1.
Geneva
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Geneva is the second most populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situated where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic, the municipality has a population of 198,072, and the canton has 484,736 residents. In 2014, the compact agglomération du Grand Genève had 946,000 inhabitants in 212 communities in both Switzerland and France, within Swiss territory, the commuter area named Métropole lémanique contains a population of 1.25 million. This area is essentially spread east from Geneva towards the Riviera area and north-east towards Yverdon-les-Bains, Geneva is the city that hosts the highest number of international organizations in the world. It is also the place where the Geneva Conventions were signed, Geneva was ranked as the worlds ninth most important financial centre for competitiveness by the Global Financial Centres Index, ahead of Frankfurt, and third in Europe behind London and Zürich. A2009 survey by Mercer found that Geneva has the third-highest quality of life of any city in the world, the city has been referred to as the worlds most compact metropolis and the Peace Capital. In 2009 and 2011, Geneva was ranked as, respectively, the city was mentioned in Latin texts, by Caesar, with the spelling Genava, probably from a Celtic toponym *genawa- from the stem *genu-, in the sense of a bending river or estuary. The medieval county of Geneva in Middle Latin was known as pagus major Genevensis or Comitatus Genevensis, the name takes various forms in modern languages, Geneva /dʒᵻˈniːvə/ in English, French, Genève, German, Genf, Italian, Ginevra, and Romansh, Genevra. The city in origin shares its name, *genawa estuary, with the Italian port city of Genoa, Geneva was an Allobrogian border town, fortified against the Helvetii tribe, when the Romans took it in 121 BC. It became Christian under the Late Roman Empire, and acquired its first bishop in the 5th century, having been connected to the bishopric of Vienne in the 4th. In the Middle Ages, Geneva was ruled by a count under the Holy Roman Empire until the late 14th century, around this time the House of Savoy came to dominate the city. In the 15th century, a republican government emerged with the creation of the Grand Council. In 1541, with Protestantism in the ascendancy, John Calvin, by the 18th century, however, Geneva had come under the influence of Catholic France, which cultivated the city as its own. France also tended to be at odds with the ordinary townsfolk, in 1798, revolutionary France under the Directory annexed Geneva. At the end of the Napoleonic Wars, on 1 June 1814, in 1907, the separation of Church and State was adopted. Geneva flourished in the 19th and 20th centuries, becoming the seat of international organizations. Geneva is located at 46°12 North, 6°09 East, at the end of Lake Geneva. It is surrounded by two chains, the Alps and the Jura
2.
Switzerland
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Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in western-Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km2. The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the medieval period, resulting from a series of military successes against Austria. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The country has a history of armed neutrality going back to the Reformation, it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815, nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. In addition to being the birthplace of the Red Cross, Switzerland is home to international organisations. On the European level, it is a member of the European Free Trade Association. However, it participates in the Schengen Area and the European Single Market through bilateral treaties, spanning the intersection of Germanic and Romance Europe, Switzerland comprises four main linguistic and cultural regions, German, French, Italian and Romansh. Due to its diversity, Switzerland is known by a variety of native names, Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera. On coins and stamps, Latin is used instead of the four living languages, Switzerland is one of the most developed countries in the world, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest per capita gross domestic product according to the IMF. Zürich and Geneva have each been ranked among the top cities in the world in terms of quality of life, with the former ranked second globally, according to Mercer. The English name Switzerland is a compound containing Switzer, a term for the Swiss. The English adjective Swiss is a loan from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, the Swiss began to adopt the name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499, used alongside the term for Confederates, Eidgenossen, used since the 14th century. The data code for Switzerland, CH, is derived from Latin Confoederatio Helvetica. The toponym Schwyz itself was first attested in 972, as Old High German Suittes, ultimately related to swedan ‘to burn’
3.
