1.
Mario Bava
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Mario Bava was an Italian director, screenwriter, special effects artist, and cinematographer from the golden age of Italian horror films. His work kick-started the giallo genre and the modern slasher film. His son Lamberto Bava later went on to become a horror film director in his own right. Mario Bava was born in San Remo, Liguria on 31 July 1914 and he was the son of Eugenio Bava, a sculptor who also worked as a special effects photographer and cameraman in the Italian silent movie industry. Mario Bavas first ambition was to become a painter, unable to turn out paintings at a profitable rate, he went into his fathers business, working as an assistant to other Italian cinematographers like Massimo Terzano. He also helped his father at the effects department at Benito Mussolinis film factory. Bava became a cinematographer in his own right in 1939, shooting two films with Roberto Rossellini. He made his debut in the early 1940s. Bavas camerawork was a factor in developing the screen personas of such stars of the period as Gina Lollobrigida, Steve Reeves. Bava completed filming I vampiri for director Riccardo Freda in 1956, Bava co-directed The Day the Sky Exploded in 1958, the first Italian science fiction film, predating even the sci-fi films of Antonio Margheriti. Because he had no earlier credited experience as a director, the film was credited solely to Paolo Heusch, in 1960, Bava directed the gothic horror classic Black Sunday, his first solo directorial effort, which made a genre star out of Barbara Steele. His use of light and dark in black-and-white films is widely acclaimed along with his use of color in films such as Black Sabbath, Kill. Blood and Black Lace and The Whip and the Body and his work has proved very influential. Bava directed what is now regarded as the earliest of the Italian giallo films, The Girl Who Knew Too Much and Blood and his 1965 sci-fi/ horror film Planet of the Vampires was a thematic precursor to Alien. Although comic books had served as the basis for countless serials and childrens films in Hollywood, Bavas Danger, many elements of his 1966 film Kill, Baby. Regarded by Martin Scorsese as Bavas masterpiece, also appear in the Asian strain of terror film known as J-horror, 1971s A Bay of Blood is considered one of the earliest slasher films, and was explicitly imitated in Friday the 13th Part 2. Mario Bava was very disappointed with the distribution of some of his later films. His Lisa and the Devil was never picked up by a distributor, in 1977, Bava directed his last horror film, Shock, which was co-directed with his son Lamberto Bava who did the work uncredited
2.
Joseph Cotten
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Joseph Cheshire Cotten, Jr. was an American film, stage, radio and television actor. Cotten achieved prominence on Broadway, starring in the stage productions of The Philadelphia Story. He first gained fame in the Orson Welles film Citizen Kane, The Magnificent Ambersons. He went on to one of the leading Hollywood actors of the 1940s, appearing in films such as Shadow of a Doubt, Love Letters, Duel in the Sun, Portrait of Jennie, The Third Man. One of his films was Michael Ciminos Heavens Gate. Joseph Cotten was born in 1905 in Petersburg, Virginia, the first of three born to Joseph Cheshire Cotten, Sr. an assistant postmaster, and Sally Willson Cotten. He grew up in the Tidewater region and showed an aptitude for drama, in 1923, when Cotten was 18, his family arranged for him to receive private lessons at the Hickman School of Expression in Washington, D. C. and underwrote his expenses. He earned spending money playing professional football on Sundays, for $25 a quarter, after graduation, he earned enough money as a lifeguard at Wilcox Lake to pay back his familys loan, with interest. He worked as an agent, and his work as a theatre critic inspired him to become involved in theatre productions, first in Virginia. Cotten made his Broadway debut in 1930, in 1934 Cotten met and became friends with Orson Welles, a fellow cast member on CBS Radios The American School of the Air. Welles regarded Cotten as a brilliant comic actor, and gave him the role in his Federal Theatre Project farce. Cotten was sure that Horse Eats Hat won him the notice of his future Broadway costar, Cotten made his film debut in the Welles-directed short, Too Much Johnson, a comedy that was intended to complement the aborted 1938 Mercury stage production of William Gillettes 1890 play. The film was never screened in public and was lost until 2013, Cotten returned to Broadway in 1939, creating the role of C. K. Dexter Haven opposite Katharine Hepburns Tracy Lord in the original production of Philip Barrys The Philadelphia Story. The play ran for a year at the Shubert Theatre, Hayward suggested that they call Cottens good pal, Orson Welles. Hes been making big waves out here, Hayward said, maybe nobody in Hollywood ever heard of the Shubert Theatre in New York, but everybody certainly knows about the Mercury Theatre in New York. After the success of Welless War of the Worlds 1938 Halloween radio broadcast, the two-picture deal promised full creative control for the young director below an agreed budget limit, and Welless intention was to feature the Mercury Players in his productions. Shooting had still not begun on a Welles film after a year, in mid-1940 filming began on Citizen Kane, portraying the life of a press magnate who starts out as an idealist but eventually turns into a corrupt, lonely old man. The film featured Cotten prominently in the role of Kanes best friend Jedediah Leland, nominated for nine Academy Awards in 1942, the film won only for Best Screenplay, for Mankiewicz and Welles
3.
Elke Sommer
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Elke Sommer, born Elke Baronesse von Schletz, is a German actress, entertainer and artist who starred in many Hollywood films. Sommer was born in Berlin to a Lutheran minister and his wife, after the Second World War, the family was evacuated to Erlangen, a small university town in Bavaria, where she attended the prestigious Gymnasium in Erlangen. However, her fathers death when she was 14 precluded further formal education and she was spotted by film director Vittorio De Sica while on holiday in Italy, and started appearing in films there in the late 1950s. She quickly became a sex symbol and moved to Hollywood in the early 1960s. She also became one of the most popular girls of the time. With Bob Hope, the Bulldog Drummond extravaganza Deadlier Than the Male and The Wrecking Crew with Dean Martin, Sommer was the leading lady in each of these films. In 1964, she won a Golden Globe award as Most Promising Newcomer Actress for The Prize, Sommers films during the 1970s included the thriller Zeppelin, in which she co-starred with Michael York, and a remake of Agatha Christies oft-filmed murder mystery, Ten Little Indians. In 1972, she starred in two Italian horror films directed by Mario Bava, Baron Blood and Lisa and the Devil, the latter was subsequently re-edited to make a different film called House of Exorcism. Sommer went back to Italy to star in additional scenes that were inserted into the film by its producer, in 1975, Peter Rogers cast her in the British comedy Carry On Behind as the Russian Professor Vrooshka. She became the Carry Ons highest paid performer, at £30,000, Most of her movie work during the decade came in European films. After the 1979 comedy The Prisoner of Zenda, which reunited her with Sellers, Sommer also performed as a singer, making several albums. She provided the voice for Yzma in the German release of The Emperors New Groove, since the 1990s, she has concentrated more on painting than on acting. As an actress, she worked in half a dozen countries learning the languages and her artwork shows a strong Marc Chagall influence. Sommer had a feud with Zsa Zsa Gabor that began in 1984 when both appeared on Circus of the Stars and escalated into a multimillion-dollar libel suit by 1993. In 2001, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California and she now lives in Los Angeles, California. In 1964, she married Hollywood columnist Joe Hyams, who was 17 years older, Sommer suffered her first miscarriage while working on the set of The Money Trap, in which she co-starred with Glenn Ford and Rita Hayworth. A second miscarriage followed exactly one year later during the filming of Boy, Did I Get A Wrong Number, in 1973, Sommer and Hyams tried again to start a family. While working on the set of Die Reise nach Wien she suffered her third miscarriage, and her marriage was on the rocks
4.
Massimo Girotti
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Massimo Girotti was an Italian film actor whose career spanned seven decades. Born in Mogliano, in the province of Macerata, Girotti developed his athletic physique by swimming and playing polo, the film marked, in a sense, the birth of Italian neo-realism. Some of his notable films include Caccia tragica by Giuseppe De Santis. In 1950, he starred opposite Lucia Bosé in Michelangelo Antonionis first full-length feature, Cronaca di un amore. In 1953, he played Spartacus in an Italian epic film known in the US as Sins of Rome and then, returned to again for Visconti, in Senso. Two years later, Pasolini cast him as Creonte opposite Maria Callas in his Medea, in 1972, he was in Bernardo Bertoluccis Last Tango in Paris. That same year he made a appearance in a horror film when he agreed to a supporting role in Baron Blood as a favor to its director Mario Bava. He continued to act in roles for the next thirty years. Some of the films he appeared in have been notable, including Joseph Loseys Monsieur Klein with Alain Delon and Jeanne Moreau and he died in Rome of a heart attack after having just completed his last film, Ferzan Özpeteks La Finestra di fronte
5.
