1.
BBC World Service
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The BBC announced in November 2016 that It would start broadcasting in additional languages including Igbo, Nigerian Pidgin, Yoruba and Amharic, in its biggest expansion since the 1940s. In 2015 World Service reached an average of 210 million people a week, the English-language service broadcasts 24 hours a day. The World Service is funded by the United Kingdoms television licence fee, limited advertising, the service also gets £289 million each year from the UK government. The World Service was funded for decades by grant-in-aid through the Foreign, the Director of the BBC World Service Group is Francesca Unsworth. The controller of BBC World Service, English, is Mary Hockaday, the BBC World Service began in 1932 as the BBC Empire Service, broadcasting on shortwave and aimed principally at English speakers across the British Empire. In his first Christmas Message, King George V stated that the service was intended for men and women, so cut off by the snow, the desert, or the sea, first hopes for the Empire Service were low. The programmes will neither be very interesting nor very good and this address was read out five times as it was broadcast live to different parts of the world. On 3 January 1938, the first foreign-language service was launched in Arabic, programmes in German started on 29 March 1938, and by the end of 1942 broadcasts were being made in all major European languages. As a result, the Empire Service was renamed the BBC Overseas Service in November 1939, and these were financed not from the domestic licence fee but from government grant-in-aid, and known administratively as the External Services of the BBC. The External Services broadcast propaganda during the Second World War and its French service Radio Londres also sent coded messages to the French Resistance. George Orwell broadcast many news bulletins on the Eastern Service during World War II. By the end of the 1940s the number of broadcast languages had expanded and reception had improved, following the opening of a relay in modern-day Malaysia and of the Limassol relay, Cyprus, in 1957. In recent years, financial pressures have decreased the number and type of services offered by the BBC, in countries with wide access to Internet services, there is less need for a radio station. Broadcasts in German ended in March 1999, after research showed that the majority of German listeners tuned into the English service, broadcasts in Dutch, Finnish, French, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese and Malay were stopped for similar reasons. Additionally, Romanian broadcasts ceased on 1 August 2008, in January 2011 the closure of the Albanian, Macedonian, Portuguese for Africa, Serbian, and English for the Caribbean services was announced. The British government announced that the three Balkan countries had access to international information, and so broadcasts in the local languages had become unnecessary. 650 jobs went as part of the 16% budget cut and this led to allegations that these measures would encourage a pro-American bias within the Service and help America win the information war. The Service broadcasts from Broadcasting House in London, which is headquarters of the Corporation
2.
BBC News
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BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs. The department is the worlds largest broadcast news organisation and generates about 120 hours of radio and television output each day, the service maintains 50 foreign news bureaux with more than 250 correspondents around the world. James Harding has been Director of News and Current Affairs since April 2013, the departments annual budget is in excess of £350 million, it has 3,500 staff,2,000 of whom are journalists. BBC News domestic, global and online news divisions are housed within the largest live newsroom in Europe, parliamentary coverage is produced and broadcast from studios in Millbank in London. Through the BBC English Regions, the BBC also has regional centres across England, as well as national news centres in Northern Ireland, Scotland, all nations and English regions produce their own local news programmes and other current affairs and sport programmes. As with all media outlets, though, it has been accused of political bias from across the political spectrum. The British Broadcasting Company broadcast its first radio bulletin from radio station 2LO on 14 November 1922, on Easter weekend in 1930, this reliance on newspaper wire services left the radio news service with no information to report. The BBC gradually gained the right to edit the copy and, in 1934, however, it could not broadcast news before 6 PM until World War II. Gaumont British and Movietone cinema newsreels had been broadcast on the TV service since 1936, a weekly Childrens Newsreel was inaugurated on 23 April 1950, to around 350,000 receivers. The network began simulcasting its radio news on television in 1946, televised bulletins began on 5 July 1954, broadcast from leased studios within Alexandra Palace in London. The publics interest in television and live events was stimulated by Elizabeth IIs coronation in 1953 and it is estimated that up to 27 million people viewed the programme in the UK, overtaking radios audience of 12 million for the first time. Those live pictures were fed from 21 cameras in central London to Alexandra Palace for transmission and that year, there were around two million TV Licences held in the UK, rising to over three million the following year, and four and a half million by 1955. This was then followed by the customary Television Newsreel with a commentary by John Snagge. It was revealed that this had been due to producers fearing a newsreader with visible facial movements would distract the viewer from the story. On-screen newsreaders were finally introduced a year later in 1955 – Kenneth Kendall, Robert Dougall, mainstream television production had started to move out of Alexandra Palace in 1950 to larger premises – mainly at Lime Grove Studios in Shepherds Bush, west London – taking Current Affairs with it. It was from here that the first Panorama, a new programme, was transmitted on 11 November 1953. On 28 October 1957, the Today programme, a radio programme, was launched in central London on the Home Service. In 1958, Hugh Carleton Greene became head of News and Current Affairs and he set up a BBC study group whose findings, published in 1959, were critical of what the television news operation had become under his predecessor, Tahu Hole
3.
1080i
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1080i is an abbreviation referring to a combination of frame resolution and scan type, used in high-definition television and high-definition video. The number 1080 refers to the number of lines on the screen. The term assumes a widescreen ratio of 16,9, so the 1080 lines of vertical resolution implies 1920 columns of horizontal resolution. A1920 pixels ×1080 lines screen has a total of 2.1 megapixels and this format is used in the SMPTE 292M standard. The choice of 1080 lines originates with Charles Poynton, who in the early 1990s pushed for square pixels to be used in HD video formats, within the designation 1080i, the i stands for interlaced scan. A frame of 1080i video consists of two fields of 1920 horizontal and 540 vertical pixels. The first field consists of all odd-numbered TV lines and the second all even numbered lines, 1080i differs from 1080p, where the p stands for progressive scan, where all lines in a frame are captured at the same time. In native or pure 1080i, the two fields of a frame correspond to different instants, so motion portrayal is good and this is true for interlaced video in general and can be easily observed in still images taken of fast motion scenes. However, when 1080p material is captured at 25 or 30 frames/second, it is converted to 1080i at 50 or 60 fields/second, respectively, in this situation both fields in a frame do correspond to the same instant. The field-to-instant relation is more complex for the case of 1080p at 24 frames/second converted to 1080i at 60 fields/second. Both field rates can be carried by digital television broadcast formats such as ATSC, DVB. The frame rate can be implied by the context, while the rate is generally specified after the letter i. In this case 1080i60 refers to 60 fields per second, the European Broadcasting Union prefers to use the resolution and frame rate separated by a slash, as in 1080i/30 and 1080i/25, likewise 480i/30 and 576i/25. Resolutions of 1080i60 or 1080i50 often refers to 1080i/30 or 1080i/25 in EBU notation, 1080i is directly compatible with some CRT HDTVs on which it can be displayed natively in interlaced form, but for display on progressive-scan—e. g. Most new LCD and plasma TVs, it must be deinterlaced, depending on the televisions video processing capabilities, the resulting video quality may vary, but may not necessarily suffer. For example, film material at 25fps may be deinterlaced from 1080i50 to restore a full 1080p resolution at the frame rate without any loss. Preferably video material with 50 or 60 motion phases/second is to be converted to 50p or 60p before display, worldwide, most HD channels on satellite and cable broadcast in 1080i. This also allows local newscasts on these ABC affiliates to be produced in the resolution to match the picture quality of their 1080i competitors
4.
576i
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576i is a standard-definition video mode originally used for broadcast television in most countries of the world where the utility frequency for electric power distribution is 50 Hz. Because of its association with the colour encoding system, it is often referred to as simply PAL, PAL/SECAM or SECAM when compared to its 60 Hz NTSC-colour-encoded counterpart. The 576 identifies a vertical resolution of 576 lines, and the i identifies it as an interlaced resolution and its basic parameters common to both analogue and digital implementations are,576 scan lines or vertical pixels of picture content,25 frames per second. Digital information not to be displayed as part of the image can be transmitted in the lines, teletext and other services. Analogue television signals have no pixels, they are rastered in scan lines, in digital applications, the number of pixels per line is an arbitrary choice as long as it fulfils the sampling theorem. Values above about 500 pixels per line are enough for conventional broadcast television, DVB-T, DVD and DV allow better values such as 704 or 720. The video format can be transported by major digital television formats, ATSC, DVB and ISDB, and on DVD, when 576i video is transmitted via baseband, most of the differences between the one-letter systems are no longer significant, other than vertical resolution and frame rate. Digital video uses its own separate space, so even the minor colour space differences between PAL and SECAM become moot in the digital domain. When 576i is used to transmit content that was composed of 25 full progressive frames per second. This is the opposite of NTSC, motion pictures are typically shot on film at 24 frames per second. When telecined and played back at PALs standard of 25 frames per second and this also applies to most TV series that are shot on film or digital 24p. Depending on the system in use, it also slightly increases the pitch of the soundtrack by 70.67 cents. More recently, digital conversion methods have used algorithms which preserve the pitch of the soundtrack. Conversion methods exist that can convert 24 frames per second video to 25 frames per second with no speed increase, however image quality suffers when conversions of this type are used. This method is most commonly employed through conversions done digitally, and is employed in situations where the importance of preserving the speed of the video outweighs the need for image quality. Many movie enthusiasts prefer PAL over NTSC despite the formers speed-up, because the results in telecine judder. States the majority of authorities on the subject favour PAL over NTSC for DVD playback quality, also DVD reviewers often make mention of this cause. For example, in his PAL vs. NTSC article, the founder of MichaelDVD says, Personally, I find all but intolerable and find it very hard to watch a movie on an NTSC DVD because of it
5.
