1.
Mario Bava
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Mario Bava was an Italian director, screenwriter, special effects artist, and cinematographer from the golden age of Italian horror films. His work kick-started the giallo genre and the modern slasher film. His son Lamberto Bava later went on to become a horror film director in his own right. Mario Bava was born in San Remo, Liguria on 31 July 1914 and he was the son of Eugenio Bava, a sculptor who also worked as a special effects photographer and cameraman in the Italian silent movie industry. Mario Bavas first ambition was to become a painter, unable to turn out paintings at a profitable rate, he went into his fathers business, working as an assistant to other Italian cinematographers like Massimo Terzano. He also helped his father at the effects department at Benito Mussolinis film factory. Bava became a cinematographer in his own right in 1939, shooting two films with Roberto Rossellini. He made his debut in the early 1940s. Bavas camerawork was a factor in developing the screen personas of such stars of the period as Gina Lollobrigida, Steve Reeves. Bava completed filming I vampiri for director Riccardo Freda in 1956, Bava co-directed The Day the Sky Exploded in 1958, the first Italian science fiction film, predating even the sci-fi films of Antonio Margheriti. Because he had no earlier credited experience as a director, the film was credited solely to Paolo Heusch, in 1960, Bava directed the gothic horror classic Black Sunday, his first solo directorial effort, which made a genre star out of Barbara Steele. His use of light and dark in black-and-white films is widely acclaimed along with his use of color in films such as Black Sabbath, Kill. Blood and Black Lace and The Whip and the Body and his work has proved very influential. Bava directed what is now regarded as the earliest of the Italian giallo films, The Girl Who Knew Too Much and Blood and his 1965 sci-fi/ horror film Planet of the Vampires was a thematic precursor to Alien. Although comic books had served as the basis for countless serials and childrens films in Hollywood, Bavas Danger, many elements of his 1966 film Kill, Baby. Regarded by Martin Scorsese as Bavas masterpiece, also appear in the Asian strain of terror film known as J-horror, 1971s A Bay of Blood is considered one of the earliest slasher films, and was explicitly imitated in Friday the 13th Part 2. Mario Bava was very disappointed with the distribution of some of his later films. His Lisa and the Devil was never picked up by a distributor, in 1977, Bava directed his last horror film, Shock, which was co-directed with his son Lamberto Bava who did the work uncredited
2.
Joseph Cotten
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Joseph Cheshire Cotten, Jr. was an American film, stage, radio and television actor. Cotten achieved prominence on Broadway, starring in the stage productions of The Philadelphia Story. He first gained fame in the Orson Welles film Citizen Kane, The Magnificent Ambersons. He went on to one of the leading Hollywood actors of the 1940s, appearing in films such as Shadow of a Doubt, Love Letters, Duel in the Sun, Portrait of Jennie, The Third Man. One of his films was Michael Ciminos Heavens Gate. Joseph Cotten was born in 1905 in Petersburg, Virginia, the first of three born to Joseph Cheshire Cotten, Sr. an assistant postmaster, and Sally Willson Cotten. He grew up in the Tidewater region and showed an aptitude for drama, in 1923, when Cotten was 18, his family arranged for him to receive private lessons at the Hickman School of Expression in Washington, D. C. and underwrote his expenses. He earned spending money playing professional football on Sundays, for $25 a quarter, after graduation, he earned enough money as a lifeguard at Wilcox Lake to pay back his familys loan, with interest. He worked as an agent, and his work as a theatre critic inspired him to become involved in theatre productions, first in Virginia. Cotten made his Broadway debut in 1930, in 1934 Cotten met and became friends with Orson Welles, a fellow cast member on CBS Radios The American School of the Air. Welles regarded Cotten as a brilliant comic actor, and gave him the role in his Federal Theatre Project farce. Cotten was sure that Horse Eats Hat won him the notice of his future Broadway costar, Cotten made his film debut in the Welles-directed short, Too Much Johnson, a comedy that was intended to complement the aborted 1938 Mercury stage production of William Gillettes 1890 play. The film was never screened in public and was lost until 2013, Cotten returned to Broadway in 1939, creating the role of C. K. Dexter Haven opposite Katharine Hepburns Tracy Lord in the original production of Philip Barrys The Philadelphia Story. The play ran for a year at the Shubert Theatre, Hayward suggested that they call Cottens good pal, Orson Welles. Hes been making big waves out here, Hayward said, maybe nobody in Hollywood ever heard of the Shubert Theatre in New York, but everybody certainly knows about the Mercury Theatre in New York. After the success of Welless War of the Worlds 1938 Halloween radio broadcast, the two-picture deal promised full creative control for the young director below an agreed budget limit, and Welless intention was to feature the Mercury Players in his productions. Shooting had still not begun on a Welles film after a year, in mid-1940 filming began on Citizen Kane, portraying the life of a press magnate who starts out as an idealist but eventually turns into a corrupt, lonely old man. The film featured Cotten prominently in the role of Kanes best friend Jedediah Leland, nominated for nine Academy Awards in 1942, the film won only for Best Screenplay, for Mankiewicz and Welles
3.