Italian language
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By most measures, Italian, together with Sardinian, is the closest to Latin of the Romance languages. Italian is a language in Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City. Italian is spoken by minorities in places such as France, Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Crimea and Tunisia and by large expatriate communities in the Americas. Many speakers are native bilinguals of both standardized Italian and other regional languages, Italian is the fourth most studied language in the world. Italian is a major European language, being one of the languages of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe. It is the third most widely spoken first language in the European Union with 65 million native speakers, including Italian speakers in non-EU European countries and on other continents, the total number of speakers is around 85 million. Italian is the working language of the Holy See, serving as the lingua franca in the Roman Catholic hierarchy as well as the official language of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Italian is known as the language of music because of its use in musical terminology and its influence is also widespread in the arts and in the luxury goods market. Italian has been reported as the fourth or fifth most frequently taught foreign language in the world, Italian was adopted by the state after the Unification of Italy, having previously been a literary language based on Tuscan as spoken mostly by the upper class of Florentine society. Its development was influenced by other Italian languages and to some minor extent. Its vowels are the second-closest to Latin after Sardinian, unlike most other Romance languages, Italian retains Latins contrast between short and long consonants. As in most Romance languages, stress is distinctive, however, Italian as a language used in Italy and some surrounding regions has a longer history. What would come to be thought of as Italian was first formalized in the early 14th century through the works of Tuscan writer Dante Alighieri, written in his native Florentine. Dante is still credited with standardizing the Italian language, and thus the dialect of Florence became the basis for what would become the language of Italy. Italian was also one of the recognised languages in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Italy has always had a dialect for each city, because the cities. Those dialects now have considerable variety, as Tuscan-derived Italian came to be used throughout Italy, features of local speech were naturally adopted, producing various versions of Regional Italian. Even in the case of Northern Italian languages, however, scholars are not to overstate the effects of outsiders on the natural indigenous developments of the languages
6.
Horror film
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Horror film is a film genre that seeks to elicit a negative emotional reaction from viewers by playing on their fears. Inspired by literature from authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Bram Stoker, the macabre and the supernatural are frequent themes. Horror may also overlap with the fantasy, supernatural fiction and thriller genres, Horror films often deal with viewers nightmares, fears, revulsions and terror of the unknown. Plots within the genre often involve the intrusion of an evil force, event. Another of his projects was 1898s La Caverne maudite. Japan made early forays into the genre with Bake Jizo and Shinin no Sosei. The era featured a slew of literary adaptations, with the works of Poe and Dante, in 1908, Selig Polyscope Company produced Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In 1910, Edison Studios produced the first filmed version of Frankenstein, the macabre nature of the source materials used made the films synonymous with the horror film genre. Before and during the Weimar Republic era, German Expressionist filmmakers would significantly influence later productions, the first vampire-themed movie, Nosferatu, was made during this period, though it was an unauthorized adaptation of Bram Stokers Dracula. Other European countries also, contributed to the genre during this period, though the word horror to describe the film genre would not be used until the 1930s, earlier American productions often relied on horror themes. Some notable examples include The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Phantom of the Opera, The Cat and the Canary, The Unknown, and The Man Who Laughs. Many of these films were considered dark melodramas because of their stock characters and emotion-heavy plots that focused on romance, violence, suspense. The trend of inserting an element of macabre into American pre-horror melodramas continued into the 1920s, directors known for relying on macabre in their films during the 1920s were Maurice Tourneur, Rex Ingram, and Tod Browning. Ingrams The Magician contains one of the first examples of a mad doctor and is said to have had a influence on James Whales version of Frankenstein. The Unholy Three is an example of Brownings use of macabre and unique style of morbidity, he remade the film in 1930 as a talkie, during the early period of talking pictures, Universal Pictures began a successful Gothic horror film series. Tod Brownings Dracula was quickly followed by James Whales Frankenstein and The Old Dark House, some of these films blended science fiction with Gothic horror, such as Whales The Invisible Man and featured a mad scientist, mirroring earlier German films. Frankenstein was the first in a series of remakes which lasted for years, the Mummy introduced Egyptology as a theme, Make-up artist Jack Pierce was responsible for the iconic image of the monster, and others in the series. Universals horror cycle continued into the 1940s with B-movies including The Wolf Man, the once controversial Freaks, based on the short story Spurs, was made by MGM, though the studio disowned the completed film, and it remained banned, in the UK, for thirty years
7.
Rada Rassimov
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Rada Rassimov is an Italian actress of Serb origin, who has appeared in film since the early 1960s and television since 1975. Later, she went to university and took acting classes with her brother Ivan in Rome and her career was at its peak in the 1960s and 1970s although she has appeared in film as recently as 2003. Since 1975 she has worked predominantly on Italian television and her brother Ivan Rassimov, who died in a motorcycle accident in 2003, was also an actor. She has a brother, Milorad, now a retired music professor still living in Trieste. Rada Rassimov at the Internet Movie Database
8.
Kill, Baby, Kill
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Kill, Baby, Kill is a 1966 Italian horror film directed by Mario Bava and starring Giacomo Rossi-Stuart and Erika Blanc. In 1907, Dr. Paul Eswai is sent to a Carpathian village to perform an autopsy on a woman who died under mysterious circumstances in an abandoned church, there, he meets Monica Shuftan, a native of the town who has returned to visit her parents graves. Upon performing the autopsy, he finds a silver coin embedded in the womans heart. The local villagers are accustomed to medicinal practices and superstitions Dr. Eswai finds preposterous, after Nadienne, the daughter of local innkeepers, is visited by the girl, the village witch named Ruth performs a ritual to help reverse the curse. The following evening, while venturing through the village, Eswai goes to meet with a colleague, Inspector Kruger, upon arriving at large, decrepit home, she informs him that she knows of no such Kruger. Upon leaving, Eswai also encounters the young girl. Meanwhile, Monica has a nightmare about the child. She runs into Eswai in the street, and he offers to take her to the inn so she can sleep, at the inn, Eswai finds Nadienne has become increasingly ill, and gives her parents medicine to help her. In the local cemetery, Eswai finds two gravediggers burying the corpse of Inspector Kruger, who had shot in the head. Simultaneously, Nadienne is awoken by the girl at her window. When he goes to retrieve documents proving so, he is attacked by Melissa, Monica and Eswai attempt to get the villagers—who are reluctant to help them—attention by ringing the bell in the abandoned church. In the church, they find a passageway, in which Monica experiences déjà vu. Inside, they discover the Graps family tomb, which includes that of Melissa and they find a staircase leading out of the tomb, which takes them inside the Baroness Graps home, who confronts them in the hallway. The Baroness reveals that Melissa died while fetching a toy ball during a village festival. Melissa appears in the room, and Monica suddenly vanishes through a doorway, Eswai chases after her through a series of doorways before finding himself locked in a room. He loses consciousness, and awakens in Ruths home, back at the Graps manor, the Baroness reveals to Monica that she is in fact her daughter, and Melissa her sister. Melissas ghost appears, and chases Monica through the manor, down the grand staircase, Ruth arrives at the manor and confronts the Baroness. The Baroness stabs her through the chest with a fire poker, Eswai and Monica leave the manor as the sun rises in the distance
9.