Television Centre, London
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Television Centre in White City, West London was the headquarters of BBC Television between 1960 and 2013. Officially opened on 29 June 1960, it is one of the most readily recognisable facilities of its type, parts of the building are Grade II listed, including the central ring and Studio 1. Live television events from studios and routing of national and international sporting events took place within the Television Centre before being passed to the Broadcast Centre for transmission and it was announced on 21 September 2010 that the BBC would cease broadcasting from Television Centre in 2013. BBC Worldwide moved into space in the Stage 6 building following extensive refurbishment in 2015. The radio and television news departments moved to Broadcasting House in central London, the building is 4 miles west of central London, in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. The nearest Underground stations are White City and Wood Lane, London broadcasts at the time came from Alexandra Palace and Lime Grove Studios. It was to be the largest television centre in the world, riverside Studios in Hammersmith were used from 1954. It was planned to be 6 acres, but turned out to be twice as big, on 24 August 1956 the main contract was awarded to Higgs and Hill, which also built The London Studios for ITV in 1972. The building was planned to cost £9M, when it opened, the Director of BBC television was Gerald Beadle, and the first programme broadcast was First Night with David Nixon in Studio Three. In 1997 the BBC News Centre was opened, in a new complex at the front of the building, the building featured a central circular block around which were studios, offices, engineering areas and the News Centre. In the centre of the block was a statue designed by T. B. Huxley-Jones of Helios. At the foot of the statue were two reclining figures, symbolising sound and vision, the components of television, even though there was a foundation stone marked BBC1956 in the basement of the main building, construction began in 1951. With the migration of staff and functions to complexes in Salford and London W1, the overall design from the air appeared to resemble a question mark in shape. The architect, Graham Dawbarn CBE, drew a question mark on an envelope while thinking about the design of the building, an article in The BBC Quarterly, July 1946, proposed a circular design, several years before Dawbarn drew up his plans. The building was commissioned in 1949 with work starting in 1950, work resumed in 1953 on the TVC scenery block and work began in 1954 on the canteen block, which doubled as a rehearsal space. Work on Stage 3, the central office block and studios. The shells of TC1, TC6 and TC7 were constructed around the same time, BBC Television Centre officially opened with TC3 operational on 29 June 1960. Arthur Hayes worked on the building from 1956 to 1970 and was responsible for the creation of the iconic BBC Television Centre lettering on the façade of Studio 1, the lettering was later used all over the building, even in tile work outside lift entrances
6.
Broadcasting House
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Broadcasting House is the headquarters of the BBC, in Portland Place and Langham Place, London. The first radio broadcast was made on 15 March 1932, the main building is in Art Deco style, with a facing of Portland stone over a steel frame. As part of a consolidation of the BBCs property portfolio in London. This involved the demolition of post-war extensions on the side of the building. The wing was named the John Peel Wing in 2012, after the disc jockey, BBC London, BBC Arabic Television and BBC Persian Television are housed in the new wing, which also contains the reception area for BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 1Xtra. The main building was refurbished, and a built to the rear. The radio stations BBC Radio 3, BBC Radio 4, BBC Radio 4 Extra and the BBC World Service transferred to refurbished studios within the building. The extension links the old building with the John Peel Wing, the move of news operations from BBC Television Centre completed in March 2013. Construction of Broadcasting House began in 1928, programmes transferred gradually to the building. On 15 March 1932 the first musical programme was given by the bandleader Henry Hall, Hall also wrote and performed, with his Dance Band, Radio Times, the name of the BBCs schedule publication. The first news bulletin was read by Stuart Hibberd on 18 March, the last transmission from Savoy Hill was on 14 May, and Broadcasting House officially opened on 15 May 1932. George Val Myer designed the building in collaboration with the BBCs civil engineer, the interiors were the work of Raymond McGrath, an Australian-Irish architect. The building is built in two parts, dispensing with the oft-found central light-well of contemporary buildings this size, the central core containing the recording studios was a windowless structure built of brick. The surrounding outer portion, designed for offices and ancillary spaces, is framed and faced using Portland stone. While the outer portion had plenty of windows, the core required special sound-dampened ventilation systems. There were two areas where right of ancient lights would cause height restrictions, Underground structures, including a hundred-year-old sewer, also presented problems during construction. The building is above the Bakerloo line of the London Underground, the Victoria line was tunnelled beneath in the 1960s, noise from passing trains is audible within the radio theatre, but generally imperceptible in recordings. The ground floor was fitted with floor-to-ceiling windows overlooking the street, the rapid expansion of the BBC meant this never occurred
7.
BBC World Service Television
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BBC World Service Television, often abbreviated to WSTV, was the name of two BBC international satellite television channels between 1991 and 1995. It was the BBCs first foray into television broadcasting. In Europe, it was the successor to BBC TV Europe, the service was also launched in Asia as a 24-hour news and information service with minor differences, a precursor to BBC World News, launched on 14 October 1991. Unlike BBC World Service at the time, it was not funded by the British government with a grant-in-aid, instead, it was funded by commercial advertising, with commercials were inserted locally by the cable or satellite providers. In the years followed, the BBC would insert news headlines and other updates to fill the gaps. In Europe, BBC WSTV replaced BBC TV Europe on 11 March 1991 as the BBCs subscription-funded entertainment service, like BBC TV Europe, it was a mix of BBC1 and BBC2, but showed specially commissioned World Service News bulletins from Television Centre. The BBC World Service News studio looked like the BBCs domestic news, though with different graphics, the station also broadcast its own Childrens BBC junctions from Presentation Studio A. Competing against CNN International, it showed current affairs and documentary programming from BBC One and BBC Two, BBC World Service Television programming was also carried in Africa on M-Net launched on 15 April 1992 for 11 hours a day. In Canada, its bulletins were carried on CBC Newsworld several times a day, the channel from 1991 until c.1994 used the presentation device of a rotating world, the Computer Originated World, which had previously been used on BBC One between 1985 and 1991. The world symbol remained the same, but the legend at the bottom was altered to a BBC logo with an italic World Service beneath. Promotional style and static programme captions mirrored that of BBC1 and 2 at the time and featured the symbol above a small BBC logo in the top left corner of promotions. The sidebar of captions featured a vague wispy line style, similar to that used by WSTV bulletins, the channel also used a break bumper featuring the globe, and a promo bumper featuring the COW globe split into lines to the side and bottom. Around the time of the relaunch, BBC WSTV adopted a variation of the look later to be used by BBC World. The channel had a permanent DOG of the BBC logo in the top corner of the screen
8.
CBeebies
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The name is used to brand the free-to-air domestic British channel, and is used for international variants supported by advertising, subscription or both. The channel was first launched on 11 February 2002, the channel has won a number of awards. At the BAFTA Childrens Awards, it won awards in 2002 and it has also won Best Schools Programme – 0–6 years awards from the Royal Television Society from 2002 to 2008. CBeebies is the childrens channel in the UK and is the 8th most watched channel overall. CBeebies HD officially launched on 10 December 2013, the CBeebies channel launched on 11 February 2002. The domestic CBeebies channel broadcasts from 6,00 a. m. to 7,00 pm each day– a result of the channel sharing bandwidth with the channel BBC Four on the Freeview platform, later on they launched a weekly publication called CBeebies Weekly. Since 27 March 2013, CBeebies has been carried by the British Forces Broadcasting Service, the international CBeebies channel is advert-free and wholly owned by BBC Worldwide. The first international launch for the CBeebies channel was in India in May 2007, the channel is available in the Republic of Ireland, Singapore, Hong Kong, Poland, Indonesia, Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Africa, Australia, and the United States. In March 2011, the on demand version of the network was launched in the US and is available on Xfinity. On 13 May 2011, CBeebies was launched as a block on the channel BBC Kids in Canada. It is serving a similar schedule to the main channel, in the UK, CBeebies is operated by the BBC Childrens division and part of BBC North. The division is responsible for CBBC and overall strategic responsibility for all of the BBCs domestic services for children rests with the Director of Childrens. She took over from the first controller Michael Carrington in 2010, internationally, CBeebies is owned by BBC Worldwide, who operate the brand. CBeebies offers a mix of mostly UK-produced entertainment and educational output designed to encourage learning through play and these goals are realised through a range of programmes about simple science, natural history, music and movement, storytelling, make up and make do, puzzle programmes and animation. The channels schedule is deliberately the same every weekday, with a different schedule at weekends, the schedule also includes signed programmes, shown in the UK between 14,00 and 17,00 on weekends. The international channels also show many programmes broadcast on the UK channel, inversely however, shows that air on CBeebies in the UK may air on networks other than CBeebies worldwide. Also, the international CBeebies airs 24 hours a day, unlike the UK variant, the following is a list of the ten most watched shows on CBeebies, based on Live +7 data supplied by the Broadcasters Audience Research Board. The links between programmes on CBeebies are primarily achieved through the use of in-vision continuity, using presenters to interact with the children, in the UK, links are pre-recorded rather than broadcast live, as is the case on sister channel CBBC
9.