Elke Sommer
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Elke Sommer, born Elke Baronesse von Schletz, is a German actress, entertainer and artist who starred in many Hollywood films. Sommer was born in Berlin to a Lutheran minister and his wife, after the Second World War, the family was evacuated to Erlangen, a small university town in Bavaria, where she attended the prestigious Gymnasium in Erlangen. However, her fathers death when she was 14 precluded further formal education and she was spotted by film director Vittorio De Sica while on holiday in Italy, and started appearing in films there in the late 1950s. She quickly became a sex symbol and moved to Hollywood in the early 1960s. She also became one of the most popular girls of the time. With Bob Hope, the Bulldog Drummond extravaganza Deadlier Than the Male and The Wrecking Crew with Dean Martin, Sommer was the leading lady in each of these films. In 1964, she won a Golden Globe award as Most Promising Newcomer Actress for The Prize, Sommers films during the 1970s included the thriller Zeppelin, in which she co-starred with Michael York, and a remake of Agatha Christies oft-filmed murder mystery, Ten Little Indians. In 1972, she starred in two Italian horror films directed by Mario Bava, Baron Blood and Lisa and the Devil, the latter was subsequently re-edited to make a different film called House of Exorcism. Sommer went back to Italy to star in additional scenes that were inserted into the film by its producer, in 1975, Peter Rogers cast her in the British comedy Carry On Behind as the Russian Professor Vrooshka. She became the Carry Ons highest paid performer, at £30,000, Most of her movie work during the decade came in European films. After the 1979 comedy The Prisoner of Zenda, which reunited her with Sellers, Sommer also performed as a singer, making several albums. She provided the voice for Yzma in the German release of The Emperors New Groove, since the 1990s, she has concentrated more on painting than on acting. As an actress, she worked in half a dozen countries learning the languages and her artwork shows a strong Marc Chagall influence. Sommer had a feud with Zsa Zsa Gabor that began in 1984 when both appeared on Circus of the Stars and escalated into a multimillion-dollar libel suit by 1993. In 2001, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California and she now lives in Los Angeles, California. In 1964, she married Hollywood columnist Joe Hyams, who was 17 years older, Sommer suffered her first miscarriage while working on the set of The Money Trap, in which she co-starred with Glenn Ford and Rita Hayworth. A second miscarriage followed exactly one year later during the filming of Boy, Did I Get A Wrong Number, in 1973, Sommer and Hyams tried again to start a family. While working on the set of Die Reise nach Wien she suffered her third miscarriage, and her marriage was on the rocks
4.
Massimo Girotti
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Massimo Girotti was an Italian film actor whose career spanned seven decades. Born in Mogliano, in the province of Macerata, Girotti developed his athletic physique by swimming and playing polo, the film marked, in a sense, the birth of Italian neo-realism. Some of his notable films include Caccia tragica by Giuseppe De Santis. In 1950, he starred opposite Lucia Bosé in Michelangelo Antonionis first full-length feature, Cronaca di un amore. In 1953, he played Spartacus in an Italian epic film known in the US as Sins of Rome and then, returned to again for Visconti, in Senso. Two years later, Pasolini cast him as Creonte opposite Maria Callas in his Medea, in 1972, he was in Bernardo Bertoluccis Last Tango in Paris. That same year he made a appearance in a horror film when he agreed to a supporting role in Baron Blood as a favor to its director Mario Bava. He continued to act in roles for the next thirty years. Some of the films he appeared in have been notable, including Joseph Loseys Monsieur Klein with Alain Delon and Jeanne Moreau and he died in Rome of a heart attack after having just completed his last film, Ferzan Özpeteks La Finestra di fronte
5.
