1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
A-side and B-side
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The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record
3.
CD single
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This article is about the 12cm single. Not to be confused with 8cm single, the standard in the Red Book for the term CD single. A CD single is a single in the form of a standard size compact disc. It is not to be confused with the Mini CD single, the format was introduced in the mid-1980s but did not gain its place in the market until the early 1990s. With the rise in digital downloads in the early 2010s, sales of CD singles have decreased, commercially released CD singles can vary in length from two songs up to six songs like an EP. Some contain multiple mixes of one or more songs, in the tradition of 12 vinyl singles, depending on the nation, there may be limits on the number of songs and total length for sales to count in singles charts. Containing four tracks, it had a limited print run. CD singles were first made eligible for the UK Singles Chart in 1987, the Mini CD single format was originally created for use for singles in the late 1980s, but met with limited success, particularly in the US. The smaller CDs were more successful in Japan and have become more common in Europe. By 1989, the CD3 was in decline in the US and it was common in the 1990s for US record companies to release both a two-track CD and a multi-track maxi CD. In the UK, record companies would also release two CDs but, usually, these consisted of three tracks or more each. Pressure from record labels made singles charts in some countries become song charts, allowing album cuts to chart based only on airplay, without a single ever being released. At the end of the 1990s, the CD was the single format in the UK, but in the US. In Australia, the Herald Sun reported the CD single is set to become extinct, while CD singles no longer maintain their own section of the store, copies are still distributed but placed with the artists albums. That is predominantly the case for popular Australian artists such as Jessica Mauboy, Kylie Minogue and, most recently, Delta Goodrem, the ARIA Singles Chart are now predominantly compiled from legal downloads, and ARIA also stopped compiling their physical singles sales chart. On a Mission by Gabriella Cilmi was the last CD single to be stocked in Kmart, Target and Big W, sanity Entertainment, having resisted the decline for longer than the other major outlets, has also ceased selling CD singles. In Greece and Cyprus, the term CD single is used to describe a play in which there may be anywhere from three to six different tracks. These releases charted on the Greek Singles Chart with songs released as singles, in September 2003, there was talk of ringtones for mobile phones outstripping CD singles sales for the year 2004
4.
Arista Records
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/ˈɛ. rɪ. stə/ was a major American record label. It was a wholly owned unit of Sony Music Entertainment and was handled by Bertelsmann Music Group. The company operated under the RCA Music Group until 2011, the label was founded in 1974 by Clive Davis, who formerly worked for CBS Records. Until its demise in 2011, it was a distributor and promoter of albums throughout the United States. Today, the labels reissues and catalogue releases are handled by RCA Records, after being fired from CBS Records, Clive Davis was hired by Columbia Pictures in June 1974 to be a consultant for the companys record and music operations. The label was named Arista after New York Citys secondary school honor society, in early 1975, most of the artists who had been signed to Bell were let go, except David Cassidy, Tony Orlando and Dawn, and the 5th Dimension. Others, such as Suzi Quatro and Hot Chocolate, were farmed out to the Bell/Arista-distributed label, several Bell acts, such as Barry Manilow, the Bay City Rollers, and Melissa Manchester moved to Arista. The British Bell label kept that name for a couple of years before changing its name to Arista, the label was immortalized in the 1978 Rockpile song They Called It Rock, in the lyric, Arista says they love you/But the kids cant dance to this. In addition to Manilow, the Kinks, and Dionne Warwick, Arista signed Aretha Franklin in 1980, the labels most significant acquisition came in 1983 when Davis signed Warwicks cousin, Whitney Houston. Houston would eventually become Aristas biggest-selling recording artist, with sales of 200 million records worldwide, Arista had an imprint label in the 1970s called Arista Novus, which focused on contemporary jazz artists. A country music division, Career Records, was merged into the Arista Nashville division in 1997, Arista Austin was used in the late 1990s as a country label. Additionally, Arista was the North American distributor of Jive Records from 1981 until 1987, during the 1990s, Arista also distributed Logic, Rowdy and Heavenly Recordings. Looking to stave off bankruptcy, Columbia Pictures sold Arista to German-based Ariola Records in 1979, after Ariola purchased General Electrics RCA Records in 1986, the combined company was renamed Bertelsmann Music Group, though Aristas U. S. releases would not note BMG until 1987. Into the 1980s, Arista continued its success, including major UK act Secret Affair, over the years it acquired Northwestside Records, deConstruction Records, First Avenue Records, and Dedicated Records in the UK. In 1989, Arista entered into a joint venture with Antonio L. A. Reid and Babyface in the creation of LaFace Records record company of TLC, in 1993, Arista also entered into a joint-venture with Sean P. Diddy Combs to form Bad Boy Records. In 1997 Arista acquired Profile Records, the home of Run-D. M. C. in 1989, Arista signed Milli Vanilli, a duo consisting of Rob Pilatus and Fab Morvan that was based in Germany. The label released its album, Girl You Know Its True, which was a remixed and re-edited version of All or Nothing. The album was certified platinum in the U. S. and charted five top-ten singles
5.
RCA Records
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RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
6.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
7.