Burg Kreuzenstein
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Burg Kreuzenstein is a castle near Leobendorf in Lower Austria, Austria. Burg Kreuzenstein is 265 metres above sea level and it was constructed on the remains of an early medieval castle that had fallen into disrepair and was then demolished during the Thirty Years War. Intended to be a vault for the Wilczek family, it was rebuilt in the 19th century by Count Nepomuk Wilczek with money from the familys large Silesian coal mines. Kreuzenstein is interesting in that it was constructed out of sections of medieval structures purchased by the family all over Europe to form an authentic-looking castle. Thus, the castle can be considered both a neo- and original medieval structure, the castle is sometimes used as a location for films. This castle is sometimes confused with the medieval castle Burg Liechtenstein, the castle is located just north of Vienna and the Danube on a rising above Rohrwald, directly above Leobendorf and between the towns of Korneuburg and Stockerau. The elevation is 266 m, the height above the Danube about 100 metres, close to Burg Kreuzenstein is a water gap in the Danube called Wiener Pforte, so that it allows a wide view of the current course of the river and the Korneuburger Becken upstream. Approximately opposite to Burg Kreuzenstein, on the bank of the Danube. The origins of Burg Kreuzenstein, like most castles in Lower Austria, originally built by the Counts of Formbach, the castle passed into the possession of the Counts of Wasserburg through marriage. Through Ottokar II of Bohemia, the castle came into the possession of the Habsburgs, in July 1527, the Anabaptist preacher Balthasar Hubmaier was arrested under the pretext of causing riots in Mikulov, Moravia and transferred to Burg Kreuzenstein. He was interrogated there but refused to renounce his beliefs and was burned at the stake in Vienna, in the 18th century, the castle came into the possession of the Counts of Wilczek who had amassed a large fortune through their coal mines in Silesia. In 1874, Count Johann Nepomuk Wilczek, best known as an explorer, began reconstruction of the castle. The existing ruins were incorporated into the new castle, in particular, parts of the outer wall, the practised eye can easily distinguish between the surviving medieval masonry and the 19th century additions. The reconstruction was overseen by architect Carl Gangolf Kayser until his death in 1895, at time it was taken over by Ritter Humbert Walcher of Molthein. A family vault was built under the castle and Johann Wilczek is interred there, as well as building the castle from the original masonry and on the original site, Wilczek gathered building components from all over Europe. The reconstruction work lasted for 30 years and Kaiser Wilhelm II was present at the reopening on 6 June 1906, a fire caused by a lightening strike in 1915, burned part of the archives and library wing. Today the castle is a much-loved tourist destination and museum in the countryside of Vienna. At one time, a concert known as the Burgserenade was held in the great hall of the castle
10.
Italian lira
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The lira was the currency of Italy between 1861 and 2002 and of the Albanian Kingdom between 1941 and 1943. Between 1999 and 2002, the Italian lira was officially a national subunit of the euro, however, cash payments could be made in lira only, as euro coins or notes were not yet available. The lira was also the currency of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy between 1807 and 1814, L, sometimes in a double-crossed script form, was the symbol most often used. Until the Second World War, it was subdivided into 100 centesimi, the lira was established at 4.5 grams of silver or 290.322 milligrams of gold. This was a continuation of the Sardinian lira. Other currencies replaced by the Italian lira included the Lombardy-Venetia pound, the Two Sicilies piastra, the Tuscan fiorino, the Papal States scudo and this practice has obviously ended with the introduction of the euro in 2002. World War I broke the Latin Monetary Union and resulted in prices rising severalfold in Italy, in 1927, the lira was pegged to the U. S. dollar at a rate of 1 dollar =19 lire. This rate lasted until 1934, with a separate tourist rate of US$1 =24.89 lire being established in 1936, in 1939, the official rate was 19.8 lire. After the Allied invasion of Italy, a rate was set at US$1 =120 lire in June 1943. In German occupied areas, the rate was set at 1 Reichsmark =10 lire. After the war, the value of the lira fluctuated, before Italy set a peg of US$1 =575 lire within the Bretton Woods System in November 1947, following the devaluation of the pound, Italy devalued to US$1 =625 lire on 21 September 1949. This rate was maintained until the end of the Bretton Woods System in the early 1970s, several episodes of high inflation followed until the lira was replaced by the euro. The lira was the unit of currency in Italy until January 1,1999. Old lira denominated currency ceased to be legal tender on February 28,2002, the conversion rate is 1,936.27 lire to the euro. All lira banknotes in use immediately before the introduction of the euro, originally Italys central bank pledged to redeem Italian coins and banknotes until 29 February 2012, but this was brought forward to 6 December 2011. Italys Constitutional Court has now declared the law that shortening the period of Italian Lira unlawful. Currently, studies are being conducted by the Banca dItalia and the Ministry of Economy, in 1863, silver coins below 5 lire were debased from 90% to 83. 5% and silver 20 centesimi coins were introduced. Minting switched to Rome in the 1870s, apart from the introduction in 1894 of cupro-nickel 20 centesimi coins and of nickel 25 centesimi pieces in 1902, the coinage remained essentially unaltered until the First World War
11.
American International Pictures
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It was dedicated to releasing independently produced, low-budget films packaged as double features, primarily of interest to the teenagers of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Nicholson and Arkoff formed ARC in 1954, their first release was the 1955 The Fast, nicholson and Arkoff served as executive producers while Roger Corman and Alex Gordon were the principal film producers and, sometimes, directors. Griffith wrote many of the films, along with Arkoffs brother-in-law, Lou Rusoff. Other writers included Ray Russell, Richard Matheson and Charles Beaumont, famous for his camera work on a number of exotic documentaries and the Oscar winner, High Noon, was chief cinematographer. His innovative use of color and odd lenses and angles gave AIP films a signature look. The early rubber monster suits and miniatures of Paul Blaisdell were used in AIPs science fiction films, the company also hired Les Baxter and Ronald Stein to compose many of its film scores. In the 1950s the company had a number of actors under contract, including John Ashley, Fay Spain, when many of ARC/AIPs first releases failed to earn a profit, Arkoff quizzed film exhibitors who told him of the value of the teenage market as adults were watching television. AIP stopped making Westerns with Arkoff explaining, To compete with television westerns you have to have color, big stars and $2,000,000. AIP was the first company to use focus groups, polling American teenagers about what they would like to see and using their responses to determine titles, stars, and story content. AIP would question their exhibitors what they thought of the success of a title, samuel Z. Arkoff related his tried-and-true ARKOFF formula for producing a successful low-budget movie years later, during a 1980s talk show appearance. Having recognized that other filmmakers were ignoring the lucrative teenage drive-in market, AIP focused on producing scores of low-budget and they exploited the emerging juvenile delinquent genre with movies like Daddy-O, High School Hellcats, Female Jungle, Reform School Girl, Runaway Daughters, and Girls in Prison. Movies centered on rock n roll music such as Shake, Rattle & Rock. based in rented office space at the Chaplin Studios, during the early 1960s AIP concentrated on horror films inspired by the Poe cycle. In 1962 Arkoff said AIP were in a similar to Columbia Pictures just before they made Submarine and Dirigible. Our better position will enable us to more important writers. Were a privately owned company at the moment but perhaps two or three years we will become a public company. Beginning with 1963s Beach Party, AIP created a new genre of beach party films featuring Annette Funicello, the original idea and the first script were Lou Rusoffs. The highly successful and often imitated series ended in 1966 with the 7th film, many actors from the beach films also appeared in AIPs spy-spoofs such as Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine and car racing sagas like Fireball 500 and Thunder Alley. During this time AIP also produced or distributed most of Roger Cormans horror films such as X, in 1966, the studio released The Wild Angels starring Peter Fonda, based loosely on the real-life exploits of the Hells Angels motorcycle gang
12.
Lisa and the Devil
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Lisa and the Devil is a 1973 Italian horror film directed by Mario Bava. The film was released in Spain as El diablo se lleva a los muertos and it had an ill-fated release in the US, where a heavily edited version completed with new scenes came out as The House of Exorcism with scenes directed by another filmmaker. It stars Elke Sommer, Telly Savalas, and Alida Valli, the story involves a young American tourist, who stays the night at the home of a family of Spanish aristocrats whose house is plagued by supernatural evil and dark secrets involving necrophilia. Tourist Lisa Reiner wanders away from her group in Toledo to go shopping inside a store, where she encounters a man named Leandro, who is purchasing a dummy. Due to his resemblance to the portrait of the devil in a fresco she has just seen, Lisa flees, when she fails to find back to the tour group, she takes refuge with a couple and their driver, who agree to help Lisa get to her hotel. But their car breaks down in front of a mansion where Lisa discovers that Leandro works as the butler. The couple persuade Leandro to let them stay while the driver fixes the car, Lisa attempts to flee, but the countess son Maximilian stops Lisa and agrees to let the three stay over the objections of his mother, a blind Countess. The Countess, Maximilian, Leandro, and the mustachioed man claim that Lisa is actually Elena, through a series of waking dreams, it is revealed that Elena was secretly sleeping with Carlos and that he was plotting to leave the jealous and reclusive Countess. After seeing Leandro preparing Carlos body for burial juxtaposed with Carlos being alive, Carlos attempts one last time to whisk Lisa away but Maximilian kills him. Lisa faints as Carlos body morphs into the dummy Leandro purchased in the store, the driver is promptly killed by a mysterious figure after fixing the car. Leandro offers to cover up the crime to his employers so long as they let him dispose of the body, when the husband demands his wife leave with him -- she runs over him, only to be brutally murdered by Maximilian. While Lisa is unconscious, Leandro dresses her like Elena and he gives a speech about how he is a demon that is indebted to the Countess and her son. Lisas arrival ultimately negated his inability to find a Lisa dummy to represent her in this latest incarnation, Lisa wakes up and finds the Countess, who has discovered the young wifes corpse. Lisa intends to escape, but a defeated and browbeaten Maximilian has started to believe that Lisa is just like Elena and he takes her to his secret room, where Elenas corpse and ghost are revealed to be the mystery prisoner. Maximilian drugs Lisa, strips her naked and rapes her, only to have the ghost of Elena laugh at him mid-rape and cause him to stop. Furious, he goes downstairs and confesses his crimes to his mother, Maximilian kills his mother when he realizes that she will never let him leave her or allow him to have a relationship with Lisa. After doing so, Maximilian is shocked to find all of his victims waiting for him at a table, as his mother attempts to kill him, Maximilian jumps from a window but is impaled on the metal fence below. Leandro reveals himself behind the corpses making their appearance and says that Maximilian accidentally slipped, Lisa wakes up the next morning, naked, with the mansion in ruins
13.