Rada Rassimov
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Rada Rassimov is an Italian actress of Serb origin, who has appeared in film since the early 1960s and television since 1975. Later, she went to university and took acting classes with her brother Ivan in Rome and her career was at its peak in the 1960s and 1970s although she has appeared in film as recently as 2003. Since 1975 she has worked predominantly on Italian television and her brother Ivan Rassimov, who died in a motorcycle accident in 2003, was also an actor. She has a brother, Milorad, now a retired music professor still living in Trieste. Rada Rassimov at the Internet Movie Database
6.
Italian language
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By most measures, Italian, together with Sardinian, is the closest to Latin of the Romance languages. Italian is a language in Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City. Italian is spoken by minorities in places such as France, Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Crimea and Tunisia and by large expatriate communities in the Americas. Many speakers are native bilinguals of both standardized Italian and other regional languages, Italian is the fourth most studied language in the world. Italian is a major European language, being one of the languages of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe. It is the third most widely spoken first language in the European Union with 65 million native speakers, including Italian speakers in non-EU European countries and on other continents, the total number of speakers is around 85 million. Italian is the working language of the Holy See, serving as the lingua franca in the Roman Catholic hierarchy as well as the official language of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Italian is known as the language of music because of its use in musical terminology and its influence is also widespread in the arts and in the luxury goods market. Italian has been reported as the fourth or fifth most frequently taught foreign language in the world, Italian was adopted by the state after the Unification of Italy, having previously been a literary language based on Tuscan as spoken mostly by the upper class of Florentine society. Its development was influenced by other Italian languages and to some minor extent. Its vowels are the second-closest to Latin after Sardinian, unlike most other Romance languages, Italian retains Latins contrast between short and long consonants. As in most Romance languages, stress is distinctive, however, Italian as a language used in Italy and some surrounding regions has a longer history. What would come to be thought of as Italian was first formalized in the early 14th century through the works of Tuscan writer Dante Alighieri, written in his native Florentine. Dante is still credited with standardizing the Italian language, and thus the dialect of Florence became the basis for what would become the language of Italy. Italian was also one of the recognised languages in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Italy has always had a dialect for each city, because the cities. Those dialects now have considerable variety, as Tuscan-derived Italian came to be used throughout Italy, features of local speech were naturally adopted, producing various versions of Regional Italian. Even in the case of Northern Italian languages, however, scholars are not to overstate the effects of outsiders on the natural indigenous developments of the languages
7.
Horror film
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Horror film is a film genre that seeks to elicit a negative emotional reaction from viewers by playing on their fears. Inspired by literature from authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Bram Stoker, the macabre and the supernatural are frequent themes. Horror may also overlap with the fantasy, supernatural fiction and thriller genres, Horror films often deal with viewers nightmares, fears, revulsions and terror of the unknown. Plots within the genre often involve the intrusion of an evil force, event. Another of his projects was 1898s La Caverne maudite. Japan made early forays into the genre with Bake Jizo and Shinin no Sosei. The era featured a slew of literary adaptations, with the works of Poe and Dante, in 1908, Selig Polyscope Company produced Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In 1910, Edison Studios produced the first filmed version of Frankenstein, the macabre nature of the source materials used made the films synonymous with the horror film genre. Before and during the Weimar Republic era, German Expressionist filmmakers would significantly influence later productions, the first vampire-themed movie, Nosferatu, was made during this period, though it was an unauthorized adaptation of Bram Stokers Dracula. Other European countries also, contributed to the genre during this period, though the word horror to describe the film genre would not be used until the 1930s, earlier American productions often relied on horror themes. Some notable examples include The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Phantom of the Opera, The Cat and the Canary, The Unknown, and The Man Who Laughs. Many of these films were considered dark melodramas because of their stock characters and emotion-heavy plots that focused on romance, violence, suspense. The trend of inserting an element of macabre into American pre-horror melodramas continued into the 1920s, directors known for relying on macabre in their films during the 1920s were Maurice Tourneur, Rex Ingram, and Tod Browning. Ingrams The Magician contains one of the first examples of a mad doctor and is said to have had a influence on James Whales version of Frankenstein. The Unholy Three is an example of Brownings use of macabre and unique style of morbidity, he remade the film in 1930 as a talkie, during the early period of talking pictures, Universal Pictures began a successful Gothic horror film series. Tod Brownings Dracula was quickly followed by James Whales Frankenstein and The Old Dark House, some of these films blended science fiction with Gothic horror, such as Whales The Invisible Man and featured a mad scientist, mirroring earlier German films. Frankenstein was the first in a series of remakes which lasted for years, the Mummy introduced Egyptology as a theme, Make-up artist Jack Pierce was responsible for the iconic image of the monster, and others in the series. Universals horror cycle continued into the 1940s with B-movies including The Wolf Man, the once controversial Freaks, based on the short story Spurs, was made by MGM, though the studio disowned the completed film, and it remained banned, in the UK, for thirty years
8.