Watch
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A watch is a small timepiece intended to be carried or worn by a person. It is designed to keep working despite the motions caused by the persons activities, a wristwatch is designed to be worn around the wrist, attached by a watch strap or other type of bracelet. A pocket watch is designed for a person to carry in a pocket, watches evolved in the 17th century from spring-powered clocks, which appeared as early as the 14th century. During most of its history the watch was a device, driven by clockwork, powered by winding a mainspring. In the 1960s the electronic quartz watch was invented, which was powered by a battery, by the 1980s the quartz watch had taken over most of the market from the mechanical watch. Today most inexpensive and medium-priced watches, used mainly for timekeeping, have quartz movements, various extra features, called complications, such as moon-phase displays and the different types of tourbillon, are sometimes included. Modern watches often display the day, date, month and year, time-related features such as timers, chronographs and alarm functions are common. Some modern designs incorporate calculators, GPS and Bluetooth technology or have heart-rate monitoring capabilities, some watches use radio clock technology to regularly correct the time. Developments in the 2010s include smartwatches, which are elaborate computer-like electronic devices designed to be worn on a wrist and they generally incorporate timekeeping functions, but these are only small fractions of what the smartwatch can do. The study of timekeeping is known as horology, watches evolved from portable spring-driven clocks, which first appeared in 15th century Europe. Watches werent widely worn in pockets until the 17th century, one account says that the word watch came from the Old English word woecce which meant watchman, because it was used by town watchmen to keep track of their shifts at work. Another says that the term came from 17th century sailors, who used the new mechanisms to time the length of their shipboard watches, the increased accuracy of the balance wheel focused attention on errors caused by other parts of the movement, igniting a two-century wave of watchmaking innovation. The first thing to be improved was the escapement, the verge escapement was replaced in quality watches by the cylinder escapement, invented by Thomas Tompion in 1695 and further developed by George Graham in the 1720s. The British had predominated in watch manufacture for much of the 17th and 18th centuries, aaron Lufkin Dennison started a factory in 1851 in Massachusetts that used interchangeable parts, and by 1861 it was running a successful enterprise incorporated as the Waltham Watch Company. The concept of the wristwatch goes back to the production of the very earliest watches in the 16th century, elizabeth I of England received a wristwatch from Robert Dudley in 1571, described as an arm watch. The oldest surviving wristwatch is one made in 1806 and given to Joséphine de Beauharnais, from the beginning, wrist watches were almost exclusively worn by women, while men used pocket-watches up until the early 20th century. The Garstin Company of London patented a Watch Wristlet design in 1893, officers in the British Army began using wristwatches during colonial military campaigns in the 1880s, such as during the Anglo-Burma War of 1885. In continental Europe Girard-Perregaux and other Swiss watch makers began supplying German naval officers with wrist watches in about 1880 and these early models were essentially standard pocket-watches fitted to a leather strap but, by the early 20th century, manufacturers began producing purpose-built wristwatches
4.
Swiss made
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Swiss made is a label used to indicate that a product was made in Switzerland. From 2017, the criteria are, For food products, 80% of the weight of the raw materials. For industrial products, 60% of the costs and the essential manufacturing step must occur in Switzerland. For services, the headquarters and administration must be located in Switzerland. The wording was adopted in the late 19th century and is unique in that most other countries use the phrase Made in. The most obvious place where the label is found is on Swiss watches, the Swiss laws permit the use of the words Suisse, produit suisse, fabriqué en Suisse, qualité suisse or the translations, Swiss, Swiss Made, or Swiss Movement. On some older watches, for example, the word Swiss appears alone on the dial at the six oclock position, there are two discrete sections of the Swiss law that pertain to the use of the name Swiss made. The first law, which applies to all types of Swiss products, is the Loi sur la protection des marques, the text of either law is available in French, German or Italian, since those are the principal official languages of Switzerland. Currently the aforementioned Swiss legal standards permit watch brands or watchmakers to label watches Swiss Made under certain defined circumstances. These standards have changed over time and were not always codified in the national law, on the other hand, they might well exceed the current legal definition of Swiss made. Indeed, the current law of the applicability of Swiss made was codified on December 23,1971, thereafter, the law defines a Swiss watch, the definition of which is dependent on certain aspects of its movement. The law then goes on to define under what circumstances a watch movement may be considered Swiss made. The law then sets forth the conditions for the use of the name Swiss on watches, on cases, on watch movements, on watch dials. The pertinent parts of the law are digested below, in sum, a watch is considered Swiss whose movement is encased in Switzerland and whose final control by the Manufacture dhorlogerie takes place in Switzerland. Often the Swissness of a watch is largely dependent on the brand and its reputation and for reason, among others. The Swiss Federal Council modified the ordinance regulating the use of the Swiss name for watches in 1995 and this revision was explained in a press release entitled Des composants étrangers pour les montres. From 1 January 2017, the law set the minimum at 60 percent, a watch that says Swiss Quartz is considered to be a proper Swiss watch. However, it is improperly used by foreign manufacturers to merely indicate that the quartz movement is of Swiss origin
5.