CBBC (TV channel)
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CBBC is a British free-to-air childrens television channel operated by the BBC. CBBC is primarily aimed at viewers 6 to 12 years old, CBBC was named Channel of the Year at the Childrens BAFTA awards in November 2008 and 2015. The channel averages 300,000 viewers daily, the channel originally shared bandwidth on the digital terrestrial television platform with BBC Knowledge, and later BBC Three, necessitating that CBBC sign off at 7,00 p. m. daily. Beginning on 11 April 2016, following the closure of the linear BBC Three television service, on 22 August 2008, the BBC announced that the channel would be available live on its website from 16 September. CBBCs reach further expanded with the addition of the channel on the Sky line-up in the Republic of Ireland on 12 May 2011, since 27 March 2013, CBBC has been carried by the British Forces Broadcasting Service, sharing a channel with BBC Two. Along with CBBC, the CBBC channel is operated by the BBC Childrens department within the BBC and is part of the BBC North group, the CBBC channels programming output is very similar to the strand shown on BBC One. The channel often complements this strand with programmes shown earlier than on the channels, repeats or whole series shown in a day. The following is a list of the ten most watched shows on CBBC, as part of the channels original remit, the channel originally needed to show 100 hours a year of factual and schools programmes. Much of this programming was old BBC Schools programming shown, in cases, decades before. Very little new schools programmes were commissioned, the CBBC channel has had relatively similar presentation to that of its strand counterpart. The logo has remained the same as the service, green coloured blobs at the beginning of its life. At the beginning of September 2007, along with the relaunch, when the channel launched, presentation was located in TC2 at BBC Television Centre, where the channel shared studio facilities with the channels original magazine show Xchange. A further change was to place on 4 December 2006 when all output moved to a Chroma key set within TC12. This short live decision lasted until the 2007 relaunch, which involved a new office set being constructed, initially in TC12, in 2011, the CBBC Channel moved to MediaCityUK, and has been presented from there since 5 September. On 16 July 2013, the BBC announced that a high-definition simulcast of CBBC would be launched by early 2014, the channel launched on 10 December 2013. The channel broadcasts on the BBCs existing HD multiplex on Freeview, prior to launch, the majority of CBBCs HD output was broadcast on BBC HD before its closure on 26 March 2013. The HD channel was not added to the Sky EPG in the Republic of Ireland, as from 2013, CBBC Extra is now also accessed by the CBBC website. CBBC Extra is an interactive television service from CBBC provided by the BBC Red Button
10.
BBC America
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BBC America is a digital cable and satellite television network in the United States which is jointly owned by BBC Worldwide and AMC Networks. Consequently, BBC America operates as a channel and accepts traditional advertising. It is also funded by cable and satellite TV subscription fees, as of February 2015, BBC America is available to approximately 78,375,000 television households in the United States. BBC America was launched on March 29,1998, presenting a mixture of comedy, drama and lifestyle programs from BBC Television and other British television broadcasters including ITV and Channel 4. In the channels early days, it focused on repeats of popular shows such as Changing Rooms. BBC Americas head of television programming later stated that it was important for the channel to establish a niche since non-UK viewers found the shows appealing. Most of the newer programs appeared as part of BBC Americas evening schedule, after CEO Paul Lee was appointed president of ABC Family in 2009, the network appointed Bill Hilary from Comedy Central to serve as its chief executive officer. Hilary appointed Kathryn Mitchell to the new position of general manager, under Hilarys tenure, BBC America was restructured, it moved its main offices to New York City and had its programming budget increase substantially. The channel was led by Garth Ancier, who served as the president of BBC Worldwide Americas from February 2007 until 2010, meanwhile, Perry Simon serves as general manager. In 2014, AMC Networks acquired a 49. 9% equity stake in BBC America for $200 million, as part of the deal, AMC Networks also took on the responsibility of negotiating U. S. broadcast and advertising sales for the BBC World News channel. Some of the programs on the channel are edited either for adult content or to allow for commercials, additional series which have been previously broadcast may periodically return to the schedule as part of the networks rotation of daytime programming. In the mid-2000s, BBC America produced a few of its own shows along with some joint productions, the first original series produced solely by the channel was Copper, which premiered in the summer of 2012. BBC America has also branched into co-producing British series, including Robin Hood, The Musketeers, and, from its fourth series and they also co-produce the Canadian series Orphan Black. BBC America used to broadcast BBC World News each Monday through Friday morning from 6,00 to 8,00 a. m, all news programs now air exclusively on the BBC World News channel, also distributed by AMC Networks in the United States. The weekday morning simulcast used to include BBC World News bulletins, World Business Report, Sport Today, Asia Today, most of these were removed from the schedule without any announcement on April 6,2009. The weekend morning simulcast was also dropped on April 4,2009. According to BBC America, the simulcast was dropped because of disappointing ratings, from 2007 to 2011, BBC America broadcast BBC World News America, a live Washington, D. C. –based program anchored by Matt Frei. Katty Kay served as a Washington-based correspondent, an international edition of Newsnight debuted on February 29,2008, in the 10 p. m. time slot
11.
BBC Arabic Television
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BBC Arabic Television is a television news channel broadcast to the Middle East by the BBC. It was launched at 0956 GMT &1256 Moscow Standard Time on 11 March 2008 and it is run by the BBC World Service and funded from the British television licence fee. In 1994, BBC Arabic Television was launched by Rome-based Orbit Communications Company, on 21 April 1996, it was pulled off the air following an episode of Panorama that was critical of the Saudi Arabian government. Ian Richardson, who set up the department during that time blamed the short life of the channel on a clash with the owners over content. Many of the staff who worked for the original BBC Arabic Television service went on to work for Al Jazeera television, plans to relaunch the channel were announced in October 2005 and broadcasting was to start in Autumn 2007, but was delayed until 0956 GMT on 11 March 2008. Tony Khouri, Malak Jaafar BBC Arabic Television is run by the BBC World Service, the service is based in the Peel Wing of Broadcasting House in London. 24-hour programming began 19 January 2009, BBC Arabic can also be seen via bbc. co. uk/Arabic/. The website includes a 16,9 live stream of the channel, newshour, an hour-long news bulletin is broadcast twice a day. In this programme, the top stories of the day are analysed and covered by BBC correspondents around the world, the top stories are broadcast on the channel every fifteen minutes
12.
BBC Brit
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BBC Brit is an entertainment subscription television channel featuring factual entertainment programming. The channel is owned and operated by BBC Worldwide. Originally set to rollout internationally in 2014, it was announced it would launch in 2015. In October 2013, BBC announced that in 2014 they would roll out 3 new brands - BBC Earth, BBC First, and BBC Brit, with BBC Brit to be dedicated to entertainment programming. It was later announced that the content would largely be factual entertainment, other series are to include Room 101 and Mock the Week. It was also announced that roughly 50 hours, or roughly 5 series, BBC Brit premiered in Poland on 1 February 2015, replacing BBC Entertainment. BBC Brit replaced BBC Entertainment in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the channel launched on DStv in Africa replacing BBC Entertainment on 1 September 2015. The channels content is offered exclusively on BBC Player Singapore
13.
BBC Canada
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BBC Canada is a Canadian Category B specialty channel that mostly broadcasts television series originally produced by or for the BBC, the public-service broadcaster of the United Kingdom. The channel is owned by Corus Entertainment, with a minority stake held by BBC Worldwide, Alliance Atlantis was granted a broadcast licence for a Category 2 speciality service covering entertainment, drama and documentary programming. BBC Canada, by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission in November 2000, the channel was launched on September 7,2001 as a joint venture between AAC and BBC Worldwide. To promote the launch of BBC Canadas 2007 fall season, a 16-page British-style tabloid insert called the BBC Telly was published in the Toronto Star, toronto-based Pilot PMR created the campaign. On January 18,2008, a joint venture between Canwest and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners known as CW Media bought Alliance Atlantis and gained AACs interest in BBC Canada. On October 27,2010, the ownership changed once again as Shaw Communications gained control of BBC Canada as a result of its acquisition of Canwest. On May 13,2011, BBC Canada was separated from BBC Kids due to its ownership changing hands to Knowledge Network, while BBC Canada is part-owned by the BBC, not all of the BBCs programs air on BBC Canada. This means that much of the BBCs output airs on other Canadian channels which have either co-produced the programs or simply bid more for the Canadian broadcast rights. Despite its British focus, BBC Canada is licensed as a Canadian channel and is not exempt from the CRTCs broadcasting regulations that require it to carry a quota of Canadian content, Canadian programs currently airing on the channel include repeats of Disaster DIY and Holmes Inspection. Many of the programs, whether British, American or Canadian, are shared with other Corus Entertainment channels such as the Global Television Network, Showcase, HGTV. In October 2016, Corus launched BBC Canada HD, a 1080i high definition simulcast of the standard definition feed, the HD feed is currently available on Optik TV
14.
BBC Earth (TV channel)
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BBC Earth is a documentary subscription television channel featuring premium factual programming. The channel is owned and operated by BBC Worldwide. Originally set to rollout internationally in 2014, it was announced it would launch in 2015. In October 2013, the BBC announced that in 2014 it would rollout 3 new brands - BBC Earth, BBC First and it was later announced that the channel would air series such as Frozen Planet and Wonders of the Universe. In addition, roughly 30 hours of new content would be ordered for the channel in its first year, the channel is set to replace BBC Knowledge, however, if the existing channel is successful in certain markets it may remain. BBC Earth premiered in Poland on 1 February 2015, replacing BBC Knowledge, BBC Earth replaced BBC Knowledge in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland on 13 April 2015. BBC Earth replaced BBC Knowledge on 14 April 2015, on 14 April 2015, BBC Earth launched in Romania, replacing BBC Knowledge. BBC Earth premiered in Eastern European countries on 1 January 2016, BBC Earth launched in Turkey, replacing BBC Knowledge, on 14 April 2015. The channel launched in Africa replacing BBC Knowledge on 1 September 2015, in Asia, BBC Earth launched in Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam on 3 October 2015, replacing BBC Knowledge. BBC have entered into a joint venture with Multi Screen Media to launch the channel in India and it was launched on 6 March 2017, following regulatory approval of the joint venture. Kareena Kapoor is the ambassador for this channel, on December 6,2016, BBC Worldwide and Canadian media company Blue Ant Media announced plans to launch a Canadian version of BBC Earth. The channel launched on January 24,2017 and on February 18,2017 will host the Canadian premiere of Planet Earth II, on the date as the United States. BBC Earth replaced Blue Ant Medias radX, there are BBC Earth programming blocks on the following channels, ProSieben Maxx. WOWOW BBC Earth Official Website BBC Earth at Blue Ant Media
15.