Melanie Thornton
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Melanie Janene Thornton was an American pop singer who found fame in Europe during the 1990s. She is mostly known around the world as the face and voice behind the Eurodance band La Bouche and her most notable singles Be My Lover and Sweet Dreams were released under the name of La Bouche between 1994 and 1995. She also had a successful solo career in Germany before her death. Her solo hits include Love How You Love Me, Heartbeat, Thornton was born in Charleston, South Carolina and began studying voice from the age of six, as well as learning to play the piano and the clarinet. She grew up listening to Aretha Franklin and Roberta Flack, Thornton would mimic the female vocalists she saw on television or heard on radio. Later on, she financed her studies with appearances in talent shows. She frequented a club called The Peacock Lounge, getting up and she had long dreamed of a career in music and in February 1992, Thornton went to Germany. Her sister lived there with her U. S. Army husband and Thornton had dual citizenship in Germany and her uncle, Bob Chisolm, a singer and piano player, encouraged her to give the German nightclub circuit a try. She had been singing in a Macon, Ga. band, Danger Zone, however, Bob Chisolm told her that on a bad night in Germany she would make $150. Thornton tried it and soon found work in recording demos. It was her recording of the song Sweet Dreams that caught the attention of producer Frank Farian, Farian took her under his wing, teaming her with rapper Lane McCray in the duo La Bouche, which is French for The Mouth. La Bouche went on to one of the biggest Eurodance groups of the 90s, with a string of hits. They released two studio albums Sweet Dreams and S. O. S. with A Moment of Love being the European version of S. O. S. The remix album All Mixed Up followed by a string of hits like Sweet Dreams, Be My Lover, Fallin in Love, I Love to Love, Bolingo, in February 2000, she would leave La Bouche to be replaced by Natascha Wright as the new front-woman. She signed a deal with Sony/Epic Records. Her first solo single was released in November 2000, titled Love How You Love Me, Thornton presented her new single on November 29,2000 on the RTL Spendenmarathon, and on December 1 at the Dome in Berlin. The follow-up singles were Heartbeat, Makin Oooh Oooh and Memories, on May 7,2001, Thornton released her first solo album entitled Ready to Fly under the label X-Cell, distributed by Sony/Epic Records. The album featured a mixture of soul and dance tracks that showed off her powerful voice, there was also a special edition of the album released later in 2001 featuring some remix bonus tracks and bonus songs such as the single Wonderful Dream
8.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
9.
Frank Farian
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His tendency to create bands with a visual image distinct from the recorded musical performances has led to controversy throughout his career, especially in the case of Milli Vanilli. During his career, Frank Farian has sold more than 850 million records worldwide, Farian is also the owner of the record label MCI and several subsidiaries. Farian started as a cook before moving into the music industry. He also had a hit in 1973 with Was kann schöner sein. Shying away from the spotlight, he hired performers to front for public performances, the lead vocals for songs on Boney M. albums in the 1970s were sung by Farian, Marcia Barrett and Liz Mitchell, who quickly became synonymous with the group. Boney M. s frontman, Bobby Farrell, was allowed to record vocals in the 1980s. Bobby Farrell was fired from the group for unreliability in 1981, Farian also started the supergroup Far Corporation, which featured Steve Lukather, David Paich, Bobby Kimball, Simon Phillips, and Robin McAuley, many of Toto fame. Far Corporation is notable for being the first act to chart with a version of Led Zeppelins Stairway to Heaven, becoming a top 10 hit in the UK. In 1986, Farian produced and mixed the Meat Loaf album Blind Before I Stop and he also sang backing vocals on the first single from the album Rock n Roll Mercenaries, which was credited to Meat Loaf featuring John Parr. Some other groups that Farian has been involved with are Eruption, in 1990, he admitted orchestrating the events which led to the Milli Vanilli scandal, a musical equivalent of ghostwriting. As a producer, he had assembled a group from session musicians, fronting it with visually attractive dancers Rob Pilatus, the story broke when Farian confirmed to the press that someone else had sung on the records. Following the Milli Vanilli controversy, Farian went on to develop similar Eurodance groups La Bouche, on 15 August 2006, the musical Daddy Cool opened at the Shaftesbury Theatre in Londons West End. The line-up included Michelle Collins, Michael Harvey, Javine Hylton, the £3 million show was produced by Farian and Robert Mackintosh. The story, written by Stephen Plaice with Amani Naphtali, is based on the songs of Boney M. but also features songs by Milli Vanilli. Also in 2006, Farian was credited as co-writing a new song, entitled Doin Fine, with British producers Nathan Thomas and Carl M. Cox. Described as paying tribute to the sound of Boney M. the song was essentially a new composition. The song was recorded by Australian pop singer, Peter Wilson and it was initially released in the UK on 16 April 2007 in its extended format, entitled Daddys Cool 12 Mix, charting at number one on the EuroDanceHits EuroNRG Top 40 in May 2007. The original version of Doin Fine featured on Peter Wilsons debut album, Follow Me, the song was also recorded in 2008 by Amanda Lear
10.
Sweet Dreams (La Bouche song)
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Sweet Dreams is a song recorded by German Eurodance group La Bouche. It was originally released in March 1994 as the single from their album of the same name. It was released in North America in January 1996 and it reached number one in both Italy and on the Canadian dance chart and peaked at number 13 in the United States. In Australia, Sweet Dreams peaked at eight and was certified gold by ARIA. Sweet Dreams has a tempo of 134 beats per minute and it is written in the key of B minor and follows a chord progression of Bm7 – G – A, and the vocals span from A3 to B4
11.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
12.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
13.