Roger Ebert
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Roger Joseph Ebert was an American film critic and historian, journalist, screenwriter, and author. He was a critic for the Chicago Sun-Times from 1967 until his death in 2013. In 1975, Ebert became the first film critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism, the two verbally sparred and traded humorous barbs while discussing films. They created and trademarked the phrase Two Thumbs Up, used when both hosts gave the film a positive review. After Siskel died in 1999, Ebert continued hosting the show with various co-hosts and then, starting in 2000, Ebert lived with cancer of the thyroid and salivary glands from 2002. This required treatments necessitating the removal of his jaw, which cost him the ability to speak or eat normally. His ability to write remained unimpaired, however, and he continued to publish frequently both online and in print until his death on April 4,2013. Roger Joseph Ebert was born in Urbana, Illinois, the child of Annabel, a bookkeeper, and Walter Harry Ebert. He was raised Roman Catholic, attending St. Marys elementary school and his paternal grandparents were German immigrants and his maternal ancestry was Irish and Dutch. In his senior year, he was president and editor-in-chief of his high school newspaper. In 1958, he won the Illinois High School Association state speech championship in radio speaking, regarding his early influences in film criticism, Ebert wrote in the 1998 parody collection Mad About the Movies, I learned to be a movie critic by reading Mad magazine. Mads parodies made me aware of the machine inside the skin – of the way a movie might look original on the outside, I did not read the magazine, I plundered it for clues to the universe. Pauline Kael lost it at the movies, I lost it at Mad magazine, Ebert began taking classes at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an early-entrance student, completing his high-school courses while also taking his first university class. After graduating from Urbana High School in 1960, Ebert then attended and received his degree in 1964. As an undergraduate, he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, One of the first movie reviews he ever wrote was a review of La Dolce Vita, published in The Daily Illini in October 1961. Ebert spent a semester as a student in the department of English there before attending the University of Cape Town on a Rotary fellowship for a year. He returned from Cape Town to his studies at Illinois for two more semesters and then, after being accepted as a PhD candidate at the University of Chicago. Instead Kogan referred Ebert to the city editor at the Chicago Sun-Times, Jim Hoge and he attended doctoral classes at the University of Chicago while working as a general reporter at the Sun-Times for a year
14.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
15.
Leonard Maltin
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Leonard Michael Maltin is an American film critic and historian, as well as an author of several mainstream books on cinema, focusing on nostalgic, celebratory narratives. He is known as a critic for the major studios, for writing the shortest review in the U. S. Maltin was born in New York City, son of singer Jacqueline, and Aaron Isaac Maltin and he is married to researcher and producer Alice Tlusty. He has one daughter, Jessica Bennett Maltin, born in 1986, Maltin grew up in Teaneck, New Jersey, and graduated from Teaneck High School in 1968. He described his relationship with film critic Roger Ebert as friendly. Maltin began his career at age fifteen, writing for Classic Images and editing and publishing his own fanzine, Film Fan Monthly. After earning a degree at New York University, Maltin went on to publish articles in a variety of film journals, newspapers. In the 1970s Maltin also reviewed recordings in the jazz magazine, starting May 29,1982, Maltin for 30 years was the movie reviewer on the syndicated television series Entertainment Tonight. He also appears on the Starz cable network, and hosted his own syndicated program, Leonard Maltin on Video. Maltin currently hosts a show called Secrets Out on ReelzChannel movie network. He also spearheaded the creation of the Walt Disney Treasures collectible DVD line in 2001, Maltin appeared on Pyramid twice as a celebrity player, in 1987 on the CBS $25,000 version, and in 1991 on the John Davidson version. He also appeared on Super Password as a celebrity guest in 1988, in the mid-1990s, Maltin became the president of the Los Angeles Film Critics Association and is on the Advisory Board of the Hollywood Entertainment Museum. For nearly a decade, Maltin was also on the faculty of the New School for Social Research in New York City and he currently teaches in the School of Cinematic Arts at the University of Southern California. The statement had appeared in print in Maltins annual movie guide for nearly 25 years before Maltin publicly apologized for the error, Maltin currently hosts The Maltin Minute for DirecTV customers. He also wrote the introduction for The Complete Peanuts, 1983–1984, in 1990, he took a look at the MGM years of The Three Stooges in a film called The Lost Stooges, available on a made-to-order DVD through the Warner Archive Collection. He was the host of Treasures From the Disney Vault on Turner Classic Movies and his own gigantic form was reminiscent of Ultraman with his initials on his chest. He also appeared as himself in Gremlins 2, The New Batch and this was spoofed in the Mad magazine parody of Gremlins 2. He also made an appearance on the cartoon show Freakazoid, where he voiced himself, only to be abducted by monsters
16.
Dread Central
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Dread Central is an American website founded in 2006 that is dedicated to horror news, interviews, and reviews. It covers horror films, comics, novels, and toys, Dread Central has won the Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Award for Best Website four times and was selected as AMCs Site of the Week in 2008. Dread Central was founded on July 4,2006, when a venture to create a horror-themed cable television channel stalled, the web team left and established their own news site. In 2012, a review posted by Scott Foy attracted controversy when Foy. The sites staff use horror-themed aliases, the website has a broad focus, and it covers both mainstream and fringe topics that range from horror films to comics to toys. Besides reviews and news, they also host several podcasts, Steve Persall of the Tampa Bay Times states that if it gushes blood or desecrates flesh, Dread Central covers it. The site is oriented toward a male demographic and favors edgy, after ten years, Dread Central became reader-supported via Patreon. This would make Dread Central the first genre news site to switch from being ad-supported to being crowd supported, celebrity supporters include John Carpenter, Gale Anne Hurd, Sid Haig, Adam Green and Darren Lynn Bousman. In 2007, Dread Central and VersusMedia announced Horror DOeuvres, a competition for independent short films, in 2008, the site partnered with several other prominent horror sites and studios in a horror-themed auction to raise money for the Entertainment Industry Foundation. In 2013, they partnered with Gas Lamp Museum and the San Diego Ghost Hunters to organize a ghost hunt at the William Heath Davis House, the proceeds went toward upkeep for the historic site. Also in 2013, they began offering the Box of Dread, cineMayhem, a film festival for independent genre films, was founded by Heather Wixson in association with Dread Centrals Indie Horror Month. The festival, whose date was March 2–3,2013, is presented in Thousand Oaks. The festival is backed by Scream Factory, Sideshow Collectibles, Magnet Releasing, Dread Central and Home Media Magazine present the Reaper Awards annually for the best home video releases and direct-to-video features. It is held at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel and is hosted by Steve Barton, Dread Central was chosen as AMCs Site of the Week, in 2008. It was nominated for Total Films Best Horror Blog, in 2010 and it won the Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Award for Best Website for 2009,2010,2011, and 2012
17.
Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa
18.