BBC Entertainment
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BBC Entertainment is an international television channel broadcasting comedy, drama, light entertainment, reality and childrens programming from the BBC, Channel 4 and other UK production houses. The channel broadcasts regional versions to suit local demands and replaces BBC Prime and it is wholly owned by BBC Worldwide. The channel was launched in October 2006, replacing BBC Prime in Asian markets such as Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand, on 28 December 2006, it was launched on the Astro platform in Malaysia. The channel was launched in Poland, on Cyfrowy Polsat, in December 2007 and it was launched together with its sister channels in the Nordic countries in November 2008, when it replaced BBC Prime on Canal Digital, Com Hem, Telia Digital-TV and FastTV. The Nordic countries get a feed of the channel which differs from that in the rest of Europe. It was also launched in Mexico on the SKY México digital satellite platform in August 2008 in a deal with Televisa, the channel replaced BBC Prime in Europe and the Middle East & North Africa in November 2009. In Belgium, the Netherlands and Switzerland, BBC Entertainment is carried alongside BBC One and BBC Two, on the Telenet, Ziggo, on 1 December 2009, Astro dropped the channel and replaced it with ITV Granada. On 1 March 2010 in Italy Sky Italia also dropped the channel, in 2010 Kabel Deutschland made it a pay-TV channel. RCS&RDS launched the channel in Romania in November 2012, in August 2012, UniFi picked up the channel, thus making the channel available in Malaysia once more after a 3-year hiatus. However UniFi dropped the channel in December 2015
16.
BBC First
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BBC First is an entertainment subscription television channel featuring comedy and drama programming. The channel is owned and operated by BBC Worldwide. The channel began rolling out internationally in 2014, launching first in Australia, in October 2013, BBC announced that in 2014 they would rollout 3 new brands - BBC Earth, BBC First, and BBC Brit, with BBC First to be dedicated to comedy and drama programming. It was later announced the new channel would be named BBC First, BBC First launched in the Netherlands on 16 May 2015, initially exclusively on the KPN IPTV service on channel 23. The programme mix will be specifically for the Netherlands with more emphasis placed on drama, all programming is subtitled in Dutch. KPN simultaneously withdrew BBC Three and BBC Four, the channel launched in Belgium on 4 June 2015. The channel launched in South Africa on 18 October 2015, on the 7th of January 2016, BBC Worldwide and OSN have announced that they had forged a new and exclusive deal which would see the launch of BBC First HD on the first of February 2016. The new channel would broadcast to Middle East & North Africa and would feature comedy and drama content, BBC First launched a Subscription Video-On-Demand service on StarHub TV Channel 522 on 4 April 2016. BBC First was launched as a Subscription Video-On-Demand service on HyppTV Channel 812 on October 1,2016,10 months after BBC Entertainment was dropped from the provider, the channels content is also available in the VOD tab in the HyppTV Everywhere app for iOS and Android. On 1 November 2016, BBC First launched as a Subscription Video-On-Demand service in Hong Kong, the channel replaced BBC On Demand and BBC Entertainment on Now TV. On 14 November 2016, the service was launched on myTV Super OTT platform, there are BBC First programming blocks on the following channels, AXN Mystery. Banished Not all content are available in all territories
17.
BBC HD (international)
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BBC HD is an international high-definition television channel provided by BBC Worldwide and launched in September 2006. In Australia, an Australian version of BBC HD was broadcast on the Foxtel HD+ service which was available to subscribers on 2 June 2008 and was officially launched at the end of June 2008. On 15 November 2009 it was replaced on Foxtel HD+ by UKTV HD, during the first broadcast of BBC World News America, it was announced that BBC America HD would be launched in 2008. However, the HD version did not begin broadcasting until 20 July 2009, BBC HD started broadcasting to the Scandinavian countries in 2008. A localised Latin American feed started in 2011, in 2012 a Brazilian feed was created, though later that year, the Brazilian feed merged with that for the rest of the region, with separate audio and subtitle channels. BBC HD BBC HD Nordics BBC HD International
18.
BBC Kids
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It operates as a commercial-free channel that airs programming aimed at youth ranging from preschoolers to teenagers. It will feature programming primarily from the UK and around the world, 65% of the programming will target children ages 2 to 11, the majority of which will target 6 to 11 years old and 35% will target youth ages 12 to 17. The channel was launched on November 5,2001 as a joint venture between AAC and BBC Worldwide, Bean, The Animated Series and The Sleepover Club. In addition to British programs, the channel also broadcast Canadian programs, on October 27,2010, the channels ownership changed once again as Shaw Communications gained control of BBC Kids as a result of its acquisition of Canwest and Goldman Sachs interest in CW Media. It was revealed through regulatory documents on December 22,2010 that Shaw Media was in the process of selling the channel to a third party. The transaction required CRTC approval, which was granted on April 29,2011, on May 1,2016, BBC Kids updated its logo to reflect its 15th anniversary and to coincide with its new rebranding. BBC Kids broadcasts educational and entertainment programs from the BBC and Canadian series aimed at children ranging in age from 2 to 17 years in the form of live-action and animated programs. Emma Hank Zipzer Horrible Histories Horrible Science The Jungle Bunch Lark Rise to Candleford Lilly Lockie Leonard Marco Polo Minuscule Molang Mona the Vampire Moone Boy Monk Mr. Bean Mr. I. A, S Club 7 in Hollywood The Secret Show Silverwing The Sorcerers Apprentice Surprise. The Teletubbies Theodore Tugboat Thomas and Friends Trapped, tree Fu Tom Tweenies Walk on the Wild Side Weakest Link What About Mimi. Who Let the Dogs Out. m. to 3,30 p. m. Cartoon Afternoons - Cartoon Afternoons is a programming block dedicated to animated television series that airs weekdays from 3,30 -7,00 p. m. Eastern Time. Drama at 8 - Drama at 8 is a primetime block featuring various British dramas, such as Emma and it airs every weeknight at 8,00 p. m. Eastern Time. m. to 6,00 a. m. The Spot - Until May 12,2011, BBC Kids aired a block called The Spot, the Spot focused on programming aimed at grade school and pre-teen audiences. Jamaica - distributed on Flow Cable systems, the Bahamas - distributed on Cable Bahamas systems
19.
BBC Knowledge (international)
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On 15 November 2009, BBC Knowledge in Australia changed their channel location from Channel 619 to Channel 612. In 2014 it was announced that BBC Worldwide would rollout a new channel, BBC Earth, Poland was the first location to launch the new brand on 1 February 2015. BBC Knowledge was first launched in Singapore on mio TV in July 2007 and it has been available on now TV in Hong Kong since October 2007 and on the Cyfrowy Polsat digital satellite platform in Poland from December 2007. BBC Knowledge launched in Indonesia on Indovision in April 2008, and it has since also launched in the Scandinavian countries in November 2008 when it replaced BBC Prime on Canal Digital and several cable systems. It was launched in Australia on Foxtel and Optus Television on 1 November 2008, in South Korea on CJ HelloVision on 1 December 2008, BBC Knowledge was launched on Cable TV Hong Kong on 29 October 2009. The channel was launched in New Zealand in March 2011 replacing the Documentary Channel following that sale to BBC Worldwide. From 1 March 2011 the channel is broadcast in Italy too and its visible, in standard definition until 1 March 2016. On 13 August 2013 the channel launched on Digiturk in Turkey, on 1 February 2015, BBC Knowledge launched on Australian IPTV service Fetch TV
20.
BBC Lifestyle
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BBC Lifestyle is an international television channel. The channel provides six programming strands, Food, Home & Design, Fashion & Style, Health, Parenting, BBC Lifestyle first launched in Singapore on mio TV in July 2007. It is also available in Hong Kong on now TV, in Poland on the Cyfrowy Polsat digital satellite platform, on DStv in South Africa and on OSN in the Middle East & North Africa since September 2008. It has since launched in the Scandinavian countries in November 2008 when it replaced BBC Prime on Canal Digital, Com Hem
21.
BBC UKTV
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BBC UKTV is a subscription television channel in Australia and New Zealand, screening British entertainment programming, sourced mainly from the archives of the BBC, RTL Group and ITV plc. The channel was originally a joint venture with Foxtel, the RTL Group and it is now owned solely by BBC Worldwide. It is the home of the flagship programme The Graham Norton Show. The channel was first launched in Australia in August 1996, becoming available on Austar in April 1999, a New Zealand version with different programming launched on Sky TV, in November 2003. It shows a mix of repeats of old UK shows previously screened in Australia or New Zealand, repeated series include Doctor Who, Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, Are You Being Served. Dads Army, Torchwood, Torchwood Declassified, The Jewel in the Crown, Never the Twain, The Sweeney, and The Bill that have already been seen on free-to-air terrestrial television in Australia. New series include Shameless, new episodes of soap operas Coronation Street and EastEnders. UK soap opera Family Affairs, which has never been screened on free-to-air Australian television, in July 2006 UKTV began screening 2006 episodes of UK soap opera Emmerdale which had never before been screened in Australia. UKTVs episodes of EastEnders are around four weeks behind the United Kingdom, hollyoaks is sixteen weeks behind the UK episodes. By comparison Emmerdale is more than twenty three months behind the original UK broadcasts, in addition to British programming UKTV has repeated Australian soap operas Sons and Daughters and Prisoner which were both produced by the Reg Grundy Organisation. It also screened the TVNZ soap opera Shortland Street for several years in the 1990s, in Australia, UKTV, like all pay TV drama channels, is legally required to spend 10 per cent of its total program expenditure on funding new eligible drama programs. Such productions include Changi, Supernova, Make or Break and False Witness, UKTV has separate services in Australia and New Zealand, partly to reflect different local tastes, but also for rights reasons, as many programmes are shown on free-to-air channels in New Zealand. For example, Coronation Street has been shown on TVNZ1 for many years, while until May 2009, EastEnders was shown on Prime, on 1 July 2008 BBC Worldwide assumed full control of UKTV. BBC Worldwide previously had a 20 per cent stake in UKTV in a three way partnership with Foxtel and Fremantle Media, BBC Worldwide launched two new Australian channels, BBC Knowledge and CBeebies on 1 November 2008. On 3 October 2009 UKTV revealed a new logo, displaying that of the BBC, on 15 November 2009 the channel launched an HD simulcast, replacing BBC HD. In April 2013, the changed its logo and name to BBC UKTV. On 1 July 2014, the HD simulcast closed, making the channel available in standard definition. This came prior to the launch of BBC First, which would use the HD feed formerly used by BBC UKTV, in addition, BBC UKTV changed subscription packages on Foxtel - moving from the Drama & Lifestyle add-on package to the basic Essential package increasing its reach
22.