Dance Club Songs
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The Dance Club Songs chart is a weekly national survey of the songs that are most popular in U. S. dance clubs. It is compiled by Billboard exclusively from playlists submitted by nightclub disc jockeys who must apply, the current number-one song on the Dance Club Songs chart for the issue dated April 15,2017, is Lick Me Up by Tony Moran and Dani Toro featuring Zhana Roiya. Dance Club Songs has undergone several incarnations since its inception in 1974, originally a top-ten list of tracks that garnered the largest audience response in New York City discothèques, the chart began on October 26,1974 under the title Disco Action. The chart went on to feature playlists from various cities around the country from week to week, Billboard continued to run regional and city-specific charts throughout 1975 and 1976 until the issue dated August 28,1976, when a thirty-position National Disco Action Top 30 premiered. During the first half of the 1980s the chart maintained eighty slots until March 16,1985 when the Disco charts were splintered and renamed, two charts appeared, Hot Dance/Disco, which ranked club play, and Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales, which ranked 12-inch single sales. Only Hot Dance Club Songs still exists today and these stations are also a part of the electronically monitored panel that encompasses the Hot 100. Radio airplay is not limited to that counted on the Dance/Mix Show Airplay chart, during this time, Billboard rival publication Record World was the first to compile a dance chart which incorporated club play on a national level. Noted Billboard statistician Joel Whitburn has since adopted Record Worlds chart data from the weeks between March 29,1975 and August 21,1976 into Billboards club play history. For the sake of continuity, Record Worlds national chart is incorporated into both Whitburns Dance/Disco publication as well as the 1975 and 1976 number-ones lists, with the issue dated August 28,1976, Billboard premiered its own national chart and their data is used from this date forward. For the full list of all 100 All Time Top Dance Club Artists, both Enrique Iglesias and Dave Aude are tied with 14 number-ones on the chart, the most among male artists. Iglesias, however, is the male vocalist to accomplish this feat, while Aude is the only producer to achieve this milestone. Four acts have attained thirteen number-one songs, Whitney Houston, Kylie Minogue, Yoko Ono, Kylie Minogue became the first act to have two songs in the top three on March 5,2011. Her song Better than Today was number-one while Higher, a song by Taio Cruz on which Minogue features, was number three, the first 12-inch single made commercially available to the public was Ten Percent by Double Exposure in 1976. The first number one on Billboards Disco Action chart was Never Can Say Goodbye by Gloria Gaynor in 1974, the first number one on Billboards National Disco Action Top 30 was You Should Be Dancing by the Bee Gees in 1976. Beginning with the February 23,1991 issue, the dance chart became song specific, in all scenarios this was due to the tracks being included in film soundtrack albums. In 1978, four tracks from Thank God Its Friday, in 1980, madonna holds the record for the most chart hits, the most top-twenty hits, the most top-ten hits and the most total weeks at number one. The Trammps are the act to replace themselves at number one. The longest running number-ones on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart are Bad Luck by Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes2 in 1975, both entries spent eleven weeks in the top spot
14.
North Carolina
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North Carolina is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U. S. states. The state is divided into 100 counties, the most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the second largest banking center in the United States after New York City. The state has a range of elevations, from sea level on the coast to 6,684 feet at Mount Mitchell. The climate of the plains is strongly influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the falls in the humid subtropical climate zone. More than 300 miles from the coast, the western, mountainous part of the state has a highland climate. North Carolina is bordered by South Carolina on the south, Georgia on the southwest, Tennessee on the west, Virginia on the north, the United States Census Bureau places North Carolina in the South Atlantic division of the southern region. So many ships have been lost off Cape Hatteras that the area is known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic, the most famous of these is the Queen Annes Revenge, which went aground in Beaufort Inlet in 1718. The coastal plain transitions to the Piedmont region along the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, the Piedmont region of central North Carolina is the states most populous region, containing the six largest cities in the state by population. It consists of rolling countryside frequently broken by hills or low mountain ridges. The Piedmont ranges from about 300 feet in elevation in the east to about 1,500 feet in the west, the western section of the state is part of the Appalachian Mountain range. Among the subranges of the Appalachians located in the state are the Great Smoky Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountains, the Black Mountains are the highest in the eastern United States, and culminate in Mount Mitchell at 6,684 feet, the highest point east of the Mississippi River. North Carolina has 17 major river basins, the five basins west of the Blue Ridge Mountains flow to the Gulf of Mexico, while the remainder flow to the Atlantic Ocean. Of the 17 basins,11 originate within the state of North Carolina, but only four are contained entirely within the states border – the Cape Fear, the Neuse, the White Oak, and the Tar-Pamlico basin. Elevation above sea level is most responsible for temperature change across the state, the climate is also influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream, especially in the coastal plain. These influences tend to cause warmer winter temperatures along the coast, the coastal plain averages around 1 inch of snow or ice annually, and in many years, there may be no snow or ice at all. North Carolina experiences severe weather in summer and winter, with summer bringing threat of hurricanes, tropical storms, heavy rain
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South Carolina
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South Carolina /ˌsaʊθ kærəˈlaɪnə/ is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the north by North Carolina, to the south and west by Georgia across the Savannah River, South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the U. S. Constitution, doing so on May 23,1788. South Carolina became the first state to vote to secede from the Union on December 20,1860, after the American Civil War, it was readmitted into the United States on June 25,1868. South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and the 23rd most populous U. S. state and its GDP as of 2013 was $183.6 billion, with an annual growth rate of 3. 13%. The capital and largest city is Columbia with a 2013 population of 133,358, South Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England, under whose reign the English colony was first formed, with Carolus being Latin for Charles. There is evidence of activity in the area about 12000 years ago. Along the Savannah River were the Apalachee, Yuchi, and the Yamasee, further west were the Cherokee, and along the Catawba River, the Catawba. These tribes were village-dwellers, relying on agriculture as their food source. The Cherokee lived in wattle and daub houses made with wood and clay, about a dozen separate small tribes summered on the coast harvesting oysters and fish, and cultivating corn, peas and beans. Travelling inland as much as 50 miles mostly by canoe, they wintered on the plain, hunting deer and gathering nuts. The names of these survive in place names like Edisto Island, Kiawah Island. The Spanish were the first Europeans in the area, in 1521, founding San Miguel de Gualdape, established with 500 settlers, it was abandoned within a year by 150 survivors. In 1562 French settlers established a settlement at what is now the Charlesfort-Santa Elena archaeological site on Parris Island, three years later the Spanish built a fort on the same site, but withdrew following hostilities with the English navy. In 1629, King Charles I of England established the Province of Carolina an area covering what is now South and North Carolina, Georgia, in the 1670s, English planters from the Barbados established themselves near what is now Charleston. Settlers built rice plantations in the South Carolina Lowcountry, east of the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, settlers came from all over Europe. Plantation labor was done by African slaves who formed the majority of the population by 1720, another cash crop was the Indigo plant, a plant source of blue dye, developed by Eliza Lucas. Meanwhile, in Upstate South Carolina, west of the Fall Line, was settled by farmers and traders. Colonists overthrew the rule, seeing more direct representation
16.