Urban legend
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These legends can be used for entertainment purposes, as well as for semi-serious explanations for random events such as disappearances and strange objects. Despite its name, an urban legend does not necessarily originate in an urban area, rather, the term is used to differentiate modern legend from traditional folklore of pre-industrial times. For this reason, sociologists and folklorists prefer the contemporary legend. Because people frequently allege that such tales happened to a friend of a friend, Urban legends are spread by any media, including newspapers, e-mail and social media. In America in 1938 a radio dramatization of The War of the Worlds supposedly caused mass panic, in 2005, a widespread legend claimed that a large percentage of people have a biological father who is not their assumed father. Some urban legends have passed through the years only minor changes to suit regional variations. More recent legends tend to reflect modern circumstances, like the story of people ambushed and anesthetized, who awaken minus one kidney, the term urban legend, as used by folklorists, has appeared in print since at least 1968. Jan Harold Brunvand, professor of English at the University of Utah, many urban legends are framed as complete stories with plot and characters. The compelling appeal of an urban legend is its elements of mystery, horror. Often they serve as cautionary tales, some urban legends are morality tales that depict someone, usually a child, acting in a disagreeable manner, only to wind up in trouble, hurt, or dead. As Jan Brunvand points out antecedent legends including some of the motifs, themes, the teller of an urban legend may claim it happened to a friend, which serves to personalize, authenticate and enhance the power of the narrative while distancing the teller. Many urban legends depict horrific crimes, contaminated foods, or other situations which would affect many people. Anyone believing such stories might feel compelled to warn loved ones, not seldom, news organizations, school officials and even police departments have issued warnings concerning the latest threat. A fax received at the Nassau County, Florida fire department was forwarded to police, even the Minister of Defence for Canada was taken in by the same legend, he forwarded an urgent security warning to all Ontario Members of Parliament. Many urban legends are essentially extended jokes, told as if they were true events, persistent urban legends often maintain a degree of plausibility, for instance a serial killer deliberately hiding in the back seat of a car. One such example since the 1970s has been the rumor that the Procter & Gamble Company was associated with Satan-worshippers because of details within its nineteenth-century trademark. The legend interrupted the companys business to the point that it stopped using the trademark, the coinage leads in turn to the terms FOAFlore and FOAFtale. Here the authors make a connection between urban legends and popular folklore, such as Grimms Fairy Tales where similar themes and motifs arise
19.
Borehole
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A borehole is a narrow shaft bored in the ground, either vertically or horizontally. g. in Carbon capture and storage. This includes holes advanced to collect samples, water samples or rock cores, to advance in situ sampling equipment. Samples collected from boreholes are often tested in a laboratory to determine their physical properties, typically, a borehole used as a water well is completed by installing a vertical pipe and well screen to keep the borehole from caving. This also helps prevent surface contaminants from entering the borehole and protects any installed pump from drawing in sand, oil and natural gas wells are completed in a similar, albeit usually more complex, manner. As detailed in proxy, borehole temperature measurements at a series of different depths can be inverted to help estimate historic surface temperatures. Clusters of small-diameter boreholes equipped with heat exhangers made of plastic PEX pipe can be used to heat or cold between opposing seasons in a mass of native rock. The technique is called seasonal thermal energy storage, media that can be used for this technique range from gravel to bedrock. There can be a few to several hundred boreholes, and in practice, Borehole drilling has a long history. Han Dynasty China used deep borehole drilling for mining and other projects, chinese borehole sites could reach as deep as 600 m. The practice of logging in boreholes dates to 1927, for the French Pechelbronn oil field. For many years, the world’s deepest borehole was the Kola Superdeep Borehole, from 2011 until August 2012 the record was held by the 12, 345-metre long Sakhalin-I Odoptu OP-11 Well, offshore the Russian island Sakhalin. The Chayvo Z-44 extended-reach well took the title of the worlds longest borehole on 27 August 2012, z-44s total measured depth is 12,376 m. However, ERD wells are more shallow than Kola Superdeep Borehole, drillers may sink a borehole using a drilling rig or a hand-operated rig. The machinery and techniques to advance a borehole vary considerably according to manufacturer, geological conditions, for offshore drilling floating units or platforms supported by the seafloor are used for the drilling rig. Askam Borehole in Pennsylvania Borehole thermal energy storage Deep borehole disposal Hole opener Kola Superdeep Borehole Vertical seismic profile
20.
Russia
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Russia, also officially the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. The European western part of the country is more populated and urbanised than the eastern. Russias capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a range of environments. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, the East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, in 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of states, most of the Rus lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion. The Soviet Union played a role in the Allied victory in World War II. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the worlds first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the second largest economy, largest standing military in the world. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic, the Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russias extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the producers of oil. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction, Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. The name Russia is derived from Rus, a state populated mostly by the East Slavs. However, this name became more prominent in the later history, and the country typically was called by its inhabitants Русская Земля. In order to distinguish this state from other states derived from it, it is denoted as Kievan Rus by modern historiography, an old Latin version of the name Rus was Ruthenia, mostly applied to the western and southern regions of Rus that were adjacent to Catholic Europe. The current name of the country, Россия, comes from the Byzantine Greek designation of the Kievan Rus, the standard way to refer to citizens of Russia is Russians in English and rossiyane in Russian. There are two Russian words which are translated into English as Russians
21.
Hell
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Hell, in many mythological, folklore and religious traditions, is a place of torment and punishment in an afterlife. Religions with a divine history often depict hells as eternal destinations while Religions with a cyclic history often depict a hell as an intermediary period between incarnations. Typically these traditions locate hell in another dimension or under the Earths surface, other afterlife destinations include Heaven, Purgatory, Paradise, and Limbo. Hell is sometimes portrayed as populated with demons who torment those dwelling there, many are ruled by a death god such as Nergal, Hades, Hel, Enma or Satan. Subsequently, the word was used to transfer a pagan concept to Christian theology, Some have theorized that English word hell is derived from Old Norse hel. However, this is unlikely as hel appears in Old English before the Viking invasions. Furthermore, the word has cognates in all the other Germanic languages and has a Proto-Germanic origin, Hell appears in several mythologies and religions. It is commonly inhabited by demons and the souls of dead people, a fable about hell which recurs in folklore across several cultures is the allegory of the long spoons. Hell is often depicted in art and literature, perhaps most famously in Dantes Divine Comedy, punishment in Hell typically corresponds to sins committed during life. In many religious cultures, including Christianity and Islam, Hell is often depicted as fiery, painful and harsh, despite these common depictions of Hell as a place of fire, some other traditions portray Hell as cold. Buddhist - and particularly Tibetan Buddhist - descriptions of hell feature a number of hot. Among Christian descriptions Dantes Inferno portrays the innermost circle of Hell as a lake of blood. At death a person faced judgment by a tribunal of forty-two divine judges, if they had led a life in conformance with the precepts of the Goddess Maat, who represented truth and right living, the person was welcomed into the Two Fields. If found guilty the person was thrown to a devourer and would be condemned to the lake of fire, the person taken by the devourer is subject first to terrifying punishment and then annihilated. These depictions of punishment may have influenced medieval perceptions of the inferno in hell via early Christian, purification for those considered justified appears in the descriptions of Flame Island, where humans experience the triumph over evil and rebirth. For the damned complete destruction into a state of non-being awaits but there is no suggestion of eternal torture, the weighing of the heart in Egyptian mythology can lead to annihilation. The Tale of Khaemwese describes the torment of a man, who lacked charity. Divine pardon at judgement always remained a concern for the Ancient Egyptians
22.
Siberia
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Siberia is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia. Siberia has historically been a part of Russia since the 17th century, the territory of Siberia extends eastwards from the Ural Mountains to the watershed between the Pacific and Arctic drainage basins. It stretches southwards from the Arctic Ocean to the hills of north-central Kazakhstan and to the borders of Mongolia. With an area of 13.1 million square kilometres, Siberia accounts for 77% of Russias land area and this is equivalent to an average population density of about 3 inhabitants per square kilometre, making Siberia one of the most sparsely populated regions on Earth. If it were a country by itself, it would still be the largest country in area, the origin of the name is unknown. Some sources say that Siberia originates from the Siberian Tatar word for sleeping land, another account sees the name as the ancient tribal ethnonym of the Sirtya, a folk, which spoke a language that later evolved into the Ugric languages. This ethnic group was assimilated to the Siberian Tatar people. The modern usage of the name was recorded in the Russian language after the Empires conquest of the Siberian Khanate, a further variant claims that the region was named after the Xibe people. The Polish historian Chycliczkowski has proposed that the name derives from the word for north. He said that the neighbouring Chinese, Arabs and Mongolians would not have known Russian and he suggests that the name is a combination of two words, su and bir. The region is of significance, as it contains bodies of prehistoric animals from the Pleistocene Epoch. Specimens of Goldfuss cave lion cubs, Yuka and another woolly mammoth from Oymyakon, a rhinoceros from the Kolyma River. The Siberian Traps were formed by one of the largest known volcanic events of the last 500 million years of Earths geological history. They continued for a million years and are considered a cause of the Great Dying about 250 million years ago. At least three species of human lived in Southern Siberia around 40,000 years ago, H. sapiens, H. neanderthalensis, the last was determined in 2010, by DNA evidence, to be a new species. Siberia was inhabited by different groups of such as the Enets, the Nenets, the Huns, the Scythians. The Khan of Sibir in the vicinity of modern Tobolsk was known as a prominent figure who endorsed Kubrat as Khagan of Old Great Bulgaria in 630, the Mongols conquered a large part of this area early in the 13th century. With the breakup of the Golden Horde, the autonomous Khanate of Sibir was established in the late 15th century, turkic-speaking Yakut migrated north from the Lake Baikal region under pressure from the Mongol tribes during the 13th to 15th century
23.