BBC News (TV channel)
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BBC News is the BBCs 24-hour rolling news television network in the United Kingdom. For a time, looped news, sport and weather bulletins were available to view via BBC Red Button, on 22 February 2006, the channel was named News Channel of the Year at the Royal Television Society Television Journalism Awards for the first time in its history. The judges remarked that this was the year that the channel had really come into its own, from May 2007, UK viewers could watch the channel via the BBC News website. In April 2008, the channel was renamed BBC News as part of a £550,000 rebranding of the BBCs news output, complete with a new studio and presentation. Its sister service, BBC World was also renamed BBC World News while the news bulletins became BBC News at One, BBC News at Six. Across the day the channel averages about twice the audience of Sky News, as a major part of the BBC News department, the channel is based at and broadcast from Broadcasting House in Central London. It was named RTS News Channel of the Year again in 2017, BBC News 24 was originally available to digital terrestrial, satellite and cable television subscribers. To this day, it and BBC Parliament remain the only BBC digital channels which are available to analogue cable subscribers. This coverage was improved in 1998 with the advent of television in the United Kingdom allowing satellite. The BBC had run the news channel BBC World for two and a half years prior to the launch of BBC News 24 on 9 November 1997. Sky News had had a hand with domestic news for over eight years. Sky News objected to the breaking of its monopoly, complaining about the associated with running a channel that only a minority could view from the licence fee. Sky News claimed that a number of British cable operators had been incentivised to carry News 24 in preference to the commercial Sky News. However, in September 1999 the European Commission ruled against a complaint made by Sky News that the publicly funded channel was unfair and illegal under EU law. The Commission ruled that the fee should be considered state aid but that such aid was justified due to the public service remit of the BBC. The channels journalistic output has been overseen by Controller of the channel, Kevin Bakhurst and this was a return to having a dedicated Controller for the channel in the same way as the rest of the BBCs domestic television channels. At launch, Tim Orchard was Controller of News 24 from 1997 until 2000, editorial decisions were then overseen by Rachel Atwell in her capacity as Deputy Head of television news. Her deputy Mark Popescu became responsible for content in 2004
23.
Boxer TV Access
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Boxer TV Access is a Swedish company providing pay television channels on the digital terrestrial television network in Sweden. Modeled on the British ITV Digital, it was founded in October 1999, some channels on the Swedish DTT are free-to-air, but most of the channels require subscription from Boxer. Boxer has claimed to have 709,000 subscribers by the end of 2007, Boxer offers dozens of channels, with the number of channels varying depending on location and how one wants to count. As of early 2008, channels from Boxer broadcast on four national transmitter networks, the fourth network, named MUX5, has lower coverage. Another transmitter network has higher coverage but it doesnt contain any Boxer channels, the majority shareholder was held in Boxer TV Access by Teracom which is owned by the Swedish state. The British venture capital firm 3i held a 30 percent stake, Teracom acquired this 30% stake from 3i in November 2008. Teracom sees this 100% stake as a next step. 3I had held the 30% having acquired the shares from Skandia Media Invest in 2005, with its 100% stake, Teracom moves from majority to sole shareholder in Boxer. Teracom has always been the main shareholder in Boxer and acquiring all the shares is a continuation of that ownership. In March 2008, Boxer TV A/S, a subsidiary of Boxer TV Access, won the franchise to build, in February 2009 it launched this service in Jutland covering West Denmark. On 21 July 2008 Boxer DTT Ireland were awarded the Irish franchise Boxer TV Ireland subject to contract, however, on 20 April 2009 the Broadcasting Commission of Ireland announced that contract negotiations had ended and Boxer DTT Ireland had withdrawn its application to operate the multiplexes. Free-to-air indicates that the channel does not have a decryption, MPEG-4 indicates that the channel requires a DVB-T or DVB-T2 receiver with MPEG-4 support. HDTV indicates that the channel requires a HD-ready TV and a HDTV receiver DVB-T2, Boxer had a monopoly for encrypted of television signals in the digital terrestrial network. If a broadcaster got to distribute television it had to either broadcast free-to-air or use the services of Boxer. This was a contravention to European Union rules which require that there is a market for radio. On 17 October 2006 the European Commission announced that it was taking Sweden to the European Court of Justice for failure to abolish the monopoly. The case against Sweden at the European Court of Justice taken by the European Commission, has since been withdrawn as a result of Sweden’s amendment of the broadcast regulations, Boxer TV Denmark Boxer TV Ireland http, //www. boxer. se/ - Official site
24.
ERT Digital
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ERT Digital was a pilot project by ERT, the public broadcaster of Greece. It was the first legal attempt at television broadcasting in Greece, featuring four new channels, Cine+, Prisma+ Sport+. It was officially launched in early 2006 as part of the digital television transition mandated by the European Union, the project was funded through ERTs budget and had no advertising. In the initial phase of the program, each channel was to broadcast between six and ten hours of original programming and this would last approximately 1–2 years in which time it was anticipated that new programming would be produced for each channel. ERT also hoped to launch at least two more digital channels at some point in the future, a channel and a childrens channel. The programming on the four channels was separate and distinct from that featured on ERTs three traditional analogue services - ΕΤ1, ΝΕΤ and ΕΤ3. ERT Digital was available to approximately 65% of the population, mainly in Athens, Thessaloniki and it broadcast free-to-air without any subscription cost, requiring only a generic DVB-T set-top box. The issue of paying for the four digital channels had been a bone of contention for many Greek citizens as ERT was funded by a fee levied on all Greek households through their electricity bills. Some contended that they should not have to pay for a service they might not be able to receive or did not want to watch, Cine+ features international & Greek films, cultural programmes and documentaries, mainly taken from ERTs vast programming archive. It also houses Studio+, a show featuring Greek and international videos. Upon the launch of ERT HD in April 2011, Cine+ was merged with Sport+ before being replaced by BBC World News in March 2012, Prisma+ focused on entertainment as well as news & education. It is the channel in Greece. It had been planned to be the first TV channel that was accessible to people with disabilities. Prisma+ broadcasts a programme with a variety of emissions and films, the majority of its programmes, unlike its sister channels is subtitled via teletext service. Prisma+ broadcasts 24 hours a day, but its programming is from 1,00 p. m. to 12,00 at midnight. The rest of the programming are revisions and it was replaced on its frequency by Deutsche Welle in March 2012. Sport+ was a channel covering live sporting events - mainly association football and basketball. NBA TV programmes were regularly featured, Sport+ was merged with Cine+ in April 2011
25.
PBS
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The Public Broadcasting Service is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor. PBS is funded by member dues, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, government agencies, corporations, foundations. All proposed funding is subjected to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source, since the mid-2000s, Roper polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States. This arbitrary distinction is a frequent source of viewer confusion and it also operates National Datacast, a subsidiary which offers datacasting services via member stations, and provides additional revenue for PBS and its member stations. In 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations, each station is charged with the responsibility of programming local content for their individual market or state that supplements content provided by PBS and other public television distributors. By contrast, PBS member stations pay fees for the acquired and distributed by the national organization. Under this relationship, PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial broadcasting counterparts, scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly depending on the market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism, however, PBS has a policy of common carriage, which requires most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common programming schedule to market them nationally more effectively. Management at former Los Angeles member KCET cited unresolvable financial and programming disputes among its reasons for leaving PBS after over 40 years in January 2011. Most PBS stations timeshift some distributed programs, once PBS accepts a program offered for distribution, PBS, rather than the originating member station, retains exclusive rebroadcasting rights during an agreed period. Suppliers retain the right to sell the program in non-broadcast media such as DVDs, books, in 1991, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting resumed production for most PBS shows that debuted prior to 1977, with the exceptions of Washington Week in Review and Wall Street Week. In 1994, The Chronicle of Philanthropy released the results of the largest study on the popularity and credibility of charitable, the strategy began that fall, with the intent to expand the in-program breaks to the remainder of the schedule if successful. In 2011, PBS released apps for iOS and Android to allow viewing of videos on mobile devices. An update in 2015 added Chromecast support, PBS initially struggled to compete with online media such as YouTube for market share. In a 2012 speech to 850 top executives from PBS stations, in the speech, later described as a “seminal moment” for public television, he laid out his vision for a new style of PBS digital video production. Station leadership rallied around his vision and Seiken formed PBS Digital Studios, which began producing educational but edgy videos, something Seiken called “PBS-quality with a YouTube sensibility. ”The studio’s first hit, in 2012, PBS began organizing much of its prime time programming around a genre-based schedule. PBS broadcasts childrens programming as part of the morning and afternoon schedule. Unlike its radio counterpart, National Public Radio, PBS does not have a program production arm or news division
26.