Baselworld
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Baselworld Watch and Jewellery Show is a trade show of the international watch and jewellery industry, organized each spring in the city of Basel, Switzerland. The history of the dates back to 1917 with the opening of the first Schweizer Mustermesse Basel, of which a section was devoted to watches. •1925, muba invited several watch manufacturers •1931, The Schweizer Uhrenmesse was first held in a dedicated pavilion, •1953, The completion of Hall 2 ends with the installation of the monumental clock. •1957, Construction of Hall 6, •1964, Construction of Hall 3, opposite Hall 1. •1972, Baselworld became Europes Meeting Place, with exhibitors from France, Italy, Germany, •1973, First European Exhibition of Watchmaking and Jewellery. •1983, The fair is simply renamed BASEL and the two figures of the vintage are added, BASEL83 is thus the name of the first edition under this new name. •1984, For the first time, BASEL stands independent of the Muba, the Congress Center opens next door to the Swissôtel. •1986, This is the first edition to host exhibitors from non-European countries, a status it has kept until today. •1995, The show was renamed BASEL95 - The World Watch, Clock, •1999, An additional 38,000 m² of exhibition space has been set up in Hall 1, allowing the construction of three-storey stands. The show is now more precisely structured, with brands regrouping, •2003, The show is renamed Baselworld, The Watch and Jewellery Show. The construction of the 32 floor Tower of the Fair is completed, •2004, A new hall complex is inaugurated, the Hall of Universe houses the national pavilions, especially from Asia. •2007, For the first time, Baselworld crosses the threshold of 100,000 visitors from more than 100 different countries. •2013, The inauguration of the new Hall 1, conceived by the Basel architectural firm Herzog & de Meuron, within this new hall, most exhibitors create impressive new stands, which consolidate the future of Baselworld. •2014, Baselworld further affirms its new identity, the show anticipates an increase in the total number of visitors, especially from abroad. It is now one of the largest media gatherings in the world, confirming its position as the most important event for the watch, Baselworld official website Baselworld Event Coverage on DreamChrono Watch Blog Video of the Baselworld 2014
6.
Gucci
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Gucci is an Italian luxury brand of fashion and leather goods, part of the Gucci Group, which is owned by the French holding company Kering. Gucci was founded by Guccio Gucci in Florence in 1921, Gucci is also the biggest-selling Italian brand. Gucci operates about 278 directly operated stores worldwide as of September 2009, in the year 2013, the brand was valued at US$12.1 billion, with sales of US$4.7 billion. In the Forbes Worlds Most Valuable Brands list, Gucci is ranked the 38th most valuable brand, as of January 2015, the creative director is Alessandro Michele. With beginnings at the end of the 19th century, the Gucci company became one of the world’s most successful manufacturers of leather goods, clothing. As an immigrant hotel worker in Paris and later London, young Guccio Gucci was impressed with the luggage he saw urbane guests bring with them. Before leaving, he visited the manufacturer, H. J. Cave & Sons, upon returning to his birthplace of Florence, a city distinguished for high-quality materials and skilled artisans, he established a shop in 1920 that sold fine leather goods with classic styling. Although Gucci organized his workrooms for industrial methods of production, he maintained traditional aspects of fabrication, initially, Gucci employed skilled workers in basic Florentine leather crafts, attentive to finishing. With expansion, machine stitching was a method that supported construction. Together with three of his sons, Aldo Gucci, Vasco Gucci, and Rodolfo Gucci, Gucci expanded the company to include stores in Milan and Rome as well as additional shops in Florence. Guccis stores featured such finely crafted leather accessories as handbags, shoes, the company made handbags of cotton canvas rather than leather during World War II as a result of material shortages. The canvas, however, was distinguished by a signature double-G symbol combined with prominent red, after the war, the Gucci crest, which showed a shield and armored knight surrounded by a ribbon inscribed with the family name, became synonymous with the city of Florence. Aldo and Rodolfo Gucci further expanded the horizons in 1953 by establishing offices in New York City. Film stars and jet-set travelers to Italy during the 1950s and 1960s brought their glamour to Florence, movie stars posed in Guccis clothing, accessories, and footwear for lifestyle magazines around the world, contributing to the company’s growing reputation. Guccis distinctive lines made its products among the most frequently copied in the world in the early 2000s, pigskin, calf, and imported exotic animal skins were subjected to various methods of fabrication. Waterproof canvas and satin were used for evening bags, bamboo was first used to make handbag handles by a process of heating and molding in 1947, and purses made with a shoulder strap and snaffle-bit decoration were introduced in 1960. In 1964 Gucci’s lush butterfly pattern was custom-created for silk foulards, the original Gucci loafer was updated by a distinctive snaffle-bit ornament in 1966, while the Rolls-Royce luggage set was introduced in 1970. Watches, jewelry, ties, and eyewear were then added to the product lines
7.
