of Saint James. Other sights in the town are several palaces, a 16th-century clock tower, and the town walls. There are two celebrations in Betanzos in August each year, at the festival of San Roque, a very large paper balloon is launched. And later in August, decorated boats sail along the Mandeo river to the nearby Os Caneiros, from, INE Atchiv - Grafic for Wikipedia Concello de Betanzos
18.
Boiro
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Boiro is a municipality in the province of A Coruña in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. It is located in the comarca of Barbanza, boiro has an area of 86.58 km2. It is perhaps best known as the town where famous quadriplegic Ramón Sampedro received euthanasia. The town was thus filmed in for the 2004 film Mar Adentro, which won an Oscar
19.
Cambre
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Cambre is a municipality in the Province of A Coruña, in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. It is located 12 km from the city of A Coruña and ten minutes away from the citys airport. According to the 2010 census, the municipality of Cambre includes 23,621 inhabitants spread over its 12 parishes, which occupy 41 square kilometres. The parishes are those of O Temple, Cambre, Sigrás, Anceis, San Lorenzo, Cela, Andeiro, Santa María de Vigo, Bribes, Brexo-Lema, Cecebre and it shares municipal boundaries with the neighbouring municipalities of Culleredo, Carral and Oleiros. The town of Cambre has many sites of interest, Cambres name is considered to derive from Calambre or Calamber, according to different sources. It is first mentioned during the construction of the Church of Santa María, the name was very possibly given to the area by Knights Templar, a Christian order created in the aftermath of the First Crusade of 1096. The Order ceased to exist two centuries later, but after they had built a fortress near the centre which has since ceased to exist. One of Cambres parishes is called Temple in their honour, however, there are other theories which give a different origin to Cambres name. Carré Aldao suggests its name derives from Cambria, which sounds similar to Cymru. The Latin derived terms Galicia or Galegos, derive from Gales, the area of Cambre was already inhabited by members of the Castro culture, as indicated by the presence of several castros. However, Cambres castros are not very well preserved and show but certain parts of ancient constructions, such as defensive walls. The Castro of Sigrás is the most impressive, Roman remains throughout the area imply Cambre was located on the or via that connected Pharum with Brigantium. Following the collapse of the Roman Empire and repeated invasions from barbarian tribes from the north, however, Roman culture still prevailed, and Suebi influence is only present today in a few names of towns and parishes. Shortly thereafter, the areas of the province suffered major attacks from the Normans. Cambres splendour was triggered off thanks to the intervention of Knights Templar around the 12th century, one of Cambres parishes called El Temple has a Romanic church dating from this period and a 14th-century bridge, which suggest great economic and social development in the area. Following the devastating invasions and battles took place in nearby A Coruña, most of the population moved inland, along the estuary of the River Mero. Cambres splendour developed thanks to the aide of three Kings closely linked with Galicia, namely Alfonso VII, Ferdinand II and Alfonso IX, all of them educated by members of the Galician nobility. It was thanks to three monarchs that a great number of churches were erected in the region and also several bridges throughout the area were built in a short span of time