A Chorus Line
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A Chorus Line is a musical with music by Marvin Hamlisch, lyrics by Edward Kleban and a book by James Kirkwood, Jr. and Nicholas Dante. Centred on seventeen Broadway dancers auditioning for spots on a chorus line, a Chorus Line provides a glimpse into the personalities of the performers and the choreographer as they describe the events that have shaped their lives and their decisions to become dancers. Following several workshops and an Off-Broadway production, A Chorus Line opened at the Shubert Theatre on Broadway July 25,1975, an unprecedented box office and critical hit, the musical received twelve Tony Award nominations and won nine, in addition to the 1976 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It remains the sixth longest-running Broadway show ever, a Chorus Lines success has spawned many successful productions worldwide. It began a run in the West End in 1976 and was revived on Broadway in 2006. The show opens in the middle of an audition for an upcoming Broadway production, the formidable director Zach and his assistant choreographer Larry put the dancers through their paces. Every dancer is desperate for work, after the next round of cuts,17 dancers remain. Zach tells them he is looking for a dancing chorus of four boys. He wants to more about them, and asks the dancers to introduce themselves. With reluctance, the reveal their pasts. The stories generally progress chronologically from early life experiences through adulthood to the end of a career, the first candidate, Mike, explains that he is the youngest of 12 children. He recalls his first experience with dance, watching his sisters dance class when he was a pre-schooler, Mike took her place one day when she refused to go to class—and he stayed. Bobby tries to hide the unhappiness of his childhood by making jokes, as he speaks, the other dancers have misgivings about this strange audition process and debate what they should reveal to Zach, but since they all need the job, the session continues. Zach is angered when he feels that the streetwise Sheila is not taking the audition seriously, opening up, she reveals that her mother married at a young age and her father neither loved nor cared for them. When she was six, she realized that ballet provided relief from her family life, as did Bebe. The scatter-brained Kristine is tone-deaf, and her lament that she could never sing is interrupted by her husband Al finishing her phrases in tune. Mark, the youngest of the dancers, relates his first experiences with pictures of the anatomy and his first wet dream. The 410 Connie laments the problems of being short, and Diana Morales recollects her horrible high school acting class, Don remembers his first job at a nightclub and Judy reflects on her problematic childhood while some of the auditionees talk about their opinion of their parents
17.
Milli Vanilli
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Milli Vanilli was a German R&B duo from Munich. The group was founded by Frank Farian in 1988 and consisted of Fab Morvan, the groups debut album Girl You Know Its True achieved international success and earned them a Grammy Award for Best New Artist on 21 February 1990. Milli Vanilli became one of the most popular pop acts in the late 1980s and their success quickly turned to infamy when Morvan, Pilatus and their agent Sergio Vendero confessed that Morvan and Pilatus did not sing any of the vocals heard on the record. This resulted in the group being stripped of their Grammy Award for Best New Artist, the group recorded a comeback album in 1998, but Rob Pilatus died before the album was released. According to VH1s Behind the Music, the single Girl You Know Its True was first produced by Jesse Powell and had already been completed before Rob Pilatus, Frank Farian felt that no efforts should be focused on refining Pilatus and Morvans voices. Farian added his own studio-augmented voice to recordings, using back-up singers to hide the two members voices live. In 2011 Morvan claimed that Farian manipulated the two by giving them an advance when he signed them. We were not hired, we were trapped Morvan recalled, the first public sign that the group was lip-synching came on 21 July 1989, during a live performance on MTV at the Lake Compounce theme park in Bristol, Connecticut. They continued to pretend to sing and dance onstage for a few more moments, unlike the international release of All or Nothing, the inserts for the American version of the album explicitly attributed the vocals to Morvan and Pilatus. This prompted singer Charles Shaw to reveal in December 1989 that he was one of the three singers on the album and that Pilatus and Morvan were impostors. Farian reportedly paid Shaw $150,000 to retract his statements, as a result of American media pressure, Milli Vanillis Grammy was withdrawn four days later. However, their three American Music Awards were never withdrawn because the organizers felt the awards were given to them by music consumers. After these details emerged, at least 27 different lawsuits were filed under various U. S. consumer fraud protection laws against Pilatus, Morvan, on 12 August 1991, a proposed settlement to a refund lawsuit in Chicago, Illinois, was rejected. This settlement would have refunded buyers of Milli Vanilli CDs, cassettes, records, however, the refunds would only be given as a credit for a future Arista release. On 28 August, a new settlement was approved, it refunded those who attended concerts along with those who bought Milli Vanilli recordings, an estimated 10 million buyers were eligible to claim a refund and they could keep the refunded recordings as well. The deadline to claim refunds passed on 8 March 1992, the resulting album, released in Europe in early 1991, was renamed The Moment of Truth and spawned three singles, Keep On Running, Nice n Easy and Too Late. A Morvan/Pilatus lookalike named Ray Horton was depicted on the cover along with the singers, Brad Howell. In addition, the featured rappers Icy Bro on Hard as Hell
18.
Echo Music Prize
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Echo is an accolade by the Deutsche Phono-Akademie an association of recording companies of Germany to recognize outstanding achievement in the music industry. Each years winner is determined by the years sales. Winners in the pop category are announced in March, the winners in the category in October. First held with 350 people in the Flora in Cologne in 1992, the ceremony in Frankfurt was televised. Until 1995, only invited guests could attend the ceremony and it was held in Munich, and in 2001, the venue was moved from Hamburg to Berlin because of subsidies of up to 20 million euros, although a return in 2004 was considered. In 2009, the venue in Berlin was moved to O2 World, the trophy was designed by Oliver Renelt when he was a student at the Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg. It is stainless steel, and is 40 centimetres tall and weighs 2 kilograms and it depicts half a disc with notes flowing into it from a globe, and the design was the winner of a competition held for that purpose. The Kastelruther Spatzen have won 13 Echo Awards in the category Volksmusik which is more than any other artist, ein Stern 2009 Kid Rock, All Summer Long 2010 Lady Gaga, Poker Face 2011 Israel Kamakawiwoʻole, Over the Rainbow 2012 Gotye feat. Kimbra, Somebody That I Used to Know 2013 Die Toten Hosen, Tage wie diese 2014 Avicii, Wake Me Up 2015 Helene Fischer, Atemlos durch die Nacht 2016 Lost Frequencies, in 2011 it was held in Essen. Since 2010, Echo Jazz awards have been given in thirty categories, including ensemble of the year, male and female singer of the year, record label, in 2012 the criteria for entry included album release date and two outstanding reviews from music journalists. Conductor Claus Ogermann was given the ECHO Jazz Lifetime Achievement Award in 2012, Awards are decided by a twelve-member jury based on critical and commercial appeal
19.