KCET
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KCET, channel 28, is a non-commercial educational, independent television station located in Los Angeles, California, USA owned by KCETLink. The stations studios are located in Burbank, California, and its transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson, KCET was a charter member of the Public Broadcasting Service at its inception in 1970. KCETs management cited unsolvable financial and programming disputes among its reasons for leaving PBS. For much of its time on air, KCET had broadcast from its studios in Hollywood until moving to new offices in Burbanks media district in 2012. The move has left CW affiliate KTLA as the last remaining radio or TV broadcaster in that neighborhood as stations have moved on to other cities, the merger is intended to also broadcast a local affiliate feed of LinkTV on one of KCETs subchannels. KCET, licensed to the non-profit group Community Television of Southern California, KCET initially broadcast in black and white from Monday through Friday. James Loper, a co-founder of CTSC, served as the director of education from 1964 to 1966 and then vice president. Loper then served as president of KCET from 1971 to 1983, prior to applying for and receiving a construction permit to build channel 28, CTSC attempted to acquire one of Los Angeless seven existing VHF commercial stations. In 1968, Community Television of Southern California emerged as a buyer of KTLAs license from then-owner Gene Autry. In 1970, KCET became a member of PBS. For most of the next 40 years, it was the second most-watched PBS station in the country, previously, KCET was headquartered in a historic area of Hollywood, used as a film and television studio from 1912 to 1970. KCET purchased the former Monogram Pictures property in 1971, assisted financially in part by both the Ford Foundation and the Michael Connell Foundation. In 1994, KCET and Store of Knowledge Inc. a Carson-based company, the other half of the $50 million grants for the show and supporting outreach programs came from First 5 California plus additional funding from a secret donor. The show would win Peabody and local Emmy awards and be shown national over PBS, KCET renamed its production studio to BP Studios in thanks. KCET originally planned to purchase the KOCE-TV PBS station together with the KOCE-TV Foundation from the Coast Community College District, in 2006, KCET launched a digital channel, KCET Desert Cities, for digital television and cable for the Coachella Valley. In September, KCET announced a channel for Orange County in partnership with California State University. The PBS dues for KCET had previously been $4.9 million, other large funding sources that had previously been counted on were shrinking and thus could not be tapped to pay the dues. PBS rejected the offer, insisting the station to remain as the primary affiliate, on October 8,2010, KCET announced that it could not reach an agreement to remain with PBS and would become an independent public television station on January 1,2011
27.
DVB-T
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This system transmits compressed digital audio, digital video and other data in an MPEG transport stream, using coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing modulation. It is also the format widely used worldwide for Electronic News Gathering for transmission of video, in the case of DVB-T, there are two choices for the number of carriers known as 2K-mode or 8K-mode. These are actually 1,705 or 6,817 sub-carriers that are approximately 4 kHz or 1 kHz apart, DVB-T offers three different modulation schemes. The DVB-T Standard is published as EN300744, Framing structure, channel coding, many countries that have adopted DVB-T have published standards for their implementation. These include the D-book in the UK, the Italian DGTVi, DVB-T has been further developed into newer standards such as DVB-H, which was a commercial failure and is no longer in operation, and DVB-T2, which was initially finalised in August 2011. DVB-T as a digital transmission delivers data in a series of blocks at the symbol rate. DVB-T is a COFDM transmission technique which includes the use of a Guard Interval and it allows the receiver to cope with strong multipath situations. Within a geographical area, DVB-T also allows single-frequency network operation, in such cases the signals from each transmitter in the SFN needs to be accurately time-aligned, which is done by sync information in the stream and timing at each transmitter referenced to GPS. The length of the Guard Interval can be chosen and it is a trade-off between data rate and SFN capability. The longer the interval the larger is the potential SFN area without creating intersymbol interference. It is possible to operate SFNs which do not fulfill the guard interval condition if the self-interference is properly planned and monitored, with reference to the figure, a short description of the signal processing blocks follows. Source coding and MPEG-2 multiplexing Compressed video, compressed audio, one or more MPEG-PSs are joined together into an MPEG transport stream, this is the basic digital stream which is being transmitted and received by TV sets or home Set Top Boxes. Allowed bitrates for the transported data depend on a number of coding and modulation parameters, splitter Two different MPEG-TSs can be transmitted at the same time, using a technique called Hierarchical Transmission. It may be used to transmit, for example a standard definition SDTV signal, generally, the SDTV signal is more robust than the HDTV one. At the receiver, depending on the quality of the received signal, MUX adaptation and energy dispersal The MPEG-TS is identified as a sequence of data packets, of fixed length. With a technique called energy dispersal, the sequence is decorrelated. External interleaver Convolutional interleaving is used to rearrange the transmitted data sequence, Internal encoder A second level of error correction is given by a punctured convolutional code, which is often denoted in STBs menus as FEC. There are five valid coding rates, 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, Internal interleaver Data sequence is rearranged again, aiming to reduce the influence of burst errors
28.
Hot Bird
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Hot Bird is a group of satellites operated by Eutelsat, located at 13°E over the Equator and with a transmitting footprint over Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Only digital radio and television channels are transmitted by the Hot Bird constellation, in addition there are a few interactive and IP services. The satellites currently operate at 13° East and are numbered 13B, 13C, Hot Bird 1 was launched by Ariane 44LP on 28 March 1995. The 13° East slot predates the launch, with Eutelsat 1F1 having been located there as early as 1983, Hot Bird 3 was launched by Ariane 44LP on 2 September 1997 and intended to be moved to 10°E to become Eurobird 10. During the drift from 13°E to 10°E, the satellite suffered loss of power from one solar array and it was nevertheless successfully moved to 10°E, but could only operate at a reduced capacity. Since then, it is operating at 4°E under the name Eurobird 4, at last it was moved to 75°E and renamed to ABS_1B. It has reached end-of-life. 5°E and renamed Eurobird 2, six transponders are leased to Arabsat under the name Badr 2, after having been called Arabsat 2D. Hot Bird 6 was launched by Atlas V401 on 21 July 2002, starting on 12 June 2009, the day of Iranian elections, deliberate interference affecting this satellite was traced to Iran. Hot Bird 6 is the carrier for BBC Persian Television. As of 2013, it is replaced with Hot Bird 10 Hot Bird 7 was lost in December 2002 during the Ariane 5 ECA launch and its replacement, Hot Bird 7A was successfully launched on 11 March 2006. Hot Bird 8 was launched by Proton on 5 August 2006, with a launch mass of 4.9 tonnes, Hot Bird 8 is the largest and the most powerful broadcast satellite serving Europe. Hot Bird 9 was launched by Ariane 5 ECA in December 2008 and its entry into service enabled the Hot Bird 7A satellite to be redeployed to 9° East and rebranded Eurobird 9A, increasing capacity to 38 Ku band transponders at this orbital position. Hot Bird 10 was launched by Ariane 5 ECA in February 2009 with NSS-9, Spirale A, the Eutelat 33E satellite is located at 33° East, Eutelsat’s premium video neighbourhood for cable and satellite broadcasting in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Bis TV Cyfrowy Polsat Eurosport Globecast NC+ NOVA Greece NOVA Cyprus Press TV Sky Italia Tivù Sat Viacom Up to 1000 television, official Eutelsat Satellites Eutelsat Hot Bird UnOfficial Hot Bird Frequency List Hot Bird 3D Channels
29.
Sky Italia
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Sky Italia is an Italian digital satellite television platform owned by Sky plc. It is similar in ways to Sky in the United Kingdom and Sky Ireland in Ireland, which is partly owned by 21st Century Fox. Pay TV services on Sky Italia are encrypted in NDS VideoGuard, the VideoGuard set-top boxes that have been provided since July 2010 are identical to the Sky+ HD boxes used in the UK. Sky Italia was founded in July 2003 by the merger of TELE+, since July 2010 Sky Italia has been giving the Sky Digital Key and the My Sky HD box for free to every new customer. The My Sky boxes launched on 22 November 2005 - based on a new digital receiver with HDD recording capabilities, subsequently, the My Sky HD boxes were added. The My Sky HD service had provided with an extra charge until July 2010. The service is identical to the BSkyB Sky+ HD. On 28 June 2010, Sky Italia changed its brands and logos, Sky Italia offers eight packages of channels, five base-level Channel Packs and three optional Sky Packs enhancements. Sky Primafila has got some similarities to BSkyBs Sky Movies Box Office, the HD service has been offered without any extra charge since 2009. There are 37 HDTV channels so far broadcasting on Sky, due to become 50 by the end of 2011, on 1 October 2010, Sky activated its first 3D channel, Sky Sport 3D, available without any extra cost to the Sport pack subscribers. The very first event Sky Sport 3D aired was the 2010 Ryder Cup, on 25 December 2010, Sky launched another 3D channel, Sky Cinema 3D, airing 3D movies, available for free for Cinema pack subscribers. These channel have been replaced by Sky 3D on 6 September 2011, on many channels, foreign-sourced content is broadcast either with an option to choose between Italian and English language soundtracks, or with Italian subtitles. Sky Italia uses the Hot Bird 6/8/9 satellites at 13. 0°E, Tom Mockridge, the then head of Sky Italia replaced Rebekah Brooks as chief executive of News International after she had resigned on 15 July 2011. Andrea Zappia replaced Tom Mockridge as CEO on 1 August 2011, on 7 October 2011 Sky Italia announced it reached the 5 million subscribers benchmark. The enlarged company would be likely to be called Sky Europe, the sale was announced on 25 July 2014 which was subject to regulatory and shareholder approval. The acquisition was completed on 13 November, March, the European Commission approves the merger between TELE+ and Stream TV. 31 July, Sky Italia is founded, April, Sky Italia abandons SECA encryption system to switch to the NDS, managed by the News Corporation. November, Skys subscribers reach 3 million, may, Sky Italia are awarded the broadcast rights to the 2006 FIFA World Cup
30.
HiTV
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High Television was Entertainment Highways multi-channel digital satellite television service in Nigeria, launched in 2007. It used Hypercable Digital Terrestrial technology and launched Direct to Home Satellite technology on the August 1,2007, HiTV later broadcast its material only on satellite at the price of N3,500 monthly. It was the first television platform in Africa to deploy Hypercable, HiTV services were stopped in November 2011 due to financial difficulties. The company no longer exists today, HiTV to provide satellite-broadcasting services on NigComSat Platform Add FTA channels on HiTV
31.