Kuala Lumpur
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Kuala Lumpur, officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, or more commonly called KL is the national capital of Malaysia as well as its largest city. Being rated as an Alpha world city, Kuala Lumpur is the global city in Malaysia which covers an area of 243 km2 and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017. It is among the fastest growing regions in South-East Asia, in terms of population. Kuala Lumpur is the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia, the city was once home to the executive and judicial branches of the federal government, but they were moved to Putrajaya in early 1999. Some sections of the judiciary still remain in the city of Kuala Lumpur. The official residence of the Malaysian King, the Istana Negara, is situated in Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial and economic centre of Malaysia due to its position as the capital as well as being a key city. Kuala Lumpur is one of three Federal Territories of Malaysia, enclaved within the state of Selangor, on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Since the 1990s, the city has played host to international sporting, political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games. Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and it is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world, the Petronas Twin Towers, which have become an iconic symbol of Malaysias futuristic development. Kuala Lumpur means muddy confluence, kuala is the point where two rivers join together or an estuary, and lumpur means mud. One suggestion is that it was named after Sungai Lumpur, it was recorded in 1824 that Sungei Lumpoor was the most important tin-producing settlement up the Klang River. It has also proposed that Kuala Lumpur was originally named Pengkalan Lumpur in the same way that Klang was once called Pengkalan Batu. Another suggestion is that it was initially a Cantonese word lam-pa meaning flooded jungle or decayed jungle, there is however no firm contemporary evidence for these suggestions other than anecdotes. It is also possible that the name is a form of an earlier. It is unknown who founded or named the settlement called Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur was originally a small hamlet of just a few houses and shops at the confluence of Sungai Gombak and Sungai Klang before it grew into a town. The miners landed at Kuala Lumpur and continued their journey on foot to Ampang where the first mine was opened
8.
Raja Permaisuri Agong
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Raja Permaisuri Agong is the title given to the consort of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the elected, constitutional head of state of Malaysia. There is currently no Raja Permaisuri Agong, as the current and 15th Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Malay word permaisuri is derived from Tamil பரமேஸ்வரி, from Sanskrit परमेश्वरी, supreme lady. The Raja Permaisuri Agong immediately follows her husband, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected every five years among the nine hereditary rulers of the states of Malaysia. When a ruler is elected as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, his consort automatically becomes the Raja Permaisuri Agong. In effect, the holder of the title of Raja Permaisuri Agong changes every five years, like many spouses of heads of state, the Raja Permaisuri Agong has no stipulated role in the Constitution of Malaysia. She accompanies the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to official functions and state visits, as well as hosting visiting heads of state, article 34 of the Malaysian Constitution forbids the Raja Permaisuri Agong from holding any appointment carrying any remuneration or actively engaging in any commercial enterprise. The Raja Permaisuri Agong is, however, legally entitled to a payment which is included in the Civil List of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. Previous holders of the title of Raja Permaisuri Agong whose husbands are deceased receive a pension from the Federal Governments Civil List, the following consorts have served as Raja Permaisuri Agong,1. ^ Tuanku Abdul Halim is the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong to reign twice. Sultanah Haminah has been his wife since 1975. Yang di-Pertuan Agong Royal Regalia of Malaysia Yang di-Pertuan Negara Malay titles Elective monarchy
9.