C-sharp minor
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C-sharp minor or C♯ minor is a minor scale based on C♯, with the pitches C♯, D♯, E, F♯, G♯, A, and B. For the C-sharp harmonic minor, the B is raised to B♯ and its key signature consists of four sharps. Its relative major is E major and its parallel major, C♯ major, is usually replaced by D♭ major, since C♯ major, which would contain seven sharps, is not normally used. D♭ minor, having eight flats, including the B, has a similar problem, changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. There are only two symphonies in the 18th century written in this key. One of them is by Joseph Martin Kraus, but he appears to have found the key difficult since he later rewrote it in C minor, even in the following two centuries, C-sharp minor symphonies remained rare. Two notable examples are the first movement of Mahlers Symphony No. 5) and this key occurs more often in piano literature from the 18th century onwards. Domenico Scarlatti wrote just two keyboard sonatas in C-sharp minor, K.246 and K.247, but after Beethovens Piano Sonata No. 14, the key became more frequent in the piano repertoire, beethoven himself used this key again in the outer movements of his String Quartet No.14. Even so, Johannes Brahms still felt the need to rewrite his C-sharp minor Piano Quartet in C minor, frédéric Chopin often wrote in this key, examples include the Fantaisie-Impromptu, Scherzo No. 2, and nocturnes No.7 and No.20, another very famous example of a work in C-sharp minor is Rachmaninoffs Prelude in C-sharp minor. Dmitri Shostakovichs Violin Concerto No.2 is in C-sharp minor, jules Van Nuffel wrote his psalm setting In convertendo Dominus for choir and organ in C-sharp minor. Mr. Mister – the chorus in Broken Wings Nicki Minaj – Anaconda The Police – Message in a Bottle Smile. dk – Butterfly Britney Spears – Oops. I Did It Again Britney Spears – Womanizer Train – Drive By Kanye West – Love Lockdown Ed Sheeran – Shape of You Media related to C-sharp minor at Wikimedia Commons
20.
Romy and Michele's High School Reunion
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Romy and Micheles High School Reunion is a 1997 American comedy film directed by David Mirkin and starring Lisa Kudrow, Mira Sorvino, Janeane Garofalo, Camryn Manheim, and Alan Cumming. The characters are taken from the stage play Ladies Room, which also featured Kudrow, Romy White and Michele Weinberger are two friends living together in a beachfront apartment in Los Angeles, California. Romy works as a cashier in the department of a Jaguar dealership. They are both single and unambitious, Romy encounters former high school classmate, Heather Mooney, who informs Romy about their upcoming 10-year high school reunion back in Tucson, Arizona. At first excited at the prospect of attending, Romy then has the realization that they not be able to make a good impression at the reunion. In a series of flashbacks from 1987, Romy and Micheles suffering is revealed, Christie humiliated them once again at the prom, telling Romy that her handsome jock boyfriend, Billy Christensen, was in love with Romy and has now broken up with Christie to be with her. Christie tells Romy to wait for a dance with Billy, Christie and Billy then ride away together, unbeknownst to Romy, who patiently waits all night long at the dance for Billy. In tears, Romy then dances with Michele in a depressed state, failing in their attempts to get jobs and boyfriends, Romy and Michele decide to simply pretend they have been much more successful by showing up in an expensive car and business suits. Romy obtains a nice car from the Jaguar dealership, and Michele makes their outfits, Romy wants to state it was her idea to invent Post-Its and Micheles main contribution was deciding they should be yellow, which Michele takes as an insult to her intelligence. This leads to an argument about whos the cuter of the two. The argument results in their decision to go their separate ways once they reach their destination, when they arrive, Michele hears Romy saying that she invented Post-its all by herself. Michele convinces the A-Group girls that she invented a kind of glue. Sandy Frink, the nerd who had a crush on Michele in high school, turns out to be wealthy and gorgeous and hits on Michele, while Billy and Romy reunite. Both Romy and Michele win awards as the most successful members of their graduating class, though still refusing to speak with each other, they look back at each other with longing. Seventy years later, an elderly Michele learns that Romy is on her deathbed, however, they rehash the same argument. Romy dies, flipping her the bird, and they never get a chance to resolve their issues, Michele wakes up alone in the car in the present day, disturbed by the previous dream sequence. At the reunion, Romy has begun to spread her story, Heather Mooney disrupts their lie by revealing the real name of the person who did in fact invent Post-It notes. The A-Group girls begin a vicious attack on Romy
21.