Indovision
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Indovision is a subscription-based direct broadcast satellite or direct-to-home satellite television and radio service initially in Indonesia. Indovision is currently owned by PT MNC Skyvision Tbk, Indovision began operations in January 1994. Indovision started its service with five-channel C-Band Direct Broadcast Satellite analog service, following in 1997, IndoStar-1 which also known as Cakrawarta-1 satellite was launched. This satellite uses S-Band frequency, which are vulnerable to atmospheric interference than C-Band frequency. Cakrawarta-1 is managed and operated by PT Media Citra Indostar, a subsidiary of PT Indosat Tbk which was established on July 22,1991. The S-Band DBS service substantially has increased programming line-up and has expanded the companys subscriber base using smaller, then, by the end of 1997, the company anticipated terminating its analog service and encouraged its subscribers to switch to its new digital DBS service. This digital system allows Indovision to deliver superior audio and video quality to its subscribers, in May 2009, Indovision launched a new satellite named Indostar-2/Cakrawarata-2/ProtoSar-2. It was later renamed to SES-7 in May 2010, currently, Indovision has 5 channels in high-definition, including HBO HD, Fox Movies Premium HD, National Geographic Channel HD, Disney XD HD, & Fox Sports 3 HD
32.
Dish Home
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Dish Home is the only DTH service provider in Nepal, operated by Dish Media Network Pvt. Ltd. 100,101,102,103 and 104 respectively and it provides all the major Nepali channels, Hindi and English language general entertainment channels, including other pay channels of sports, music, movies, news, and kids genre. Dish Home uses MPEG-4 with DVB S2 digital compression technology, transmitting HD Channels, Dish Home relies on CAS from Verimatrix and Latens. Their STBs are provisioned by SandMartin and Arion and its primary competitors are cable television providers, and other DTH service providers from India and China. On 17 July 2013, Dish Home temporarily shut down its transmission due to termination of its contract by the Hong Kong based PCCW Global, on 19 July 2013, Dish Home switched back its service through Amos-4 again
33.
Bell TV
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Bell TV, is the division of BCE Inc. that provides satellite television service across Canada. It launched on September 10,1997 and as of 2004 it has been providing Bell TV for Condos, Bell TV provides over 500 digital video and 100 HD and audio channels to, as of May 2010, over 1.8 million subscribers. Bell TV services are also repackaged and resold by Telus as Telus Satellite TV, high technology development costs and delays placed Tee-Comm in a severe financial position, prompting the remaining partners to pull out in 1996. Instead, U. S. satellite-TV provider Echostar Dish Network was chosen to provide the receivers, the Hughes DirecTV system had already been optioned to Power Broadcasting, in Canada, it has since been withdrawn. ExpressVu launched service in September 1997, initially as Dish Network Canada, followed by ExpressVu Dish Network, Bell took over full ownership of ExpressVu by 2000. The ExpressVu name was retired in August 2008 along with the Today Just Got Better advertising campaign, Bells television services as a whole are now simply called Bell TV. When disambiguation is required, the service is called Bell Satellite TV. Plans have been shelved for any additional ExpressVu satellite expenditures assuming pending CRTC, as a result of this, SES has announced that they will not be replacing the ill-fated AMC-14 now that Dish Network has cut this deal with Telesat & BCE for Nimiq 5 usage. In 2009, Telus reached a deal to resell a re-packaged version of the Bell TV service in parts of Alberta, the Telus-branded service co-exists with the Bell-branded version of Bell TV, which is still offered in the markets that Telus Satellite TV is offered. In 2012, Bell changed satellite plans in Ontario and they are now sold in packages called Good, Better and Best similarly to its competitor Rogers Cable in that region. Channels in the Best tier can still be purchased in theme packages and this also does not affect other regions such as Quebec, where there are different types of plans. Along with these changes, Bell discontinued sales and rentals of its final standard-definition television receiver, customers who still have an older SDTV with an AV input can use an HD receiver, but the quality will be limited to 480i due to technical limitations. Bell TV broadcasts from two satellites, Nimiq 4 and 6. Nimiq 4 was launched on September 19,2008, and Nimiq 6 was launched on May 17,2012, both satellites follow an equatorial path, giving coverage to most of Canada. Nimiq is an Inuktitut word for that which unifies and was chosen from a naming contest in 1998. The two satellites are owned and operated by Telesat Canada, Bells uplink site is located in North York, Toronto, Ontario. Nimiq 4, located at 82° W primarily serves Bell’s high-definition television content, Nimiq 6, located at 91. 1° W primarily serves Bell’s standard-definition television and radio content. Each satellite has 32 Ku-band transponders, a transponder usually has enough bandwidth to broadcast approximately 10 channels
34.
Shaw Direct
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Shaw Direct is a direct broadcast satellite television distributor in Canada. Known for their direct broadcasting by satellite distribution, it is majority-owned by cable TV operator Shaw Communications Inc, as of 2010, Shaw Direct had over 900,000 subscribers. The company was known as Star Choice until April 15,2009. A full list of channels carried by these three satellites is available from satellite-related sites such as Lyngsat, Anik F1 carries most mainstream English-language programming, Anik F2 programming includes French-language and HDTV broadcasts. A third planned satellite, Anik G1, was launched on April 15,2013 and this new satellite provides Shaw Direct customers with access to over 210 HD channels, beating out rival competitor Bell TV as having the most HD channels in Canada. Shaw Direct began in Lincoln, New Brunswick, but is now based in Calgary and its broadcast centre is in Mississauga, Ontario, and has call centres in Victoria, Vancouver, Winnipeg and Montreal. March 1997, Opened first customer care centre, march 1997, Activated their first customer, Archie Gray, who purchased a receiver for $999 with 100 digital channels when he purchased $400 worth of programming. September 1997, Added Shaw PPV to their lineup, September 1999, Added 60 new channels to their lineup. January 2000, Launched HDTV programming with the broadcast of Super Bowl XXXIV, August 2000, Privatized by Shaw Communications Inc. through its acquisition of Cancom. April 2001, Activated both Anik F1 and Anik E2 satellites, becoming the first Canadian provider to broadcast services from two satellites simultaneously, march 2002, Moved its head office from Lincoln, New Brunswick to Calgary, Alberta. May 2002, Sold its one millionth receiver, August 2003, Launched its first fully integrated High Definition receiver, the Motorola DSR500 HD. September 2003, WTSN was dropped from lineup because of the channels demise, february 2004, Added 16 additional standard-definition channels to their lineup, which is also including 2 high-definition ones. July 2004, Announced the expansion of new channels as a result of the launch of the Anik F2 satellite, may 2005, Launched the dual tuner High Definition Digital Video Recorder. November 2005, TCM is introduced to the Canadian market for the first time, September 1,2006, AMC and Teletoon are introduced to the Canadian market for the first time. October 2006, A&E HD, Discovery HD and SRC HD launch on October 12,2006, Super Écran HD launches October 30,2006, bringing the total amount of free HD channels to 15. December 2006, Showcase HD and National Geographic Channel HD launch on December 19,2006 bringing the amount of free HD channels to 17. January 2007, Launched the DSR317 receiver, featuring a faster processor than previous Standard Definition receivers, Super station WGN was swapped for the local Chicago feed on January 17,2007. February 2007, Launched the DSR207 receiver, featuring a faster processor than previous Standard Definition receivers, march 2007, Star Choice announces the addition of GOL-TV, WFN, WGN HD and HD Net
35.
Astro (television)
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All-Asian Satellite Television and Radio Operator is a Malaysian direct broadcast satellite Pay TV service. Astro was granted a license as a sole Pay TV provider by the Malaysia federal government until 2022. Until then, it will be the only DBS provider in Malaysia and its only with their allies is HyppTV, a IPTV service by TM who carry their 5 Astro channels. As of September 2014, astro provided services to four million subscribers. Astro is an owned subsidiary of Astro All Asia Networks plc. Bhd. Astro launched the first High Definition broadcast in Malaysia in December 2009 under the brand Astro B. yond. Following the launch of HD, Astro B. yond PVR was introduced in June 2010 and Astro B. yond IPTV in April 2011 followed by Over-The-Top service, on 18 February 2012, Astro introduced NJOI as an entry-level DTH satellite TV service. It is the first non-subscription-based satellite TV, as of February 2015, NJOI has 24 SDTV channels,5 HDTV channels and all radio channels. Tan Sri Ananda Krishnan, was issued a license in 1995 to operate MEASAT, MEASAT in turn launched ASTRO, Malaysia’s digital direct broadcast satellite service. He is estimated to have a net worth of over US$7.4 billion, Malaysia’s privately owned FM stations exhibit similar ownership patterns as television, and is largely controlled by Ananda Krishnan. Five of the seven stations are owned by Airtime Management and Programming Sdn, Bhd. AMP additionally operates four “FM” services that are available only via digital direct broadcast satellite. AMP is also a division of Krishnan’s ASTRO, not forgetting that Ananda Krishnan also has control over the telecommunication company Binariang Bhd. that owns two satellites Measat-1, Measat-2 and now Maxis Communications Berhad. Astro utilises 11 high powered Ku-band transponders on MEASAT-3 and 6 high powered Ku-band transponders on MEASAT-3A to transmit its signal across Malaysia, MEASAT-3 and MEASAT-3A are owned by MEASAT Satellite Systems Sdn Bhd, a subsidiary of MEASAT Global. Astro and MEASAT Global are related parties, MEASAT-3 was launched into orbit in Dec 2006 at 91.5 degrees east, entered commercial service on 1 February 2007 and has a design lifetime of 15 years. MEASAT-3A, which also has a lifetime of 15 years. Both satellites are controlled from the Measat Teleport and Broadcast Centre located in Cyberjaya, a backup satellite control facility is located at the All Asia Broadcast Centre. On 1 January 2003, Astro Showcase was launched as a channel showcasing Southeast Asian movies. The following year, Season Pass was launched, showing games and these two have now became pay-per-view channels under the Astro Box Office name and new logo was launched, the uppercase Philips ASTRO was changed to the lowercase astro
36.