Kill, Baby, Kill
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Kill, Baby, Kill is a 1966 Italian horror film directed by Mario Bava and starring Giacomo Rossi-Stuart and Erika Blanc. In 1907, Dr. Paul Eswai is sent to a Carpathian village to perform an autopsy on a woman who died under mysterious circumstances in an abandoned church, there, he meets Monica Shuftan, a native of the town who has returned to visit her parents graves. Upon performing the autopsy, he finds a silver coin embedded in the womans heart. The local villagers are accustomed to medicinal practices and superstitions Dr. Eswai finds preposterous, after Nadienne, the daughter of local innkeepers, is visited by the girl, the village witch named Ruth performs a ritual to help reverse the curse. The following evening, while venturing through the village, Eswai goes to meet with a colleague, Inspector Kruger, upon arriving at large, decrepit home, she informs him that she knows of no such Kruger. Upon leaving, Eswai also encounters the young girl. Meanwhile, Monica has a nightmare about the child. She runs into Eswai in the street, and he offers to take her to the inn so she can sleep, at the inn, Eswai finds Nadienne has become increasingly ill, and gives her parents medicine to help her. In the local cemetery, Eswai finds two gravediggers burying the corpse of Inspector Kruger, who had shot in the head. Simultaneously, Nadienne is awoken by the girl at her window. When he goes to retrieve documents proving so, he is attacked by Melissa, Monica and Eswai attempt to get the villagers—who are reluctant to help them—attention by ringing the bell in the abandoned church. In the church, they find a passageway, in which Monica experiences déjà vu. Inside, they discover the Graps family tomb, which includes that of Melissa and they find a staircase leading out of the tomb, which takes them inside the Baroness Graps home, who confronts them in the hallway. The Baroness reveals that Melissa died while fetching a toy ball during a village festival. Melissa appears in the room, and Monica suddenly vanishes through a doorway, Eswai chases after her through a series of doorways before finding himself locked in a room. He loses consciousness, and awakens in Ruths home, back at the Graps manor, the Baroness reveals to Monica that she is in fact her daughter, and Melissa her sister. Melissas ghost appears, and chases Monica through the manor, down the grand staircase, Ruth arrives at the manor and confronts the Baroness. The Baroness stabs her through the chest with a fire poker, Eswai and Monica leave the manor as the sun rises in the distance
9.