Brian Dunning (author)
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Brian Andrew Dunning is an American writer and producer who focuses on skepticism. He has hosted a weekly podcast, Skeptoid, since 2006 and is an author of five books on the subject of scientific skepticism, the Skeptoid podcast has been the recipient of several podcast awards including the Parsec Award and Stitcher award. Skeptoid currently attracts 161,000 listeners weekly, Dunning has also created a spin-off video series and has written several books based on the podcast. Dunning co-founded Buylink, a service provider, in 1996. He later became eBays second biggest affiliate marketer, he has since been convicted of fraud through a cookie stuffing scheme. In August 2014, he was sentenced to 15 months in prison, in 1996 Dunning co-founded and was chief technology officer for Buylink Corporation. Buylink received venture funding from Hummer Winblad Venture Partners. In 2000 he participated in a presentation on Buylink at The Berkeley Entrepreneurs Forum called Bricks to Clicks in the New Internet Reality and he discussed the company on CNNfns Market Call, in Rhonda Schafflers Maverick of the Morning segment. In 2002, Dunning left his position as CTO of BuyLink and he is also the author of the book of the same title and a sequel. He was also winner of the 2010 Parsec Award for Best Fact Behind the Fiction Podcast, in August 2010 he received an award recognizing his contributions in the skeptical field from the Independent Investigations Group during its 10th Anniversary Gala. Dunning also wrote articles for Skepticblog. org, and was a producer for the unreleased network television pilot The Skeptologists. In August 2008, eBay filed suit against Dunning, accusing him of defrauding eBay and eBay affiliates in a cookie stuffing scheme for his company, Kesslers Flying Circus. In June 2010, based on the allegations and following an investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. On April 15,2013, in the San Jose, California, U. S. District Court, as part of a plea agreement, Dunning pleaded guilty to wire fraud. Dunning admitted that he received payments to which he was not entitled, commenting I fully accept this determination, the show follows an audio essay format, and is dedicated to the critical examination of pseudoscience and the paranormal. In May 2012, Skeptoid became a California state non-profit corporation, in May 2014, Skeptoid’s website reported that the podcast had a weekly average of 161,000 downloads. Each roughly ten-minute Skeptoid episode focuses on a pop culture phenomenon that is pseudoscientific in nature. It is the story of a girl who challenged the Queen
24.
McFarland & Company
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McFarland & Company, Inc. is an independent book publisher of primarily academic and adult nonfiction based in Jefferson, North Carolina. Its president and editor-in-chief is Robert Franklin, who founded the company in 1979, McFarland employs a staff of about 50, and as of 2017 had published approximately 5,100 titles. For much of its history, McFarland has focused on print runs. McFarland & Company mainly focuses on selling to libraries, the publisher utilizes direct mailing to connect with enthusiasts in niche categories. The company is known for its sports literature, especially history, as well as books about chess. According to the Mountain Times, McFarland publishes about 275 scholarly monograph, the following academic journals are published by McFarland & Company. Base Ball, A Journal of the Early Game Black Ball, A Journal of the Negro Leagues Clues, A Journal of Detection Journal of Information Ethics North Korean Review Official website
25.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
26.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
27.
I Vampiri
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I Vampiri is a 1957 Italian horror film. The film was directed by Riccardo Freda and completed by the films cinematographer and it stars Gianna Maria Canale, Carlo DAngelo and Dario Michaelis. The film is about a series of murders on young women who are found all their blood drained. The newspapers describes the killer as the Vampire and young journalist Pierre Lantin researches the crimes, Lantin investigates the mysterious Du Grand family who lives in a castle occupied by Gisele Du Grand who is in love with Lantin. She lives with her aunt who hides her face in a veil as well as the scientist Julian Du Grand who is trying to find the secret to eternal youth. Freda made a deal with producers at the Italian film studio Titanus to create a low budget film by writing a story in one day. The producers agreed and Freda began filming, on the films release in 1957, it became Italys first horror film of the sound era. It was not successful in Italy, which Freda interpreted as an audience not interested in films made by Italians. The film was released theatrically as The Devils Commandment and Lust of the Vampire in the United States, English critics predominantly discuss the film in terms of its cinematography and place in film history. In 1957 Paris, a series of mysterious killings are committed against young women of the blood type who are found dead. These killings are reported in the press as being performed by a murderer coined The Vampire, the journalist Pierre Lantin begins to investigate, and becomes more involved when his fiancee, the dancer Nora Duval is kidnapped. As Inspector Chantal examines the scene, Lantin arrives predicting that the crime was committed by The Vampire. Lantin investigates the school that the latest murder happened at to search for clues, elsewhere, a man named Joseph begs for his fix in a dark room is told to go after a woman named Lorette and that he know what to do at Rue Saint Etienne. Joseph arrives at the location and is spotted by Lantin but manages to get away from him, Joseph arrives at the clinic of Professor Julian Du Grand and demands money to leave town or he will report whats happening to the police. He is strangled by Du Grands assistant when a woman named Marguerite arrives and states that if the police track them down. A newspaper headline reveals that Professor Julian Du Grand has died unexpectedly. After a funeral procession for Julian, a group of men arrive, josephs corpse is taken to a castle where he is experimented on by Julian who is attempting discover the secret for eternal life. Later, Lorette meets a man in the street who asks her to drop off a letter
28.
The Giant of Marathon
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La battaglia di Maratona is a 1959 Italian/French international co-production sword and sandal film, loosely based on the Battle of Marathon. It was directed by Jacques Tourneur and Mario Bava and it starred Steve Reeves as Phillipides. The story is set in 490 BC, the time of the Medic Wars, athenian supporters of Hippias conspire, hoping to sideline Phillippides with a marriage to Theocrites expensive servant Charis, and thus neutralize the guard. She fails to seduce him, as his heart is taken by a young girl before he learns her name is Andromeda. Phillippides makes the journey and survives an attempt on his life by conspirators, Charis, left for dead after overhearing Dariuss orders, reaches the camp to tell that the Persian fleet, now commanded by the traitor Theocrites, is heading for the Piraeus to take Athens. Miltiades sends Phillippides ahead to hold out with the Sacred Guard until his victorious troops arrive. The movie was successful at the box office, according to MGM records the film earned $1,335,000 in the US and Canada. Cinema Italiano - The Complete Guide from Classics to Cult
29.
Black Sunday (1960 film)
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The film stars Barbara Steele, John Richardson, Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani. It was Bavas directorial debut, although he had completed several previous films without credit. Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogols short story Viy, the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother, only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants. By the social standards of the 1960s, Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome, despite the censorship, Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success, and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele. In 2004, one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the 100 Scariest Movie Moments by the Bravo TV network, in Moldavia, in the year 1630, beautiful witch Asa Vajda and her paramour Javuto are sentenced to death for sorcery by Asas brother. Before being burned at the stake, Asa vows revenge and puts a curse on her brothers descendants, a metal mask with sharp spikes on the inside is placed over the witchs face and hammered into her flesh. While waiting for their coachman to fix it, the two wander into an ancient crypt and discover Asas tomb. Observing her death mask through a panel, Kruvajan breaks the panel by accident while striking a bat. He then removes Asas death mask revealing a partially preserved corpse that is visible underneath and he cuts his hand on the broken glass. Some of his blood drips onto Asas dead face, returning outside, Kruvajan and Gorobec meet Katia. She tells them that she lives with her father, Prince Vajda, Gorobec is instantly smitten by the beautiful young woman. The two men leave her and drive to an inn. The witch Asa is brought back to life by Kruvajans blood and she contacts Javuto telepathically and orders him to rise from his grave. He does so and goes to Prince Vajdas castle, where Vajda holds up a crucifix to ward the reanimated corpse away, however, Vajda is so terrified by the visit that he becomes paralyzed with fear. Katia and Constantin send a servant to fetch Dr. Kruvajan and it is the evil Javuto who arrives to bring Kruvajan to the castle. Javuto leads Kruvajan to Asas crypt, and Kruvajan watches in horror as her coffin explodes, from its ruins, the witch hypnotizes Kruvajan and says she needs a few more drops of his blood, offering him eternal life in return. Asa then kisses him, turning him into her servant, by Asas command, Kruvajan enters Vajdas room and murders him. Asas plan is to drain Katia of her life, believing that this act will grant her immortality, a little girl who had seen Javuto meet Kruvajan at the inn describes the dead man to Gorobec
30.