A Night at the Roxbury
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A Night at the Roxbury is a 1998 American comedy film based on a recurring skit on televisions long-running Saturday Night Live called The Roxbury Guys. Saturday Night Live regulars Will Ferrell, Chris Kattan, Molly Shannon, Mark McKinney, other roles include Jennifer Coolidge as a police officer, Chazz Palminteris uncredited role as gregarious night club impresario Mr. Benny Zadir, and Colin Quinn as his bodyguard Dooey. Ex-SNLer Mark McKinney has a cameo as a priest officiating a wedding and their goal is to party at the Roxbury, a fabled Los Angeles nightclub where they are continually denied entry by a hulking bouncer. By day, the work at an artificial plant store owned by their wealthy father. The store shares a wall with a lighting emporium owned by Fred Sanderson, Mr. Butabi and Mr. Sanderson hope that Steve and Emily, Sandersons daughter, will marry, uniting the families and the businesses to form the first plant-lamp emporium. After a day at the beach the brothers decide that night was to be the night they would finally get into the Roxbury, returning home, Doug gets into a heated argument with their father about going out clubbing instead of staying home. Their father has planned a party with Emily and her parents. The angered Mr. Butabi then refuses them access to their BMW car and they are given enormous cell phones by their mother, Barbara, and allowed use of the fake-plant stores delivery van, but they are immediately rejected once again by the doorman. After discovering they might bribe their way into the club, the drive around looking for an ATM. They get into a fender-bender with Richard Grieco and, to avoid a lawsuit, there, they meet the owner of the Roxbury, Benny Zadir, who listens to their idea for their own nightclub. He likes them and sets up a meeting with them for the next day, the brothers also meet a pair of women at the Roxbury, Vivica and Cambi, who see them talking to Zadir and think that the brothers are rich. The women later sleep with Doug and Steve, leading the brothers to think they are in serious relationships. On the way to the after-party at Mr. Zadirs house, as revenge, the next day, Dooey refuses them entry into Zadirs office for their meeting. He tells the brothers that Zadir was drunk out of his mind last night, in reality, Zadir wanted to see them, but does not have their contact information. Vivica and Cambi break up with the Butabi brothers after realizing they are not actually wealthy, afterwards, the brothers argue over who is at fault for their sudden misfortune and Doug moves out of their shared bedroom and into the guest house. Meanwhile, Steve is forced into an engagement with Emily by his father, the wedding is held in the backyard of the Butabi residence, but is interrupted by Doug. Afterwards, Grieco talks to Mr. Butabi to help him understand that Steve was not ready for marriage, after the Butabi brothers reconcile with their father and Doug moves back into their bedroom, the film ends as the brothers happen upon a hot new club. Attempting to enter, they are surprised to find their names already on the VIP list, in addition, Zadir reveals that to reward their idea, he has made them part-owners of the club
22.
Step by Step (TV series)
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During the series seven-season run, the main cast changed as the storyline progressed. Franks nephew Cody Lambert was introduced early in the first season as a character and lived in his van in the familys driveway. In the 1994–95 season finale, Carol gave birth to a daughter named Lilly, like many other sitcom babies, Lilly was suddenly aged five years in the sixth season, after having spent the entire fifth season depicted as a baby. In the shows season, J. T. s friend Rich Halke moved in with J. T. Meanwhile J. T. meets the woman of his dreams Samantha and they date off and on for seasons six, also in season six Carol gets a partner, Jean-Luc Rieupeyroux, at her hair salon. In season seven son Brendan is written out of the show as is Jean-Luc, eventually, with Franks help, she opens a bigger studio at a stand-alone location in the shows sixth season. Dana Foster – Dana is Carols eldest daughter, who is depicted as a smart and she is often seen being openly hostile to the Lamberts, particularly J. T. Frank, and Cody. She and J. T. generally do not get along, Karen Foster – Karen is the middle child of the Foster family. She is a model and sometimes a country singer, and is portrayed as vain and not very bright. Mark Foster – Carols only son and the youngest child in the family, Frank Lambert – Frank is the patriarch of the Lambert family, and works as a contractor with his own company. He is laidback and a sports fan, particularly of the Green Bay Packers. He resents his new members, particularly Dana, whom he often calls Barky. Alicia Al Lambert – Al is Franks only daughter, who is depicted as a tomboyish all-American girl and she is typically addressed by her nickname, the more masculine name Al, and is rarely referred to as Alicia. Several episodes during the seventh and final season centered on her newfound interest in acting and she is openly hostile towards Dana, Karen and Mark. Brendan Lambert – Brendan is the youngest of Franks three children, who is portrayed as a shy, carefree youngster, and one of the most accepting of his new family. Brendan appeared less and less as the show progressed, especially after Lilly was introduced in the four episode A Foster/Lambert Production. Actor Josh Byrne appeared on television series Whos The Boss. and he portrays the younger version of Billy Crystals character in Mr. Saturday Night, which also features Jason Marsden, who later appears in later run of the series. Cody Lambert – Franks nephew, who appears as a recurring cast member in season one, sporting a crew cut and a Valley teen accent and vocabulary, Cody often shows maturity and intelligence belying his dimwitted nature
23.
Bill Nye the Science Guy
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Bill Nye the Science Guy is an American half-hour live action science program that originally aired from September 10,1993, to June 20,1998, and was hosted by Bill Nye. The show aired on PBS on October 10,1994 to March 1,1999 and was syndicated to local stations. The show aired for a total of 100 half-hour episodes spanning over five seasons, nyes TV persona is a tall and slender scientist wearing a blue lab coat and a bow-tie. He combines the science of everyday things with fast-paced action. Each half-hour show begins with an open, where Nye was introducing the episodes topic. In later seasons, the song was cut short by a static screen. After the opening credits, announcer Pat Cashman would say Brought to you by, parodies of movies and television shows configure the facts of the episodes topic. Each episode also featured Nye in diverse places, focusing on the episodes topic, where an interesting factoid related to the episodes topic was presented. Luna Van Dyke, Private Detective was one of the segments on the show. The segments feature private detective Luna Van Dyke focusing on the story that is related to the episodes topic, most half-hour episodes contain a mock song parody and music video in the Soundtrack of Science by Not That Bad Records. Not that bad is a catchphrase that Nye will often say in those episodes and this is usually the last segment of each episode. Each half-hour show ends with Nye saying, Well, thats our show, if youll excuse me, Ive got some. Before explaining his departure in a description of an activity on topic. After that, an announcer says Produced in association with the National Science Foundation. The credits sometimes rolled next to a series of outtakes from the episode, other times, outtakes are shown at the time they actually happened. Aside from Nye himself, one of the things about Bill Nye the Science Guy is its theme song. An electric guitar riff is heard during the theme song. The sound and speed fluctuations of the voice were accomplished through a vocoder, Nye, McKenna and Gottlieb all met while McKenna was a producer on Almost Live
24.