Sultanah Nur Zahirah
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Sultanah Nur Zahirah is the current Sultanah of Terengganu. She was the 13th Raja Permaisuri Agong of Malaysia from 2006 to 2011 and she married Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu on 28 March 1996 in Kuala Terengganu. She was then known as Cik Puan Sri Rozita Adil Bakeri and she was accorded the title Permaisuri Nur Zahirah on 19 July 1998, after Tuanku Mizan was proclaimed the Sultan of Terengganu. Later, her title was changed to Sultanah Nur Zahirah on 5 June 2006 in accordance with the Sultans wishes. The most recent dignitary title awarded to Her Majesty Seri Paduka Baginda Raja Permaisuri Agong was the Darjah Utama Seri Mahkota Negara - Grand Order of Nation Crown on 5 April 2007, the royal couple have four children, Yang Amat Mulia Tengku Nadhirah Zaharah. Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Tengku Muhammad Ismail, the Crown Prince, Yang Amat Mulia Tengku Muhammad Mua′az. Yang Amat Mulia Tengku Fatimatuz Zahra, the Queen loves interior decoration and does much of the interior design at the palace. She loves to cook, especially dishes that are the favourites of her husband, Tuanku Nur Zahirah also loves to read books, specially concerning intelligence quotient and emotional quotient. The Sultanah is also interested in arts, as the activity keeps a person body fit. She spends her time by taking part in exercises such as aerobics. She also likes sports, such as endurance horse riding. The Sultanah is her husband’s number one supporter when he takes part in races locally or overseas. The list of generosity of the Seri Paduka Baginda Tuanku includes involving herself with programmes to assist the poor and her Majesty is the patron of various organisations, uniformed bodies and educational institutions in the Terengganu State. The organisations under the Sultanah consist of, Majlis Kebajikan dan Pembangunan Masyarakat, persatuan Ibu Bapa dan Guru SK Pusat Bukit Besar, Terengganu. Her Majesty is also the Chancellor of Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, another important accomplishment is the Tadika An Nur, a well established pre-school in Terengganu pioneered by Seri Paduka Baginda Tuanku. This pre-school prospered when she planned to give a form of education for her children. She is currently the Patron of Tadika An Nur which has now opened to the public. 7 February 1973 -18 July 1998, Cik Rozita binti Adil Bakeri,19 July 1998 -4 June 2006, Her Royal Highness Tuanku Nur Zahirah, The Permaisuri of Terengganu
10.
Malaysia
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Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government, with a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia, located in the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth, with large numbers of endemic species. Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, the first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946, Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia, less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a role in politics. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with minorities of Malaysian Chinese, Malaysian Indians. The constitution declares Islam the state religion while allowing freedom of religion for non-Muslims, the government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is the king, known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and he is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the prime minister, since its independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with its GDP growing at an average of 6. 5% per annum for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce. Today, Malaysia has a newly industrialised market economy, ranked third largest in Southeast Asia, the name Malaysia is a combination of the word Malay and the Latin-Greek suffix -sia/-σία. The word melayu in Malay may derive from the Tamil words malai and ur meaning mountain and city, land, malayadvipa was the word used by ancient Indian traders when referring to the Malay Peninsula. Whether or not it originated from these roots, the word melayu or mlayu may have used in early Malay/Javanese to mean to steadily accelerate or run. This term was applied to describe the current of the river Melayu in Sumatra. The name was adopted by the Melayu Kingdom that existed in the seventh century on Sumatra
11.
Art Deco
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Art Deco, sometimes simply referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. It took its name, short for Arts Decorators, from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes held in Paris in 1925 and it combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials. During its heyday, Art Deco represented luxury, glamour, exuberance, Art Deco was a pastiche of many different styles, sometimes contradictory, united by a desire to be modern. It featured rare and expensive materials such as ebony and ivory, the Chrysler Building and other skyscrapers of New York were the most visible monuments of the new style. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, the became more subdued. New materials arrived, including chrome plating, stainless steel and plastic, a more sleek form of the style, called Streamline Moderne, appeared in the 1930s, it featured curving forms and smooth, polished surfaces. Art Deco became one of the first truly international architectural styles, with examples found in European cities, the style came to an end with the beginning of World War II. Deco was replaced as the dominant global style by the functional and unadorned styles of modernism. The term arts décoratifs was first used in France in 1858, in 1868, Le Figaro newspaper used the term art décoratifs with respect to objects for stage scenery created for the Théâtre de lOpéra. In 1875, furniture designers, textile, jewelry and glass designers and it took its present name of ENSAD in 1927. The term Art déco was then used in a 1966 newspaper article by Hillary Gelson in the Times, describing the different styles at the exhibit. Art Deco gained currency as a broadly applied stylistic label in 1968 when historian Bevis Hillier published the first major book on the style. Hillier noted that the term was already being used by art dealers and cites The Times, in 1971, Hillier organized an exhibition at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, which he details in his book about it, The World of Art Deco. The emergence of Art Deco was closely connected with the rise in status of decorative artists, the term arts décoratifs had been invented in 1875, giving the designers of furniture, textiles, and other decoration official status. The Société des artistes décorateurs, or SAD, was founded in 1901, a similar movement developed in Italy. The first international exhibition devoted entirely to the arts, the Esposizione international dArte decorative moderna, was held in Turin in 1902. Several new magazines devoted to decorative arts were founded in Paris, including Arts et décoration, Decorative arts sections were introduced into the annual salons of the Sociéte des artistes français, and later in the Salon dautomne. French nationalism also played a part in the resurgence of decorative arts, in 1911 the SAD proposed the holding of a major new international exposition of decorative arts in 1912
12.