Esther and the King
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Ester e il re is a 1960 Italian / American international co-production religious epic film directed, written, and produced by Raoul Walsh. It was made in Cinemascope and DeLuxe Color, and produced at 20th Century Fox/ Raoul Walsh Productions, based on the Old Testament, this epic recreates the Book of Esther, the tale that is the basis for the Jewish celebration of Purim. The film is set in Persia in the 5th century BC, after the King’s wife is murdered, Esther comes to the attention of the recently widowed King Ahasuerus. The king has been trying to stifle and defeat the campaign of hatred against the Jews by his evil minister Haman, before the King can pair off with Esther and defeat the villainous Haman, there are several intervening adventures and an additional, attractive woman who competes for attention. Cinema Italiano - The Complete Guide From Classics To Cult
31.
Hercules in the Haunted World
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Hercules in the Haunted World is a 1961 Italian sword-and-sandal film directed by Mario Bava. British bodybuilder Reg Park incorporates Hercules while British actor Christopher Lee performs as Hercules nemesis Lico, shooting at Cinecittà director Mario Bava used some of the same sets from his earlier Hercules and the Conquest of Atlantis which had already starred Reg Park. Upon his return to Italy from his adventures, the great warrior Hercules learns that his lover. According to the oracle Medea, Daianaras only hope is the Stone of Forgetfulness which lies deep in the realm of Hades, Lico is in fact in league with the dark forces of the underworld, and it is up to Hercules to stop him. The climax has Hercules smashing Lico with a giant boulder and throwing similarly large rocks at an army of zombies, Christopher Lees more familiar deep, smoothly menacing voice was dubbed by another actor for the English-language version of the film. In a contemporary review, The Globe & Mail referred to the film as a particularly awful Italian movie, specifying Reg Parks acting and the film plays havoc with the mythology. Allmovie wrote Hercules in the Haunted World is about as good a film as could be made on a budget in the mythic hero subgenre of action films. In his book Italian Horror Film Directors, Louis Paul described the film as a combination of the athletic muscleman peplum revival. The film started a subgenre of films trying to combine the peplum genre with horror elements. Films considered belonging to this subgenre include Riccardo Fredas The Witchs Curse and Sergio Corbuccis, the Opera Theater Oregon commissioned composer Patrick Morganelli to write a companion piece to the film, Hercules vs. Vampires, which premiered in Portland in 2010. In April 2015 the work was staged by the Los Angeles Opera, cinema Italiano - The Complete Guide From Classics To Cult. Hercules in the Haunted World at the Internet Movie Database Hercules in the Haunted World at AllMovie
32.
Erik the Conqueror
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They finally meet after almost 20 years, as rivals on opposite sides of an English–Viking war. It is a remake of the American film The Vikings. In 786 AD, three large Viking ships land in England, King Harald, the only Viking chieftain interested in maintaining peace, makes a plea to King Loter. The English king sends Sir Rutford to work out a deal with the Vikings, Rutford stages a surprise attack on the Vikings. King Harald is felled by an arrow fired by Rutfords chief assassin, during the battle, Harolds two young sons, Erik and Eron, are whisked away by one of his chiefs. Eron is rescued but Erik is left behind in the chaos, later, King Loter arrives on the scene, where he threatens to strip Rutford of his title. Rutford retaliates by having his assassin kill Loter with an arrow, loters wife, Queen Alice, wanders away. She finds Erik hiding on the beach, the queen decides to raise Erik as her own son. 20 years later, the Vikings once again wage war against England, the adult Eron, has fallen in love with a vestal virgin named Daya, the identical twin sister of the vestal Rama. They hide their love out of fear of being executed, Eron tells Daya that a king is permitted to marry a vestal. Viking leader King Olaf makes a pact with the kingdoms of Iceland, Norway, due to his age, Olaf appoints a younger to lead the attack. Olaf chooses Eron but his choice is contested by Garian, Garian wishes to be elected leader, and a vote by 100 warriors is taken. Olaf declares that they will have to fight to the death, Eron is victorious but refuses to kill his opponent, asking Garian to serve as his right-hand man. In England, the adult Erik is appointed Duke of Helford and leader of the English sea forces, Rutford plants an agent on board to set fire to Eriks ship while at sea. The Viking and English fleets meet in the North Sea and a sea battle begins, Vikings board Eriks flagship just as the agent sets fire to it. In the battle, Erik and Eron meet and engage in a sword fight, Erik jumps overboard and later washes ashore in Viking land. Rama points Erik in the direction of a fishing village. Back in England, Sir Rutford proposes marriage to the queen, Eron then appoints Rutford as Regent and takes Queen Alice as a hostage back to Viking land
33.
The Girl Who Knew Too Much (1963 film)
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The Girl Who Knew Too Much is a 1963 Italian giallo film. Directed by Italian filmmaker Mario Bava, the film stars John Saxon as Dr. Marcello Bassi, the plot revolves around a young woman named Nora, who travels to Rome and witnesses a murder. The police and Dr. Bassi dont believe her since a corpse cant be found, several more murders follow, tied to a decade-long string of killings of victims chosen in alphabetical order. The Girl Who Knew Too Much is considered to be the first giallo film, the film was re-cut on its American release by American International Pictures where it received a new score by Les Baxter, some added comic elements, and the new title Evil Eye. On vacation, Nora Davis arrives by plane in Rome to visit her ailing aunt. Noras aunt is being treated by Dr. Marcello Bassi, Noras aunt passes away on the first night of Noras visit and she walks to the nearby hospital to notify Dr. Bassi. On the way, she is mugged and knocked out in Piazza di Spagna, when she wakes up, she sees the body of a dead woman lying on the ground near her, a bearded man pulls a knife out of the womans back. Nora reports this to the police in the hospital, who dont believe her when they find no evidence, later, at a cemetery, Nora meets a close friend of her aunts, Laura Torrani, who lives in the Piazza di Spagna. Laura plans to soon and allows Nora to stay in her house for the remaining time of the vacation. The killer has already murdered victims whose last names begin with A, B, Nora also finds that the last victim is Lauras sister, whom Nora had seen in a vision. According to the reports in the paper, this took place ten years ago. Nora then receives a call, in which an anonymous voice tells her that D is for death. Nora receives help from Dr. Marcello, who takes her on a trip to various Roman tourist sites to calm her down as they become romantically interested in each other. When they return to the Craven house, she receives a call from a person who orders her to go to a particular address, Nora goes there, and she is guided to a vacant room. With Dr. Marcello, she discovers that the voice that guided her to spot is tape recorded. Nora and Marcello discover that the room is leased to Landini, after several unsuccessful attempts to locate Landini, Nora and Marcello go to the beach to relax. Upon their return to the Craven house, they find Landini, investigative reporter Landini has secretly been following them since he spotted Nora in the square. The reporter wrote about the story when it first broke
34.