Audition Online
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Audition Online, also known as X-BEAT in Japan and popularly called AyoDance in Indonesia, is a free-to-play multiplayer online casual rhythm game produced by T3 Entertainment. It was originally released in South Korea in 2006 and has been localized by various publishers around the world, Audition Online is free to play, but earns revenue by selling virtual items such as clothes for the players avatar. Audition Online was first released for the South Korean region in 2006 and it was then expanded to other regions, such as the South Eastern Asian region, the Vietnamese region and the Indonesian region in 2006. A player is allowed to create a room or join a room, the DJ is given power to choose the settings for the room, song, chance, and game mode. The songs BPM usually will determine the difficulty and speed. While the DJ has the power to kick out of the room and close the dance floor off. After all, the most appealing part of the game is its social aspect, the basic game is played by pressing the arrows displayed on the screen and pressing the spacebar or the control key on every 4th beat of the song. The more accurately the spacebar or control key is pressed, the higher the score, if a player receives a MISS, he will not get the chance to play for the next move. The Finish Move, a move during most gameplay modes. If a person does not miss the move before the Finish Move, Finish moves issue a lot of points and can often be the key to success. When a player does 2 or more PERFECTs consecutively, he will get points for doing so. These PERFECT combos enable players to interfere with the opposition, a blue circle indicates that you made a PERFECT in your move and acts as a shield. When a player performs a PERFECT X1 they will make either the player ahead or behind them receive a yellow circle, while under the yellow circle, a person will not receive points if he does not achieve a PERFECT. Players can increase their score by playing chance, chance can be activated by pressing the delete key or the. Key on the number pad whereby red keys appear and players have to press in the direction of the red keys. At the end of the battle, the person with the most points is the winner. The player will have his character presented at the front of the stage, each player will receive experience points and Den/BEATS according to what position they finished in. If a single/group game is full, an event may occur
25.
3rd Rock from the Sun
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3rd Rock from the Sun is an American sitcom that aired from 1996 to 2001 on NBC. The show is about four extraterrestrials who are on an expedition to Earth, the extraterrestrials pose as a human family to observe the behavior of human beings. Humor was principally derived from the attempts to study human society and, because of their living as humans themselves while on Earth. This show reflects human life from the perspective of aliens and many sources of humor are from the experiences the alien characters have. Most of the episodes are named after the protagonist Dick, in later episodes, they are more accustomed to Earth and often are more interested in their human lives than in their mission. Dr. Mary Albright is a professor of anthropology at Pendelton State University, furthermore, these four alien researchers end up looking more or less like joyriders as they get drawn further and further into human life. Dick Solomon, the High Commander and leader of the expedition, is the provider as a physics professor at Pendelton. The show also involves their relationships with humans, mostly their love interests, the family often communicates through Harry with their off-world boss, the Big Giant Head, who when he finally visits Earth, appears in the body of William Shatner. Harry unexpectedly stands up, his arms stiff, and proclaims and their original forms, for example, are described as nonsexual, with reproduction a matter of sending packets of genetic material to each other in the mail. Leaders like the Big Giant Head are unelected and assumed infallible, the upshot is that living in an Earth culture provides the Solomons with an almost intolerable degree of emotional stimulation and conflict. Although they are ill-equipped to handle such an emotional maelstrom, they love it, several episodes feature send-ups of TV and films. For example, in the episode Dicks Big Giant Headache, both Dick and the Big Giant Head mention seeing something on the wing of the plane after having traveled by airline. That was a nod to both Lithgow and Shatner having played the role of the passenger who sees a gremlin on the wing in The Twilight Zone. Occasionally, references would be made to specific features of the abilities and of their experiences on their own world. The theme of the idiot savant repeatedly resurfaces, since each member of the family makes up for their extreme naïveté with some special skill owing to their alien nature. A segment from an episode has him reading a passage from A Brief History of Time and laughing at Stephen Hawkings description of virtual particles quipping, These Earth people will swallow anything. Even so, Dick is often shown as the member of the family with the least to recommend in terms of his ability, leading them to question his right to command. Sally, for instance, is depicted as not only having an attractive body, but also being amazingly physically strong and fit, able to fight and defeat large groups of men much larger than her
26.
Ricky Martin
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Enrique Martín Morales, commonly known as Ricky Martin, is a Puerto Rican singer, actor and author. Martin began his career at age twelve with the pop group Menudo. After five years with the group, he released several Spanish-language solo albums throughout the 1990s and he also acted on stage and on TV in Mexico, becoming a modest star in the country. In 1994 he starred on the American TV soap opera General Hospital, since its release, the song has sold over 8 million copies, making it one of the best selling singles of all time. His first English-language album, has sold 22 million copies and is one of the best selling albums of all time. His other studio albums include, Me Amarás, A Medio Vivir, Vuelve, Sound Loaded, Almas del Silencio, Life, Música + Alma + Sexo, and A Quien Quiera Escuchar. Martin was born on December 24,1971, in San Juan, Puerto Rico, the son of Nereida Morales, an accountant, and Enrique Martín Negroni and he was the second youngest sibling. Martin has two older maternal half-brothers, Fernando and Ángel Fernández, and two older paternal half-brothers, Eric and Daniel Martín, and a younger paternal half-sister Vanessa Martín. Martin in an interview with Vanity Fair described his origins as Spanish, with Basque and Jewish ancestry from his great-grandparents, Martin grew up in a Roman Catholic home and was an altar boy throughout his childhood. His mothers side of the family was musically inclined and his grandfather was a poet. In a year and a half, he starred in eleven commercials, after achieving a small amount of fame in Puerto Rico for his work in television commercials, Martin auditioned for membership in Puerto Rican boy band Menudo. Although the executives enjoyed his dancing and singing at his first two auditions, Martin was rejected because he was too short, by the third audition, his persistence impressed executives and in 1984, twelve-year-old Martin became a member. The song Asignatura Pendiente from Almas del Silencio was inspired by the first time Martin left Puerto Rico to tour with Menudo. He considered leaving the group while on tour in Brazil, but ultimately decided to out of fear of media backlash. Martin also began struggling with his sexuality, noting the stark contrast between his status as a sex symbol and his own emotions, despite this, Martin acknowledged his opportunity to have so many amazing experiences with so many amazing people during his time with the group. He developed an interest in philanthropy when the group became UNICEF ambassadors and his experiences as an ambassador affected him greatly and inspired him to continue working with charities later in life. By 1987, Menudos record sales began to decline and the changed its image, adopting an edgier look. The band released the album Somos Los Hijos del Rock in Spanish, and to appeal to the Menudos Filipino fanbase, after recording eleven albums with the group, Martin left Menudo in July 1989 at age seventeen, hoping to rest and evaluate his career path
27.