Burg Kreuzenstein
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Burg Kreuzenstein is a castle near Leobendorf in Lower Austria, Austria. Burg Kreuzenstein is 265 metres above sea level and it was constructed on the remains of an early medieval castle that had fallen into disrepair and was then demolished during the Thirty Years War. Intended to be a vault for the Wilczek family, it was rebuilt in the 19th century by Count Nepomuk Wilczek with money from the familys large Silesian coal mines. Kreuzenstein is interesting in that it was constructed out of sections of medieval structures purchased by the family all over Europe to form an authentic-looking castle. Thus, the castle can be considered both a neo- and original medieval structure, the castle is sometimes used as a location for films. This castle is sometimes confused with the medieval castle Burg Liechtenstein, the castle is located just north of Vienna and the Danube on a rising above Rohrwald, directly above Leobendorf and between the towns of Korneuburg and Stockerau. The elevation is 266 m, the height above the Danube about 100 metres, close to Burg Kreuzenstein is a water gap in the Danube called Wiener Pforte, so that it allows a wide view of the current course of the river and the Korneuburger Becken upstream. Approximately opposite to Burg Kreuzenstein, on the bank of the Danube. The origins of Burg Kreuzenstein, like most castles in Lower Austria, originally built by the Counts of Formbach, the castle passed into the possession of the Counts of Wasserburg through marriage. Through Ottokar II of Bohemia, the castle came into the possession of the Habsburgs, in July 1527, the Anabaptist preacher Balthasar Hubmaier was arrested under the pretext of causing riots in Mikulov, Moravia and transferred to Burg Kreuzenstein. He was interrogated there but refused to renounce his beliefs and was burned at the stake in Vienna, in the 18th century, the castle came into the possession of the Counts of Wilczek who had amassed a large fortune through their coal mines in Silesia. In 1874, Count Johann Nepomuk Wilczek, best known as an explorer, began reconstruction of the castle. The existing ruins were incorporated into the new castle, in particular, parts of the outer wall, the practised eye can easily distinguish between the surviving medieval masonry and the 19th century additions. The reconstruction was overseen by architect Carl Gangolf Kayser until his death in 1895, at time it was taken over by Ritter Humbert Walcher of Molthein. A family vault was built under the castle and Johann Wilczek is interred there, as well as building the castle from the original masonry and on the original site, Wilczek gathered building components from all over Europe. The reconstruction work lasted for 30 years and Kaiser Wilhelm II was present at the reopening on 6 June 1906, a fire caused by a lightening strike in 1915, burned part of the archives and library wing. Today the castle is a much-loved tourist destination and museum in the countryside of Vienna. At one time, a concert known as the Burgserenade was held in the great hall of the castle
10.
Italian lira
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The lira was the currency of Italy between 1861 and 2002 and of the Albanian Kingdom between 1941 and 1943. Between 1999 and 2002, the Italian lira was officially a national subunit of the euro, however, cash payments could be made in lira only, as euro coins or notes were not yet available. The lira was also the currency of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy between 1807 and 1814, L, sometimes in a double-crossed script form, was the symbol most often used. Until the Second World War, it was subdivided into 100 centesimi, the lira was established at 4.5 grams of silver or 290.322 milligrams of gold. This was a continuation of the Sardinian lira. Other currencies replaced by the Italian lira included the Lombardy-Venetia pound, the Two Sicilies piastra, the Tuscan fiorino, the Papal States scudo and this practice has obviously ended with the introduction of the euro in 2002. World War I broke the Latin Monetary Union and resulted in prices rising severalfold in Italy, in 1927, the lira was pegged to the U. S. dollar at a rate of 1 dollar =19 lire. This rate lasted until 1934, with a separate tourist rate of US$1 =24.89 lire being established in 1936, in 1939, the official rate was 19.8 lire. After the Allied invasion of Italy, a rate was set at US$1 =120 lire in June 1943. In German occupied areas, the rate was set at 1 Reichsmark =10 lire. After the war, the value of the lira fluctuated, before Italy set a peg of US$1 =575 lire within the Bretton Woods System in November 1947, following the devaluation of the pound, Italy devalued to US$1 =625 lire on 21 September 1949. This rate was maintained until the end of the Bretton Woods System in the early 1970s, several episodes of high inflation followed until the lira was replaced by the euro. The lira was the unit of currency in Italy until January 1,1999. Old lira denominated currency ceased to be legal tender on February 28,2002, the conversion rate is 1,936.27 lire to the euro. All lira banknotes in use immediately before the introduction of the euro, originally Italys central bank pledged to redeem Italian coins and banknotes until 29 February 2012, but this was brought forward to 6 December 2011. Italys Constitutional Court has now declared the law that shortening the period of Italian Lira unlawful. Currently, studies are being conducted by the Banca dItalia and the Ministry of Economy, in 1863, silver coins below 5 lire were debased from 90% to 83. 5% and silver 20 centesimi coins were introduced. Minting switched to Rome in the 1870s, apart from the introduction in 1894 of cupro-nickel 20 centesimi coins and of nickel 25 centesimi pieces in 1902, the coinage remained essentially unaltered until the First World War
11.