Black Sabbath (film)
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Black Sabbath is a 1963 horror film directed by Mario Bava. The film is centered on three separate tales that have an introduction and conclusion from Boris Karloff, the film stars an international cast in three short stories. The first, titled The Telephone, involves Suzy who continually receives threatening calls from an unseen stalker. The second is The Wurdulak, where a man named Gorca returns to his family claiming to have slain a Wurdulak. Black Sabbath follows the 1960s trend of Italian film productions, being a low budget horror film with an international cast. The film is credited to various authors but is based on several uncredited sources. Several changes were made to the script even after the film had gone into production, American International Pictures suggested changes to Mario Bava during filming to make the film acceptable for the American target audience. The company created their own English language dub of the film that removed scenes involving violence and this version greatly changed the plot of The Telephone, giving it a supernatural story element and removing any reference to lesbianism or prostitution. A follow-up to Black Sabbath titled Scarlet Friday was originally going to be directed by Bava, plans for a remake were announced in 2004 with Jonathan Hensleigh attached to write the script. Black Sabbath has received reviews from critics. In the early 2010s, Time Out magazine conducted a poll with several authors, directors, actors, Black Sabbath placed at number 73. Note, This plot summary refers to the original Italian version of the film Rosy and she receives a series of strange phone calls. The caller eventually identifies himself as Frank, her pimp who has recently escaped from prison. Rosy is terrified, it was her testimony that sent Frank to prison, the women have been estranged, but Rosy is certain that only Mary can help her. Mary agrees to come over that night, seconds later, Frank calls again, promising that no matter what Rosy does he will have his revenge. Rosy doesnt realize that Mary is impersonating Frank on the telephone, Mary arrives at Rosys apartment and attempts to calm Rosys nerves. Mary provides Rosy with a knife for protection before she goes to sleep. As Rosy sleeps, Mary writes a confession explaining that she made the calls to force a reunion, while she is writing, an intruder enters the apartment
35.
The Whip and the Body
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The Whip and the Body is a 1963 Italian-French gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava. The film is about Kurt Menliff who is ostracized by his father for his relationship with a servant girl and he later returns, but falls madly in love with his brothers wife Nevenka. Menliff is later murdered, but the locals believe his ghost has returned to haunt the castle for revenge. Italian censors removed the film from cinemas due to its sadomasochistic themes, the international cut features some significant changes, and runs for 77 minutes. It was released theatrically as What and Night is the Phantom in the United States and United Kingdom, an isolated castle on the Eastern European coast. Kurt, the son of Count Menliff, was in marriage preparations with Nevenka. However, Kurt had an affair with Tania, the daughter of Menliffs servant Giorgia, Count Menliff rejected Kurt and he left the castle. Meanwhile, Nevenka married Cristiano, Kurts younger brother, one day, Kurt arrives at the castle, superficially to celebrate Cristiano and Nevenka but in fact he is to reclaim his title and fortune, which supposedly also includes Nevenka. During an evening on the beach and following a session of flogging and sex, frustrated, she does not return to the castle and is eventually found unconscious by the butler Losat. On the same night, Kurt is killed under curious circumstances, now, Kurt is dead but a series of events hints that his ghost has started to haunt the castle for revenge. Ernesto Gastaldi has stated that he had written the script himself with Ugo Guerra possibly contributing to some of the early one while Luciano Martino had no contribution to the script. Gastaldi was shown an Italian print of The Pit and the Pendulum by the producers who requested a similar film to be made, Gastaldi is credited as an assistant director in the films credits, but has stated he was never even on the set of the film. Mario Bava was brought in to direct the film through Ugo Guerras suggestion as he could direct the film and photograph the film. Bava took care of the cinematography for the film while his regular camera man Ubaldo Terzano is credited as the cinematographer, the film was shot for under ₤159 million Italian lire for six week shooting schedule with one more week for special effects. The film was shot in both Anzio and Castel SantAngelo in Rome, the films sadomasochistic theme caused trouble with censors in Italy. The board of censors demanded no cuts to the film, and this was appealed by the production companies for the film who cut parts of the film on their own and later earned a V. M.14 rating. The Whip and the Body was released in Italy on 29 August 1963 through Titanus, the film was seized on 12 October 1963, with charges of obscenity. The film was declared that it contained several sequences that refer to degenerations, the film was then later re-released in January 1964
36.
Blood and Black Lace
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Blood and Black Lace is a 1964 Italian horror thriller film directed by Mario Bava. Bava co-wrote the screenplay with Giuseppe Barilla and Marcello Fondato, the film stars Cameron Mitchell and Eva Bartok. The story concerns the stalking and brutal murders of various scantily-clad fashion models, the film is generally considered one of the earliest and most influential of all giallo films and served as a stylistic template for the body count slasher films of the 1980s. Tim Lucas has noted that the film has gone on to inspire legions of contemporary filmmakers, in 2004, one of its sequences was voted No.85 in The 100 Scariest Movie Moments by the Bravo TV network. Police Inspector Sylvester is assigned to investigate the murder and he interviews Max Marian, the manager who co-manages the salon with his lover and it is revealed that Isabella had kept a diary detailing these vices, and suddenly almost every employee becomes nervous. Nicole finds the diary, and she promises to provide it to the police and that night, Nicole drives to an antique store owned by her paramour, Frank. He is not there, and while inside she suddenly finds herself stalked by a black clad figure and she gets to the front entrance door but is grabbed from behind by the masked individual, who raises and slams a spiked glove into her face, killing her instantly. The murderer searches the corpse and her purse for the diary, when it becomes clear that she did not have it, the killer runs out of the shop. The murderer next visits Peggys apartment, the killer gains entrance simply by knocking on the front door, and when Peggy opens it, the masked figure abruptly walks inside. The assailant slaps and hits her repeatedly, and she explains that she no longer has the diary and had in fact burned it in the fireplace. When her attacker checks the fireplace to see if she told the truth, enraged, the murderer hits her over and over again in the face until she is knocked unconscious. The assailant then carries her away just as the police arrive, Peggy is taken to another location and tied to a chair. The killer tortures her, demanding to know where the diary is, the woman reaches up and knocks off the mask. The shocked girl recognizes her assailant, who proceeds to kill her brutally by slowly pressing her face against the surface of a burning furnace. Inspector Sylvester is convinced that the murderer is one of the men employed at the fashion house, however, while the suspects are in custody, Greta discovers Peggys corpse hidden in the trunk of her car, and is then attacked and smothered to death by the killer. After discovering the bodies of the latest victims, Sylvester releases all of the men, Max visits Cristina and reminds her about how he had assisted in the murder of her husband. Isabella had found out that Max had been involved in the crime, when she started asking for more and more money, Max murdered her. It was only later that Max and Cristina realized she had been keeping a diary that revealed everything, while attempting to retrieve the diary, Max had also killed Nicole and Peggy
37.
Planet of the Vampires
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Planet of the Vampires is a 1965 Italian/Spanish science fiction horror film, produced by Fulvio Lucisano, directed by Mario Bava, that stars Barry Sullivan and Norma Bengell. American International Pictures released the film as the feature on a double bill with Daniel Hallers Die, Monster. The story follows the experiences of the crew members of two giant spaceships that have crash landed on a forbidding, unexplored planet. The disembodied inhabitants of the world possess the bodies of the crew who died during the crash, the film was co-produced by AIP and Italian International Film, with some financing provided by Spains Castilla Cooperativa Cinematográfica. Ib Melchior and Louis M. Heyward are credited with the script for the AIP English-language release version, years after its release, some critics have suggested that Bavas film was a major influence on Ridley Scotts Alien and Prometheus, in both narrative details and visual design. Two huge interplanetary ships on an expedition into deep uncharted space receive a distress signal emanating from Aura, both ships, the Galliott and the Argos, attempt to land on the surface of the fog-encased world. While entering the atmosphere, the crew of the Argos becomes possessed by an unknown force. Only Captain Markary has the will to resist, and is able to all of the others aboard his ship out of their hypnotic. After the Argos lands on the surface, the crew disembarks, thick, pulsating mists, lit by ever-shifting eerie colors, saturate the terrain. When they finally arrive at the ship, they find that the crew members have killed each other. Markarys younger brother, Toby, is among the dead and they proceed to bury as many of the corpses as they can, but several bodies are locked inside the ships bridge. Markary departs to get tools for opening the room. Some of the Argos crew are found dead, Tiona sees their corpses walking in the ship, and becomes paralyzed with fear. Markary advises the survivors that they must escape from Aura, unfortunately, the Argos incurred serious damage during the landing, and repairs will take time. During the waiting period that ensues, several more killings occur, in a private tape recording, Markary admits that he suspects none of them will survive. While exploring Aura, Wes discovers the ruins of a spaceship a few miles from the Argos. Inside the ship, they discover large skeletal remains of the dead crew. Markary and Sanya are temporarily trapped inside the ship, but manage to escape, two crew members of the Galliott, Kier and Sallis, arrive at the Argos to steal the ships Meteor Rejector device
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