Inna
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Elena Alexandra Apostoleanu, known professionally as Inna, is a Romanian singer and songwriter. Born in Mangalia and raised in Neptun, she studied science at the Ovidius University before meeting Romanian trio Play & Win. She adopted the stage name Alessandra in 2008 and approached a pop-rock style, later that year she changed her name to Inna. Hot, her single, was a commercial success worldwide. She signed a deal with Ultra Records in April 2009. Her first studio album of the name followed in August 2009 and it was awarded with Gold. The singers second record, I Am the Club Rocker, was honored as one of years best albums by her label Roton. The track won the Eurodanceweb Award, making Inna the only Romanian artist to achieve this performance and her follow-up studio album Party Never Ends was nominated two years in a row for Best Album at the Romanian Music Awards and reached the top 10 in Mexico. In 2014, Inna signed with Atlantic Records and released a successful collaboration with J Balvin on Cola Song. With global album sales of four million from her first three albums, as of March 2016, Inna is one of the best-selling Romanian artists. She won various awards and nominations, including at the Balkan Music Awards, European Border Breakers Award, MTV Europe Music Awards, the singer is also a human rights activist, supporting the LGBT community and taking part in various campaigns against violence. Elena Alexandra Apostoleanu was born on 16 October 1986 in Mangalia and was raised in Neptun and her mother, grandmother and grandfather were occasional singers, and she showed interest to music because of her familys influence on her. When she was a teenager, Inna listened to a variety of musical genres including electro house and europop. She went to the Colegiul Economic in Mangalia and later studied political science at the Ovidius University in Constanţa, in meantime, she took singing lessons and participated at various music festivals. After Inna unsuccessfully attended auditions for Romanian band A. S. I. A, she worked as a assistant in Neptun. During a time the singer worked in an office, her manager heard her singing, to promote her participation, she performed Goodbye live on the primetime TV show Teo. as her first televised appearance. Later that year, she changed her name to Inna as it was easy to memorize. In the beginning of her career, she primarily released pop-rock songs, during an interview for News of the World, Inna cited Swedish House Mafia, The Black Eyed Peas, and Jessie J as her later inspirations
28.
Sam Feldt
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Sammy Renders, known by his stage name Sam Feldt, is a Dutch DJ and deep house music producer, based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. In 2015, he released a remake of Robin S. Show Me Love, the track was released by Spinnin Records and Polydor. It became an hit, peaking at number 4 on the UK Singles Chart, in Australia, Show Me Love was certified gold. In Belgium, Feldts track reached 15 and 13 on Billboards Dance/Electronic Songs chart, in 2016 Sam Feldt released the song Summer on You together with Lucas & Steve, and Feldts first cousin Abraham Serouya, who is currently studying musical engineering at NYU. After reaching the number 4 spot in the Dutch Top 40, shortly after the release of Summer on You, the track was awarded with a Platinum award in the Netherlands. Feldt was ranked on DJ Magazines list of the Top 100 DJs of 2016 at 87, billboard described Feldt as a modern house superstar, and his treatment of Show Me Love as Anne reshapes the famous melody, while Feldt echoes the original with a bubbly deep house beat. The single The Devils Tears was one of Spotifys top 10 most viral tracks
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ARIA Charts
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The ARIA Charts are the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association. The charts are a record of the highest selling singles and albums in various genres in Australia, ARIA became the official Australian music chart in June 1988, succeeding the Kent Music Report which had been Australias national charts since 1974. The Go-Set charts were Australias first national singles and albums charts published from 5 October 1966 until 24 August 1974, succeeding Go-Set, the Kent Music Report began issuing the national top 100 charts in Australia from May 1974. The compiler, David Kent, also published Australias national charts from 1940–1974 in a retrospective fashion using state based data, in mid 1983, the Australian Recording Industry Association commenced licensing the Kent Music Report chart. The first printed national top 50 chart available in record stores, ARIA began compiling its own charts in-house from the chart dated week ending 26 June 1988. Various artists compilation albums were included in the albums chart, as they had been on the Kent Report chart, until 2 July 1989. The ARIA Report, detailing the top 100 singles and albums charts, was first available via subscription in January 1990, the printed top 50 chart ceased publication in June 1998, but resumed publication later in the year. The printed top 50 chart again ceased publication at the end of 2000, the ARIA charts are based on data collected from physical and digital retailers in Australia. Data of physical sales come from such as Sanity and JB Hi-Fi, while data of digital sales come from online retailers such as iTunes, Bandit FM, GetMusic. Since 17 February 1997, all physical sales data contributing towards the chart has been recorded electronically at point of sale. In March 1991, Do the Bartman by The Simpsons was the first single to reach #1 in Australia that was not available on 7 inch vinyl, but cassingle only. Starting from 8 October 2006, due to low physical single sales at the time, in 2006, it was announced that the Brazin retailing group, comprising major retailers HMV, Sanity and Virgin music/DVD stores would no longer contribute sales data to the ARIA charts. However, after an absence, Brazin reportedly re-commenced contributing sales figures to the ARIA Charts on 26 November 2006. The ARIA website publishes the top 50 singles and albums charts, top 40 digital tracks chart, the ARIA Report lists all charts in full and is available via paid e-mail subscription each week. These reports are uploaded to the Pandora Archive periodically, on 5 February 2006, the ARIA Chart Show was a radio program launched on the Nova network and broadcast throughout Australia, playing the official ARIA top 50 singles. The live music program was hosted by Jabba each Sunday afternoon at 3, the show was aired before the top 50 chart, dated for the following Monday, is published on the ARIA website at 6,00 pm. The charts were published online at 6,00 pm each Sunday. The diamond certification was created for albums in November 2015 to mark 500,000 sales/shipments, for music DVDs, a gold accreditation originally represented 7,500 copies shipped, with a platinum accreditation representing 15,000 units shipped. co. uk
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