Tata Sky
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Tata Sky is a direct broadcast satellite television provider in India, using MPEG-4 digital compression technology, transmitting using INSAT-4A and GSAT-10 satellite. Incorporated in 2004, Tata Sky is a Joint venture between the Tata Group and 21st Century Fox. Its primary competitors in satellite television and other DTH service providers are – Airtel Digital TV, Dish TV, Sun Direct, Reliance Digital TV, DD Free Dish and it currently offers 475 SD channels and 85 HD channels and services along with other many active services. Tata Sky has entered into an agreement with French firm Technicolor to supply 4K set top boxes from early 2015, Tata Sky is an equity strategic alliance in the nature of joint venture between the Tata Group and 21st Century Fox, which own 70% and 20% stake respectively. In 2008, Singapore-based Temasek Holdings picked up 10% stake in Tata Sky from the Tata Group, Tata Sky was incorporated in 2001, but launched services on 8 August 2006. STAR’s parent company, 21st Century Fox, owns an International group of DTH businesses that include Sky Italia in Italy, the company uses the Sky brand owned by British Sky Broadcasting. On 9 January 2015, Tata Sky became the first Indian DTH operator to offer 4K set-top-boxes to its consumers, Tata Sky was the second operator to launch DTH or direct-to-home services in 2006. At that time, the decided to use an ISRO satellite. In 2005, Tata Sky signed a contract with ISRO for provision of space on the INSAT-4A satellite. In 2007, one year after the launch of the DTH player, the extra space was promised in 2009 on the GSAT-10 satellite, a then to be launched satellite inducted into the INSAT system. The GSAT-10 was launched in September 2012, but Tata Sky has not utilized the transponders till today. ISO27001,2005 accreditation - In March 2009, Tata Sky became the first Indian direct-to-home service provider to be awarded the ISO27001,2005 accreditation, the benchmark for information security. ISO27001,2005 is a standard that provides specifications and guidance for the establishment. Direct-to-home television in India Official website
37.
Dialog TV
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Dialog TV is a direct broadcast satellite pay TV service provider based in Sri Lanka. A fully owned subsidiary of Dialog Axiata PLC, Dialog TV was launched in July 2005 under the name CBNsat and it was later renamed to Dialog TV in February 2007 after the company was acquired by Dialog Axiata PLC. Dialog TV currently has over 700,000, Dialog TV has coverage over the entirety of Sri Lanka, Nepal and neighboring countries through the Intelsat-12 satellite. Dialog TV is a provider of Standard Definition TV, High Definition TV, Dialog Television currently offers 144 TV channels, including 7 HD channels. Dialog TV offers 2 payment options for customers to receive their service, per Day Packages allows the customer to pay a daily rental fee ranging from Rs.3 to Rs.12 for a limited number of channels. Alternatively the Postpaid payment method has 5 package options with a rental fee of between Rs.699 to Rs.1949 for higher number of channels. Dialog Television offers you the convenience to choose additional Channel Packs varying from Movies, Sports, Entertainment, Edutainment, daily Pass gives you access to all of Dialog Television channels for a day, two days, one week or one month. Subscription via USSD or SMS from your mobile, ON or OFF your Dialog Television Channels from the comfort of your home via SMS. Dialog Television brings you the latest digital revolution, Dialog Television HD DTH service, with great picture quality, incredibly vivid colors, sharper images and stunning surround sound, this new service will give you a breathtaking entertainment experience. Customers will have to plug in a USB drive to their decoder & start recording. Dialog Television, announced the launch of its home theater innovation aimed at providing Sri Lankan movie. Branded as the 7th Circuit, this channel carry pre-cinema movie premiers based on a pay–per–view model, Dialog TV expresses its hopes to soon expand their digital network to other neighboring countries. Dialog TV signed an agreement with ESPN and Star Sports on 7 March 2006, the Zee package was launched in January. Al Jazeera English was launched on 19 April 2007, replacing the SET channel, in March 2007, Dialog TV won exclusive rights to broadcast the Cricket World Cup 2007 in Sri Lanka. Dialog TVs third transponder was launched in late April 2007, the third transponder is now available on Dialog TV for all subscribers, and all except one of the new channels are launched. The STAR package was launched on August 3,2007, STAR Cricket was added on August 7,2007. A software upgrade was tested on 8 June, although it only updated to the June 1,2006 software, the 2007 July update was made available on July 18,2007. This update changed all logos and names on the software to Dialog TV from the previous CBNsat
38.
TrueVisions
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TrueVisions is Thailands leading cable satellite television operator. Now owned by the True Corporation, the company was known as the United Broadcasting Corporation and also known as UBC-True. International Broadcasting Corporation was the first national cable TV provider established in 1989 by Thaksin Shinawatra, after having granted a 20-years concession to provide subscription television service by MCOT, IBC began broadcasting its programmes via super high frequency microwave using MMDS. Its first DTH service began in 1995 after their request for expansion was approved. In 1997, South African-Dutch company, MIH Limited bought 16% stake in IBC, iBC’s content mostly came from other countries such as HBO, CNN and ESPN. UTV began providing its CATV service in Bangkok Metropolitan Areas in September 1995, the service was offered on its high quality hybrid fiber coaxial network which began deploying in 1994. The cable technology allowed a number of channels to be offered, with high quality sound and picture, by 1997 hybrid fiber coaxial cable network passed an estimated 800,000 homes. In 1997 UTV sold the infrastructure component of its business to its sister company Asia Multimedia Company Limited. This allowed UTV to focus on content and subscriber management service delivery, due to an economic crisis since 1997, in February 1998, IBC signed a merger with UTV to form United Broadcasting Corporation in order to survive the crisis by decreased the operation costs. In November 2005, True Corporation announced it would take over UBC plc. It will buy 30. 59% stake from MIH Holdings and launch an offer for the 221 million shares outstanding at 26.5 baht per share. In April 2006, UBC has rebranded to UBC-True following the take over completion, UBC was delisted from SET on 11 April 2006. On April 2,2006, UBC-True announced that it was launching the documentary channels Explore 1, Explore 2, UBC-True also announced the entertainment channels, G-Square and UBC Preview, followed by two music channels, Majung TV and True Music. On 24 January 2007, UBC-True was rebranded as TrueVisions, also known as TrueVisions UBC along with an announcement of its rights to Premier League. After a long fight on piracy, TrueVisions switched its content encryption system to VideoGuard on 12 July 2012 and it also upgrade its video encryption from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 which can be used with a new HD set-top box which was launched in October 2011. Premier League has been the one of its content for years until it lost the rights to the newcomer, CTH. TrueVisions airs 6 beIN Sports channels after completed a negotiation with the Qatar-based sport network, regular programming was gradually returned to the channels over the course of the next several weeks. On 1 April 2013, TrueVisions dropped Star World along with Channel M from its platform and this was because Fox International Channels no longer offered them on an exclusivity basis
39.
Sky Television (New Zealand)
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Sky Network Television Limited is a New Zealand pay television satellite TV provider. It is also a wholesale channel provider to New Zealand cable television provider Vodafone and terrestrial pay television service Igloo, on 31 December 2015, Sky had 860,445 subscribers, making it the largest pay television platform in New Zealand. Despite the similarity of name and services, such as Sky Go and My Sky+ shared with its British equivalent, Sky, the company was founded by Craig Heatley in 1987 as Sky Media Limited. The first Sky subscriber was former Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives Jonathan Hunt, according to Helen Clark, the concept of a pay television service was new to New Zealand and Sky had early problems. These included viewer acceptance of subscriber television and it faced difficulty in educating retailers and customers on the use of the original decoders. However, this problem was eased with the introduction of easier-to-use decoders that allowed greater viewer flexibility, Sky originally launched in early 1990 as an analogue UHF service. Subscribers required UHF set top box and UHF aerial both of which were supplied by when joining Sky, the signal was sent with the picture scrambled, the decoder was used to unscramble the picture. The Sky Movies channel was the channel broadcast in NICAM stereo. The original channel lineup consisted of just three channels, Sky Movies, Sky Sport and Sky News, Sky rapidly won long term rights from US sports network ESPN as well as CNN and HBO providing it with a supply of sports, news and movies for the three channels. Sky News screened a mixture of CNN International and BBC news bulletins, the Sky News channel was later discontinued and became branded as a CNN channel. In 1994, Sky launched two channels, Discovery Channel and Orange, Orange later became known as Sky 1. Discovery Channel broadcast on an already used by Trackside. Orange broadcast from 4 pm onwards each day with Juice TV screening outside of Oranges broadcast hours, Cartoon Network shared the same channel as Orange from 1997 to 2000 screening between 6 am and 4 pm with Orange screening after 4 pm. In 2000, Cartoon Network was replaced with Nickelodeon, later, funding allowed Sky to extend its coverage throughout most of New Zealand, In 1991, the company expanded to Rotorua, Wellington and Christchurch. Then in 1994, the company expanded to Hawkes Bay, Manawatu, Southland and Otago, followed by the Wairarapa, Taupo and its final UHF expansion, in 1996, was to Taranaki, Whangarei, and eastern Bay of Plenty. Following the launch of the satellite service in 1998, Sky began reducing services on the UHF platform. NICAM stereo was eventually removed from Sky Movies, the CNN channel was discontinued in 2004 with the UHF frequencies issued to Māori Television, Sky switched off its analogue UHF TV service on 11 March 2010 at midnight. Sky used a portion of the freed up UHF and radio spectrum to launch its joint venture, Igloo, the remaining unused spectrum was relinquished back to the Government and will be recycled to support new broadcasting ventures