American International Pictures
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It was dedicated to releasing independently produced, low-budget films packaged as double features, primarily of interest to the teenagers of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Nicholson and Arkoff formed ARC in 1954, their first release was the 1955 The Fast, nicholson and Arkoff served as executive producers while Roger Corman and Alex Gordon were the principal film producers and, sometimes, directors. Griffith wrote many of the films, along with Arkoffs brother-in-law, Lou Rusoff. Other writers included Ray Russell, Richard Matheson and Charles Beaumont, famous for his camera work on a number of exotic documentaries and the Oscar winner, High Noon, was chief cinematographer. His innovative use of color and odd lenses and angles gave AIP films a signature look. The early rubber monster suits and miniatures of Paul Blaisdell were used in AIPs science fiction films, the company also hired Les Baxter and Ronald Stein to compose many of its film scores. In the 1950s the company had a number of actors under contract, including John Ashley, Fay Spain, when many of ARC/AIPs first releases failed to earn a profit, Arkoff quizzed film exhibitors who told him of the value of the teenage market as adults were watching television. AIP stopped making Westerns with Arkoff explaining, To compete with television westerns you have to have color, big stars and $2,000,000. AIP was the first company to use focus groups, polling American teenagers about what they would like to see and using their responses to determine titles, stars, and story content. AIP would question their exhibitors what they thought of the success of a title, samuel Z. Arkoff related his tried-and-true ARKOFF formula for producing a successful low-budget movie years later, during a 1980s talk show appearance. Having recognized that other filmmakers were ignoring the lucrative teenage drive-in market, AIP focused on producing scores of low-budget and they exploited the emerging juvenile delinquent genre with movies like Daddy-O, High School Hellcats, Female Jungle, Reform School Girl, Runaway Daughters, and Girls in Prison. Movies centered on rock n roll music such as Shake, Rattle & Rock. based in rented office space at the Chaplin Studios, during the early 1960s AIP concentrated on horror films inspired by the Poe cycle. In 1962 Arkoff said AIP were in a similar to Columbia Pictures just before they made Submarine and Dirigible. Our better position will enable us to more important writers. Were a privately owned company at the moment but perhaps two or three years we will become a public company. Beginning with 1963s Beach Party, AIP created a new genre of beach party films featuring Annette Funicello, the original idea and the first script were Lou Rusoffs. The highly successful and often imitated series ended in 1966 with the 7th film, many actors from the beach films also appeared in AIPs spy-spoofs such as Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine and car racing sagas like Fireball 500 and Thunder Alley. During this time AIP also produced or distributed most of Roger Cormans horror films such as X, in 1966, the studio released The Wild Angels starring Peter Fonda, based loosely on the real-life exploits of the Hells Angels motorcycle gang
12.
Lisa and the Devil
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Lisa and the Devil is a 1973 Italian horror film directed by Mario Bava. The film was released in Spain as El diablo se lleva a los muertos and it had an ill-fated release in the US, where a heavily edited version completed with new scenes came out as The House of Exorcism with scenes directed by another filmmaker. It stars Elke Sommer, Telly Savalas, and Alida Valli, the story involves a young American tourist, who stays the night at the home of a family of Spanish aristocrats whose house is plagued by supernatural evil and dark secrets involving necrophilia. Tourist Lisa Reiner wanders away from her group in Toledo to go shopping inside a store, where she encounters a man named Leandro, who is purchasing a dummy. Due to his resemblance to the portrait of the devil in a fresco she has just seen, Lisa flees, when she fails to find back to the tour group, she takes refuge with a couple and their driver, who agree to help Lisa get to her hotel. But their car breaks down in front of a mansion where Lisa discovers that Leandro works as the butler. The couple persuade Leandro to let them stay while the driver fixes the car, Lisa attempts to flee, but the countess son Maximilian stops Lisa and agrees to let the three stay over the objections of his mother, a blind Countess. The Countess, Maximilian, Leandro, and the mustachioed man claim that Lisa is actually Elena, through a series of waking dreams, it is revealed that Elena was secretly sleeping with Carlos and that he was plotting to leave the jealous and reclusive Countess. After seeing Leandro preparing Carlos body for burial juxtaposed with Carlos being alive, Carlos attempts one last