Tonneau
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Tonneau cover describes a hard or soft cover used to protect unoccupied passenger seats in a convertible or roadster, or the cargo bed in a pickup truck. Hard tonneau covers open by a hinging or folding mechanism while soft covers open by rolling up, the tonneau cover is used to conceal and or cover cargo. When the cover is pulled out, it keeps out of the sun. A tonneau is a rear passenger compartment, rounded like a barrel, on an automobile and, by extension. The word is French, meaning cask, most tonneau covers were fixed in place as an optional element at purchase, but some could be removed as on the Crestmobile or the two-part of the early MGB. Early tonneaus normally had a hinged door, but single. The first US side-door tonneau was made by Peerless, and others quickly followed and this led to the development of the modern sedan/saloon, with Cadillac manufacturing the first US production closed-body four-door car in 1910. When the street was muddy or dirty the car would be backed up to the curb so tonneau passengers could exit on the sidewalk, early open-bodied touring-type automobiles used tonneau covers to protect unoccupied rear seats. The skins covered gaping cockpits that would otherwise disturb airflow and create undue drag, as a result, tonneau covers are available for open sports cars such as the Porsche Boxster, MGA, Triumph, and Austin-Healey. These covers, made of leather or vinyl, cover the passenger compartment. Tonneau covers may be used in lieu of hard or soft convertible tops, as air courses over the windshield at speed, it creates turbulence as it cascades into and bounces out of the cockpit. This condition is called buffeting, and can be annoying, a tonneau cover reduces buffeting at all speeds. Heat produced by a heater leaves as that turbulence exchanges the cockpits warmer air for cooler ambient air, a tonneau cover is capable of both retaining heat and shielding a driver from UV exposure. Tonneau covers are used in utility vehicles and pickup trucks to cover and secure the truck bed, the most common style is the roll-up tonneau made from cloth or vinyl, which uses a rib-like structure to support the fabric and keep it taut. A snap-based system is used, but has become less common due to truck owners not wanting to install the snaps on their vehicle as they typically require drilling or permanent adhesive. Roll-up Tonneaus are opened by rolling the cover up toward the cab of the truck, another style of truck bed tonneau cover is a retractable unit, which is mounted at the front and sides of the bed and rolls up or retracts from the tailgate towards the cab. The retractable tonneau is typically made of vinyl, plastic or aluminum, fiberglass, hard plastic or aluminum tonneau covers are also common. Some may be painted to match the truck, are solid in construction and these covers are usually heavy and require gas struts to assist in opening and closing
13.
