Base (chemistry)
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In chemistry, there are three definitions in common use of the word "base": Arrhenius bases, Brønsted bases, and Lewis bases. All definitions agree that bases are substances that react with acids, as
Soaps are weak bases formed by the reaction of fatty acids with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
Ammonia fumes from aqueous ammonium hydroxide (in test tube) reacting with hydrochloric acid (in beaker) to produce ammonium chloride (white smoke).
Sodium hydroxide
PH
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In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of aqueous solutions. Acidic solutions are measured to have lower pH values than basic or alkaline solutions. While the
Base (chemistry)
…the autoionization equilibrium, bases yield solutions in which the hydrogen ion activity is lower than it is in pure water, i.e., the water has a pH higher than 7.0 at standard conditions. A soluble base is called an alkali if it contains and releases OH− ions quantitatively. Metal oxides, hydroxides…
Test tubes containing solutions of pH 1 to 10 colored with an indicator
Lemon juice tastes sour because it contains 5% to 6% citric acid and has a pH of 2.2 (high acidity).