time to whisk Lisa away but Maximilian kills him. Lisa faints as Carlos body morphs into the dummy Leandro purchased in the store, the driver is promptly killed by a mysterious figure after fixing the car. Leandro offers to cover up the crime to his employers so long as they let him dispose of the body, when the husband demands his wife leave with him -- she runs over him, only to be brutally murdered by Maximilian. While Lisa is unconscious, Leandro dresses her like Elena and he gives a speech about how he is a demon that is indebted to the Countess and her son. Lisas arrival ultimately negated his inability to find a Lisa dummy to represent her in this latest incarnation, Lisa wakes up and finds the Countess, who has discovered the young wifes corpse. Lisa intends to escape, but a defeated and browbeaten Maximilian has started to believe that Lisa is just like Elena and he takes her to his secret room, where Elenas corpse and ghost are revealed to be the mystery prisoner. Maximilian drugs Lisa, strips her naked and rapes her, only to have the ghost of Elena laugh at him mid-rape and cause him to stop. Furious, he goes downstairs and confesses his crimes to his mother, Maximilian kills his mother when he realizes that she will never let him leave her or allow him to have a relationship with Lisa. After doing so, Maximilian is shocked to find all of his victims waiting for him at a table, as his mother attempts to kill him, Maximilian jumps from a window but is impaled on the metal fence below. Leandro reveals himself behind the corpses making their appearance and says that Maximilian accidentally slipped, Lisa wakes up the next morning, naked, with the mansion in ruins
13.
Roger Ebert
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Roger Joseph Ebert was an American film critic and historian, journalist, screenwriter, and author. He was a critic for the Chicago Sun-Times from 1967 until his death in 2013. In 1975, Ebert became the first film critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism, the two verbally sparred and traded humorous barbs while discussing films. They created and trademarked the phrase Two Thumbs Up, used when both hosts gave the film a positive review. After Siskel died in 1999, Ebert continued hosting the show with various co-hosts and then, starting in 2000, Ebert lived with cancer of the thyroid and salivary glands from 2002. This required treatments necessitating the removal of his jaw, which cost him the ability to speak or eat normally. His ability to write remained unimpaired, however, and he continued to publish frequently both online and in print until his death on April 4,2013. Roger Joseph Ebert was born in Urbana, Illinois, the child of Annabel, a bookkeeper, and Walter Harry Ebert. He was raised Roman Catholic, attending St. Marys elementary school and his paternal grandparents were German immigrants and his maternal ancestry was Irish and Dutch. In his senior year, he was president and editor-in-chief of his high school newspaper. In 1958, he won the Illinois High School Association state speech championship in radio speaking, regarding his early influences in film criticism, Ebert wrote in the 1998 parody collection Mad About the Movies, I learned to be a movie critic by reading Mad magazine. Mads parodies made me aware of the machine inside the skin – of the way a movie might look original on the outside, I did not read the magazine, I plundered it for clues to the universe. Pauline Kael lost it at the movies, I lost it at Mad magazine, Ebert began taking classes at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an early-entrance student, completing his high-school courses while also taking his first university class. After graduating from Urbana High School in 1960, Ebert then attended and received his degree in 1964. As an undergraduate, he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, One of the first movie reviews he ever wrote was a review of La Dolce Vita, published in The Daily Illini in October 1961. Ebert spent a semester as a student in the department of English there before attending the University of Cape Town on a Rotary fellowship for a year. He returned from Cape Town to his studies at Illinois for two more semesters and then, after being accepted as a PhD candidate at the University of Chicago. Instead Kogan referred Ebert to the city editor at the Chicago Sun-Times, Jim Hoge and he attended doctoral classes at the University of Chicago while working as a general reporter at the Sun-Times for a year
14.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
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Leonard Maltin