Bezel (jewellery)
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The bezel of a ring is a wider and usually thicker section of the hoop, which may contain a flat surface, usually with an engraved design, as in a signet ring, or a gem. The ring is worn to display the bezel on the upper or outer side of the finger. Modern bezel settings typically use a band of metal containing a groove, an extension of the word used in this sense can refer to a rotatable rim on a clock or watch used to indicate certain data such as elapsed time. In gem-cutting bezel may also refer to the faces of a cut stone round the flat table face. More broadly, bezels are found on tools and appliances and it is the diagonal face at the end of the blade of a chisel, or similar implement, leading to the edge. In vehicles, it is the part of the bodywork that surrounds a headlight or turn signal. On a cell phone, it is the surface that frames the LCD screen. In making a typical modern bezel setting the bezel is shaped into the size and shape of the gem, the prepared stone is then placed into the bezel and the metal is pressed down over the edges of stone, locking it into place. A cabochon stone, a gemstone that is not faceted, usually relies on the shallow angle cut into the side of the stone which helps the metal to stay in place. With a clear faceted stone, such as a diamond, a groove is cut into the bezel itself. The girdle or widest part of the gem stone is placed in the bezel, the pressure of the bezel over the edge of the diamond keeps it in place. Bezel settings for diamond rings are also called rub-over settings, they have a diamond completely surrounded by a metal band which fastens the diamond securely into place. Bezel settings use a type of elevated collar which wraps the rim of the diamond in a complete metal edging and this type of diamond rings setting is the most secure fastener for the stones. The bezel setting also protects the diamond better than other types of settings, a flush setting for diamond rings is a variation on the rub-over or bezel setting. In the flush setting, the stone is placed into an opening, the top of the diamond is extended above the base. The bezel setting is more secure, so the diamond is less likely to be dislodged by the wearers activity. Campbell, Gordon, Bezel, Grove Art Online, Oxford Art Online, Oxford University Press, Accessed 4 July 2013, Subscription required
14.
Eleanor Cardozo
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Eleanor Cardozo is a British artist and sculptor based in Switzerland, most known for her bronze sculptures. In 2012, she made a set of five sculptures of gymnasts which were displayed in Britain during the Olympics, Cardozo was born in London in 1965. The second of ten children, she was brought up in different countries including Malaysia, Malawi, Ghana, Cyprus, Germany. Cardozo attended St Marys School in Shaftesbury with five of her sisters and her mother taught violin and piano to all the children and her parents encouraged music and art at home. Cardozos grandmother was an artist at the Royal Academy and there were painters in her fathers family. She was interested in arts and drawing since her childhood, but when she was 15, during her school life, she also trained in gymnastics and up till the age of 17 participated in county level gymnastic competitions. Cardozo was trained in sculpture at the City and Guilds of London Art School, in 2010, she displayed a number of works at Harrods, on the invitation of Mohamed Al-Fayed. The exhibition was very popular and was extended by a month, later that year she displayed her work at the Beau-Rivage Palace hotel in Lausanne, next door to the Olympic Museum. The International Olympic Committee suggested she include her work at the London 2012 Olympics and it was dedicated to Frankie Jones, Team GB Rhythmic Gymnastics, who performed in front of the sculpture for the BBC in January 2012. Youth with a Mission subsequently commissioned a second three-metre public monument Poise for display outside Westminster Abbey, the Telegraph called her exhibition one of the most inspiring and insightful Olympics-themed exhibitions taking place in London. Hampstead Theatre requested an exhibition of Cardozos work, to coincide with their production of Chariots of Fire. For the duration of the 2012 Olympics and Paralympic Games, Cardozos sculptures were on display at Gatwick Airport, Heathrow T5, Kensington Palace Gardens, Bond Street. In 2012, Bedat & Co selected her as their ambassador, in 2013 her monument sculptures were requested for public exhibition at Knightsbridge, at the Four Seasons Hotel London at Park Lane and at Wellington Barracks and in Berkley Square. Petra Ecclestone commissioned a full body bronze sculpture which was delivered to her in January 2013, later that same year Cardozo made some sculptures for Cirque du Soleil and displayed her sculptures at the Henley Festival. She has been influenced by Michelangelo, Da Vinci and Donatello, as of November 2012, Poise is standing in front of the Palais Wilson. It was bought by the owner of the President Wilson Hotel, Charles Tamman in 2012, Cardozo is married and has three children. They lived in London till 1998 and then moved to Switzerland
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Kimora Lee Simmons
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Kimora Lee Leissner is an American fashion model and fashion designer. She took over Baby Phat after Russell Simmons and was CEO/Creative Director through 2010, Kimora Lee Perkins was born in St. Louis, Missouri. Her Japanese mother, Joanne Perkins, was adopted by an American serviceman during the Korean War and she later worked as an administrator for Social Security. He was sentenced to prison when Kimora was in school for distribution of narcotics. It was substantiated in the U. S. District Court that government agents attempted to recruit Whitlock as an informant in exchange for probation, but he vehemently refused. Consequently, he was refused probation and was taken off his $500,000 bond and was given the 24-year sentence and her parents split up and she was raised by her mother. Growing up in the northern St. Louis suburb of Florissant, Missouri, Kimora was the target of bullying and teasing, because of her height. To give her confidence because of her height, Simmonss mother enrolled her in a class when she was eleven years old. Two years later she was discovered by Marie-Christine Kollock at a Model Search in Kansas City, Simmons is a graduate of Lutheran North High School in St. Louis, Missouri. Just after her birthday, Perkins was awarded an exclusive modeling contract with Chanel. She quickly gained attention in the world when she closed Lagerfelds haute couture show in 1989. Everything people thought was weird about me before, Perkins told People Weekly, was now good, Perkins soon walked haute couture for many designers including Valentino and Yves Saint Laurent. Perkins has graced the cover of the German, Indonesian, Singaporean and Malaysian editions of Harpers Bazaar, in 2004, Simmons then husband Russell Simmons sold his clothing line Phat Farm to Kellwood Company for $140 million. It was her goal to turn fashion label Baby Phat, launched in 1999 and her high-end sportswear line, KLS, launched in Fall 2007. On September 1,2010, Simmons parted ways with Baby Phat and its management company, since the split, Simmons plans to launch her KLS collection and Kouture by Kimora Brands. She also has an exclusive brand coming to Macys that will offer stylish clothes for under $40, on September 14,2011, Simmons announced on her website that she is the new Creative Director and President of JustFab, a personalized shopping website. She ended her employment with JustFab in May 2015, in June 2015, Simmons relaunched her KLS label as a high end line, opening its first boutique in Beverly Hills. In 2016, the line began being carried at Bloomingdales in the Aventura Mall, Simmons has appeared in small roles in television and films including Beauty Shop, Brown Sugar, and Waist Deep
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Manila Standard
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Manila Standard is a broadsheet newspaper in the Philippines. It is currently owned by the Romualdez family, the Romualdezes, through former congressman Martin Romualdez, also own Journal Publications, Inc. the owner of tabloid papers Peoples Journal and Peoples Tonight. Initially established as the Manila Standard in 1987, it merged with another newspaper of record, Today, on March 6,2005, in 2015, the newspaper rebranded itself as The Standard, before reverting to its original name in 2016. The news organization maintains its quality to be one of the news sources in the Philippines. Rod Reyes, one of the newspaper columnists during the era and once manned the operations of GMA Radio Television Arts. He then invited the family of Spanish-Filipino businessman Manuel Elizalde to be the owners of this new-fledging broadsheet, initially named as Manila Standard and this was founded on February 11,1987. The offices were located at the bustling Ayala Avenue in the Makati CBD. In 1989, the group of companies owned by Andres Soriano III bought out the Elizalde group and renamed the company Kagitingan Publications, in June 1991, the group of businessman Alfonso Yuchengco bought into the company and spun off the publishing company. It was incorporated as Kamahalan Publishing Corporation, Kagitingan Publications was renamed Kagitingan Printing Press Inc. which continues to print the New Standard. Victor Agustin took over as chairman of the Editorial Board in 2008, under his term, the company formally adopted an advocacy for the environment. In 2010, just as the Aquino administration took the reins of power and this time, the Razon group sold its interest to the Romualdez group as Razon established Bloomberry Resorts & Hotels Corporation, owner of the Solaire Resort & Casino. The newspaper once again was relaunched as The Standard, featuring a tallboy broadsheet format that is similar to New York Post, the format is bigger than tabloids and smaller than newspapers, with pictures as the main inset of the front page. The new format was first implemented in the issues before the full makeover happened in the weekday issues since February 23,2015. Ranhilio Callangan Aquino Alejandro del Rosario Lito Banayo Rita Linda V. Jimeno Emil P. Jurado Jojo A. Robles Dean Tony Lavina Gary Olivar Victor Avecilla Tony Lopez Florencio Fianza Cong. Danilo Suarez Dr. Jenny Ortuoste Horace Templo Elizabeth Angsioco Rod P. Kapunan Adelle Chua Pastor Apollo C
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Softpedia
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Softpedia is a website from Romania that indexes information and provides primarily software information and downloads. Its main sections are Windows, Mac, Linux, Games, Drivers, Mobile, Webscripts and it also covers technology and science topics from both external and in-house sources, and it provides software and game reviews. Wherever possible, it one or more screenshots of each application. Softpedia does not repack software for distribution and it provides direct downloads of software in its original distribution form, links to developers downloads, or both. Softpedia is a destination for software downloads. It is owned by SoftNews NET SRL