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Leonard Michael Maltin is an American film critic and historian, as well as an author of several mainstream books on cinema, focusing on nostalgic, celebratory narratives. He is known as a critic for the major studios, for writing the shortest review in the U. S. Maltin was born in New York City, son of singer Jacqueline, and Aaron Isaac Maltin and he is married to researcher and producer Alice Tlusty. He has one daughter, Jessica Bennett Maltin, born in 1986, Maltin grew up in Teaneck, New Jersey, and graduated from Teaneck High School in 1968. He described his relationship with film critic Roger Ebert as friendly. Maltin began his career at age fifteen, writing for Classic Images and editing and publishing his own fanzine, Film Fan Monthly. After earning a degree at New York University, Maltin went on to publish articles in a variety of film journals, newspapers. In the 1970s Maltin also reviewed recordings in the jazz magazine, starting May 29,1982, Maltin for 30 years was the movie reviewer on the syndicated television series Entertainment Tonight. He also appears on the Starz cable network, and hosted his own syndicated program, Leonard Maltin on Video. Maltin currently hosts a show called Secrets Out on ReelzChannel movie network. He also spearheaded the creation of the Walt Disney Treasures collectible DVD line in 2001, Maltin appeared on Pyramid twice as a celebrity player, in 1987 on the CBS $25,000 version, and in 1991 on the John Davidson version. He also appeared on Super Password as a celebrity guest in 1988, in the mid-1990s, Maltin became the president of the Los Angeles Film Critics Association and is on the Advisory Board of the Hollywood Entertainment Museum. For nearly a decade, Maltin was also on the faculty of the New School for Social Research in New York City and he currently teaches in the School of Cinematic Arts at the University of Southern California. The statement had appeared in print in Maltins annual movie guide for nearly 25 years before Maltin publicly apologized for the error, Maltin currently hosts The Maltin Minute for DirecTV customers. He also wrote the introduction for The Complete Peanuts, 1983–1984, in 1990, he took a look at the MGM years of The Three Stooges in a film called The Lost Stooges, available on a made-to-order DVD through the Warner Archive Collection. He was the host of Treasures From the Disney Vault on Turner Classic Movies and his own gigantic form was reminiscent of Ultraman with his initials on his chest. He also appeared as himself in Gremlins 2, The New Batch and this was spoofed in the Mad magazine parody of Gremlins 2. He also made an appearance on the cartoon show Freakazoid, where he voiced himself, only to be abducted by monsters
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Dread Central
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Dread Central is an American website founded in 2006 that is dedicated to horror news, interviews, and reviews. It covers horror films, comics, novels, and toys, Dread Central has won the Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Award for Best Website four times and was selected as AMCs Site of the Week in 2008. Dread Central was founded on July 4,2006, when a venture to create a horror-themed cable television channel stalled, the web team left and established their own news site. In 2012, a review posted by Scott Foy attracted controversy when Foy. The sites staff use horror-themed aliases, the website has a broad focus, and it covers both mainstream and fringe topics that range from horror films to comics to toys. Besides reviews and news, they also host several podcasts, Steve Persall of the Tampa Bay Times states that if it gushes blood or desecrates flesh, Dread Central covers it. The site is oriented toward a male demographic and favors edgy, after ten years, Dread Central became reader-supported via Patreon. This would make Dread Central the first genre news site to switch from being ad-supported to being crowd supported, celebrity supporters include John Carpenter, Gale Anne Hurd, Sid Haig, Adam Green and Darren Lynn Bousman. In 2007, Dread Central and VersusMedia announced Horror DOeuvres, a competition for independent short films, in 2008, the site partnered with several other prominent horror sites and studios in a horror-themed auction to raise money for the Entertainment Industry Foundation. In 2013, they partnered with Gas Lamp Museum and the San Diego Ghost Hunters to organize a ghost hunt at the William Heath Davis House, the proceeds went toward upkeep for the historic site. Also in 2013, they began offering the Box of Dread, cineMayhem, a film festival for independent genre films, was founded by Heather Wixson in association with Dread Centrals Indie Horror Month. The festival, whose date was March 2–3,2013, is presented in Thousand Oaks. The festival is backed by Scream Factory, Sideshow Collectibles, Magnet Releasing, Dread Central and Home Media Magazine present the Reaper Awards annually for the best home video releases and direct-to-video features. It is held at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel and is hosted by Steve Barton, Dread Central was chosen as AMCs Site of the Week, in 2008. It was nominated for Total Films Best Horror Blog, in 2010 and it won the Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Award for Best Website for 2009,2010,2011, and 2012
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